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yarl
====
The module provides handy URL class for URL parsing and changing.
.. image:: https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/workflows/CI/badge.svg
:target: https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/actions?query=workflow%3ACI
:align: right
.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/aio-libs/yarl/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
:target: https://codecov.io/gh/aio-libs/yarl
.. image:: https://badge.fury.io/py/yarl.svg
:target: https://badge.fury.io/py/yarl
.. image:: https://readthedocs.org/projects/yarl/badge/?version=latest
:target: https://yarl.aio-libs.org
.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/yarl.svg
:target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/yarl
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:target: https://matrix.to/#/%23aio-libs-space:matrix.org
:alt: Matrix Space — #aio-libs-space:matrix.org
Introduction
------------
Url is constructed from ``str``:
.. code-block:: pycon
>>> from yarl import URL
>>> url = URL('https://www.python.org/~guido?arg=1#frag')
>>> url
URL('https://www.python.org/~guido?arg=1#frag')
All url parts: *scheme*, *user*, *password*, *host*, *port*, *path*,
*query* and *fragment* are accessible by properties:
.. code-block:: pycon
>>> url.scheme
'https'
>>> url.host
'www.python.org'
>>> url.path
'/~guido'
>>> url.query_string
'arg=1'
>>> url.query
<MultiDictProxy('arg': '1')>
>>> url.fragment
'frag'
All url manipulations produce a new url object:
.. code-block:: pycon
>>> url = URL('https://www.python.org')
>>> url / 'foo' / 'bar'
URL('https://www.python.org/foo/bar')
>>> url / 'foo' % {'bar': 'baz'}
URL('https://www.python.org/foo?bar=baz')
Strings passed to constructor and modification methods are
automatically encoded giving canonical representation as result:
.. code-block:: pycon
>>> url = URL('https://www.python.org/шлях')
>>> url
URL('https://www.python.org/%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85')
Regular properties are *percent-decoded*, use ``raw_`` versions for
getting *encoded* strings:
.. code-block:: pycon
>>> url.path
'/шлях'
>>> url.raw_path
'/%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85'
Human readable representation of URL is available as ``.human_repr()``:
.. code-block:: pycon
>>> url.human_repr()
'https://www.python.org/шлях'
For full documentation please read https://yarl.aio-libs.org.
Installation
------------
::
$ pip install yarl
The library is Python 3 only!
PyPI contains binary wheels for Linux, Windows and MacOS. If you want to install
``yarl`` on another operating system (like *Alpine Linux*, which is not
manylinux-compliant because of the missing glibc and therefore, cannot be
used with our wheels) the the tarball will be used to compile the library from
the source code. It requires a C compiler and and Python headers installed.
To skip the compilation you must explicitly opt-in by using a PEP 517
configuration setting ``pure-python``, or setting the ``YARL_NO_EXTENSIONS``
environment variable to a non-empty value, e.g.:
.. code-block:: console
$ pip install yarl --config-settings=pure-python=false
Please note that the pure-Python (uncompiled) version is much slower. However,
PyPy always uses a pure-Python implementation, and, as such, it is unaffected
by this variable.
Dependencies
------------
YARL requires multidict_ library.
API documentation
------------------
The documentation is located at https://yarl.aio-libs.org.
Why isn't boolean supported by the URL query API?
-------------------------------------------------
There is no standard for boolean representation of boolean values.
Some systems prefer ``true``/``false``, others like ``yes``/``no``, ``on``/``off``,
``Y``/``N``, ``1``/``0``, etc.
``yarl`` cannot make an unambiguous decision on how to serialize ``bool`` values because
it is specific to how the end-user's application is built and would be different for
different apps. The library doesn't accept booleans in the API; a user should convert
bools into strings using own preferred translation protocol.
Comparison with other URL libraries
------------------------------------
* furl (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/furl)
The library has rich functionality but the ``furl`` object is mutable.
I'm afraid to pass this object into foreign code: who knows if the
code will modify my url in a terrible way while I just want to send URL
with handy helpers for accessing URL properties.
``furl`` has other non-obvious tricky things but the main objection
is mutability.
* URLObject (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/URLObject)
URLObject is immutable, that's pretty good.
Every URL change generates a new URL object.
But the library doesn't do any decode/encode transformations leaving the
end user to cope with these gory details.
Source code
-----------
The project is hosted on GitHub_
Please file an issue on the `bug tracker
<https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues>`_ if you have found a bug
or have some suggestion in order to improve the library.
The library uses `Azure Pipelines <https://dev.azure.com/aio-libs/yarl>`_ for
Continuous Integration.
Discussion list
---------------
*aio-libs* google group: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/aio-libs
Feel free to post your questions and ideas here.
Authors and License
-------------------
The ``yarl`` package is written by Andrew Svetlov.
It's *Apache 2* licensed and freely available.
.. _GitHub: https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl
.. _multidict: https://github.com/aio-libs/multidict
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