path: root/contrib/python/Werkzeug/py3/werkzeug/serving.py

"""A WSGI and HTTP server for use **during development only**. This
server is convenient to use, but is not designed to be particularly
stable, secure, or efficient. Use a dedicate WSGI server and HTTP
server when deploying to production.

It provides features like interactive debugging and code reloading. Use
``run_simple`` to start the server. Put this in a ``run.py`` script:

.. code-block:: python

    from myapp import create_app
    from werkzeug import run_simple
"""
import io
import os
import platform
import signal
import socket
import socketserver
import sys
import typing as t
import warnings
from datetime import datetime as dt
from datetime import timedelta
from datetime import timezone
from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
from http.server import HTTPServer

from ._internal import _log
from ._internal import _wsgi_encoding_dance
from .exceptions import InternalServerError
from .urls import uri_to_iri
from .urls import url_parse
from .urls import url_unquote

try:
    import ssl
except ImportError:

    class _SslDummy:
        def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
            raise RuntimeError(  # noqa: B904
                "SSL is unavailable because this Python runtime was not"
                " compiled with SSL/TLS support."
            )

    ssl = _SslDummy()  # type: ignore

_log_add_style = True

if os.name == "nt":
    try:
        __import__("colorama")
    except ImportError:
        _log_add_style = False

can_fork = hasattr(os, "fork")

if can_fork:
    ForkingMixIn = socketserver.ForkingMixIn
else:

    class ForkingMixIn:  # type: ignore
        pass


try:
    af_unix = socket.AF_UNIX
except AttributeError:
    af_unix = None  # type: ignore

LISTEN_QUEUE = 128
can_open_by_fd = not platform.system() == "Windows" and hasattr(socket, "fromfd")

_TSSLContextArg = t.Optional[
    t.Union["ssl.SSLContext", t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str]], "te.Literal['adhoc']"]
]

if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
    import typing_extensions as te  # noqa: F401
    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
    from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.rsa import (
        RSAPrivateKeyWithSerialization,
    )
    from cryptography.x509 import Certificate


class DechunkedInput(io.RawIOBase):
    """An input stream that handles Transfer-Encoding 'chunked'"""

    def __init__(self, rfile: t.IO[bytes]) -> None:
        self._rfile = rfile
        self._done = False
        self._len = 0

    def readable(self) -> bool:
        return True

    def read_chunk_len(self) -> int:
        try:
            line = self._rfile.readline().decode("latin1")
            _len = int(line.strip(), 16)
        except ValueError as e:
            raise OSError("Invalid chunk header") from e
        if _len < 0:
            raise OSError("Negative chunk length not allowed")
        return _len

    def readinto(self, buf: bytearray) -> int:  # type: ignore
        read = 0
        while not self._done and read < len(buf):
            if self._len == 0:
                # This is the first chunk or we fully consumed the previous
                # one. Read the next length of the next chunk
                self._len = self.read_chunk_len()

            if self._len == 0:
                # Found the final chunk of size 0. The stream is now exhausted,
                # but there is still a final newline that should be consumed
                self._done = True

            if self._len > 0:
                # There is data (left) in this chunk, so append it to the
                # buffer. If this operation fully consumes the chunk, this will
                # reset self._len to 0.
                n = min(len(buf), self._len)

                # If (read + chunk size) becomes more than len(buf), buf will
                # grow beyond the original size and read more data than
                # required. So only read as much data as can fit in buf.
                if read + n > len(buf):
                    buf[read:] = self._rfile.read(len(buf) - read)
                    self._len -= len(buf) - read
                    read = len(buf)
                else:
                    buf[read : read + n] = self._rfile.read(n)
                    self._len -= n
                    read += n

            if self._len == 0:
                # Skip the terminating newline of a chunk that has been fully
                # consumed. This also applies to the 0-sized final chunk
                terminator = self._rfile.readline()
                if terminator not in (b"\n", b"\r\n", b"\r"):
                    raise OSError("Missing chunk terminating newline")

        return read


class WSGIRequestHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    """A request handler that implements WSGI dispatching."""

    server: "BaseWSGIServer"

    @property
    def server_version(self) -> str:  # type: ignore
        from . import __version__

        return f"Werkzeug/{__version__}"

    def make_environ(self) -> "WSGIEnvironment":
        request_url = url_parse(self.path)

        def shutdown_server() -> None:
            warnings.warn(
                "The 'environ['werkzeug.server.shutdown']' function is"
                " deprecated and will be removed in Werkzeug 2.1.",
                stacklevel=2,
            )
            self.server.shutdown_signal = True

        url_scheme = "http" if self.server.ssl_context is None else "https"

        if not self.client_address:
            self.client_address = ("<local>", 0)
        elif isinstance(self.client_address, str):
            self.client_address = (self.client_address, 0)

        # If there was no scheme but the path started with two slashes,
        # the first segment may have been incorrectly parsed as the
        # netloc, prepend it to the path again.
        if not request_url.scheme and request_url.netloc:
            path_info = f"/{request_url.netloc}{request_url.path}"
        else:
            path_info = request_url.path

        path_info = url_unquote(path_info)

        environ: "WSGIEnvironment" = {
            "wsgi.version": (1, 0),
            "wsgi.url_scheme": url_scheme,
            "wsgi.input": self.rfile,
            "wsgi.errors": sys.stderr,
            "wsgi.multithread": self.server.multithread,
            "wsgi.multiprocess": self.server.multiprocess,
            "wsgi.run_once": False,
            "werkzeug.server.shutdown": shutdown_server,
            "werkzeug.socket": self.connection,
            "SERVER_SOFTWARE": self.server_version,
            "REQUEST_METHOD": self.command,
            "SCRIPT_NAME": "",
            "PATH_INFO": _wsgi_encoding_dance(path_info),
            "QUERY_STRING": _wsgi_encoding_dance(request_url.query),
            # Non-standard, added by mod_wsgi, uWSGI
            "REQUEST_URI": _wsgi_encoding_dance(self.path),
            # Non-standard, added by gunicorn
            "RAW_URI": _wsgi_encoding_dance(self.path),
            "REMOTE_ADDR": self.address_string(),
            "REMOTE_PORT": self.port_integer(),
            "SERVER_NAME": self.server.server_address[0],
            "SERVER_PORT": str(self.server.server_address[1]),
            "SERVER_PROTOCOL": self.request_version,
        }

        for key, value in self.headers.items():
            key = key.upper().replace("-", "_")
            value = value.replace("\r\n", "")
            if key not in ("CONTENT_TYPE", "CONTENT_LENGTH"):
                key = f"HTTP_{key}"
                if key in environ:
                    value = f"{environ[key]},{value}"
            environ[key] = value

        if environ.get("HTTP_TRANSFER_ENCODING", "").strip().lower() == "chunked":
            environ["wsgi.input_terminated"] = True
            environ["wsgi.input"] = DechunkedInput(environ["wsgi.input"])

        # Per RFC 2616, if the URL is absolute, use that as the host.
        # We're using "has a scheme" to indicate an absolute URL.
        if request_url.scheme and request_url.netloc:
            environ["HTTP_HOST"] = request_url.netloc

        try:
            # binary_form=False gives nicer information, but wouldn't be compatible with
            # what Nginx or Apache could return.
            peer_cert = self.connection.getpeercert(  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
                binary_form=True
            )
            if peer_cert is not None:
                # Nginx and Apache use PEM format.
                environ["SSL_CLIENT_CERT"] = ssl.DER_cert_to_PEM_cert(peer_cert)
        except ValueError:
            # SSL handshake hasn't finished.
            self.server.log("error", "Cannot fetch SSL peer certificate info")
        except AttributeError:
            # Not using TLS, the socket will not have getpeercert().
            pass

        return environ

    def run_wsgi(self) -> None:
        if self.headers.get("Expect", "").lower().strip() == "100-continue":
            self.wfile.write(b"HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n")

        self.environ = environ = self.make_environ()
        status_set: t.Optional[str] = None
        headers_set: t.Optional[t.List[t.Tuple[str, str]]] = None
        status_sent: t.Optional[str] = None
        headers_sent: t.Optional[t.List[t.Tuple[str, str]]] = None

        def write(data: bytes) -> None:
            nonlocal status_sent, headers_sent
            assert status_set is not None, "write() before start_response"
            assert headers_set is not None, "write() before start_response"
            if status_sent is None:
                status_sent = status_set
                headers_sent = headers_set
                try:
                    code_str, msg = status_sent.split(None, 1)
                except ValueError:
                    code_str, msg = status_sent, ""
                code = int(code_str)
                self.send_response(code, msg)
                header_keys = set()
                for key, value in headers_sent:
                    self.send_header(key, value)
                    key = key.lower()
                    header_keys.add(key)
                if not (
                    "content-length" in header_keys
                    or environ["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "HEAD"
                    or code < 200
                    or code in (204, 304)
                ):
                    self.close_connection = True
                    self.send_header("Connection", "close")
                if "server" not in header_keys:
                    self.send_header("Server", self.version_string())
                if "date" not in header_keys:
                    self.send_header("Date", self.date_time_string())
                self.end_headers()

            assert isinstance(data, bytes), "applications must write bytes"
            self.wfile.write(data)
            self.wfile.flush()

        def start_response(status, headers, exc_info=None):  # type: ignore
            nonlocal status_set, headers_set
            if exc_info:
                try:
                    if headers_sent:
                        raise exc_info[1].with_traceback(exc_info[2])
                finally:
                    exc_info = None
            elif headers_set:
                raise AssertionError("Headers already set")
            status_set = status
            headers_set = headers
            return write

        def execute(app: "WSGIApplication") -> None:
            application_iter = app(environ, start_response)
            try:
                for data in application_iter:
                    write(data)
                if not headers_sent:
                    write(b"")
            finally:
                if hasattr(application_iter, "close"):
                    application_iter.close()  # type: ignore

        try:
            execute(self.server.app)
        except (ConnectionError, socket.timeout) as e:
            self.connection_dropped(e, environ)
        except Exception:
            if self.server.passthrough_errors:
                raise
            from .debug.tbtools import get_current_traceback

            traceback = get_current_traceback(ignore_system_exceptions=True)
            try:
                # if we haven't yet sent the headers but they are set
                # we roll back to be able to set them again.
                if status_sent is None:
                    status_set = None
                    headers_set = None
                execute(InternalServerError())
            except Exception:
                pass
            self.server.log("error", "Error on request:\n%s", traceback.plaintext)

    def handle(self) -> None:
        """Handles a request ignoring dropped connections."""
        try:
            BaseHTTPRequestHandler.handle(self)
        except (ConnectionError, socket.timeout) as e:
            self.connection_dropped(e)
        except Exception as e:
            if self.server.ssl_context is not None and is_ssl_error(e):
                self.log_error("SSL error occurred: %s", e)
            else:
                raise
        if self.server.shutdown_signal:
            self.initiate_shutdown()

    def initiate_shutdown(self) -> None:
        if is_running_from_reloader():
            # Windows does not provide SIGKILL, go with SIGTERM then.
            sig = getattr(signal, "SIGKILL", signal.SIGTERM)
            os.kill(os.getpid(), sig)

        self.server._BaseServer__shutdown_request = True  # type: ignore

    def connection_dropped(
        self, error: BaseException, environ: t.Optional["WSGIEnvironment"] = None
    ) -> None:
        """Called if the connection was closed by the client.  By default
        nothing happens.
        """

    def handle_one_request(self) -> None:
        """Handle a single HTTP request."""
        self.raw_requestline = self.rfile.readline()
        if not self.raw_requestline:
            self.close_connection = True
        elif self.parse_request():
            self.run_wsgi()

    def send_response(self, code: int, message: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
        """Send the response header and log the response code."""
        self.log_request(code)
        if message is None:
            message = self.responses[code][0] if code in self.responses else ""
        if self.request_version != "HTTP/0.9":
            hdr = f"{self.protocol_version} {code} {message}\r\n"
            self.wfile.write(hdr.encode("ascii"))

    def version_string(self) -> str:
        return super().version_string().strip()

    def address_string(self) -> str:
        if getattr(self, "environ", None):
            return self.environ["REMOTE_ADDR"]  # type: ignore

        if not self.client_address:
            return "<local>"

        return self.client_address[0]

    def port_integer(self) -> int:
        return self.client_address[1]

    def log_request(
        self, code: t.Union[int, str] = "-", size: t.Union[int, str] = "-"
    ) -> None:
        try:
            path = uri_to_iri(self.path)
            msg = f"{self.command} {path} {self.request_version}"
        except AttributeError:
            # path isn't set if the requestline was bad
            msg = self.requestline

        code = str(code)

        if _log_add_style:
            if code[0] == "1":  # 1xx - Informational
                msg = _ansi_style(msg, "bold")
            elif code == "200":  # 2xx - Success
                pass
            elif code == "304":  # 304 - Resource Not Modified
                msg = _ansi_style(msg, "cyan")
            elif code[0] == "3":  # 3xx - Redirection
                msg = _ansi_style(msg, "green")
            elif code == "404":  # 404 - Resource Not Found
                msg = _ansi_style(msg, "yellow")
            elif code[0] == "4":  # 4xx - Client Error
                msg = _ansi_style(msg, "bold", "red")
            else:  # 5xx, or any other response
                msg = _ansi_style(msg, "bold", "magenta")

        self.log("info", '"%s" %s %s', msg, code, size)

    def log_error(self, format: str, *args: t.Any) -> None:
        self.log("error", format, *args)

    def log_message(self, format: str, *args: t.Any) -> None:
        self.log("info", format, *args)

    def log(self, type: str, message: str, *args: t.Any) -> None:
        _log(
            type,
            f"{self.address_string()} - - [{self.log_date_time_string()}] {message}\n",
            *args,
        )


def _ansi_style(value: str, *styles: str) -> str:
    codes = {
        "bold": 1,
        "red": 31,
        "green": 32,
        "yellow": 33,
        "magenta": 35,
        "cyan": 36,
    }

    for style in styles:
        value = f"\x1b[{codes[style]}m{value}"

    return f"{value}\x1b[0m"


def generate_adhoc_ssl_pair(
    cn: t.Optional[str] = None,
) -> t.Tuple["Certificate", "RSAPrivateKeyWithSerialization"]:
    try:
        from cryptography import x509
        from cryptography.x509.oid import NameOID
        from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
        from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
        from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
    except ImportError:
        raise TypeError(
            "Using ad-hoc certificates requires the cryptography library."
        ) from None

    backend = default_backend()
    pkey = rsa.generate_private_key(
        public_exponent=65537, key_size=2048, backend=backend
    )

    # pretty damn sure that this is not actually accepted by anyone
    if cn is None:
        cn = "*"

    subject = x509.Name(
        [
            x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.ORGANIZATION_NAME, "Dummy Certificate"),
            x509.NameAttribute(NameOID.COMMON_NAME, cn),
        ]
    )

    backend = default_backend()
    cert = (
        x509.CertificateBuilder()
        .subject_name(subject)
        .issuer_name(subject)
        .public_key(pkey.public_key())
        .serial_number(x509.random_serial_number())
        .not_valid_before(dt.now(timezone.utc))
        .not_valid_after(dt.now(timezone.utc) + timedelta(days=365))
        .add_extension(x509.ExtendedKeyUsage([x509.OID_SERVER_AUTH]), critical=False)
        .add_extension(x509.SubjectAlternativeName([x509.DNSName(cn)]), critical=False)
        .sign(pkey, hashes.SHA256(), backend)
    )
    return cert, pkey


def make_ssl_devcert(
    base_path: str, host: t.Optional[str] = None, cn: t.Optional[str] = None
) -> t.Tuple[str, str]:
    """Creates an SSL key for development.  This should be used instead of
    the ``'adhoc'`` key which generates a new cert on each server start.
    It accepts a path for where it should store the key and cert and
    either a host or CN.  If a host is given it will use the CN
    ``*.host/CN=host``.

    For more information see :func:`run_simple`.

    .. versionadded:: 0.9

    :param base_path: the path to the certificate and key.  The extension
                      ``.crt`` is added for the certificate, ``.key`` is
                      added for the key.
    :param host: the name of the host.  This can be used as an alternative
                 for the `cn`.
    :param cn: the `CN` to use.
    """

    if host is not None:
        cn = f"*.{host}/CN={host}"
    cert, pkey = generate_adhoc_ssl_pair(cn=cn)

    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization

    cert_file = f"{base_path}.crt"
    pkey_file = f"{base_path}.key"

    with open(cert_file, "wb") as f:
        f.write(cert.public_bytes(serialization.Encoding.PEM))
    with open(pkey_file, "wb") as f:
        f.write(
            pkey.private_bytes(
                encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
                format=serialization.PrivateFormat.TraditionalOpenSSL,
                encryption_algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption(),
            )
        )

    return cert_file, pkey_file


def generate_adhoc_ssl_context() -> "ssl.SSLContext":
    """Generates an adhoc SSL context for the development server."""
    import tempfile
    import atexit

    cert, pkey = generate_adhoc_ssl_pair()

    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization

    cert_handle, cert_file = tempfile.mkstemp()
    pkey_handle, pkey_file = tempfile.mkstemp()
    atexit.register(os.remove, pkey_file)
    atexit.register(os.remove, cert_file)

    os.write(cert_handle, cert.public_bytes(serialization.Encoding.PEM))
    os.write(
        pkey_handle,
        pkey.private_bytes(
            encoding=serialization.Encoding.PEM,
            format=serialization.PrivateFormat.TraditionalOpenSSL,
            encryption_algorithm=serialization.NoEncryption(),
        ),
    )

    os.close(cert_handle)
    os.close(pkey_handle)
    ctx = load_ssl_context(cert_file, pkey_file)
    return ctx


def load_ssl_context(
    cert_file: str, pkey_file: t.Optional[str] = None, protocol: t.Optional[int] = None
) -> "ssl.SSLContext":
    """Loads SSL context from cert/private key files and optional protocol.
    Many parameters are directly taken from the API of
    :py:class:`ssl.SSLContext`.

    :param cert_file: Path of the certificate to use.
    :param pkey_file: Path of the private key to use. If not given, the key
                      will be obtained from the certificate file.
    :param protocol: A ``PROTOCOL`` constant from the :mod:`ssl` module.
        Defaults to :data:`ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER`.
    """
    if protocol is None:
        protocol = ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER

    ctx = ssl.SSLContext(protocol)
    ctx.load_cert_chain(cert_file, pkey_file)
    return ctx


def is_ssl_error(error: t.Optional[Exception] = None) -> bool:
    """Checks if the given error (or the current one) is an SSL error."""
    if error is None:
        error = t.cast(Exception, sys.exc_info()[1])
    return isinstance(error, ssl.SSLError)


def select_address_family(host: str, port: int) -> socket.AddressFamily:
    """Return ``AF_INET4``, ``AF_INET6``, or ``AF_UNIX`` depending on
    the host and port."""
    if host.startswith("unix://"):
        return socket.AF_UNIX
    elif ":" in host and hasattr(socket, "AF_INET6"):
        return socket.AF_INET6
    return socket.AF_INET


def get_sockaddr(
    host: str, port: int, family: socket.AddressFamily
) -> t.Union[t.Tuple[str, int], str]:
    """Return a fully qualified socket address that can be passed to
    :func:`socket.bind`."""
    if family == af_unix:
        return host.split("://", 1)[1]
    try:
        res = socket.getaddrinfo(
            host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM, socket.IPPROTO_TCP
        )
    except socket.gaierror:
        return host, port
    return res[0][4]  # type: ignore


def get_interface_ip(family: socket.AddressFamily) -> str:
    """Get the IP address of an external interface. Used when binding to
    0.0.0.0 or ::1 to show a more useful URL.

    :meta private:
    """
    # arbitrary private address
    host = "fd31:f903:5ab5:1::1" if family == socket.AF_INET6 else "10.253.155.219"

    with socket.socket(family, socket.SOCK_DGRAM) as s:
        try:
            s.connect((host, 58162))
        except OSError:
            return "::1" if family == socket.AF_INET6 else "127.0.0.1"

        return s.getsockname()[0]  # type: ignore


class BaseWSGIServer(HTTPServer):

    """Simple single-threaded, single-process WSGI server."""

    multithread = False
    multiprocess = False
    request_queue_size = LISTEN_QUEUE

    def __init__(
        self,
        host: str,
        port: int,
        app: "WSGIApplication",
        handler: t.Optional[t.Type[WSGIRequestHandler]] = None,
        passthrough_errors: bool = False,
        ssl_context: t.Optional[_TSSLContextArg] = None,
        fd: t.Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> None:
        if handler is None:
            handler = WSGIRequestHandler

        self.address_family = select_address_family(host, port)

        if fd is not None:
            real_sock = socket.fromfd(fd, self.address_family, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
            port = 0

        server_address = get_sockaddr(host, int(port), self.address_family)

        # remove socket file if it already exists
        if self.address_family == af_unix:
            server_address = t.cast(str, server_address)

            if os.path.exists(server_address):
                os.unlink(server_address)

        super().__init__(server_address, handler)  # type: ignore

        self.app = app
        self.passthrough_errors = passthrough_errors
        self.shutdown_signal = False
        self.host = host
        self.port = self.socket.getsockname()[1]

        # Patch in the original socket.
        if fd is not None:
            self.socket.close()
            self.socket = real_sock
            self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()

        if ssl_context is not None:
            if isinstance(ssl_context, tuple):
                ssl_context = load_ssl_context(*ssl_context)
            if ssl_context == "adhoc":
                ssl_context = generate_adhoc_ssl_context()

            self.socket = ssl_context.wrap_socket(self.socket, server_side=True)
            self.ssl_context: t.Optional["ssl.SSLContext"] = ssl_context
        else:
            self.ssl_context = None

    def log(self, type: str, message: str, *args: t.Any) -> None:
        _log(type, message, *args)

    def serve_forever(self, poll_interval: float = 0.5) -> None:
        self.shutdown_signal = False
        try:
            super().serve_forever(poll_interval=poll_interval)
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            pass
        finally:
            self.server_close()

    def handle_error(
        self, request: t.Any, client_address: t.Union[t.Tuple[str, int], str]
    ) -> None:
        if self.passthrough_errors:
            raise

        return super().handle_error(request, client_address)


class ThreadedWSGIServer(socketserver.ThreadingMixIn, BaseWSGIServer):

    """A WSGI server that does threading."""

    multithread = True
    daemon_threads = True


class ForkingWSGIServer(ForkingMixIn, BaseWSGIServer):

    """A WSGI server that does forking."""

    multiprocess = True

    def __init__(
        self,
        host: str,
        port: int,
        app: "WSGIApplication",
        processes: int = 40,
        handler: t.Optional[t.Type[WSGIRequestHandler]] = None,
        passthrough_errors: bool = False,
        ssl_context: t.Optional[_TSSLContextArg] = None,
        fd: t.Optional[int] = None,
    ) -> None:
        if not can_fork:
            raise ValueError("Your platform does not support forking.")
        BaseWSGIServer.__init__(
            self, host, port, app, handler, passthrough_errors, ssl_context, fd
        )
        self.max_children = processes


def make_server(
    host: str,
    port: int,
    app: "WSGIApplication",
    threaded: bool = False,
    processes: int = 1,
    request_handler: t.Optional[t.Type[WSGIRequestHandler]] = None,
    passthrough_errors: bool = False,
    ssl_context: t.Optional[_TSSLContextArg] = None,
    fd: t.Optional[int] = None,
) -> BaseWSGIServer:
    """Create a new server instance that is either threaded, or forks
    or just processes one request after another.
    """
    if threaded and processes > 1:
        raise ValueError("cannot have a multithreaded and multi process server.")
    elif threaded:
        return ThreadedWSGIServer(
            host, port, app, request_handler, passthrough_errors, ssl_context, fd=fd
        )
    elif processes > 1:
        return ForkingWSGIServer(
            host,
            port,
            app,
            processes,
            request_handler,
            passthrough_errors,
            ssl_context,
            fd=fd,
        )
    else:
        return BaseWSGIServer(
            host, port, app, request_handler, passthrough_errors, ssl_context, fd=fd
        )


def is_running_from_reloader() -> bool:
    """Checks if the application is running from within the Werkzeug
    reloader subprocess.

    .. versionadded:: 0.10
    """
    return os.environ.get("WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN") == "true"


def run_simple(
    hostname: str,
    port: int,
    application: "WSGIApplication",
    use_reloader: bool = False,
    use_debugger: bool = False,
    use_evalex: bool = True,
    extra_files: t.Optional[t.Iterable[str]] = None,
    exclude_patterns: t.Optional[t.Iterable[str]] = None,
    reloader_interval: int = 1,
    reloader_type: str = "auto",
    threaded: bool = False,
    processes: int = 1,
    request_handler: t.Optional[t.Type[WSGIRequestHandler]] = None,
    static_files: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Union[str, t.Tuple[str, str]]]] = None,
    passthrough_errors: bool = False,
    ssl_context: t.Optional[_TSSLContextArg] = None,
) -> None:
    """Start a WSGI application. Optional features include a reloader,
    multithreading and fork support.

    This function has a command-line interface too::

        python -m werkzeug.serving --help

    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
        Added ``exclude_patterns`` parameter.

    .. versionadded:: 0.5
       `static_files` was added to simplify serving of static files as well
       as `passthrough_errors`.

    .. versionadded:: 0.6
       support for SSL was added.

    .. versionadded:: 0.8
       Added support for automatically loading a SSL context from certificate
       file and private key.

    .. versionadded:: 0.9
       Added command-line interface.

    .. versionadded:: 0.10
       Improved the reloader and added support for changing the backend
       through the `reloader_type` parameter.  See :ref:`reloader`
       for more information.

    .. versionchanged:: 0.15
        Bind to a Unix socket by passing a path that starts with
        ``unix://`` as the ``hostname``.

    :param hostname: The host to bind to, for example ``'localhost'``.
        If the value is a path that starts with ``unix://`` it will bind
        to a Unix socket instead of a TCP socket..
    :param port: The port for the server.  eg: ``8080``
    :param application: the WSGI application to execute
    :param use_reloader: should the server automatically restart the python
                         process if modules were changed?
    :param use_debugger: should the werkzeug debugging system be used?
    :param use_evalex: should the exception evaluation feature be enabled?
    :param extra_files: a list of files the reloader should watch
                        additionally to the modules.  For example configuration
                        files.
    :param exclude_patterns: List of :mod:`fnmatch` patterns to ignore
        when running the reloader. For example, ignore cache files that
        shouldn't reload when updated.
    :param reloader_interval: the interval for the reloader in seconds.
    :param reloader_type: the type of reloader to use.  The default is
                          auto detection.  Valid values are ``'stat'`` and
                          ``'watchdog'``. See :ref:`reloader` for more
                          information.
    :param threaded: should the process handle each request in a separate
                     thread?
    :param processes: if greater than 1 then handle each request in a new process
                      up to this maximum number of concurrent processes.
    :param request_handler: optional parameter that can be used to replace
                            the default one.  You can use this to replace it
                            with a different
                            :class:`~BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler`
                            subclass.
    :param static_files: a list or dict of paths for static files.  This works
                         exactly like :class:`SharedDataMiddleware`, it's actually
                         just wrapping the application in that middleware before
                         serving.
    :param passthrough_errors: set this to `True` to disable the error catching.
                               This means that the server will die on errors but
                               it can be useful to hook debuggers in (pdb etc.)
    :param ssl_context: an SSL context for the connection. Either an
                        :class:`ssl.SSLContext`, a tuple in the form
                        ``(cert_file, pkey_file)``, the string ``'adhoc'`` if
                        the server should automatically create one, or ``None``
                        to disable SSL (which is the default).
    """
    if not isinstance(port, int):
        raise TypeError("port must be an integer")
    if use_debugger:
        from .debug import DebuggedApplication

        application = DebuggedApplication(application, use_evalex)
    if static_files:
        from .middleware.shared_data import SharedDataMiddleware

        application = SharedDataMiddleware(application, static_files)

    def log_startup(sock: socket.socket) -> None:
        all_addresses_message = (
            " * Running on all addresses.\n"
            "   WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in"
            " a production deployment."
        )

        if sock.family == af_unix:
            _log("info", " * Running on %s (Press CTRL+C to quit)", hostname)
        else:
            if hostname == "0.0.0.0":
                _log("warning", all_addresses_message)
                display_hostname = get_interface_ip(socket.AF_INET)
            elif hostname == "::":
                _log("warning", all_addresses_message)
                display_hostname = get_interface_ip(socket.AF_INET6)
            else:
                display_hostname = hostname

            if ":" in display_hostname:
                display_hostname = f"[{display_hostname}]"

            _log(
                "info",
                " * Running on %s://%s:%d/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)",
                "http" if ssl_context is None else "https",
                display_hostname,
                sock.getsockname()[1],
            )

    def inner() -> None:
        try:
            fd: t.Optional[int] = int(os.environ["WERKZEUG_SERVER_FD"])
        except (LookupError, ValueError):
            fd = None
        srv = make_server(
            hostname,
            port,
            application,
            threaded,
            processes,
            request_handler,
            passthrough_errors,
            ssl_context,
            fd=fd,
        )
        if fd is None:
            log_startup(srv.socket)
        srv.serve_forever()

    if use_reloader:
        # If we're not running already in the subprocess that is the
        # reloader we want to open up a socket early to make sure the
        # port is actually available.
        if not is_running_from_reloader():
            if port == 0 and not can_open_by_fd:
                raise ValueError(
                    "Cannot bind to a random port with enabled "
                    "reloader if the Python interpreter does "
                    "not support socket opening by fd."
                )

            # Create and destroy a socket so that any exceptions are
            # raised before we spawn a separate Python interpreter and
            # lose this ability.
            address_family = select_address_family(hostname, port)
            server_address = get_sockaddr(hostname, port, address_family)
            s = socket.socket(address_family, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
            s.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
            s.bind(server_address)
            s.set_inheritable(True)

            # If we can open the socket by file descriptor, then we can just
            # reuse this one and our socket will survive the restarts.
            if can_open_by_fd:
                os.environ["WERKZEUG_SERVER_FD"] = str(s.fileno())
                s.listen(LISTEN_QUEUE)
                log_startup(s)
            else:
                s.close()
                if address_family == af_unix:
                    server_address = t.cast(str, server_address)
                    _log("info", "Unlinking %s", server_address)
                    os.unlink(server_address)

        from ._reloader import run_with_reloader as _rwr

        _rwr(
            inner,
            extra_files=extra_files,
            exclude_patterns=exclude_patterns,
            interval=reloader_interval,
            reloader_type=reloader_type,
        )
    else:
        inner()


def run_with_reloader(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
    """Run a process with the reloader. This is not a public API, do
    not use this function.

    .. deprecated:: 2.0
        Will be removed in Werkzeug 2.1.
    """
    from ._reloader import run_with_reloader as _rwr

    warnings.warn(
        (
            "'run_with_reloader' is a private API, it will no longer be"
            " accessible in Werkzeug 2.1. Use 'run_simple' instead."
        ),
        DeprecationWarning,
        stacklevel=2,
    )
    _rwr(*args, **kwargs)


def main() -> None:
    """A simple command-line interface for :py:func:`run_simple`."""
    import argparse
    from .utils import import_string

    _log("warning", "This CLI is deprecated and will be removed in version 2.1.")

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description="Run the given WSGI application with the development server.",
        allow_abbrev=False,
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "-b",
        "--bind",
        dest="address",
        help="The hostname:port the app should listen on.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "-d",
        "--debug",
        action="store_true",
        help="Show the interactive debugger for unhandled exceptions.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "-r",
        "--reload",
        action="store_true",
        help="Reload the process if modules change.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "application", help="Application to import and serve, in the form module:app."
    )
    args = parser.parse_args()
    hostname, port = None, None

    if args.address:
        hostname, _, port = args.address.partition(":")

    run_simple(
        hostname=hostname or "127.0.0.1",
        port=int(port or 5000),
        application=import_string(args.application),
        use_reloader=args.reload,
        use_debugger=args.debug,
    )


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()