avcodec: add D3D12VA hardware HEVC encoder

This implementation is based on D3D12 Video Encoding Spec:
https://microsoft.github.io/DirectX-Specs/d3d/D3D12VideoEncoding.html

Sample command line for transcoding:
ffmpeg.exe -hwaccel d3d12va -hwaccel_output_format d3d12 -i input.mp4
-c:v hevc_d3d12va output.mp4

Signed-off-by: Tong Wu <tong1.wu@intel.com>

6 files changed, 2910 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/configure b/configure
index fed4c44cd1..b28221f258 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -2547,6 +2547,7 @@ CONFIG_EXTRA="
     cbs_mpeg2
     cbs_vp8
     cbs_vp9
+    d3d12va_encode
     deflate_wrapper
     dirac_parse
     dnn
@@ -3283,6 +3284,7 @@ wmv3_vaapi_hwaccel_select="vc1_vaapi_hwaccel"
 wmv3_vdpau_hwaccel_select="vc1_vdpau_hwaccel"
 
 # hardware-accelerated codecs
+d3d12va_encode_deps="d3d12va ID3D12VideoEncoder d3d12_encoder_feature"
 mediafoundation_deps="mftransform_h MFCreateAlignedMemoryBuffer"
 omx_deps="libdl pthreads"
 omx_rpi_select="omx"
@@ -3350,6 +3352,7 @@ h264_v4l2m2m_encoder_deps="v4l2_m2m h264_v4l2_m2m"
 hevc_amf_encoder_deps="amf"
 hevc_cuvid_decoder_deps="cuvid"
 hevc_cuvid_decoder_select="hevc_mp4toannexb_bsf"
+hevc_d3d12va_encoder_select="cbs_h265 d3d12va_encode"
 hevc_mediacodec_decoder_deps="mediacodec"
 hevc_mediacodec_decoder_select="hevc_mp4toannexb_bsf hevc_parser"
 hevc_mediacodec_encoder_deps="mediacodec"
@@ -6692,6 +6695,9 @@ check_type "windows.h d3d11.h" "ID3D11VideoDecoder"
 check_type "windows.h d3d11.h" "ID3D11VideoContext"
 check_type "windows.h d3d12.h" "ID3D12Device"
 check_type "windows.h d3d12video.h" "ID3D12VideoDecoder"
+check_type "windows.h d3d12video.h" "ID3D12VideoEncoder"
+test_code cc "windows.h d3d12video.h" "D3D12_FEATURE_VIDEO feature = D3D12_FEATURE_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC" && \
+test_code cc "windows.h d3d12video.h" "D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_VIDEO_ENCODER_RESOURCE_REQUIREMENTS req" && enable d3d12_encoder_feature
 check_type "windows.h" "DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT" -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0A00
 check_type "d3d9.h dxva2api.h" DXVA2_ConfigPictureDecode -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0602
 check_func_headers mfapi.h MFCreateAlignedMemoryBuffer -lmfplat
diff --git a/libavcodec/Makefile b/libavcodec/Makefile
index 863b981d96..771e2b597e 100644
--- a/libavcodec/Makefile
+++ b/libavcodec/Makefile
@@ -87,6 +87,7 @@ OBJS-$(CONFIG_CBS_JPEG)                += cbs_jpeg.o
 OBJS-$(CONFIG_CBS_MPEG2)               += cbs_mpeg2.o
 OBJS-$(CONFIG_CBS_VP8)                 += cbs_vp8.o vp8data.o
 OBJS-$(CONFIG_CBS_VP9)                 += cbs_vp9.o
+OBJS-$(CONFIG_D3D12VA_ENCODE)          += d3d12va_encode.o hw_base_encode.o
 OBJS-$(CONFIG_DEFLATE_WRAPPER)         += zlib_wrapper.o
 OBJS-$(CONFIG_DOVI_RPUDEC)             += dovi_rpu.o dovi_rpudec.o
 OBJS-$(CONFIG_DOVI_RPUENC)             += dovi_rpu.o dovi_rpuenc.o
@@ -433,6 +434,8 @@ OBJS-$(CONFIG_HDR_ENCODER)             += hdrenc.o
 OBJS-$(CONFIG_HEVC_DECODER)            += aom_film_grain.o h274.o
 OBJS-$(CONFIG_HEVC_AMF_ENCODER)        += amfenc_hevc.o
 OBJS-$(CONFIG_HEVC_CUVID_DECODER)      += cuviddec.o
+OBJS-$(CONFIG_HEVC_D3D12VA_ENCODER)    += d3d12va_encode_hevc.o h265_profile_level.o \
+                                          h2645data.o
 OBJS-$(CONFIG_HEVC_MEDIACODEC_DECODER) += mediacodecdec.o
 OBJS-$(CONFIG_HEVC_MEDIACODEC_ENCODER) += mediacodecenc.o
 OBJS-$(CONFIG_HEVC_MF_ENCODER)         += mfenc.o mf_utils.o
@@ -1262,7 +1265,7 @@ SKIPHEADERS                            += %_tablegen.h                  \
 
 SKIPHEADERS-$(CONFIG_AMF)              += amfenc.h
 SKIPHEADERS-$(CONFIG_D3D11VA)          += d3d11va.h dxva2_internal.h
-SKIPHEADERS-$(CONFIG_D3D12VA)          += d3d12va_decode.h
+SKIPHEADERS-$(CONFIG_D3D12VA)          += d3d12va_decode.h d3d12va_encode.h
 SKIPHEADERS-$(CONFIG_DXVA2)            += dxva2.h dxva2_internal.h
 SKIPHEADERS-$(CONFIG_JNI)              += ffjni.h
 SKIPHEADERS-$(CONFIG_LCMS2)            += fflcms2.h
diff --git a/libavcodec/allcodecs.c b/libavcodec/allcodecs.c
index 59d36dbd56..9598e0fea2 100644
--- a/libavcodec/allcodecs.c
+++ b/libavcodec/allcodecs.c
@@ -849,6 +849,7 @@ extern const FFCodec ff_h264_vaapi_encoder;
 extern const FFCodec ff_h264_videotoolbox_encoder;
 extern const FFCodec ff_hevc_amf_encoder;
 extern const FFCodec ff_hevc_cuvid_decoder;
+extern const FFCodec ff_hevc_d3d12va_encoder;
 extern const FFCodec ff_hevc_mediacodec_decoder;
 extern const FFCodec ff_hevc_mediacodec_encoder;
 extern const FFCodec ff_hevc_mf_encoder;
diff --git a/libavcodec/d3d12va_encode.c b/libavcodec/d3d12va_encode.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0fbf8eb07c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libavcodec/d3d12va_encode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1558 @@
+/*
+ * Direct3D 12 HW acceleration video encoder
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 Intel Corporation
+ *
+ * This file is part of FFmpeg.
+ *
+ * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+#include "libavutil/avassert.h"
+#include "libavutil/common.h"
+#include "libavutil/internal.h"
+#include "libavutil/log.h"
+#include "libavutil/mem.h"
+#include "libavutil/pixdesc.h"
+#include "libavutil/hwcontext_d3d12va_internal.h"
+#include "libavutil/hwcontext_d3d12va.h"
+
+#include "avcodec.h"
+#include "d3d12va_encode.h"
+#include "encode.h"
+
+const AVCodecHWConfigInternal *const ff_d3d12va_encode_hw_configs[] = {
+    HW_CONFIG_ENCODER_FRAMES(D3D12, D3D12VA),
+    NULL,
+};
+
+static int d3d12va_fence_completion(AVD3D12VASyncContext *psync_ctx)
+{
+    uint64_t completion = ID3D12Fence_GetCompletedValue(psync_ctx->fence);
+    if (completion < psync_ctx->fence_value) {
+        if (FAILED(ID3D12Fence_SetEventOnCompletion(psync_ctx->fence, psync_ctx->fence_value, psync_ctx->event)))
+            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+
+        WaitForSingleObjectEx(psync_ctx->event, INFINITE, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_sync_with_gpu(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+
+    DX_CHECK(ID3D12CommandQueue_Signal(ctx->command_queue, ctx->sync_ctx.fence, ++ctx->sync_ctx.fence_value));
+    return d3d12va_fence_completion(&ctx->sync_ctx);
+
+fail:
+    return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+}
+
+typedef struct CommandAllocator {
+    ID3D12CommandAllocator *command_allocator;
+    uint64_t fence_value;
+} CommandAllocator;
+
+static int d3d12va_get_valid_command_allocator(AVCodecContext *avctx, ID3D12CommandAllocator **ppAllocator)
+{
+    HRESULT hr;
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    CommandAllocator allocator;
+
+    if (av_fifo_peek(ctx->allocator_queue, &allocator, 1, 0) >= 0) {
+        uint64_t completion = ID3D12Fence_GetCompletedValue(ctx->sync_ctx.fence);
+        if (completion >= allocator.fence_value) {
+            *ppAllocator = allocator.command_allocator;
+            av_fifo_read(ctx->allocator_queue, &allocator, 1);
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    hr = ID3D12Device_CreateCommandAllocator(ctx->hwctx->device, D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_VIDEO_ENCODE,
+                                             &IID_ID3D12CommandAllocator, (void **)ppAllocator);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to create a new command allocator!\n");
+        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_discard_command_allocator(AVCodecContext *avctx, ID3D12CommandAllocator *pAllocator, uint64_t fence_value)
+{
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+
+    CommandAllocator allocator = {
+        .command_allocator = pAllocator,
+        .fence_value = fence_value,
+    };
+
+    av_fifo_write(ctx->allocator_queue, &allocator, 1);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_wait(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                               D3D12VAEncodePicture *pic)
+{
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext       *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    FFHWBaseEncodePicture *base_pic = &pic->base;
+    uint64_t completion;
+
+    av_assert0(base_pic->encode_issued);
+
+    if (base_pic->encode_complete) {
+        // Already waited for this picture.
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    completion = ID3D12Fence_GetCompletedValue(ctx->sync_ctx.fence);
+    if (completion < pic->fence_value) {
+        if (FAILED(ID3D12Fence_SetEventOnCompletion(ctx->sync_ctx.fence, pic->fence_value,
+                                                    ctx->sync_ctx.event)))
+            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+
+        WaitForSingleObjectEx(ctx->sync_ctx.event, INFINITE, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Sync to pic %"PRId64"/%"PRId64" "
+           "(input surface %p).\n", base_pic->display_order,
+           base_pic->encode_order, pic->input_surface->texture);
+
+    av_frame_free(&base_pic->input_image);
+
+    base_pic->encode_complete = 1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_create_metadata_buffers(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                                                  D3D12VAEncodePicture *pic)
+{
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    int width = sizeof(D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_OUTPUT_METADATA) + sizeof(D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_FRAME_SUBREGION_METADATA);
+    D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES encoded_meta_props = { .Type = D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_DEFAULT }, resolved_meta_props;
+    D3D12_HEAP_TYPE resolved_heap_type = D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_READBACK;
+    HRESULT hr;
+
+    D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC meta_desc = {
+        .Dimension        = D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_BUFFER,
+        .Alignment        = 0,
+        .Width            = ctx->req.MaxEncoderOutputMetadataBufferSize,
+        .Height           = 1,
+        .DepthOrArraySize = 1,
+        .MipLevels        = 1,
+        .Format           = DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
+        .SampleDesc       = { .Count = 1, .Quality = 0 },
+        .Layout           = D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_ROW_MAJOR,
+        .Flags            = D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_NONE,
+    };
+
+    hr = ID3D12Device_CreateCommittedResource(ctx->hwctx->device, &encoded_meta_props, D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE,
+                                              &meta_desc, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON, NULL,
+                                              &IID_ID3D12Resource, (void **)&pic->encoded_metadata);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to create metadata buffer.\n");
+        return AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    ctx->hwctx->device->lpVtbl->GetCustomHeapProperties(ctx->hwctx->device, &resolved_meta_props, 0, resolved_heap_type);
+
+    meta_desc.Width = width;
+
+    hr = ID3D12Device_CreateCommittedResource(ctx->hwctx->device, &resolved_meta_props, D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE,
+                                              &meta_desc, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON, NULL,
+                                              &IID_ID3D12Resource, (void **)&pic->resolved_metadata);
+
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to create output metadata buffer.\n");
+        return AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_issue(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                                const FFHWBaseEncodePicture *base_pic)
+{
+    FFHWBaseEncodeContext *base_ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext       *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    AVD3D12VAFramesContext *frames_hwctx = base_ctx->input_frames->hwctx;
+    D3D12VAEncodePicture *pic = (D3D12VAEncodePicture *)base_pic;
+    int err, i, j;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    char data[MAX_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    void *ptr;
+    size_t bit_len;
+    ID3D12CommandAllocator *command_allocator = NULL;
+    ID3D12VideoEncodeCommandList2 *cmd_list = ctx->command_list;
+    D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER barriers[32] = { 0 };
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODE_REFERENCE_FRAMES d3d12_refs = { 0 };
+
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_ENCODEFRAME_INPUT_ARGUMENTS input_args = {
+        .SequenceControlDesc = {
+            .Flags = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_SEQUENCE_CONTROL_FLAG_NONE,
+            .IntraRefreshConfig = { 0 },
+            .RateControl = ctx->rc,
+            .PictureTargetResolution = ctx->resolution,
+            .SelectedLayoutMode = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_FRAME_SUBREGION_LAYOUT_MODE_FULL_FRAME,
+            .FrameSubregionsLayoutData = { 0 },
+            .CodecGopSequence = ctx->gop,
+        },
+        .pInputFrame = pic->input_surface->texture,
+        .InputFrameSubresource = 0,
+    };
+
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_ENCODEFRAME_OUTPUT_ARGUMENTS output_args = { 0 };
+
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RESOLVE_METADATA_INPUT_ARGUMENTS input_metadata = {
+        .EncoderCodec = ctx->codec->d3d12_codec,
+        .EncoderProfile = ctx->profile->d3d12_profile,
+        .EncoderInputFormat = frames_hwctx->format,
+        .EncodedPictureEffectiveResolution = ctx->resolution,
+    };
+
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RESOLVE_METADATA_OUTPUT_ARGUMENTS output_metadata = { 0 };
+
+    memset(data, 0, sizeof(data));
+
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Issuing encode for pic %"PRId64"/%"PRId64" "
+           "as type %s.\n", base_pic->display_order, base_pic->encode_order,
+           ff_hw_base_encode_get_pictype_name(base_pic->type));
+    if (base_pic->nb_refs[0] == 0 && base_pic->nb_refs[1] == 0) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "No reference pictures.\n");
+    } else {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "L0 refers to");
+        for (i = 0; i < base_pic->nb_refs[0]; i++) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " %"PRId64"/%"PRId64,
+                   base_pic->refs[0][i]->display_order, base_pic->refs[0][i]->encode_order);
+        }
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, ".\n");
+
+        if (base_pic->nb_refs[1]) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "L1 refers to");
+            for (i = 0; i < base_pic->nb_refs[1]; i++) {
+                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, " %"PRId64"/%"PRId64,
+                       base_pic->refs[1][i]->display_order, base_pic->refs[1][i]->encode_order);
+            }
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, ".\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    av_assert0(!base_pic->encode_issued);
+    for (i = 0; i < base_pic->nb_refs[0]; i++) {
+        av_assert0(base_pic->refs[0][i]);
+        av_assert0(base_pic->refs[0][i]->encode_issued);
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < base_pic->nb_refs[1]; i++) {
+        av_assert0(base_pic->refs[1][i]);
+        av_assert0(base_pic->refs[1][i]->encode_issued);
+    }
+
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Input surface is %p.\n", pic->input_surface->texture);
+
+    err = av_hwframe_get_buffer(base_ctx->recon_frames_ref, base_pic->recon_image, 0);
+    if (err < 0) {
+        err = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    pic->recon_surface = (AVD3D12VAFrame *)base_pic->recon_image->data[0];
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Recon surface is %p.\n",
+           pic->recon_surface->texture);
+
+    pic->output_buffer_ref = av_buffer_pool_get(ctx->output_buffer_pool);
+    if (!pic->output_buffer_ref) {
+        err = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    pic->output_buffer = (ID3D12Resource *)pic->output_buffer_ref->data;
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Output buffer is %p.\n",
+           pic->output_buffer);
+
+    err = d3d12va_encode_create_metadata_buffers(avctx, pic);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    if (ctx->codec->init_picture_params) {
+        err = ctx->codec->init_picture_params(avctx, pic);
+        if (err < 0) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to initialise picture "
+                   "parameters: %d.\n", err);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (base_pic->type == FF_HW_PICTURE_TYPE_IDR) {
+        if (ctx->codec->write_sequence_header) {
+            bit_len = 8 * sizeof(data);
+            err = ctx->codec->write_sequence_header(avctx, data, &bit_len);
+            if (err < 0) {
+                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to write per-sequence "
+                       "header: %d.\n", err);
+                goto fail;
+            }
+        }
+
+        pic->header_size = (int)bit_len / 8;
+        pic->header_size = pic->header_size % ctx->req.CompressedBitstreamBufferAccessAlignment ?
+                           FFALIGN(pic->header_size, ctx->req.CompressedBitstreamBufferAccessAlignment) :
+                           pic->header_size;
+
+        hr = ID3D12Resource_Map(pic->output_buffer, 0, NULL, (void **)&ptr);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            err = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        memcpy(ptr, data, pic->header_size);
+        ID3D12Resource_Unmap(pic->output_buffer, 0, NULL);
+    }
+
+    d3d12_refs.NumTexture2Ds = base_pic->nb_refs[0] + base_pic->nb_refs[1];
+    if (d3d12_refs.NumTexture2Ds) {
+        d3d12_refs.ppTexture2Ds = av_calloc(d3d12_refs.NumTexture2Ds,
+                                            sizeof(*d3d12_refs.ppTexture2Ds));
+        if (!d3d12_refs.ppTexture2Ds) {
+            err = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        i = 0;
+        for (j = 0; j < base_pic->nb_refs[0]; j++)
+            d3d12_refs.ppTexture2Ds[i++] = ((D3D12VAEncodePicture *)base_pic->refs[0][j])->recon_surface->texture;
+        for (j = 0; j < base_pic->nb_refs[1]; j++)
+            d3d12_refs.ppTexture2Ds[i++] = ((D3D12VAEncodePicture *)base_pic->refs[1][j])->recon_surface->texture;
+    }
+
+    input_args.PictureControlDesc.IntraRefreshFrameIndex  = 0;
+    if (base_pic->is_reference)
+        input_args.PictureControlDesc.Flags |= D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_PICTURE_CONTROL_FLAG_USED_AS_REFERENCE_PICTURE;
+
+    input_args.PictureControlDesc.PictureControlCodecData = pic->pic_ctl;
+    input_args.PictureControlDesc.ReferenceFrames         = d3d12_refs;
+    input_args.CurrentFrameBitstreamMetadataSize          = pic->header_size;
+
+    output_args.Bitstream.pBuffer                                    = pic->output_buffer;
+    output_args.Bitstream.FrameStartOffset                           = pic->header_size;
+    output_args.ReconstructedPicture.pReconstructedPicture           = pic->recon_surface->texture;
+    output_args.ReconstructedPicture.ReconstructedPictureSubresource = 0;
+    output_args.EncoderOutputMetadata.pBuffer                        = pic->encoded_metadata;
+    output_args.EncoderOutputMetadata.Offset                         = 0;
+
+    input_metadata.HWLayoutMetadata.pBuffer = pic->encoded_metadata;
+    input_metadata.HWLayoutMetadata.Offset  = 0;
+
+    output_metadata.ResolvedLayoutMetadata.pBuffer = pic->resolved_metadata;
+    output_metadata.ResolvedLayoutMetadata.Offset  = 0;
+
+    err = d3d12va_get_valid_command_allocator(avctx, &command_allocator);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    hr = ID3D12CommandAllocator_Reset(command_allocator);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        err = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    hr = ID3D12VideoEncodeCommandList2_Reset(cmd_list, command_allocator);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        err = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+#define TRANSITION_BARRIER(res, before, after)                      \
+    (D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER) {                                      \
+        .Type  = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_TYPE_TRANSITION,            \
+        .Flags = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_FLAG_NONE,                  \
+        .Transition = {                                             \
+            .pResource   = res,                                     \
+            .Subresource = D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER_ALL_SUBRESOURCES, \
+            .StateBefore = before,                                  \
+            .StateAfter  = after,                                   \
+        },                                                          \
+    }
+
+    barriers[0] = TRANSITION_BARRIER(pic->input_surface->texture,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_VIDEO_ENCODE_READ);
+    barriers[1] = TRANSITION_BARRIER(pic->output_buffer,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_VIDEO_ENCODE_WRITE);
+    barriers[2] = TRANSITION_BARRIER(pic->recon_surface->texture,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_VIDEO_ENCODE_WRITE);
+    barriers[3] = TRANSITION_BARRIER(pic->encoded_metadata,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_VIDEO_ENCODE_WRITE);
+    barriers[4] = TRANSITION_BARRIER(pic->resolved_metadata,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_VIDEO_ENCODE_WRITE);
+
+    ID3D12VideoEncodeCommandList2_ResourceBarrier(cmd_list, 5, barriers);
+
+    if (d3d12_refs.NumTexture2Ds) {
+        D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER refs_barriers[3];
+
+        for (i = 0; i < d3d12_refs.NumTexture2Ds; i++)
+            refs_barriers[i] = TRANSITION_BARRIER(d3d12_refs.ppTexture2Ds[i],
+                                                  D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON,
+                                                  D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_VIDEO_ENCODE_READ);
+
+        ID3D12VideoEncodeCommandList2_ResourceBarrier(cmd_list, d3d12_refs.NumTexture2Ds,
+                                                      refs_barriers);
+    }
+
+    ID3D12VideoEncodeCommandList2_EncodeFrame(cmd_list, ctx->encoder, ctx->encoder_heap,
+                                              &input_args, &output_args);
+
+    barriers[3] = TRANSITION_BARRIER(pic->encoded_metadata,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_VIDEO_ENCODE_WRITE,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_VIDEO_ENCODE_READ);
+
+    ID3D12VideoEncodeCommandList2_ResourceBarrier(cmd_list, 1, &barriers[3]);
+
+    ID3D12VideoEncodeCommandList2_ResolveEncoderOutputMetadata(cmd_list, &input_metadata, &output_metadata);
+
+    if (d3d12_refs.NumTexture2Ds) {
+        D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER refs_barriers[3];
+
+        for (i = 0; i < d3d12_refs.NumTexture2Ds; i++)
+            refs_barriers[i] = TRANSITION_BARRIER(d3d12_refs.ppTexture2Ds[i],
+                                                  D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_VIDEO_ENCODE_READ,
+                                                  D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON);
+
+        ID3D12VideoEncodeCommandList2_ResourceBarrier(cmd_list, d3d12_refs.NumTexture2Ds,
+                                                      refs_barriers);
+    }
+
+    barriers[0] = TRANSITION_BARRIER(pic->input_surface->texture,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_VIDEO_ENCODE_READ,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON);
+    barriers[1] = TRANSITION_BARRIER(pic->output_buffer,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_VIDEO_ENCODE_WRITE,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON);
+    barriers[2] = TRANSITION_BARRIER(pic->recon_surface->texture,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_VIDEO_ENCODE_WRITE,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON);
+    barriers[3] = TRANSITION_BARRIER(pic->encoded_metadata,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_VIDEO_ENCODE_READ,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON);
+    barriers[4] = TRANSITION_BARRIER(pic->resolved_metadata,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_VIDEO_ENCODE_WRITE,
+                                     D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON);
+
+    ID3D12VideoEncodeCommandList2_ResourceBarrier(cmd_list, 5, barriers);
+
+    hr = ID3D12VideoEncodeCommandList2_Close(cmd_list);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        err = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    hr = ID3D12CommandQueue_Wait(ctx->command_queue, pic->input_surface->sync_ctx.fence,
+                                 pic->input_surface->sync_ctx.fence_value);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        err = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    ID3D12CommandQueue_ExecuteCommandLists(ctx->command_queue, 1, (ID3D12CommandList **)&ctx->command_list);
+
+    hr = ID3D12CommandQueue_Signal(ctx->command_queue, pic->input_surface->sync_ctx.fence,
+                                   ++pic->input_surface->sync_ctx.fence_value);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        err = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    hr = ID3D12CommandQueue_Signal(ctx->command_queue, ctx->sync_ctx.fence, ++ctx->sync_ctx.fence_value);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        err = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    err = d3d12va_discard_command_allocator(avctx, command_allocator, ctx->sync_ctx.fence_value);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    pic->fence_value = ctx->sync_ctx.fence_value;
+
+    if (d3d12_refs.ppTexture2Ds)
+        av_freep(&d3d12_refs.ppTexture2Ds);
+
+    return 0;
+
+fail:
+    if (command_allocator)
+        d3d12va_discard_command_allocator(avctx, command_allocator, ctx->sync_ctx.fence_value);
+
+    if (d3d12_refs.ppTexture2Ds)
+        av_freep(&d3d12_refs.ppTexture2Ds);
+
+    if (ctx->codec->free_picture_params)
+        ctx->codec->free_picture_params(pic);
+
+    av_buffer_unref(&pic->output_buffer_ref);
+    pic->output_buffer = NULL;
+    D3D12_OBJECT_RELEASE(pic->encoded_metadata);
+    D3D12_OBJECT_RELEASE(pic->resolved_metadata);
+    return err;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_discard(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                                  D3D12VAEncodePicture *pic)
+{
+    FFHWBaseEncodePicture *base_pic = &pic->base;
+    d3d12va_encode_wait(avctx, pic);
+
+    if (pic->output_buffer_ref) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Discard output for pic "
+               "%"PRId64"/%"PRId64".\n",
+               base_pic->display_order, base_pic->encode_order);
+
+        av_buffer_unref(&pic->output_buffer_ref);
+        pic->output_buffer = NULL;
+    }
+
+    D3D12_OBJECT_RELEASE(pic->encoded_metadata);
+    D3D12_OBJECT_RELEASE(pic->resolved_metadata);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_free_rc_params(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+
+    switch (ctx->rc.Mode)
+    {
+    case D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_MODE_CQP:
+        av_freep(&ctx->rc.ConfigParams.pConfiguration_CQP);
+        break;
+    case D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_MODE_CBR:
+        av_freep(&ctx->rc.ConfigParams.pConfiguration_CBR);
+        break;
+    case D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_MODE_VBR:
+        av_freep(&ctx->rc.ConfigParams.pConfiguration_VBR);
+        break;
+    case D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_MODE_QVBR:
+        av_freep(&ctx->rc.ConfigParams.pConfiguration_QVBR);
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static FFHWBaseEncodePicture *d3d12va_encode_alloc(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                                                   const AVFrame *frame)
+{
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodePicture *pic;
+
+    pic = av_mallocz(sizeof(*pic));
+    if (!pic)
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (ctx->codec->picture_priv_data_size > 0) {
+        pic->base.priv_data = av_mallocz(ctx->codec->picture_priv_data_size);
+        if (!pic->base.priv_data) {
+            av_freep(&pic);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pic->input_surface = (AVD3D12VAFrame *)frame->data[0];
+
+    return &pic->base;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_free(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                               FFHWBaseEncodePicture *base_pic)
+{
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodePicture *pic = (D3D12VAEncodePicture *)base_pic;
+
+    if (base_pic->encode_issued)
+        d3d12va_encode_discard(avctx, pic);
+
+    if (ctx->codec->free_picture_params)
+        ctx->codec->free_picture_params(pic);
+
+    ff_hw_base_encode_free(base_pic);
+
+    av_free(pic);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_get_buffer_size(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                                          D3D12VAEncodePicture *pic, size_t *size)
+{
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_OUTPUT_METADATA *meta = NULL;
+    uint8_t *data;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    int err;
+
+    hr = ID3D12Resource_Map(pic->resolved_metadata, 0, NULL, (void **)&data);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        err = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    meta = (D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_OUTPUT_METADATA *)data;
+
+    if (meta->EncodeErrorFlags != D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_ENCODE_ERROR_FLAG_NO_ERROR) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Encode failed %"PRIu64"\n", meta->EncodeErrorFlags);
+        err = AVERROR(EINVAL);
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    if (meta->EncodedBitstreamWrittenBytesCount == 0) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "No bytes were written to encoded bitstream\n");
+        err = AVERROR(EINVAL);
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    *size = meta->EncodedBitstreamWrittenBytesCount;
+
+    ID3D12Resource_Unmap(pic->resolved_metadata, 0, NULL);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_get_coded_data(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                                         D3D12VAEncodePicture *pic, AVPacket *pkt)
+{
+    int err;
+    uint8_t *ptr, *mapped_data;
+    size_t total_size = 0;
+    HRESULT hr;
+
+    err = d3d12va_encode_get_buffer_size(avctx, pic, &total_size);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto end;
+
+    total_size += pic->header_size;
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Output buffer size %"PRId64"\n", total_size);
+
+    hr = ID3D12Resource_Map(pic->output_buffer, 0, NULL, (void **)&mapped_data);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        err = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        goto end;
+    }
+
+    err = ff_get_encode_buffer(avctx, pkt, total_size, 0);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto end;
+    ptr = pkt->data;
+
+    memcpy(ptr, mapped_data, total_size);
+
+    ID3D12Resource_Unmap(pic->output_buffer, 0, NULL);
+
+end:
+    av_buffer_unref(&pic->output_buffer_ref);
+    pic->output_buffer = NULL;
+    return err;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_output(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                                 const FFHWBaseEncodePicture *base_pic, AVPacket *pkt)
+{
+    D3D12VAEncodePicture *pic = (D3D12VAEncodePicture *)base_pic;
+    AVPacket *pkt_ptr = pkt;
+    int err;
+
+    err = d3d12va_encode_wait(avctx, pic);
+    if (err < 0)
+        return err;
+
+    err = d3d12va_encode_get_coded_data(avctx, pic, pkt);
+    if (err < 0)
+        return err;
+
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Output read for pic %"PRId64"/%"PRId64".\n",
+           base_pic->display_order, base_pic->encode_order);
+
+    ff_hw_base_encode_set_output_property(avctx, (FFHWBaseEncodePicture *)base_pic, pkt_ptr, 0);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_set_profile(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    FFHWBaseEncodeContext *base_ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext       *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    const D3D12VAEncodeProfile *profile;
+    const AVPixFmtDescriptor *desc;
+    int i, depth;
+
+    desc = av_pix_fmt_desc_get(base_ctx->input_frames->sw_format);
+    if (!desc) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid input pixfmt (%d).\n",
+               base_ctx->input_frames->sw_format);
+        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    depth = desc->comp[0].depth;
+    for (i = 1; i < desc->nb_components; i++) {
+        if (desc->comp[i].depth != depth) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid input pixfmt (%s).\n",
+                   desc->name);
+            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+        }
+    }
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "Input surface format is %s.\n",
+           desc->name);
+
+    av_assert0(ctx->codec->profiles);
+    for (i = 0; (ctx->codec->profiles[i].av_profile !=
+                 AV_PROFILE_UNKNOWN); i++) {
+        profile = &ctx->codec->profiles[i];
+        if (depth               != profile->depth ||
+            desc->nb_components != profile->nb_components)
+            continue;
+        if (desc->nb_components > 1 &&
+            (desc->log2_chroma_w != profile->log2_chroma_w ||
+             desc->log2_chroma_h != profile->log2_chroma_h))
+            continue;
+        if (avctx->profile != profile->av_profile &&
+            avctx->profile != AV_PROFILE_UNKNOWN)
+            continue;
+
+        ctx->profile = profile;
+        break;
+    }
+    if (!ctx->profile) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "No usable encoding profile found.\n");
+        return AVERROR(ENOSYS);
+    }
+
+    avctx->profile = profile->av_profile;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static const D3D12VAEncodeRCMode d3d12va_encode_rc_modes[] = {
+    //                   Bitrate   Quality
+    //                      | Maxrate | HRD/VBV
+    { 0 }, //               |    |    |    |
+    { RC_MODE_CQP,  "CQP",  0,   0,   1,   0, D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_MODE_CQP },
+    { RC_MODE_CBR,  "CBR",  1,   0,   0,   1, D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_MODE_CBR },
+    { RC_MODE_VBR,  "VBR",  1,   1,   0,   1, D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_MODE_VBR },
+    { RC_MODE_QVBR, "QVBR", 1,   1,   1,   1, D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_MODE_QVBR },
+};
+
+static int check_rate_control_support(AVCodecContext *avctx, const D3D12VAEncodeRCMode *rc_mode)
+{
+    HRESULT hr;
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_MODE d3d12_rc_mode = {
+        .Codec = ctx->codec->d3d12_codec,
+    };
+
+    if (!rc_mode->d3d12_mode)
+        return 0;
+
+    d3d12_rc_mode.IsSupported = 0;
+    d3d12_rc_mode.RateControlMode = rc_mode->d3d12_mode;
+
+    hr = ID3D12VideoDevice3_CheckFeatureSupport(ctx->video_device3,
+                                                D3D12_FEATURE_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_MODE,
+                                                &d3d12_rc_mode, sizeof(d3d12_rc_mode));
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to check rate control support.\n");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return d3d12_rc_mode.IsSupported;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_init_rate_control(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    int64_t rc_target_bitrate;
+    int64_t rc_peak_bitrate;
+    int     rc_quality;
+    int64_t hrd_buffer_size;
+    int64_t hrd_initial_buffer_fullness;
+    int fr_num, fr_den;
+    const D3D12VAEncodeRCMode *rc_mode;
+
+    // Rate control mode selection:
+    // * If the user has set a mode explicitly with the rc_mode option,
+    //   use it and fail if it is not available.
+    // * If an explicit QP option has been set, use CQP.
+    // * If the codec is CQ-only, use CQP.
+    // * If the QSCALE avcodec option is set, use CQP.
+    // * If bitrate and quality are both set, try QVBR.
+    // * If quality is set, try CQP.
+    // * If bitrate and maxrate are set and have the same value, try CBR.
+    // * If a bitrate is set, try VBR, then CBR.
+    // * If no bitrate is set, try CQP.
+
+#define TRY_RC_MODE(mode, fail) do { \
+        rc_mode = &d3d12va_encode_rc_modes[mode]; \
+        if (!(rc_mode->d3d12_mode && check_rate_control_support(avctx, rc_mode))) { \
+            if (fail) { \
+                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Driver does not support %s " \
+                       "RC mode.\n", rc_mode->name); \
+                return AVERROR(EINVAL); \
+            } \
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Driver does not support %s " \
+                   "RC mode.\n", rc_mode->name); \
+            rc_mode = NULL; \
+        } else { \
+            goto rc_mode_found; \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
+
+    if (ctx->explicit_rc_mode)
+        TRY_RC_MODE(ctx->explicit_rc_mode, 1);
+
+    if (ctx->explicit_qp)
+        TRY_RC_MODE(RC_MODE_CQP, 1);
+
+    if (ctx->codec->flags & FF_HW_FLAG_CONSTANT_QUALITY_ONLY)
+        TRY_RC_MODE(RC_MODE_CQP, 1);
+
+    if (avctx->flags & AV_CODEC_FLAG_QSCALE)
+        TRY_RC_MODE(RC_MODE_CQP, 1);
+
+    if (avctx->bit_rate > 0 && avctx->global_quality > 0)
+        TRY_RC_MODE(RC_MODE_QVBR, 0);
+
+    if (avctx->global_quality > 0) {
+        TRY_RC_MODE(RC_MODE_CQP, 0);
+    }
+
+    if (avctx->bit_rate > 0 && avctx->rc_max_rate == avctx->bit_rate)
+        TRY_RC_MODE(RC_MODE_CBR, 0);
+
+    if (avctx->bit_rate > 0) {
+        TRY_RC_MODE(RC_MODE_VBR, 0);
+        TRY_RC_MODE(RC_MODE_CBR, 0);
+    } else {
+        TRY_RC_MODE(RC_MODE_CQP, 0);
+    }
+
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Driver does not support any "
+           "RC mode compatible with selected options.\n");
+    return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+
+rc_mode_found:
+    if (rc_mode->bitrate) {
+        if (avctx->bit_rate <= 0) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Bitrate must be set for %s "
+                   "RC mode.\n", rc_mode->name);
+            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+        }
+
+        if (rc_mode->maxrate) {
+            if (avctx->rc_max_rate > 0) {
+                if (avctx->rc_max_rate < avctx->bit_rate) {
+                    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid bitrate settings: "
+                           "bitrate (%"PRId64") must not be greater than "
+                           "maxrate (%"PRId64").\n", avctx->bit_rate,
+                           avctx->rc_max_rate);
+                    return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+                }
+                rc_target_bitrate = avctx->bit_rate;
+                rc_peak_bitrate   = avctx->rc_max_rate;
+            } else {
+                // We only have a target bitrate, but this mode requires
+                // that a maximum rate be supplied as well.  Since the
+                // user does not want this to be a constraint, arbitrarily
+                // pick a maximum rate of double the target rate.
+                rc_target_bitrate = avctx->bit_rate;
+                rc_peak_bitrate   = 2 * avctx->bit_rate;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (avctx->rc_max_rate > avctx->bit_rate) {
+                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Max bitrate is ignored "
+                       "in %s RC mode.\n", rc_mode->name);
+            }
+            rc_target_bitrate = avctx->bit_rate;
+            rc_peak_bitrate   = 0;
+        }
+    } else {
+        rc_target_bitrate = 0;
+        rc_peak_bitrate   = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (rc_mode->quality) {
+        if (ctx->explicit_qp) {
+            rc_quality = ctx->explicit_qp;
+        } else if (avctx->global_quality > 0) {
+            if (avctx->flags & AV_CODEC_FLAG_QSCALE)
+                rc_quality = avctx->global_quality / FF_QP2LAMBDA;
+            else
+                rc_quality = avctx->global_quality;
+        } else {
+            rc_quality = ctx->codec->default_quality;
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "No quality level set; "
+                   "using default (%d).\n", rc_quality);
+        }
+    } else {
+        rc_quality = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (rc_mode->hrd) {
+        if (avctx->rc_buffer_size)
+            hrd_buffer_size = avctx->rc_buffer_size;
+        else if (avctx->rc_max_rate > 0)
+            hrd_buffer_size = avctx->rc_max_rate;
+        else
+            hrd_buffer_size = avctx->bit_rate;
+        if (avctx->rc_initial_buffer_occupancy) {
+            if (avctx->rc_initial_buffer_occupancy > hrd_buffer_size) {
+                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid RC buffer settings: "
+                       "must have initial buffer size (%d) <= "
+                       "buffer size (%"PRId64").\n",
+                       avctx->rc_initial_buffer_occupancy, hrd_buffer_size);
+                return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+            }
+            hrd_initial_buffer_fullness = avctx->rc_initial_buffer_occupancy;
+        } else {
+            hrd_initial_buffer_fullness = hrd_buffer_size * 3 / 4;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (avctx->rc_buffer_size || avctx->rc_initial_buffer_occupancy) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Buffering settings are ignored "
+                   "in %s RC mode.\n", rc_mode->name);
+        }
+
+        hrd_buffer_size             = 0;
+        hrd_initial_buffer_fullness = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (rc_target_bitrate          > UINT32_MAX ||
+        hrd_buffer_size             > UINT32_MAX ||
+        hrd_initial_buffer_fullness > UINT32_MAX) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "RC parameters of 2^32 or "
+               "greater are not supported by D3D12.\n");
+        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    ctx->rc_quality = rc_quality;
+
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "RC mode: %s.\n", rc_mode->name);
+
+    if (rc_mode->quality)
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "RC quality: %d.\n", rc_quality);
+
+    if (rc_mode->hrd) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "RC buffer: %"PRId64" bits, "
+               "initial fullness %"PRId64" bits.\n",
+               hrd_buffer_size, hrd_initial_buffer_fullness);
+    }
+
+    if (avctx->framerate.num > 0 && avctx->framerate.den > 0)
+        av_reduce(&fr_num, &fr_den,
+                  avctx->framerate.num, avctx->framerate.den, 65535);
+    else
+        av_reduce(&fr_num, &fr_den,
+                  avctx->time_base.den, avctx->time_base.num, 65535);
+
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "RC framerate: %d/%d (%.2f fps).\n",
+           fr_num, fr_den, (double)fr_num / fr_den);
+
+    ctx->rc.Flags                       = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_FLAG_NONE;
+    ctx->rc.TargetFrameRate.Numerator   = fr_num;
+    ctx->rc.TargetFrameRate.Denominator = fr_den;
+    ctx->rc.Mode                        = rc_mode->d3d12_mode;
+
+    switch (rc_mode->mode) {
+        case RC_MODE_CQP:
+            // cqp ConfigParams will be updated in ctx->codec->configure.
+            break;
+
+        case RC_MODE_CBR:
+            D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_CBR *cbr_ctl;
+
+            ctx->rc.ConfigParams.DataSize = sizeof(D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_CBR);
+            cbr_ctl = av_mallocz(ctx->rc.ConfigParams.DataSize);
+            if (!cbr_ctl)
+                return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+            cbr_ctl->TargetBitRate      = rc_target_bitrate;
+            cbr_ctl->VBVCapacity        = hrd_buffer_size;
+            cbr_ctl->InitialVBVFullness = hrd_initial_buffer_fullness;
+            ctx->rc.Flags |= D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_FLAG_ENABLE_VBV_SIZES;
+
+            if (avctx->qmin > 0 || avctx->qmax > 0) {
+                cbr_ctl->MinQP = avctx->qmin;
+                cbr_ctl->MaxQP = avctx->qmax;
+                ctx->rc.Flags |= D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_FLAG_ENABLE_QP_RANGE;
+            }
+
+            ctx->rc.ConfigParams.pConfiguration_CBR = cbr_ctl;
+            break;
+
+        case RC_MODE_VBR:
+            D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_VBR *vbr_ctl;
+
+            ctx->rc.ConfigParams.DataSize = sizeof(D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_VBR);
+            vbr_ctl = av_mallocz(ctx->rc.ConfigParams.DataSize);
+            if (!vbr_ctl)
+                return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+            vbr_ctl->TargetAvgBitRate   = rc_target_bitrate;
+            vbr_ctl->PeakBitRate        = rc_peak_bitrate;
+            vbr_ctl->VBVCapacity        = hrd_buffer_size;
+            vbr_ctl->InitialVBVFullness = hrd_initial_buffer_fullness;
+            ctx->rc.Flags |= D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_FLAG_ENABLE_VBV_SIZES;
+
+            if (avctx->qmin > 0 || avctx->qmax > 0) {
+                vbr_ctl->MinQP = avctx->qmin;
+                vbr_ctl->MaxQP = avctx->qmax;
+                ctx->rc.Flags |= D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_FLAG_ENABLE_QP_RANGE;
+            }
+
+            ctx->rc.ConfigParams.pConfiguration_VBR = vbr_ctl;
+            break;
+
+        case RC_MODE_QVBR:
+            D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_QVBR *qvbr_ctl;
+
+            ctx->rc.ConfigParams.DataSize = sizeof(D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_QVBR);
+            qvbr_ctl = av_mallocz(ctx->rc.ConfigParams.DataSize);
+            if (!qvbr_ctl)
+                return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+            qvbr_ctl->TargetAvgBitRate      = rc_target_bitrate;
+            qvbr_ctl->PeakBitRate           = rc_peak_bitrate;
+            qvbr_ctl->ConstantQualityTarget = rc_quality;
+
+            if (avctx->qmin > 0 || avctx->qmax > 0) {
+                qvbr_ctl->MinQP = avctx->qmin;
+                qvbr_ctl->MaxQP = avctx->qmax;
+                ctx->rc.Flags |= D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_FLAG_ENABLE_QP_RANGE;
+            }
+
+            ctx->rc.ConfigParams.pConfiguration_QVBR = qvbr_ctl;
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_init_gop_structure(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    FFHWBaseEncodeContext *base_ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext       *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    uint32_t ref_l0, ref_l1;
+    int err;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_PICTURE_CONTROL_SUPPORT support;
+    union {
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_PICTURE_CONTROL_SUPPORT_H264 h264;
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_PICTURE_CONTROL_SUPPORT_HEVC hevc;
+    } codec_support;
+
+    support.NodeIndex = 0;
+    support.Codec     = ctx->codec->d3d12_codec;
+    support.Profile   = ctx->profile->d3d12_profile;
+
+    switch (ctx->codec->d3d12_codec) {
+        case D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_H264:
+            support.PictureSupport.DataSize = sizeof(codec_support.h264);
+            support.PictureSupport.pH264Support = &codec_support.h264;
+            break;
+
+        case D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_HEVC:
+            support.PictureSupport.DataSize = sizeof(codec_support.hevc);
+            support.PictureSupport.pHEVCSupport = &codec_support.hevc;
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            av_assert0(0);
+    }
+
+    hr = ID3D12VideoDevice3_CheckFeatureSupport(ctx->video_device3, D3D12_FEATURE_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_PICTURE_CONTROL_SUPPORT,
+                                                &support, sizeof(support));
+    if (FAILED(hr))
+        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+
+    if (support.IsSupported) {
+        switch (ctx->codec->d3d12_codec) {
+            case D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_H264:
+                ref_l0 = FFMIN(support.PictureSupport.pH264Support->MaxL0ReferencesForP,
+                               support.PictureSupport.pH264Support->MaxL1ReferencesForB);
+                ref_l1 = support.PictureSupport.pH264Support->MaxL1ReferencesForB;
+                break;
+
+            case D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_HEVC:
+                ref_l0 = FFMIN(support.PictureSupport.pHEVCSupport->MaxL0ReferencesForP,
+                               support.PictureSupport.pHEVCSupport->MaxL1ReferencesForB);
+                ref_l1 = support.PictureSupport.pHEVCSupport->MaxL1ReferencesForB;
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                av_assert0(0);
+        }
+    } else {
+        ref_l0 = ref_l1 = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (ref_l0 > 0 && ref_l1 > 0 && ctx->bi_not_empty) {
+        base_ctx->p_to_gpb = 1;
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "Driver does not support P-frames, "
+               "replacing them with B-frames.\n");
+    }
+
+    err = ff_hw_base_init_gop_structure(avctx, ref_l0, ref_l1, ctx->codec->flags, 0);
+    if (err < 0)
+        return err;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_create_encoder(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    FFHWBaseEncodeContext  *base_ctx     = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext   *ctx          = avctx->priv_data;
+    AVD3D12VAFramesContext *frames_hwctx = base_ctx->input_frames->hwctx;
+    HRESULT hr;
+
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_DESC desc = {
+        .NodeMask                     = 0,
+        .Flags                        = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_FLAG_NONE,
+        .EncodeCodec                  = ctx->codec->d3d12_codec,
+        .EncodeProfile                = ctx->profile->d3d12_profile,
+        .InputFormat                  = frames_hwctx->format,
+        .CodecConfiguration           = ctx->codec_conf,
+        .MaxMotionEstimationPrecision = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_MOTION_ESTIMATION_PRECISION_MODE_MAXIMUM,
+    };
+
+    hr = ID3D12VideoDevice3_CreateVideoEncoder(ctx->video_device3, &desc, &IID_ID3D12VideoEncoder,
+                                               (void **)&ctx->encoder);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to create encoder.\n");
+        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_create_encoder_heap(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    HRESULT hr;
+
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_HEAP_DESC desc = {
+        .NodeMask             = 0,
+        .Flags                = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_FLAG_NONE,
+        .EncodeCodec          = ctx->codec->d3d12_codec,
+        .EncodeProfile        = ctx->profile->d3d12_profile,
+        .EncodeLevel          = ctx->level,
+        .ResolutionsListCount = 1,
+        .pResolutionList      = &ctx->resolution,
+    };
+
+    hr = ID3D12VideoDevice3_CreateVideoEncoderHeap(ctx->video_device3, &desc,
+                                                   &IID_ID3D12VideoEncoderHeap, (void **)&ctx->encoder_heap);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to create encoder heap.\n");
+        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void d3d12va_encode_free_buffer(void *opaque, uint8_t *data)
+{
+    ID3D12Resource *pResource;
+
+    pResource = (ID3D12Resource *)data;
+    D3D12_OBJECT_RELEASE(pResource);
+}
+
+static AVBufferRef *d3d12va_encode_alloc_output_buffer(void *opaque, size_t size)
+{
+    AVCodecContext           *avctx = opaque;
+    FFHWBaseEncodeContext *base_ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext       *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    ID3D12Resource *pResource = NULL;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    AVBufferRef *ref;
+    D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES heap_props;
+    D3D12_HEAP_TYPE heap_type = D3D12_HEAP_TYPE_READBACK;
+
+    D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC desc = {
+        .Dimension        = D3D12_RESOURCE_DIMENSION_BUFFER,
+        .Alignment        = 0,
+        .Width            = FFALIGN(3 * base_ctx->surface_width * base_ctx->surface_height + (1 << 16),
+                                    D3D12_TEXTURE_DATA_PLACEMENT_ALIGNMENT),
+        .Height           = 1,
+        .DepthOrArraySize = 1,
+        .MipLevels        = 1,
+        .Format           = DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
+        .SampleDesc       = { .Count = 1, .Quality = 0 },
+        .Layout           = D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_ROW_MAJOR,
+        .Flags            = D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_NONE,
+    };
+
+    ctx->hwctx->device->lpVtbl->GetCustomHeapProperties(ctx->hwctx->device, &heap_props, 0, heap_type);
+
+    hr = ID3D12Device_CreateCommittedResource(ctx->hwctx->device, &heap_props, D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE,
+                                              &desc, D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COMMON, NULL, &IID_ID3D12Resource,
+                                              (void **)&pResource);
+
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to create d3d12 buffer.\n");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    ref = av_buffer_create((uint8_t *)(uintptr_t)pResource,
+                           sizeof(pResource),
+                           &d3d12va_encode_free_buffer,
+                           avctx, AV_BUFFER_FLAG_READONLY);
+    if (!ref) {
+        D3D12_OBJECT_RELEASE(pResource);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return ref;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_prepare_output_buffers(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    FFHWBaseEncodeContext    *base_ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext          *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    AVD3D12VAFramesContext *frames_ctx = base_ctx->input_frames->hwctx;
+    HRESULT hr;
+
+    ctx->req.NodeIndex               = 0;
+    ctx->req.Codec                   = ctx->codec->d3d12_codec;
+    ctx->req.Profile                 = ctx->profile->d3d12_profile;
+    ctx->req.InputFormat             = frames_ctx->format;
+    ctx->req.PictureTargetResolution = ctx->resolution;
+
+    hr = ID3D12VideoDevice3_CheckFeatureSupport(ctx->video_device3,
+                                                D3D12_FEATURE_VIDEO_ENCODER_RESOURCE_REQUIREMENTS,
+                                                &ctx->req, sizeof(ctx->req));
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to check encoder resource requirements support.\n");
+        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    if (!ctx->req.IsSupported) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Encoder resource requirements unsupported.\n");
+        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    ctx->output_buffer_pool = av_buffer_pool_init2(sizeof(ID3D12Resource *), avctx,
+                                                   &d3d12va_encode_alloc_output_buffer, NULL);
+    if (!ctx->output_buffer_pool)
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_create_command_objects(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    ID3D12CommandAllocator *command_allocator = NULL;
+    int err;
+    HRESULT hr;
+
+    D3D12_COMMAND_QUEUE_DESC queue_desc = {
+        .Type     = D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_VIDEO_ENCODE,
+        .Priority = 0,
+        .Flags    = D3D12_COMMAND_QUEUE_FLAG_NONE,
+        .NodeMask = 0,
+    };
+
+    ctx->allocator_queue = av_fifo_alloc2(D3D12VA_VIDEO_ENC_ASYNC_DEPTH,
+                                          sizeof(CommandAllocator), AV_FIFO_FLAG_AUTO_GROW);
+    if (!ctx->allocator_queue)
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+    hr = ID3D12Device_CreateFence(ctx->hwctx->device, 0, D3D12_FENCE_FLAG_NONE,
+                                  &IID_ID3D12Fence, (void **)&ctx->sync_ctx.fence);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to create fence(%lx)\n", (long)hr);
+        err = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    ctx->sync_ctx.event = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
+    if (!ctx->sync_ctx.event)
+        goto fail;
+
+    err = d3d12va_get_valid_command_allocator(avctx, &command_allocator);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    hr = ID3D12Device_CreateCommandQueue(ctx->hwctx->device, &queue_desc,
+                                         &IID_ID3D12CommandQueue, (void **)&ctx->command_queue);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to create command queue(%lx)\n", (long)hr);
+        err = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    hr = ID3D12Device_CreateCommandList(ctx->hwctx->device, 0, queue_desc.Type,
+                                        command_allocator, NULL, &IID_ID3D12CommandList,
+                                        (void **)&ctx->command_list);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to create command list(%lx)\n", (long)hr);
+        err = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    hr = ID3D12VideoEncodeCommandList2_Close(ctx->command_list);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to close the command list(%lx)\n", (long)hr);
+        err = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    ID3D12CommandQueue_ExecuteCommandLists(ctx->command_queue, 1, (ID3D12CommandList **)&ctx->command_list);
+
+    err = d3d12va_sync_with_gpu(avctx);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    err = d3d12va_discard_command_allocator(avctx, command_allocator, ctx->sync_ctx.fence_value);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    return 0;
+
+fail:
+    D3D12_OBJECT_RELEASE(command_allocator);
+    return err;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_create_recon_frames(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    FFHWBaseEncodeContext *base_ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    AVD3D12VAFramesContext *hwctx;
+    enum AVPixelFormat recon_format;
+    int err;
+
+    err = ff_hw_base_get_recon_format(avctx, NULL, &recon_format);
+    if (err < 0)
+        return err;
+
+    base_ctx->recon_frames_ref = av_hwframe_ctx_alloc(base_ctx->device_ref);
+    if (!base_ctx->recon_frames_ref)
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+    base_ctx->recon_frames = (AVHWFramesContext *)base_ctx->recon_frames_ref->data;
+    hwctx = (AVD3D12VAFramesContext *)base_ctx->recon_frames->hwctx;
+
+    base_ctx->recon_frames->format    = AV_PIX_FMT_D3D12;
+    base_ctx->recon_frames->sw_format = recon_format;
+    base_ctx->recon_frames->width     = base_ctx->surface_width;
+    base_ctx->recon_frames->height    = base_ctx->surface_height;
+
+    hwctx->flags = D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_VIDEO_ENCODE_REFERENCE_ONLY |
+                   D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_DENY_SHADER_RESOURCE;
+
+    err = av_hwframe_ctx_init(base_ctx->recon_frames_ref);
+    if (err < 0) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to initialise reconstructed "
+               "frame context: %d.\n", err);
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static const FFHWEncodePictureOperation d3d12va_type = {
+    .alloc  = &d3d12va_encode_alloc,
+
+    .issue  = &d3d12va_encode_issue,
+
+    .output = &d3d12va_encode_output,
+
+    .free   = &d3d12va_encode_free,
+};
+
+int ff_d3d12va_encode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    FFHWBaseEncodeContext *base_ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext       *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_VIDEO_FEATURE_AREA_SUPPORT support = { 0 };
+    int err;
+    HRESULT hr;
+
+    err = ff_hw_base_encode_init(avctx);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    base_ctx->op = &d3d12va_type;
+
+    ctx->hwctx = base_ctx->device->hwctx;
+
+    ctx->resolution.Width  = base_ctx->input_frames->width;
+    ctx->resolution.Height = base_ctx->input_frames->height;
+
+    hr = ID3D12Device_QueryInterface(ctx->hwctx->device, &IID_ID3D12Device3, (void **)&ctx->device3);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ID3D12Device3 interface is not supported.\n");
+        err = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    hr = ID3D12Device3_QueryInterface(ctx->device3, &IID_ID3D12VideoDevice3, (void **)&ctx->video_device3);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "ID3D12VideoDevice3 interface is not supported.\n");
+        err = AVERROR_UNKNOWN;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if (FAILED(ID3D12VideoDevice3_CheckFeatureSupport(ctx->video_device3, D3D12_FEATURE_VIDEO_FEATURE_AREA_SUPPORT,
+                                                      &support, sizeof(support))) && !support.VideoEncodeSupport) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "D3D12 video device has no video encoder support.\n");
+        err = AVERROR(EINVAL);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    err = d3d12va_encode_set_profile(avctx);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    err = d3d12va_encode_init_rate_control(avctx);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    if (ctx->codec->get_encoder_caps) {
+        err = ctx->codec->get_encoder_caps(avctx);
+        if (err < 0)
+            goto fail;
+    }
+
+    err = d3d12va_encode_init_gop_structure(avctx);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    if (!(ctx->codec->flags & FF_HW_FLAG_SLICE_CONTROL) && avctx->slices > 0) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Multiple slices were requested "
+               "but this codec does not support controlling slices.\n");
+    }
+
+    err = d3d12va_encode_create_command_objects(avctx);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    err = d3d12va_encode_create_recon_frames(avctx);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    err = d3d12va_encode_prepare_output_buffers(avctx);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    if (ctx->codec->configure) {
+        err = ctx->codec->configure(avctx);
+        if (err < 0)
+            goto fail;
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->codec->init_sequence_params) {
+        err = ctx->codec->init_sequence_params(avctx);
+        if (err < 0) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Codec sequence initialisation "
+                   "failed: %d.\n", err);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->codec->set_level) {
+        err = ctx->codec->set_level(avctx);
+        if (err < 0)
+            goto fail;
+    }
+
+    base_ctx->output_delay = base_ctx->b_per_p;
+    base_ctx->decode_delay = base_ctx->max_b_depth;
+
+    err = d3d12va_create_encoder(avctx);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    err = d3d12va_create_encoder_heap(avctx);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    base_ctx->async_encode = 1;
+    base_ctx->encode_fifo = av_fifo_alloc2(base_ctx->async_depth,
+                                           sizeof(D3D12VAEncodePicture *), 0);
+    if (!base_ctx->encode_fifo)
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+    return 0;
+
+fail:
+    return err;
+}
+
+int ff_d3d12va_encode_close(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    int num_allocator = 0;
+    FFHWBaseEncodeContext *base_ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext       *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    FFHWBaseEncodePicture *pic, *next;
+    CommandAllocator allocator;
+
+    if (!base_ctx->frame)
+        return 0;
+
+    for (pic = base_ctx->pic_start; pic; pic = next) {
+        next = pic->next;
+        d3d12va_encode_free(avctx, pic);
+    }
+
+    d3d12va_encode_free_rc_params(avctx);
+
+    av_buffer_pool_uninit(&ctx->output_buffer_pool);
+
+    D3D12_OBJECT_RELEASE(ctx->command_list);
+    D3D12_OBJECT_RELEASE(ctx->command_queue);
+
+    if (ctx->allocator_queue) {
+        while (av_fifo_read(ctx->allocator_queue, &allocator, 1) >= 0) {
+            num_allocator++;
+            D3D12_OBJECT_RELEASE(allocator.command_allocator);
+        }
+
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "Total number of command allocators reused: %d\n", num_allocator);
+    }
+
+    av_fifo_freep2(&ctx->allocator_queue);
+
+    D3D12_OBJECT_RELEASE(ctx->sync_ctx.fence);
+    if (ctx->sync_ctx.event)
+        CloseHandle(ctx->sync_ctx.event);
+
+    D3D12_OBJECT_RELEASE(ctx->encoder_heap);
+    D3D12_OBJECT_RELEASE(ctx->encoder);
+    D3D12_OBJECT_RELEASE(ctx->video_device3);
+    D3D12_OBJECT_RELEASE(ctx->device3);
+
+    ff_hw_base_encode_close(avctx);
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libavcodec/d3d12va_encode.h b/libavcodec/d3d12va_encode.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f355261f66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libavcodec/d3d12va_encode.h
@@ -0,0 +1,334 @@
+/*
+ * Direct3D 12 HW acceleration video encoder
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 Intel Corporation
+ *
+ * This file is part of FFmpeg.
+ *
+ * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+#ifndef AVCODEC_D3D12VA_ENCODE_H
+#define AVCODEC_D3D12VA_ENCODE_H
+
+#include "libavutil/fifo.h"
+#include "libavutil/hwcontext.h"
+#include "libavutil/hwcontext_d3d12va_internal.h"
+#include "libavutil/hwcontext_d3d12va.h"
+#include "avcodec.h"
+#include "internal.h"
+#include "hwconfig.h"
+#include "hw_base_encode.h"
+
+struct D3D12VAEncodeType;
+
+extern const AVCodecHWConfigInternal *const ff_d3d12va_encode_hw_configs[];
+
+#define MAX_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE 4096
+#define D3D12VA_VIDEO_ENC_ASYNC_DEPTH 8
+
+typedef struct D3D12VAEncodePicture {
+    FFHWBaseEncodePicture base;
+
+    int             header_size;
+
+    AVD3D12VAFrame *input_surface;
+    AVD3D12VAFrame *recon_surface;
+
+    AVBufferRef    *output_buffer_ref;
+    ID3D12Resource *output_buffer;
+
+    ID3D12Resource *encoded_metadata;
+    ID3D12Resource *resolved_metadata;
+
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_PICTURE_CONTROL_CODEC_DATA pic_ctl;
+
+    int             fence_value;
+} D3D12VAEncodePicture;
+
+typedef struct D3D12VAEncodeProfile {
+    /**
+     * lavc profile value (AV_PROFILE_*).
+     */
+    int       av_profile;
+
+    /**
+     * Supported bit depth.
+     */
+    int       depth;
+
+    /**
+     * Number of components.
+     */
+    int       nb_components;
+
+    /**
+     * Chroma subsampling in width dimension.
+     */
+    int       log2_chroma_w;
+
+    /**
+     * Chroma subsampling in height dimension.
+     */
+    int       log2_chroma_h;
+
+    /**
+     * D3D12 profile value.
+     */
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_PROFILE_DESC d3d12_profile;
+} D3D12VAEncodeProfile;
+
+enum {
+    RC_MODE_AUTO,
+    RC_MODE_CQP,
+    RC_MODE_CBR,
+    RC_MODE_VBR,
+    RC_MODE_QVBR,
+    RC_MODE_MAX = RC_MODE_QVBR,
+};
+
+
+typedef struct D3D12VAEncodeRCMode {
+    /**
+     * Mode from above enum (RC_MODE_*).
+     */
+    int mode;
+
+    /**
+     * Name.
+     *
+     */
+    const char *name;
+
+    /**
+     * Uses bitrate parameters.
+     *
+     */
+    int bitrate;
+
+    /**
+     * Supports maxrate distinct from bitrate.
+     *
+     */
+    int maxrate;
+
+    /**
+     * Uses quality value.
+     *
+     */
+    int quality;
+
+    /**
+     * Supports HRD/VBV parameters.
+     *
+     */
+    int hrd;
+
+    /**
+     * D3D12 mode value.
+     */
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_MODE d3d12_mode;
+} D3D12VAEncodeRCMode;
+
+typedef struct D3D12VAEncodeContext {
+    FFHWBaseEncodeContext base;
+
+    /**
+     * Codec-specific hooks.
+     */
+    const struct D3D12VAEncodeType *codec;
+
+    /**
+     * Explicitly set RC mode (otherwise attempt to pick from
+     * available modes).
+     */
+    int explicit_rc_mode;
+
+    /**
+     * Explicitly-set QP, for use with the "qp" options.
+     * (Forces CQP mode when set, overriding everything else.)
+     */
+    int explicit_qp;
+
+    /**
+     * RC quality level - meaning depends on codec and RC mode.
+     * In CQP mode this sets the fixed quantiser value.
+     */
+    int rc_quality;
+
+    /**
+     * Chosen encoding profile details.
+     */
+    const D3D12VAEncodeProfile *profile;
+
+    AVD3D12VADeviceContext *hwctx;
+
+    /**
+     * ID3D12Device3 interface.
+     */
+    ID3D12Device3 *device3;
+
+    /**
+     * ID3D12VideoDevice3 interface.
+     */
+    ID3D12VideoDevice3 *video_device3;
+
+    /**
+     * Pool of (reusable) bitstream output buffers.
+     */
+    AVBufferPool *output_buffer_pool;
+
+    /**
+     * D3D12 video encoder.
+     */
+    AVBufferRef *encoder_ref;
+
+    ID3D12VideoEncoder *encoder;
+
+    /**
+     * D3D12 video encoder heap.
+     */
+    ID3D12VideoEncoderHeap *encoder_heap;
+
+    /**
+     * A cached queue for reusing the D3D12 command allocators.
+     *
+     * @see https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/direct3d12/recording-command-lists-and-bundles#id3d12commandallocator
+     */
+    AVFifo *allocator_queue;
+
+    /**
+     * D3D12 command queue.
+     */
+    ID3D12CommandQueue *command_queue;
+
+    /**
+     * D3D12 video encode command list.
+     */
+    ID3D12VideoEncodeCommandList2 *command_list;
+
+    /**
+     * The sync context used to sync command queue.
+     */
+    AVD3D12VASyncContext sync_ctx;
+
+    /**
+     * The bi_not_empty feature.
+     */
+    int bi_not_empty;
+
+    /**
+     * D3D12_FEATURE structures.
+     */
+    D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_VIDEO_ENCODER_RESOURCE_REQUIREMENTS req;
+
+    D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_VIDEO_ENCODER_RESOLUTION_SUPPORT_LIMITS res_limits;
+
+    /**
+     * D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER structures.
+     */
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_PICTURE_RESOLUTION_DESC resolution;
+
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION codec_conf;
+
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL rc;
+
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_SEQUENCE_GOP_STRUCTURE gop;
+
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVEL_SETTING level;
+} D3D12VAEncodeContext;
+
+typedef struct D3D12VAEncodeType {
+    /**
+     * List of supported profiles.
+     */
+   const D3D12VAEncodeProfile *profiles;
+
+    /**
+     * D3D12 codec name.
+     */
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC d3d12_codec;
+
+    /**
+     * Codec feature flags.
+     */
+    int flags;
+
+    /**
+     * Default quality for this codec - used as quantiser or RC quality
+     * factor depending on RC mode.
+     */
+    int default_quality;
+
+    /**
+     * Query codec configuration and determine encode parameters like
+     * block sizes for surface alignment and slices. If not set, assume
+     * that all blocks are 16x16 and that surfaces should be aligned to match
+     * this.
+     */
+    int (*get_encoder_caps)(AVCodecContext *avctx);
+
+    /**
+     * Perform any extra codec-specific configuration.
+     */
+    int (*configure)(AVCodecContext *avctx);
+
+    /**
+     * Set codec-specific level setting.
+     */
+    int (*set_level)(AVCodecContext *avctx);
+
+    /**
+     * The size of any private data structure associated with each
+     * picture (can be zero if not required).
+     */
+    size_t picture_priv_data_size;
+
+    /**
+     * Fill the corresponding parameters.
+     */
+    int (*init_sequence_params)(AVCodecContext *avctx);
+
+    int (*init_picture_params)(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                               D3D12VAEncodePicture *pic);
+
+    void (*free_picture_params)(D3D12VAEncodePicture *pic);
+
+    /**
+     * Write the packed header data to the provided buffer.
+     */
+    int (*write_sequence_header)(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                                 char *data, size_t *data_len);
+} D3D12VAEncodeType;
+
+int ff_d3d12va_encode_init(AVCodecContext *avctx);
+int ff_d3d12va_encode_close(AVCodecContext *avctx);
+
+#define D3D12VA_ENCODE_RC_MODE(name, desc) \
+    { #name, desc, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = RC_MODE_ ## name }, \
+      0, 0, FLAGS, .unit = "rc_mode" }
+#define D3D12VA_ENCODE_RC_OPTIONS \
+    { "rc_mode",\
+      "Set rate control mode", \
+      OFFSET(common.explicit_rc_mode), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, \
+      { .i64 = RC_MODE_AUTO }, RC_MODE_AUTO, RC_MODE_MAX, FLAGS, .unit = "rc_mode" }, \
+    { "auto", "Choose mode automatically based on other parameters", \
+      0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = RC_MODE_AUTO }, 0, 0, FLAGS, .unit = "rc_mode" }, \
+    D3D12VA_ENCODE_RC_MODE(CQP,  "Constant-quality"), \
+    D3D12VA_ENCODE_RC_MODE(CBR,  "Constant-bitrate"), \
+    D3D12VA_ENCODE_RC_MODE(VBR,  "Variable-bitrate"), \
+    D3D12VA_ENCODE_RC_MODE(QVBR, "Quality-defined variable-bitrate")
+
+#endif /* AVCODEC_D3D12VA_ENCODE_H */
diff --git a/libavcodec/d3d12va_encode_hevc.c b/libavcodec/d3d12va_encode_hevc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24823b3c56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libavcodec/d3d12va_encode_hevc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1007 @@
+/*
+ * Direct3D 12 HW acceleration video encoder
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 Intel Corporation
+ *
+ * This file is part of FFmpeg.
+ *
+ * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+#include "libavutil/opt.h"
+#include "libavutil/common.h"
+#include "libavutil/mem.h"
+#include "libavutil/pixdesc.h"
+#include "libavutil/hwcontext_d3d12va_internal.h"
+
+#include "avcodec.h"
+#include "cbs.h"
+#include "cbs_h265.h"
+#include "h2645data.h"
+#include "h265_profile_level.h"
+#include "codec_internal.h"
+#include "d3d12va_encode.h"
+
+typedef struct D3D12VAEncodeHEVCPicture {
+    int pic_order_cnt;
+    int64_t last_idr_frame;
+} D3D12VAEncodeHEVCPicture;
+
+typedef struct D3D12VAEncodeHEVCContext {
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext common;
+
+    // User options.
+    int qp;
+    int profile;
+    int tier;
+    int level;
+
+    // Writer structures.
+    H265RawVPS   raw_vps;
+    H265RawSPS   raw_sps;
+    H265RawPPS   raw_pps;
+
+    CodedBitstreamContext *cbc;
+    CodedBitstreamFragment current_access_unit;
+} D3D12VAEncodeHEVCContext;
+
+typedef struct D3D12VAEncodeHEVCLevel {
+    int level;
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVELS_HEVC d3d12_level;
+} D3D12VAEncodeHEVCLevel;
+
+static const D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT_HEVC hevc_config_support_sets[] =
+{
+    {
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT_HEVC_FLAG_NONE,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_CUSIZE_8x8,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_CUSIZE_32x32,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_TUSIZE_4x4,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_TUSIZE_32x32,
+        3,
+        3,
+    },
+    {
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT_HEVC_FLAG_NONE,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_CUSIZE_8x8,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_CUSIZE_32x32,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_TUSIZE_4x4,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_TUSIZE_32x32,
+        0,
+        0,
+    },
+    {
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT_HEVC_FLAG_NONE,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_CUSIZE_8x8,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_CUSIZE_32x32,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_TUSIZE_4x4,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_TUSIZE_32x32,
+        2,
+        2,
+    },
+    {
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT_HEVC_FLAG_NONE,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_CUSIZE_8x8,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_CUSIZE_64x64,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_TUSIZE_4x4,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_TUSIZE_32x32,
+        2,
+        2,
+    },
+    {
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT_HEVC_FLAG_NONE,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_CUSIZE_8x8,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_CUSIZE_64x64,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_TUSIZE_4x4,
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_TUSIZE_32x32,
+        4,
+        4,
+    },
+};
+
+static const D3D12VAEncodeHEVCLevel hevc_levels[] = {
+    { 30,  D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVELS_HEVC_1  },
+    { 60,  D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVELS_HEVC_2  },
+    { 63,  D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVELS_HEVC_21 },
+    { 90,  D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVELS_HEVC_3  },
+    { 93,  D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVELS_HEVC_31 },
+    { 120, D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVELS_HEVC_4  },
+    { 123, D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVELS_HEVC_41 },
+    { 150, D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVELS_HEVC_5  },
+    { 153, D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVELS_HEVC_51 },
+    { 156, D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVELS_HEVC_52 },
+    { 180, D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVELS_HEVC_6  },
+    { 183, D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVELS_HEVC_61 },
+    { 186, D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVELS_HEVC_62 },
+};
+
+static const D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_PROFILE_HEVC profile_main   = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_PROFILE_HEVC_MAIN;
+static const D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_PROFILE_HEVC profile_main10 = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_PROFILE_HEVC_MAIN10;
+
+#define D3D_PROFILE_DESC(name) \
+    { sizeof(D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_PROFILE_HEVC), { .pHEVCProfile = (D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_PROFILE_HEVC *)&profile_ ## name } }
+static const D3D12VAEncodeProfile d3d12va_encode_hevc_profiles[] = {
+    { AV_PROFILE_HEVC_MAIN,     8, 3, 1, 1, D3D_PROFILE_DESC(main)   },
+    { AV_PROFILE_HEVC_MAIN_10, 10, 3, 1, 1, D3D_PROFILE_DESC(main10) },
+    { AV_PROFILE_UNKNOWN },
+};
+
+static uint8_t d3d12va_encode_hevc_map_cusize(D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_CUSIZE cusize)
+{
+    switch (cusize) {
+        case D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_CUSIZE_8x8:   return 8;
+        case D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_CUSIZE_16x16: return 16;
+        case D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_CUSIZE_32x32: return 32;
+        case D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_CUSIZE_64x64: return 64;
+        default: av_assert0(0);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static uint8_t d3d12va_encode_hevc_map_tusize(D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_TUSIZE tusize)
+{
+    switch (tusize) {
+        case D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_TUSIZE_4x4:   return 4;
+        case D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_TUSIZE_8x8:   return 8;
+        case D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_TUSIZE_16x16: return 16;
+        case D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_TUSIZE_32x32: return 32;
+        default: av_assert0(0);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_hevc_write_access_unit(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                                                 char *data, size_t *data_len,
+                                                 CodedBitstreamFragment *au)
+{
+    D3D12VAEncodeHEVCContext *priv = avctx->priv_data;
+    int err;
+
+    err = ff_cbs_write_fragment_data(priv->cbc, au);
+    if (err < 0) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to write packed header.\n");
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    if (*data_len < 8 * au->data_size - au->data_bit_padding) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Access unit too large: "
+               "%zu < %zu.\n", *data_len,
+               8 * au->data_size - au->data_bit_padding);
+        return AVERROR(ENOSPC);
+    }
+
+    memcpy(data, au->data, au->data_size);
+    *data_len = 8 * au->data_size - au->data_bit_padding;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_hevc_add_nal(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                                       CodedBitstreamFragment *au,
+                                       void *nal_unit)
+{
+    H265RawNALUnitHeader *header = nal_unit;
+    int err;
+
+    err = ff_cbs_insert_unit_content(au, -1,
+                                     header->nal_unit_type, nal_unit, NULL);
+    if (err < 0) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to add NAL unit: "
+               "type = %d.\n", header->nal_unit_type);
+        return err;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_hevc_write_sequence_header(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                                                     char *data, size_t *data_len)
+{
+    D3D12VAEncodeHEVCContext *priv = avctx->priv_data;
+    CodedBitstreamFragment   *au   = &priv->current_access_unit;
+    int err;
+
+    err = d3d12va_encode_hevc_add_nal(avctx, au, &priv->raw_vps);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    err = d3d12va_encode_hevc_add_nal(avctx, au, &priv->raw_sps);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    err = d3d12va_encode_hevc_add_nal(avctx, au, &priv->raw_pps);
+    if (err < 0)
+        goto fail;
+
+    err = d3d12va_encode_hevc_write_access_unit(avctx, data, data_len, au);
+fail:
+    ff_cbs_fragment_reset(au);
+    return err;
+
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_hevc_init_sequence_params(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    FFHWBaseEncodeContext *base_ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext      *ctx  = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodeHEVCContext  *priv = avctx->priv_data;
+    AVD3D12VAFramesContext   *hwctx = base_ctx->input_frames->hwctx;
+    H265RawVPS                *vps  = &priv->raw_vps;
+    H265RawSPS                *sps  = &priv->raw_sps;
+    H265RawPPS                *pps  = &priv->raw_pps;
+    H265RawProfileTierLevel   *ptl  = &vps->profile_tier_level;
+    H265RawVUI                *vui  = &sps->vui;
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_PROFILE_HEVC profile = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_PROFILE_HEVC_MAIN;
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVEL_TIER_CONSTRAINTS_HEVC level = { 0 };
+    const AVPixFmtDescriptor *desc;
+    uint8_t min_cu_size, max_cu_size, min_tu_size, max_tu_size;
+    int chroma_format, bit_depth;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    int i;
+
+    D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_VIDEO_ENCODER_SUPPORT support = {
+        .NodeIndex                        = 0,
+        .Codec                            = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_HEVC,
+        .InputFormat                      = hwctx->format,
+        .RateControl                      = ctx->rc,
+        .IntraRefresh                     = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_INTRA_REFRESH_MODE_NONE,
+        .SubregionFrameEncoding           = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_FRAME_SUBREGION_LAYOUT_MODE_FULL_FRAME,
+        .ResolutionsListCount             = 1,
+        .pResolutionList                  = &ctx->resolution,
+        .CodecGopSequence                 = ctx->gop,
+        .MaxReferenceFramesInDPB          = MAX_DPB_SIZE - 1,
+        .CodecConfiguration               = ctx->codec_conf,
+        .SuggestedProfile.DataSize        = sizeof(D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_PROFILE_HEVC),
+        .SuggestedProfile.pHEVCProfile    = &profile,
+        .SuggestedLevel.DataSize          = sizeof(D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVEL_TIER_CONSTRAINTS_HEVC),
+        .SuggestedLevel.pHEVCLevelSetting = &level,
+        .pResolutionDependentSupport      = &ctx->res_limits,
+     };
+
+    hr = ID3D12VideoDevice3_CheckFeatureSupport(ctx->video_device3, D3D12_FEATURE_VIDEO_ENCODER_SUPPORT,
+                                                &support, sizeof(support));
+
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to check encoder support(%lx).\n", (long)hr);
+        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    if (!(support.SupportFlags & D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_SUPPORT_FLAG_GENERAL_SUPPORT_OK)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Driver does not support some request features. %#x\n",
+               support.ValidationFlags);
+        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    if (support.SupportFlags & D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_SUPPORT_FLAG_RECONSTRUCTED_FRAMES_REQUIRE_TEXTURE_ARRAYS) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "D3D12 video encode on this device requires texture array support, "
+               "but it's not implemented.\n");
+        return AVERROR_PATCHWELCOME;
+    }
+
+    memset(vps, 0, sizeof(*vps));
+    memset(sps, 0, sizeof(*sps));
+    memset(pps, 0, sizeof(*pps));
+
+    desc = av_pix_fmt_desc_get(base_ctx->input_frames->sw_format);
+    av_assert0(desc);
+    if (desc->nb_components == 1) {
+        chroma_format = 0;
+    } else {
+        if (desc->log2_chroma_w == 1 && desc->log2_chroma_h == 1) {
+            chroma_format = 1;
+        } else if (desc->log2_chroma_w == 1 && desc->log2_chroma_h == 0) {
+            chroma_format = 2;
+        } else if (desc->log2_chroma_w == 0 && desc->log2_chroma_h == 0) {
+            chroma_format = 3;
+        } else {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Chroma format of input pixel format "
+                   "%s is not supported.\n", desc->name);
+            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+        }
+    }
+    bit_depth = desc->comp[0].depth;
+
+    min_cu_size = d3d12va_encode_hevc_map_cusize(ctx->codec_conf.pHEVCConfig->MinLumaCodingUnitSize);
+    max_cu_size = d3d12va_encode_hevc_map_cusize(ctx->codec_conf.pHEVCConfig->MaxLumaCodingUnitSize);
+    min_tu_size = d3d12va_encode_hevc_map_tusize(ctx->codec_conf.pHEVCConfig->MinLumaTransformUnitSize);
+    max_tu_size = d3d12va_encode_hevc_map_tusize(ctx->codec_conf.pHEVCConfig->MaxLumaTransformUnitSize);
+
+    // VPS
+
+    vps->nal_unit_header = (H265RawNALUnitHeader) {
+        .nal_unit_type         = HEVC_NAL_VPS,
+        .nuh_layer_id          = 0,
+        .nuh_temporal_id_plus1 = 1,
+    };
+
+    vps->vps_video_parameter_set_id = 0;
+
+    vps->vps_base_layer_internal_flag  = 1;
+    vps->vps_base_layer_available_flag = 1;
+    vps->vps_max_layers_minus1         = 0;
+    vps->vps_max_sub_layers_minus1     = 0;
+    vps->vps_temporal_id_nesting_flag  = 1;
+
+    ptl->general_profile_space = 0;
+    ptl->general_profile_idc   = avctx->profile;
+    ptl->general_tier_flag     = priv->tier;
+
+    ptl->general_profile_compatibility_flag[ptl->general_profile_idc] = 1;
+
+    ptl->general_progressive_source_flag    = 1;
+    ptl->general_interlaced_source_flag     = 0;
+    ptl->general_non_packed_constraint_flag = 1;
+    ptl->general_frame_only_constraint_flag = 1;
+
+    ptl->general_max_14bit_constraint_flag = bit_depth <= 14;
+    ptl->general_max_12bit_constraint_flag = bit_depth <= 12;
+    ptl->general_max_10bit_constraint_flag = bit_depth <= 10;
+    ptl->general_max_8bit_constraint_flag  = bit_depth ==  8;
+
+    ptl->general_max_422chroma_constraint_flag  = chroma_format <= 2;
+    ptl->general_max_420chroma_constraint_flag  = chroma_format <= 1;
+    ptl->general_max_monochrome_constraint_flag = chroma_format == 0;
+
+    ptl->general_intra_constraint_flag = base_ctx->gop_size == 1;
+    ptl->general_one_picture_only_constraint_flag = 0;
+
+    ptl->general_lower_bit_rate_constraint_flag = 1;
+
+    if (avctx->level != FF_LEVEL_UNKNOWN) {
+        ptl->general_level_idc = avctx->level;
+    } else {
+        const H265LevelDescriptor *level;
+
+        level = ff_h265_guess_level(ptl, avctx->bit_rate,
+                                    base_ctx->surface_width, base_ctx->surface_height,
+                                    1, 1, 1, (base_ctx->b_per_p > 0) + 1);
+        if (level) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "Using level %s.\n", level->name);
+            ptl->general_level_idc = level->level_idc;
+        } else {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "Stream will not conform to "
+                   "any normal level; using level 8.5.\n");
+            ptl->general_level_idc = 255;
+            // The tier flag must be set in level 8.5.
+            ptl->general_tier_flag = 1;
+        }
+        avctx->level = ptl->general_level_idc;
+    }
+
+    vps->vps_sub_layer_ordering_info_present_flag = 0;
+    vps->vps_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[0]      = base_ctx->max_b_depth + 1;
+    vps->vps_max_num_reorder_pics[0]              = base_ctx->max_b_depth;
+    vps->vps_max_latency_increase_plus1[0]        = 0;
+
+    vps->vps_max_layer_id             = 0;
+    vps->vps_num_layer_sets_minus1    = 0;
+    vps->layer_id_included_flag[0][0] = 1;
+
+    vps->vps_timing_info_present_flag = 1;
+    if (avctx->framerate.num > 0 && avctx->framerate.den > 0) {
+        vps->vps_num_units_in_tick  = avctx->framerate.den;
+        vps->vps_time_scale         = avctx->framerate.num;
+        vps->vps_poc_proportional_to_timing_flag = 1;
+        vps->vps_num_ticks_poc_diff_one_minus1   = 0;
+    } else {
+        vps->vps_num_units_in_tick  = avctx->time_base.num;
+        vps->vps_time_scale         = avctx->time_base.den;
+        vps->vps_poc_proportional_to_timing_flag = 0;
+    }
+    vps->vps_num_hrd_parameters = 0;
+
+    // SPS
+
+    sps->nal_unit_header = (H265RawNALUnitHeader) {
+        .nal_unit_type         = HEVC_NAL_SPS,
+        .nuh_layer_id          = 0,
+        .nuh_temporal_id_plus1 = 1,
+    };
+
+    sps->sps_video_parameter_set_id = vps->vps_video_parameter_set_id;
+
+    sps->sps_max_sub_layers_minus1    = vps->vps_max_sub_layers_minus1;
+    sps->sps_temporal_id_nesting_flag = vps->vps_temporal_id_nesting_flag;
+
+    sps->profile_tier_level = vps->profile_tier_level;
+
+    sps->sps_seq_parameter_set_id = 0;
+
+    sps->chroma_format_idc          = chroma_format;
+    sps->separate_colour_plane_flag = 0;
+
+    av_assert0(ctx->res_limits.SubregionBlockPixelsSize % min_cu_size == 0);
+
+    sps->pic_width_in_luma_samples  = FFALIGN(base_ctx->surface_width,
+                                              ctx->res_limits.SubregionBlockPixelsSize);
+    sps->pic_height_in_luma_samples = FFALIGN(base_ctx->surface_height,
+                                              ctx->res_limits.SubregionBlockPixelsSize);
+
+    if (avctx->width  != sps->pic_width_in_luma_samples ||
+        avctx->height != sps->pic_height_in_luma_samples) {
+        sps->conformance_window_flag = 1;
+        sps->conf_win_left_offset   = 0;
+        sps->conf_win_right_offset  =
+            (sps->pic_width_in_luma_samples - avctx->width) >> desc->log2_chroma_w;
+        sps->conf_win_top_offset    = 0;
+        sps->conf_win_bottom_offset =
+            (sps->pic_height_in_luma_samples - avctx->height) >> desc->log2_chroma_h;
+    } else {
+        sps->conformance_window_flag = 0;
+    }
+
+    sps->bit_depth_luma_minus8   = bit_depth - 8;
+    sps->bit_depth_chroma_minus8 = bit_depth - 8;
+
+    sps->log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4 = ctx->gop.pHEVCGroupOfPictures->log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4;
+
+    sps->sps_sub_layer_ordering_info_present_flag =
+        vps->vps_sub_layer_ordering_info_present_flag;
+    for (i = 0; i <= sps->sps_max_sub_layers_minus1; i++) {
+        sps->sps_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[i] =
+            vps->vps_max_dec_pic_buffering_minus1[i];
+        sps->sps_max_num_reorder_pics[i] =
+            vps->vps_max_num_reorder_pics[i];
+        sps->sps_max_latency_increase_plus1[i] =
+            vps->vps_max_latency_increase_plus1[i];
+    }
+
+    sps->log2_min_luma_coding_block_size_minus3      = (uint8_t)(av_log2(min_cu_size) - 3);
+    sps->log2_diff_max_min_luma_coding_block_size    = (uint8_t)(av_log2(max_cu_size) - av_log2(min_cu_size));
+    sps->log2_min_luma_transform_block_size_minus2   = (uint8_t)(av_log2(min_tu_size) - 2);
+    sps->log2_diff_max_min_luma_transform_block_size = (uint8_t)(av_log2(max_tu_size) - av_log2(min_tu_size));
+
+    sps->max_transform_hierarchy_depth_inter = ctx->codec_conf.pHEVCConfig->max_transform_hierarchy_depth_inter;
+    sps->max_transform_hierarchy_depth_intra = ctx->codec_conf.pHEVCConfig->max_transform_hierarchy_depth_intra;
+
+    sps->amp_enabled_flag = !!(ctx->codec_conf.pHEVCConfig->ConfigurationFlags &
+                               D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_FLAG_USE_ASYMETRIC_MOTION_PARTITION);
+    sps->sample_adaptive_offset_enabled_flag = !!(ctx->codec_conf.pHEVCConfig->ConfigurationFlags &
+                                                  D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_FLAG_ENABLE_SAO_FILTER);
+    sps->sps_temporal_mvp_enabled_flag = 0;
+    sps->pcm_enabled_flag = 0;
+
+    sps->vui_parameters_present_flag = 1;
+
+    if (avctx->sample_aspect_ratio.num != 0 &&
+        avctx->sample_aspect_ratio.den != 0) {
+        int num, den, i;
+        av_reduce(&num, &den, avctx->sample_aspect_ratio.num,
+                  avctx->sample_aspect_ratio.den, 65535);
+        for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(ff_h2645_pixel_aspect); i++) {
+            if (num == ff_h2645_pixel_aspect[i].num &&
+                den == ff_h2645_pixel_aspect[i].den) {
+                vui->aspect_ratio_idc = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (i >= FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(ff_h2645_pixel_aspect)) {
+            vui->aspect_ratio_idc = 255;
+            vui->sar_width  = num;
+            vui->sar_height = den;
+        }
+        vui->aspect_ratio_info_present_flag = 1;
+    }
+
+    // Unspecified video format, from table E-2.
+    vui->video_format             = 5;
+    vui->video_full_range_flag    =
+        avctx->color_range == AVCOL_RANGE_JPEG;
+    vui->colour_primaries         = avctx->color_primaries;
+    vui->transfer_characteristics = avctx->color_trc;
+    vui->matrix_coefficients      = avctx->colorspace;
+    if (avctx->color_primaries != AVCOL_PRI_UNSPECIFIED ||
+        avctx->color_trc       != AVCOL_TRC_UNSPECIFIED ||
+        avctx->colorspace      != AVCOL_SPC_UNSPECIFIED)
+        vui->colour_description_present_flag = 1;
+    if (avctx->color_range     != AVCOL_RANGE_UNSPECIFIED ||
+        vui->colour_description_present_flag)
+        vui->video_signal_type_present_flag = 1;
+
+    if (avctx->chroma_sample_location != AVCHROMA_LOC_UNSPECIFIED) {
+        vui->chroma_loc_info_present_flag = 1;
+        vui->chroma_sample_loc_type_top_field    =
+        vui->chroma_sample_loc_type_bottom_field =
+            avctx->chroma_sample_location - 1;
+    }
+
+    vui->vui_timing_info_present_flag        = 1;
+    vui->vui_num_units_in_tick               = vps->vps_num_units_in_tick;
+    vui->vui_time_scale                      = vps->vps_time_scale;
+    vui->vui_poc_proportional_to_timing_flag = vps->vps_poc_proportional_to_timing_flag;
+    vui->vui_num_ticks_poc_diff_one_minus1   = vps->vps_num_ticks_poc_diff_one_minus1;
+    vui->vui_hrd_parameters_present_flag     = 0;
+
+    vui->bitstream_restriction_flag    = 1;
+    vui->motion_vectors_over_pic_boundaries_flag = 1;
+    vui->restricted_ref_pic_lists_flag = 1;
+    vui->max_bytes_per_pic_denom       = 0;
+    vui->max_bits_per_min_cu_denom     = 0;
+    vui->log2_max_mv_length_horizontal = 15;
+    vui->log2_max_mv_length_vertical   = 15;
+
+    // PPS
+
+    pps->nal_unit_header = (H265RawNALUnitHeader) {
+        .nal_unit_type         = HEVC_NAL_PPS,
+        .nuh_layer_id          = 0,
+        .nuh_temporal_id_plus1 = 1,
+    };
+
+    pps->pps_pic_parameter_set_id = 0;
+    pps->pps_seq_parameter_set_id = sps->sps_seq_parameter_set_id;
+
+    pps->cabac_init_present_flag = 1;
+
+    pps->num_ref_idx_l0_default_active_minus1 = 0;
+    pps->num_ref_idx_l1_default_active_minus1 = 0;
+
+    pps->init_qp_minus26 = 0;
+
+    pps->transform_skip_enabled_flag = !!(ctx->codec_conf.pHEVCConfig->ConfigurationFlags &
+                                          D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_FLAG_ENABLE_TRANSFORM_SKIPPING);
+
+    // cu_qp_delta always required to be 1 in https://github.com/microsoft/DirectX-Specs/blob/master/d3d/D3D12VideoEncoding.md
+    pps->cu_qp_delta_enabled_flag = 1;
+
+    pps->diff_cu_qp_delta_depth   = 0;
+
+    pps->pps_slice_chroma_qp_offsets_present_flag = 1;
+
+    pps->tiles_enabled_flag = 0; // no tiling in D3D12
+
+    pps->pps_loop_filter_across_slices_enabled_flag = !(ctx->codec_conf.pHEVCConfig->ConfigurationFlags &
+                                                        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_FLAG_DISABLE_LOOP_FILTER_ACROSS_SLICES);
+    pps->deblocking_filter_control_present_flag = 1;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_hevc_get_encoder_caps(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    int i;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    uint8_t min_cu_size, max_cu_size;
+    FFHWBaseEncodeContext *base_ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext     *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC *config;
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT_HEVC hevc_caps;
+
+    D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT codec_caps = {
+        .NodeIndex                   = 0,
+        .Codec                       = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_HEVC,
+        .Profile                     = ctx->profile->d3d12_profile,
+        .CodecSupportLimits.DataSize = sizeof(D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT_HEVC),
+    };
+
+    for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(hevc_config_support_sets); i++) {
+        hevc_caps = hevc_config_support_sets[i];
+        codec_caps.CodecSupportLimits.pHEVCSupport = &hevc_caps;
+        hr = ID3D12VideoDevice3_CheckFeatureSupport(ctx->video_device3, D3D12_FEATURE_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT,
+                                                    &codec_caps, sizeof(codec_caps));
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && codec_caps.IsSupported)
+            break;
+    }
+
+    if (i == FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(hevc_config_support_sets)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unsupported codec configuration\n");
+        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    ctx->codec_conf.DataSize = sizeof(D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC);
+    ctx->codec_conf.pHEVCConfig = av_mallocz(ctx->codec_conf.DataSize);
+    if (!ctx->codec_conf.pHEVCConfig)
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+    config = ctx->codec_conf.pHEVCConfig;
+
+    config->ConfigurationFlags                  = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_FLAG_NONE;
+    config->MinLumaCodingUnitSize               = hevc_caps.MinLumaCodingUnitSize;
+    config->MaxLumaCodingUnitSize               = hevc_caps.MaxLumaCodingUnitSize;
+    config->MinLumaTransformUnitSize            = hevc_caps.MinLumaTransformUnitSize;
+    config->MaxLumaTransformUnitSize            = hevc_caps.MaxLumaTransformUnitSize;
+    config->max_transform_hierarchy_depth_inter = hevc_caps.max_transform_hierarchy_depth_inter;
+    config->max_transform_hierarchy_depth_intra = hevc_caps.max_transform_hierarchy_depth_intra;
+
+    if (hevc_caps.SupportFlags & D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT_HEVC_FLAG_ASYMETRIC_MOTION_PARTITION_SUPPORT ||
+        hevc_caps.SupportFlags & D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT_HEVC_FLAG_ASYMETRIC_MOTION_PARTITION_REQUIRED)
+        config->ConfigurationFlags |= D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_FLAG_USE_ASYMETRIC_MOTION_PARTITION;
+
+    if (hevc_caps.SupportFlags & D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT_HEVC_FLAG_SAO_FILTER_SUPPORT)
+        config->ConfigurationFlags |= D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_FLAG_ENABLE_SAO_FILTER;
+
+    if (hevc_caps.SupportFlags & D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT_HEVC_FLAG_DISABLING_LOOP_FILTER_ACROSS_SLICES_SUPPORT)
+        config->ConfigurationFlags |= D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_FLAG_DISABLE_LOOP_FILTER_ACROSS_SLICES;
+
+    if (hevc_caps.SupportFlags & D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT_HEVC_FLAG_TRANSFORM_SKIP_SUPPORT)
+        config->ConfigurationFlags |= D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_HEVC_FLAG_ENABLE_TRANSFORM_SKIPPING;
+
+    if (hevc_caps.SupportFlags & D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_CONFIGURATION_SUPPORT_HEVC_FLAG_P_FRAMES_IMPLEMENTED_AS_LOW_DELAY_B_FRAMES)
+        ctx->bi_not_empty = 1;
+
+    // block sizes
+    min_cu_size = d3d12va_encode_hevc_map_cusize(hevc_caps.MinLumaCodingUnitSize);
+    max_cu_size = d3d12va_encode_hevc_map_cusize(hevc_caps.MaxLumaCodingUnitSize);
+
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "Using CTU size %dx%d, "
+           "min CB size %dx%d.\n", max_cu_size, max_cu_size,
+           min_cu_size, min_cu_size);
+
+    base_ctx->surface_width  = FFALIGN(avctx->width,  min_cu_size);
+    base_ctx->surface_height = FFALIGN(avctx->height, min_cu_size);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_hevc_configure(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    FFHWBaseEncodeContext  *base_ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext      *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodeHEVCContext *priv = avctx->priv_data;
+    int fixed_qp_idr, fixed_qp_p, fixed_qp_b;
+    int err;
+
+    err = ff_cbs_init(&priv->cbc, AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC, avctx);
+    if (err < 0)
+        return err;
+
+    // Rate control
+    if (ctx->rc.Mode == D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_MODE_CQP) {
+        D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_CQP *cqp_ctl;
+        fixed_qp_p = av_clip(ctx->rc_quality, 1, 51);
+        if (avctx->i_quant_factor > 0.0)
+            fixed_qp_idr = av_clip((avctx->i_quant_factor * fixed_qp_p +
+                                    avctx->i_quant_offset) + 0.5, 1, 51);
+        else
+            fixed_qp_idr = fixed_qp_p;
+        if (avctx->b_quant_factor > 0.0)
+            fixed_qp_b = av_clip((avctx->b_quant_factor * fixed_qp_p +
+                                  avctx->b_quant_offset) + 0.5, 1, 51);
+        else
+            fixed_qp_b = fixed_qp_p;
+
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Using fixed QP = "
+               "%d / %d / %d for IDR- / P- / B-frames.\n",
+               fixed_qp_idr, fixed_qp_p, fixed_qp_b);
+
+        ctx->rc.ConfigParams.DataSize = sizeof(D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_RATE_CONTROL_CQP);
+        cqp_ctl = av_mallocz(ctx->rc.ConfigParams.DataSize);
+        if (!cqp_ctl)
+            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+        cqp_ctl->ConstantQP_FullIntracodedFrame                  = fixed_qp_idr;
+        cqp_ctl->ConstantQP_InterPredictedFrame_PrevRefOnly      = fixed_qp_p;
+        cqp_ctl->ConstantQP_InterPredictedFrame_BiDirectionalRef = fixed_qp_b;
+
+        ctx->rc.ConfigParams.pConfiguration_CQP = cqp_ctl;
+    }
+
+    // GOP
+    ctx->gop.DataSize = sizeof(D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_SEQUENCE_GOP_STRUCTURE_HEVC);
+    ctx->gop.pHEVCGroupOfPictures = av_mallocz(ctx->gop.DataSize);
+    if (!ctx->gop.pHEVCGroupOfPictures)
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+    ctx->gop.pHEVCGroupOfPictures->GOPLength      = base_ctx->gop_size;
+    ctx->gop.pHEVCGroupOfPictures->PPicturePeriod = base_ctx->b_per_p + 1;
+    // Power of 2
+    if (base_ctx->gop_size & base_ctx->gop_size - 1 == 0)
+        ctx->gop.pHEVCGroupOfPictures->log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4 =
+            FFMAX(av_log2(base_ctx->gop_size) - 4, 0);
+    else
+        ctx->gop.pHEVCGroupOfPictures->log2_max_pic_order_cnt_lsb_minus4 =
+            FFMAX(av_log2(base_ctx->gop_size) - 3, 0);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_hevc_set_level(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext      *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodeHEVCContext *priv = avctx->priv_data;
+    int i;
+
+    ctx->level.DataSize = sizeof(D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_LEVEL_TIER_CONSTRAINTS_HEVC);
+    ctx->level.pHEVCLevelSetting = av_mallocz(ctx->level.DataSize);
+    if (!ctx->level.pHEVCLevelSetting)
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(hevc_levels); i++) {
+        if (avctx->level == hevc_levels[i].level) {
+            ctx->level.pHEVCLevelSetting->Level = hevc_levels[i].d3d12_level;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (i == FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(hevc_levels)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid level %d.\n", avctx->level);
+        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    ctx->level.pHEVCLevelSetting->Tier = priv->raw_vps.profile_tier_level.general_tier_flag == 0 ?
+                                         D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_TIER_HEVC_MAIN :
+                                         D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_TIER_HEVC_HIGH;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void d3d12va_encode_hevc_free_picture_params(D3D12VAEncodePicture *pic)
+{
+    if (!pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData)
+        return;
+
+    av_freep(&pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData->pList0ReferenceFrames);
+    av_freep(&pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData->pList1ReferenceFrames);
+    av_freep(&pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData->pReferenceFramesReconPictureDescriptors);
+    av_freep(&pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData);
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_hevc_init_picture_params(AVCodecContext *avctx,
+                                                   D3D12VAEncodePicture *pic)
+{
+    FFHWBaseEncodePicture                           *base_pic = &pic->base;
+    D3D12VAEncodeHEVCPicture                            *hpic = base_pic->priv_data;
+    FFHWBaseEncodePicture                               *prev = base_pic->prev;
+    D3D12VAEncodeHEVCPicture                           *hprev = prev ? prev->priv_data : NULL;
+    D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_REFERENCE_PICTURE_DESCRIPTOR_HEVC *pd = NULL;
+    UINT                                           *ref_list0 = NULL, *ref_list1 = NULL;
+    int i, idx = 0;
+
+    pic->pic_ctl.DataSize = sizeof(D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_PICTURE_CONTROL_CODEC_DATA_HEVC);
+    pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData = av_mallocz(pic->pic_ctl.DataSize);
+    if (!pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData)
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+    if (base_pic->type == FF_HW_PICTURE_TYPE_IDR) {
+        av_assert0(base_pic->display_order == base_pic->encode_order);
+        hpic->last_idr_frame = base_pic->display_order;
+    } else {
+        av_assert0(prev);
+        hpic->last_idr_frame = hprev->last_idr_frame;
+    }
+    hpic->pic_order_cnt = base_pic->display_order - hpic->last_idr_frame;
+
+    switch(base_pic->type) {
+        case FF_HW_PICTURE_TYPE_IDR:
+            pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData->FrameType = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_FRAME_TYPE_HEVC_IDR_FRAME;
+            break;
+        case FF_HW_PICTURE_TYPE_I:
+            pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData->FrameType = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_FRAME_TYPE_HEVC_I_FRAME;
+            break;
+        case FF_HW_PICTURE_TYPE_P:
+            pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData->FrameType = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_FRAME_TYPE_HEVC_P_FRAME;
+            break;
+        case FF_HW_PICTURE_TYPE_B:
+            pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData->FrameType = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_FRAME_TYPE_HEVC_B_FRAME;
+            break;
+        default:
+            av_assert0(0 && "invalid picture type");
+    }
+
+    pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData->slice_pic_parameter_set_id = 0;
+    pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData->PictureOrderCountNumber    = hpic->pic_order_cnt;
+
+    if (base_pic->type == FF_HW_PICTURE_TYPE_P || base_pic->type == FF_HW_PICTURE_TYPE_B) {
+        pd = av_calloc(MAX_PICTURE_REFERENCES, sizeof(*pd));
+        if (!pd)
+            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+        ref_list0 = av_calloc(MAX_PICTURE_REFERENCES, sizeof(*ref_list0));
+        if (!ref_list0)
+            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+        pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData->List0ReferenceFramesCount = base_pic->nb_refs[0];
+        for (i = 0; i < base_pic->nb_refs[0]; i++) {
+            FFHWBaseEncodePicture *ref = base_pic->refs[0][i];
+            D3D12VAEncodeHEVCPicture *href;
+
+            av_assert0(ref && ref->encode_order < base_pic->encode_order);
+            href = ref->priv_data;
+
+            ref_list0[i] = idx;
+            pd[idx].ReconstructedPictureResourceIndex = idx;
+            pd[idx].IsRefUsedByCurrentPic = TRUE;
+            pd[idx].PictureOrderCountNumber = href->pic_order_cnt;
+            idx++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (base_pic->type == FF_HW_PICTURE_TYPE_B) {
+        ref_list1 = av_calloc(MAX_PICTURE_REFERENCES, sizeof(*ref_list1));
+        if (!ref_list1)
+            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+        pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData->List1ReferenceFramesCount = base_pic->nb_refs[1];
+        for (i = 0; i < base_pic->nb_refs[1]; i++) {
+            FFHWBaseEncodePicture *ref = base_pic->refs[1][i];
+            D3D12VAEncodeHEVCPicture *href;
+
+            av_assert0(ref && ref->encode_order < base_pic->encode_order);
+            href = ref->priv_data;
+
+            ref_list1[i] = idx;
+            pd[idx].ReconstructedPictureResourceIndex = idx;
+            pd[idx].IsRefUsedByCurrentPic = TRUE;
+            pd[idx].PictureOrderCountNumber = href->pic_order_cnt;
+            idx++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData->pList0ReferenceFrames = ref_list0;
+    pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData->pList1ReferenceFrames = ref_list1;
+    pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData->ReferenceFramesReconPictureDescriptorsCount = idx;
+    pic->pic_ctl.pHEVCPicData->pReferenceFramesReconPictureDescriptors = pd;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static const D3D12VAEncodeType d3d12va_encode_type_hevc = {
+    .profiles               = d3d12va_encode_hevc_profiles,
+
+    .d3d12_codec            = D3D12_VIDEO_ENCODER_CODEC_HEVC,
+
+    .flags                  = FF_HW_FLAG_B_PICTURES |
+                              FF_HW_FLAG_B_PICTURE_REFERENCES |
+                              FF_HW_FLAG_NON_IDR_KEY_PICTURES,
+
+    .default_quality        = 25,
+
+    .get_encoder_caps       = &d3d12va_encode_hevc_get_encoder_caps,
+
+    .configure              = &d3d12va_encode_hevc_configure,
+
+    .set_level              = &d3d12va_encode_hevc_set_level,
+
+    .picture_priv_data_size = sizeof(D3D12VAEncodeHEVCPicture),
+
+    .init_sequence_params   = &d3d12va_encode_hevc_init_sequence_params,
+
+    .init_picture_params    = &d3d12va_encode_hevc_init_picture_params,
+
+    .free_picture_params    = &d3d12va_encode_hevc_free_picture_params,
+
+    .write_sequence_header  = &d3d12va_encode_hevc_write_sequence_header,
+};
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_hevc_init(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    D3D12VAEncodeContext      *ctx = avctx->priv_data;
+    D3D12VAEncodeHEVCContext *priv = avctx->priv_data;
+
+    ctx->codec = &d3d12va_encode_type_hevc;
+
+    if (avctx->profile == AV_PROFILE_UNKNOWN)
+        avctx->profile = priv->profile;
+    if (avctx->level == FF_LEVEL_UNKNOWN)
+        avctx->level = priv->level;
+
+    if (avctx->level != FF_LEVEL_UNKNOWN && avctx->level & ~0xff) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid level %d: must fit "
+               "in 8-bit unsigned integer.\n", avctx->level);
+        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    if (priv->qp > 0)
+        ctx->explicit_qp = priv->qp;
+
+    return ff_d3d12va_encode_init(avctx);
+}
+
+static int d3d12va_encode_hevc_close(AVCodecContext *avctx)
+{
+    D3D12VAEncodeHEVCContext *priv = avctx->priv_data;
+
+    ff_cbs_fragment_free(&priv->current_access_unit);
+    ff_cbs_close(&priv->cbc);
+
+    av_freep(&priv->common.codec_conf.pHEVCConfig);
+    av_freep(&priv->common.gop.pHEVCGroupOfPictures);
+    av_freep(&priv->common.level.pHEVCLevelSetting);
+
+    return ff_d3d12va_encode_close(avctx);
+}
+
+#define OFFSET(x) offsetof(D3D12VAEncodeHEVCContext, x)
+#define FLAGS (AV_OPT_FLAG_VIDEO_PARAM | AV_OPT_FLAG_ENCODING_PARAM)
+static const AVOption d3d12va_encode_hevc_options[] = {
+    HW_BASE_ENCODE_COMMON_OPTIONS,
+    D3D12VA_ENCODE_RC_OPTIONS,
+
+    { "qp", "Constant QP (for P-frames; scaled by qfactor/qoffset for I/B)",
+      OFFSET(qp), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 0 }, 0, 52, FLAGS },
+
+    { "profile", "Set profile (general_profile_idc)",
+      OFFSET(profile), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,
+      { .i64 = AV_PROFILE_UNKNOWN }, AV_PROFILE_UNKNOWN, 0xff, FLAGS, "profile" },
+
+#define PROFILE(name, value)  name, NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, \
+      { .i64 = value }, 0, 0, FLAGS, "profile"
+    { PROFILE("main",               AV_PROFILE_HEVC_MAIN) },
+    { PROFILE("main10",             AV_PROFILE_HEVC_MAIN_10) },
+#undef PROFILE
+
+    { "tier", "Set tier (general_tier_flag)",
+      OFFSET(tier), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,
+      { .i64 = 0 }, 0, 1, FLAGS, "tier" },
+    { "main", NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST,
+      { .i64 = 0 }, 0, 0, FLAGS, "tier" },
+    { "high", NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST,
+      { .i64 = 1 }, 0, 0, FLAGS, "tier" },
+
+    { "level", "Set level (general_level_idc)",
+      OFFSET(level), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,
+      { .i64 = FF_LEVEL_UNKNOWN }, FF_LEVEL_UNKNOWN, 0xff, FLAGS, "level" },
+
+#define LEVEL(name, value) name, NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, \
+      { .i64 = value }, 0, 0, FLAGS, "level"
+    { LEVEL("1",    30) },
+    { LEVEL("2",    60) },
+    { LEVEL("2.1",  63) },
+    { LEVEL("3",    90) },
+    { LEVEL("3.1",  93) },
+    { LEVEL("4",   120) },
+    { LEVEL("4.1", 123) },
+    { LEVEL("5",   150) },
+    { LEVEL("5.1", 153) },
+    { LEVEL("5.2", 156) },
+    { LEVEL("6",   180) },
+    { LEVEL("6.1", 183) },
+    { LEVEL("6.2", 186) },
+#undef LEVEL
+
+    { NULL },
+};
+
+static const FFCodecDefault d3d12va_encode_hevc_defaults[] = {
+    { "b",              "0"   },
+    { "bf",             "2"   },
+    { "g",              "120" },
+    { "i_qfactor",      "1"   },
+    { "i_qoffset",      "0"   },
+    { "b_qfactor",      "1"   },
+    { "b_qoffset",      "0"   },
+    { "qmin",           "-1"  },
+    { "qmax",           "-1"  },
+    { NULL },
+};
+
+static const AVClass d3d12va_encode_hevc_class = {
+    .class_name = "hevc_d3d12va",
+    .item_name  = av_default_item_name,
+    .option     = d3d12va_encode_hevc_options,
+    .version    = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
+};
+
+const FFCodec ff_hevc_d3d12va_encoder = {
+    .p.name         = "hevc_d3d12va",
+    CODEC_LONG_NAME("D3D12VA hevc encoder"),
+    .p.type         = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO,
+    .p.id           = AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC,
+    .priv_data_size = sizeof(D3D12VAEncodeHEVCContext),
+    .init           = &d3d12va_encode_hevc_init,
+    FF_CODEC_RECEIVE_PACKET_CB(&ff_hw_base_encode_receive_packet),
+    .close          = &d3d12va_encode_hevc_close,
+    .p.priv_class   = &d3d12va_encode_hevc_class,
+    .p.capabilities = AV_CODEC_CAP_DELAY | AV_CODEC_CAP_HARDWARE |
+                      AV_CODEC_CAP_DR1 | AV_CODEC_CAP_ENCODER_REORDERED_OPAQUE,
+    .caps_internal  = FF_CODEC_CAP_NOT_INIT_THREADSAFE |
+                      FF_CODEC_CAP_INIT_CLEANUP,
+    .defaults       = d3d12va_encode_hevc_defaults,
+    .p.pix_fmts = (const enum AVPixelFormat[]) {
+        AV_PIX_FMT_D3D12,
+        AV_PIX_FMT_NONE,
+    },
+    .hw_configs     = ff_d3d12va_encode_hw_configs,
+    .p.wrapper_name = "d3d12va",
+};