intermediate changes

ref:cde9a383711a11544ce7e107a78147fb96cc4029

1 files changed, 1686 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/contrib/tools/python3/src/Modules/binascii.c b/contrib/tools/python3/src/Modules/binascii.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f3248b604
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/tools/python3/src/Modules/binascii.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1686 @@
+/*
+** Routines to represent binary data in ASCII and vice-versa
+**
+** This module currently supports the following encodings:
+** uuencode:
+**      each line encodes 45 bytes (except possibly the last)
+**      First char encodes (binary) length, rest data
+**      each char encodes 6 bits, as follows:
+**      binary: 01234567 abcdefgh ijklmnop
+**      ascii:  012345 67abcd efghij klmnop
+**      ASCII encoding method is "excess-space": 000000 is encoded as ' ', etc.
+**      short binary data is zero-extended (so the bits are always in the
+**      right place), this does *not* reflect in the length.
+** base64:
+**      Line breaks are insignificant, but lines are at most 76 chars
+**      each char encodes 6 bits, in similar order as uucode/hqx. Encoding
+**      is done via a table.
+**      Short binary data is filled (in ASCII) with '='.
+** hqx:
+**      File starts with introductory text, real data starts and ends
+**      with colons.
+**      Data consists of three similar parts: info, datafork, resourcefork.
+**      Each part is protected (at the end) with a 16-bit crc
+**      The binary data is run-length encoded, and then ascii-fied:
+**      binary: 01234567 abcdefgh ijklmnop
+**      ascii:  012345 67abcd efghij klmnop
+**      ASCII encoding is table-driven, see the code.
+**      Short binary data results in the runt ascii-byte being output with
+**      the bits in the right place.
+**
+** While I was reading dozens of programs that encode or decode the formats
+** here (documentation? hihi:-) I have formulated Jansen's Observation:
+**
+**      Programs that encode binary data in ASCII are written in
+**      such a style that they are as unreadable as possible. Devices used
+**      include unnecessary global variables, burying important tables
+**      in unrelated sourcefiles, putting functions in include files,
+**      using seemingly-descriptive variable names for different purposes,
+**      calls to empty subroutines and a host of others.
+**
+** I have attempted to break with this tradition, but I guess that that
+** does make the performance sub-optimal. Oh well, too bad...
+**
+** Jack Jansen, CWI, July 1995.
+**
+** Added support for quoted-printable encoding, based on rfc 1521 et al
+** quoted-printable encoding specifies that non printable characters (anything
+** below 32 and above 126) be encoded as =XX where XX is the hexadecimal value
+** of the character.  It also specifies some other behavior to enable 8bit data
+** in a mail message with little difficulty (maximum line sizes, protecting
+** some cases of whitespace, etc).
+**
+** Brandon Long, September 2001.
+*/
+
+#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+
+#include "Python.h"
+#include "pystrhex.h"
+#ifdef USE_ZLIB_CRC32
+#include "zlib.h"
+#endif
+
+typedef struct binascii_state {
+    PyObject *Error;
+    PyObject *Incomplete;
+} binascii_state;
+
+static binascii_state *
+get_binascii_state(PyObject *module)
+{
+    return (binascii_state *)PyModule_GetState(module);
+}
+
+/*
+** hqx lookup table, ascii->binary.
+*/
+
+#define RUNCHAR 0x90
+
+#define DONE 0x7F
+#define SKIP 0x7E
+#define FAIL 0x7D
+
+static const unsigned char table_a2b_hqx[256] = {
+/*       ^@    ^A    ^B    ^C    ^D    ^E    ^F    ^G   */
+/* 0*/  FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+/*       \b    \t    \n    ^K    ^L    \r    ^N    ^O   */
+/* 1*/  FAIL, FAIL, SKIP, FAIL, FAIL, SKIP, FAIL, FAIL,
+/*       ^P    ^Q    ^R    ^S    ^T    ^U    ^V    ^W   */
+/* 2*/  FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+/*       ^X    ^Y    ^Z    ^[    ^\    ^]    ^^    ^_   */
+/* 3*/  FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+/*              !     "     #     $     %     &     '   */
+/* 4*/  FAIL, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06,
+/*        (     )     *     +     ,     -     .     /   */
+/* 5*/  0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, FAIL, FAIL,
+/*        0     1     2     3     4     5     6     7   */
+/* 6*/  0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0x10, 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, FAIL,
+/*        8     9     :     ;     <     =     >     ?   */
+/* 7*/  0x14, 0x15, DONE, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+/*        @     A     B     C     D     E     F     G   */
+/* 8*/  0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1C, 0x1D,
+/*        H     I     J     K     L     M     N     O   */
+/* 9*/  0x1E, 0x1F, 0x20, 0x21, 0x22, 0x23, 0x24, FAIL,
+/*        P     Q     R     S     T     U     V     W   */
+/*10*/  0x25, 0x26, 0x27, 0x28, 0x29, 0x2A, 0x2B, FAIL,
+/*        X     Y     Z     [     \     ]     ^     _   */
+/*11*/  0x2C, 0x2D, 0x2E, 0x2F, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+/*        `     a     b     c     d     e     f     g   */
+/*12*/  0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, FAIL,
+/*        h     i     j     k     l     m     n     o   */
+/*13*/  0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x3A, 0x3B, 0x3C, FAIL, FAIL,
+/*        p     q     r     s     t     u     v     w   */
+/*14*/  0x3D, 0x3E, 0x3F, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+/*        x     y     z     {     |     }     ~    ^?   */
+/*15*/  FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+/*16*/  FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+    FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL, FAIL,
+};
+
+static const unsigned char table_b2a_hqx[] =
+"!\"#$%&'()*+,-012345689@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNPQRSTUVXYZ[`abcdefhijklmpqr";
+
+static const unsigned char table_a2b_base64[] = {
+    -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
+    -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
+    -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,62, -1,-1,-1,63,
+    52,53,54,55, 56,57,58,59, 60,61,-1,-1, -1, 0,-1,-1, /* Note PAD->0 */
+    -1, 0, 1, 2,  3, 4, 5, 6,  7, 8, 9,10, 11,12,13,14,
+    15,16,17,18, 19,20,21,22, 23,24,25,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
+    -1,26,27,28, 29,30,31,32, 33,34,35,36, 37,38,39,40,
+    41,42,43,44, 45,46,47,48, 49,50,51,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
+
+    -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
+    -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
+    -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
+    -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
+    -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
+    -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
+    -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
+    -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1,-1,
+};
+
+#define BASE64_PAD '='
+
+/* Max binary chunk size; limited only by available memory */
+#define BASE64_MAXBIN ((PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - 3) / 2)
+
+static const unsigned char table_b2a_base64[] =
+"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+
+
+
+static const unsigned short crctab_hqx[256] = {
+    0x0000, 0x1021, 0x2042, 0x3063, 0x4084, 0x50a5, 0x60c6, 0x70e7,
+    0x8108, 0x9129, 0xa14a, 0xb16b, 0xc18c, 0xd1ad, 0xe1ce, 0xf1ef,
+    0x1231, 0x0210, 0x3273, 0x2252, 0x52b5, 0x4294, 0x72f7, 0x62d6,
+    0x9339, 0x8318, 0xb37b, 0xa35a, 0xd3bd, 0xc39c, 0xf3ff, 0xe3de,
+    0x2462, 0x3443, 0x0420, 0x1401, 0x64e6, 0x74c7, 0x44a4, 0x5485,
+    0xa56a, 0xb54b, 0x8528, 0x9509, 0xe5ee, 0xf5cf, 0xc5ac, 0xd58d,
+    0x3653, 0x2672, 0x1611, 0x0630, 0x76d7, 0x66f6, 0x5695, 0x46b4,
+    0xb75b, 0xa77a, 0x9719, 0x8738, 0xf7df, 0xe7fe, 0xd79d, 0xc7bc,
+    0x48c4, 0x58e5, 0x6886, 0x78a7, 0x0840, 0x1861, 0x2802, 0x3823,
+    0xc9cc, 0xd9ed, 0xe98e, 0xf9af, 0x8948, 0x9969, 0xa90a, 0xb92b,
+    0x5af5, 0x4ad4, 0x7ab7, 0x6a96, 0x1a71, 0x0a50, 0x3a33, 0x2a12,
+    0xdbfd, 0xcbdc, 0xfbbf, 0xeb9e, 0x9b79, 0x8b58, 0xbb3b, 0xab1a,
+    0x6ca6, 0x7c87, 0x4ce4, 0x5cc5, 0x2c22, 0x3c03, 0x0c60, 0x1c41,
+    0xedae, 0xfd8f, 0xcdec, 0xddcd, 0xad2a, 0xbd0b, 0x8d68, 0x9d49,
+    0x7e97, 0x6eb6, 0x5ed5, 0x4ef4, 0x3e13, 0x2e32, 0x1e51, 0x0e70,
+    0xff9f, 0xefbe, 0xdfdd, 0xcffc, 0xbf1b, 0xaf3a, 0x9f59, 0x8f78,
+    0x9188, 0x81a9, 0xb1ca, 0xa1eb, 0xd10c, 0xc12d, 0xf14e, 0xe16f,
+    0x1080, 0x00a1, 0x30c2, 0x20e3, 0x5004, 0x4025, 0x7046, 0x6067,
+    0x83b9, 0x9398, 0xa3fb, 0xb3da, 0xc33d, 0xd31c, 0xe37f, 0xf35e,
+    0x02b1, 0x1290, 0x22f3, 0x32d2, 0x4235, 0x5214, 0x6277, 0x7256,
+    0xb5ea, 0xa5cb, 0x95a8, 0x8589, 0xf56e, 0xe54f, 0xd52c, 0xc50d,
+    0x34e2, 0x24c3, 0x14a0, 0x0481, 0x7466, 0x6447, 0x5424, 0x4405,
+    0xa7db, 0xb7fa, 0x8799, 0x97b8, 0xe75f, 0xf77e, 0xc71d, 0xd73c,
+    0x26d3, 0x36f2, 0x0691, 0x16b0, 0x6657, 0x7676, 0x4615, 0x5634,
+    0xd94c, 0xc96d, 0xf90e, 0xe92f, 0x99c8, 0x89e9, 0xb98a, 0xa9ab,
+    0x5844, 0x4865, 0x7806, 0x6827, 0x18c0, 0x08e1, 0x3882, 0x28a3,
+    0xcb7d, 0xdb5c, 0xeb3f, 0xfb1e, 0x8bf9, 0x9bd8, 0xabbb, 0xbb9a,
+    0x4a75, 0x5a54, 0x6a37, 0x7a16, 0x0af1, 0x1ad0, 0x2ab3, 0x3a92,
+    0xfd2e, 0xed0f, 0xdd6c, 0xcd4d, 0xbdaa, 0xad8b, 0x9de8, 0x8dc9,
+    0x7c26, 0x6c07, 0x5c64, 0x4c45, 0x3ca2, 0x2c83, 0x1ce0, 0x0cc1,
+    0xef1f, 0xff3e, 0xcf5d, 0xdf7c, 0xaf9b, 0xbfba, 0x8fd9, 0x9ff8,
+    0x6e17, 0x7e36, 0x4e55, 0x5e74, 0x2e93, 0x3eb2, 0x0ed1, 0x1ef0,
+};
+
+/*[clinic input]
+module binascii
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=de89fb46bcaf3fec]*/
+
+/*[python input]
+
+class ascii_buffer_converter(CConverter):
+    type = 'Py_buffer'
+    converter = 'ascii_buffer_converter'
+    impl_by_reference = True
+    c_default = "{NULL, NULL}"
+
+    def cleanup(self):
+        name = self.name
+        return "".join(["if (", name, ".obj)\n   PyBuffer_Release(&", name, ");\n"])
+
+[python start generated code]*/
+/*[python end generated code: output=da39a3ee5e6b4b0d input=3eb7b63610da92cd]*/
+
+static int
+ascii_buffer_converter(PyObject *arg, Py_buffer *buf)
+{
+    if (arg == NULL) {
+        PyBuffer_Release(buf);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (PyUnicode_Check(arg)) {
+        if (PyUnicode_READY(arg) < 0)
+            return 0;
+        if (!PyUnicode_IS_ASCII(arg)) {
+            PyErr_SetString(PyExc_ValueError,
+                            "string argument should contain only ASCII characters");
+            return 0;
+        }
+        assert(PyUnicode_KIND(arg) == PyUnicode_1BYTE_KIND);
+        buf->buf = (void *) PyUnicode_1BYTE_DATA(arg);
+        buf->len = PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH(arg);
+        buf->obj = NULL;
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (PyObject_GetBuffer(arg, buf, PyBUF_SIMPLE) != 0) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "argument should be bytes, buffer or ASCII string, "
+                     "not '%.100s'", Py_TYPE(arg)->tp_name);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (!PyBuffer_IsContiguous(buf, 'C')) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_TypeError,
+                     "argument should be a contiguous buffer, "
+                     "not '%.100s'", Py_TYPE(arg)->tp_name);
+        PyBuffer_Release(buf);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return Py_CLEANUP_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+#include "clinic/binascii.c.h"
+
+/*[clinic input]
+binascii.a2b_uu
+
+    data: ascii_buffer
+    /
+
+Decode a line of uuencoded data.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+binascii_a2b_uu_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=e027f8e0b0598742 input=7cafeaf73df63d1c]*/
+{
+    const unsigned char *ascii_data;
+    unsigned char *bin_data;
+    int leftbits = 0;
+    unsigned char this_ch;
+    unsigned int leftchar = 0;
+    PyObject *rv;
+    Py_ssize_t ascii_len, bin_len;
+    binascii_state *state;
+
+    ascii_data = data->buf;
+    ascii_len = data->len;
+
+    assert(ascii_len >= 0);
+
+    /* First byte: binary data length (in bytes) */
+    bin_len = (*ascii_data++ - ' ') & 077;
+    ascii_len--;
+
+    /* Allocate the buffer */
+    if ( (rv=PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, bin_len)) == NULL )
+        return NULL;
+    bin_data = (unsigned char *)PyBytes_AS_STRING(rv);
+
+    for( ; bin_len > 0 ; ascii_len--, ascii_data++ ) {
+        /* XXX is it really best to add NULs if there's no more data */
+        this_ch = (ascii_len > 0) ? *ascii_data : 0;
+        if ( this_ch == '\n' || this_ch == '\r' || ascii_len <= 0) {
+            /*
+            ** Whitespace. Assume some spaces got eaten at
+            ** end-of-line. (We check this later)
+            */
+            this_ch = 0;
+        } else {
+            /* Check the character for legality
+            ** The 64 in stead of the expected 63 is because
+            ** there are a few uuencodes out there that use
+            ** '`' as zero instead of space.
+            */
+            if ( this_ch < ' ' || this_ch > (' ' + 64)) {
+                state = PyModule_GetState(module);
+                if (state == NULL) {
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                PyErr_SetString(state->Error, "Illegal char");
+                Py_DECREF(rv);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            this_ch = (this_ch - ' ') & 077;
+        }
+        /*
+        ** Shift it in on the low end, and see if there's
+        ** a byte ready for output.
+        */
+        leftchar = (leftchar << 6) | (this_ch);
+        leftbits += 6;
+        if ( leftbits >= 8 ) {
+            leftbits -= 8;
+            *bin_data++ = (leftchar >> leftbits) & 0xff;
+            leftchar &= ((1 << leftbits) - 1);
+            bin_len--;
+        }
+    }
+    /*
+    ** Finally, check that if there's anything left on the line
+    ** that it's whitespace only.
+    */
+    while( ascii_len-- > 0 ) {
+        this_ch = *ascii_data++;
+        /* Extra '`' may be written as padding in some cases */
+        if ( this_ch != ' ' && this_ch != ' '+64 &&
+             this_ch != '\n' && this_ch != '\r' ) {
+            state = PyModule_GetState(module);
+            if (state == NULL) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            PyErr_SetString(state->Error, "Trailing garbage");
+            Py_DECREF(rv);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    return rv;
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+binascii.b2a_uu
+
+    data: Py_buffer
+    /
+    *
+    backtick: bool(accept={int}) = False
+
+Uuencode line of data.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+binascii_b2a_uu_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, int backtick)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=b1b99de62d9bbeb8 input=b26bc8d32b6ed2f6]*/
+{
+    unsigned char *ascii_data;
+    const unsigned char *bin_data;
+    int leftbits = 0;
+    unsigned char this_ch;
+    unsigned int leftchar = 0;
+    binascii_state *state;
+    Py_ssize_t bin_len, out_len;
+    _PyBytesWriter writer;
+
+    _PyBytesWriter_Init(&writer);
+    bin_data = data->buf;
+    bin_len = data->len;
+    if ( bin_len > 45 ) {
+        /* The 45 is a limit that appears in all uuencode's */
+        state = PyModule_GetState(module);
+        if (state == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        PyErr_SetString(state->Error, "At most 45 bytes at once");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* We're lazy and allocate to much (fixed up later) */
+    out_len = 2 + (bin_len + 2) / 3 * 4;
+    ascii_data = _PyBytesWriter_Alloc(&writer, out_len);
+    if (ascii_data == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    /* Store the length */
+    if (backtick && !bin_len)
+        *ascii_data++ = '`';
+    else
+        *ascii_data++ = ' ' + (unsigned char)bin_len;
+
+    for( ; bin_len > 0 || leftbits != 0 ; bin_len--, bin_data++ ) {
+        /* Shift the data (or padding) into our buffer */
+        if ( bin_len > 0 )              /* Data */
+            leftchar = (leftchar << 8) | *bin_data;
+        else                            /* Padding */
+            leftchar <<= 8;
+        leftbits += 8;
+
+        /* See if there are 6-bit groups ready */
+        while ( leftbits >= 6 ) {
+            this_ch = (leftchar >> (leftbits-6)) & 0x3f;
+            leftbits -= 6;
+            if (backtick && !this_ch)
+                *ascii_data++ = '`';
+            else
+                *ascii_data++ = this_ch + ' ';
+        }
+    }
+    *ascii_data++ = '\n';       /* Append a courtesy newline */
+
+    return _PyBytesWriter_Finish(&writer, ascii_data);
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+binascii.a2b_base64
+
+    data: ascii_buffer
+    /
+
+Decode a line of base64 data.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+binascii_a2b_base64_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0628223f19fd3f9b input=5872acf6e1cac243]*/
+{
+    assert(data->len >= 0);
+
+    const unsigned char *ascii_data = data->buf;
+    size_t ascii_len = data->len;
+
+    /* Allocate the buffer */
+    Py_ssize_t bin_len = ((ascii_len+3)/4)*3; /* Upper bound, corrected later */
+    _PyBytesWriter writer;
+    _PyBytesWriter_Init(&writer);
+    unsigned char *bin_data = _PyBytesWriter_Alloc(&writer, bin_len);
+    if (bin_data == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    unsigned char *bin_data_start = bin_data;
+
+    int quad_pos = 0;
+    unsigned char leftchar = 0;
+    int pads = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < ascii_len; i++) {
+        unsigned char this_ch = ascii_data[i];
+
+        /* Check for pad sequences and ignore
+        ** the invalid ones.
+        */
+        if (this_ch == BASE64_PAD) {
+            if (quad_pos >= 2 && quad_pos + ++pads >= 4) {
+                /* A pad sequence means no more input.
+                ** We've already interpreted the data
+                ** from the quad at this point.
+                */
+                goto done;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        this_ch = table_a2b_base64[this_ch];
+        if (this_ch >= 64) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        pads = 0;
+
+        switch (quad_pos) {
+            case 0:
+                quad_pos = 1;
+                leftchar = this_ch;
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                quad_pos = 2;
+                *bin_data++ = (leftchar << 2) | (this_ch >> 4);
+                leftchar = this_ch & 0x0f;
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                quad_pos = 3;
+                *bin_data++ = (leftchar << 4) | (this_ch >> 2);
+                leftchar = this_ch & 0x03;
+                break;
+            case 3:
+                quad_pos = 0;
+                *bin_data++ = (leftchar << 6) | (this_ch);
+                leftchar = 0;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (quad_pos != 0) {
+        binascii_state *state = PyModule_GetState(module);
+        if (state == NULL) {
+            /* error already set, from PyModule_GetState */
+        } else if (quad_pos == 1) {
+            /*
+            ** There is exactly one extra valid, non-padding, base64 character.
+            ** This is an invalid length, as there is no possible input that
+            ** could encoded into such a base64 string.
+            */
+            PyErr_Format(state->Error,
+                         "Invalid base64-encoded string: "
+                         "number of data characters (%zd) cannot be 1 more "
+                         "than a multiple of 4",
+                         (bin_data - bin_data_start) / 3 * 4 + 1);
+        } else {
+            PyErr_SetString(state->Error, "Incorrect padding");
+        }
+        _PyBytesWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+done:
+    return _PyBytesWriter_Finish(&writer, bin_data);
+}
+
+
+/*[clinic input]
+binascii.b2a_base64
+
+    data: Py_buffer
+    /
+    *
+    newline: bool(accept={int}) = True
+
+Base64-code line of data.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+binascii_b2a_base64_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, int newline)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=4ad62c8e8485d3b3 input=6083dac5777fa45d]*/
+{
+    unsigned char *ascii_data;
+    const unsigned char *bin_data;
+    int leftbits = 0;
+    unsigned char this_ch;
+    unsigned int leftchar = 0;
+    Py_ssize_t bin_len, out_len;
+    _PyBytesWriter writer;
+    binascii_state *state;
+
+    bin_data = data->buf;
+    bin_len = data->len;
+    _PyBytesWriter_Init(&writer);
+
+    assert(bin_len >= 0);
+
+    if ( bin_len > BASE64_MAXBIN ) {
+        state = PyModule_GetState(module);
+        if (state == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        PyErr_SetString(state->Error, "Too much data for base64 line");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* We're lazy and allocate too much (fixed up later).
+       "+2" leaves room for up to two pad characters.
+       Note that 'b' gets encoded as 'Yg==\n' (1 in, 5 out). */
+    out_len = bin_len*2 + 2;
+    if (newline)
+        out_len++;
+    ascii_data = _PyBytesWriter_Alloc(&writer, out_len);
+    if (ascii_data == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    for( ; bin_len > 0 ; bin_len--, bin_data++ ) {
+        /* Shift the data into our buffer */
+        leftchar = (leftchar << 8) | *bin_data;
+        leftbits += 8;
+
+        /* See if there are 6-bit groups ready */
+        while ( leftbits >= 6 ) {
+            this_ch = (leftchar >> (leftbits-6)) & 0x3f;
+            leftbits -= 6;
+            *ascii_data++ = table_b2a_base64[this_ch];
+        }
+    }
+    if ( leftbits == 2 ) {
+        *ascii_data++ = table_b2a_base64[(leftchar&3) << 4];
+        *ascii_data++ = BASE64_PAD;
+        *ascii_data++ = BASE64_PAD;
+    } else if ( leftbits == 4 ) {
+        *ascii_data++ = table_b2a_base64[(leftchar&0xf) << 2];
+        *ascii_data++ = BASE64_PAD;
+    }
+    if (newline)
+        *ascii_data++ = '\n';       /* Append a courtesy newline */
+
+    return _PyBytesWriter_Finish(&writer, ascii_data);
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+binascii.a2b_hqx
+
+    data: ascii_buffer
+    /
+
+Decode .hqx coding.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+binascii_a2b_hqx_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=4d6d8c54d54ea1c1 input=0d914c680e0eed55]*/
+{
+    if (PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
+                     "binascii.a2b_hqx() is deprecated", 1) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    const unsigned char *ascii_data;
+    unsigned char *bin_data;
+    int leftbits = 0;
+    unsigned char this_ch;
+    unsigned int leftchar = 0;
+    PyObject *res;
+    Py_ssize_t len;
+    int done = 0;
+    _PyBytesWriter writer;
+    binascii_state *state;
+
+    ascii_data = data->buf;
+    len = data->len;
+    _PyBytesWriter_Init(&writer);
+
+    assert(len >= 0);
+
+    if (len > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - 2)
+        return PyErr_NoMemory();
+
+    /* Allocate a string that is too big (fixed later)
+       Add two to the initial length to prevent interning which
+       would preclude subsequent resizing.  */
+    bin_data = _PyBytesWriter_Alloc(&writer, len + 2);
+    if (bin_data == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    for( ; len > 0 ; len--, ascii_data++ ) {
+        /* Get the byte and look it up */
+        this_ch = table_a2b_hqx[*ascii_data];
+        if ( this_ch == SKIP )
+            continue;
+        if ( this_ch == FAIL ) {
+            state = PyModule_GetState(module);
+            if (state == NULL) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            PyErr_SetString(state->Error, "Illegal char");
+            _PyBytesWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        if ( this_ch == DONE ) {
+            /* The terminating colon */
+            done = 1;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* Shift it into the buffer and see if any bytes are ready */
+        leftchar = (leftchar << 6) | (this_ch);
+        leftbits += 6;
+        if ( leftbits >= 8 ) {
+            leftbits -= 8;
+            *bin_data++ = (leftchar >> leftbits) & 0xff;
+            leftchar &= ((1 << leftbits) - 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ( leftbits && !done ) {
+        state = PyModule_GetState(module);
+        if (state == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        PyErr_SetString(state->Incomplete,
+                        "String has incomplete number of bytes");
+        _PyBytesWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    res = _PyBytesWriter_Finish(&writer, bin_data);
+    if (res == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+    return Py_BuildValue("Ni", res, done);
+}
+
+
+/*[clinic input]
+binascii.rlecode_hqx
+
+    data: Py_buffer
+    /
+
+Binhex RLE-code binary data.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+binascii_rlecode_hqx_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=393d79338f5f5629 input=e1f1712447a82b09]*/
+{
+    if (PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
+                     "binascii.rlecode_hqx() is deprecated", 1) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    const unsigned char *in_data;
+    unsigned char *out_data;
+    unsigned char ch;
+    Py_ssize_t in, inend, len;
+    _PyBytesWriter writer;
+
+    _PyBytesWriter_Init(&writer);
+    in_data = data->buf;
+    len = data->len;
+
+    assert(len >= 0);
+
+    if (len > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / 2 - 2)
+        return PyErr_NoMemory();
+
+    /* Worst case: output is twice as big as input (fixed later) */
+    out_data = _PyBytesWriter_Alloc(&writer, len * 2 + 2);
+    if (out_data == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    for( in=0; in<len; in++) {
+        ch = in_data[in];
+        if ( ch == RUNCHAR ) {
+            /* RUNCHAR. Escape it. */
+            *out_data++ = RUNCHAR;
+            *out_data++ = 0;
+        } else {
+            /* Check how many following are the same */
+            for(inend=in+1;
+                inend<len && in_data[inend] == ch &&
+                    inend < in+255;
+                inend++) ;
+            if ( inend - in > 3 ) {
+                /* More than 3 in a row. Output RLE. */
+                *out_data++ = ch;
+                *out_data++ = RUNCHAR;
+                *out_data++ = (unsigned char) (inend-in);
+                in = inend-1;
+            } else {
+                /* Less than 3. Output the byte itself */
+                *out_data++ = ch;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return _PyBytesWriter_Finish(&writer, out_data);
+}
+
+
+/*[clinic input]
+binascii.b2a_hqx
+
+    data: Py_buffer
+    /
+
+Encode .hqx data.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+binascii_b2a_hqx_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=d0aa5a704bc9f7de input=9596ebe019fe12ba]*/
+{
+    if (PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
+                     "binascii.b2a_hqx() is deprecated", 1) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    unsigned char *ascii_data;
+    const unsigned char *bin_data;
+    int leftbits = 0;
+    unsigned char this_ch;
+    unsigned int leftchar = 0;
+    Py_ssize_t len;
+    _PyBytesWriter writer;
+
+    bin_data = data->buf;
+    len = data->len;
+    _PyBytesWriter_Init(&writer);
+
+    assert(len >= 0);
+
+    if (len > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / 2 - 2)
+        return PyErr_NoMemory();
+
+    /* Allocate a buffer that is at least large enough */
+    ascii_data = _PyBytesWriter_Alloc(&writer, len * 2 + 2);
+    if (ascii_data == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    for( ; len > 0 ; len--, bin_data++ ) {
+        /* Shift into our buffer, and output any 6bits ready */
+        leftchar = (leftchar << 8) | *bin_data;
+        leftbits += 8;
+        while ( leftbits >= 6 ) {
+            this_ch = (leftchar >> (leftbits-6)) & 0x3f;
+            leftbits -= 6;
+            *ascii_data++ = table_b2a_hqx[this_ch];
+        }
+    }
+    /* Output a possible runt byte */
+    if ( leftbits ) {
+        leftchar <<= (6-leftbits);
+        *ascii_data++ = table_b2a_hqx[leftchar & 0x3f];
+    }
+
+    return _PyBytesWriter_Finish(&writer, ascii_data);
+}
+
+
+/*[clinic input]
+binascii.rledecode_hqx
+
+    data: Py_buffer
+    /
+
+Decode hexbin RLE-coded string.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+binascii_rledecode_hqx_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=9826619565de1c6c input=54cdd49fc014402c]*/
+{
+    if (PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
+                     "binascii.rledecode_hqx() is deprecated", 1) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    const unsigned char *in_data;
+    unsigned char *out_data;
+    unsigned char in_byte, in_repeat;
+    Py_ssize_t in_len;
+    _PyBytesWriter writer;
+
+    in_data = data->buf;
+    in_len = data->len;
+    _PyBytesWriter_Init(&writer);
+    binascii_state *state;
+
+    assert(in_len >= 0);
+
+    /* Empty string is a special case */
+    if ( in_len == 0 )
+        return PyBytes_FromStringAndSize("", 0);
+    else if (in_len > PY_SSIZE_T_MAX / 2)
+        return PyErr_NoMemory();
+
+    /* Allocate a buffer of reasonable size. Resized when needed */
+    out_data = _PyBytesWriter_Alloc(&writer, in_len);
+    if (out_data == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    /* Use overallocation */
+    writer.overallocate = 1;
+
+    /*
+    ** We need two macros here to get/put bytes and handle
+    ** end-of-buffer for input and output strings.
+    */
+#define INBYTE(b)                                                       \
+    do {                                                                \
+         if ( --in_len < 0 ) {                                          \
+           state = PyModule_GetState(module);           \
+           if (state == NULL) {                                         \
+               return NULL;                                             \
+           }                                                            \
+           PyErr_SetString(state->Incomplete, "");                      \
+           goto error;                                                  \
+         }                                                              \
+         b = *in_data++;                                                \
+    } while(0)
+
+    /*
+    ** Handle first byte separately (since we have to get angry
+    ** in case of an orphaned RLE code).
+    */
+    INBYTE(in_byte);
+
+    if (in_byte == RUNCHAR) {
+        INBYTE(in_repeat);
+        /* only 1 byte will be written, but 2 bytes were preallocated:
+           subtract 1 byte to prevent overallocation */
+        writer.min_size--;
+
+        if (in_repeat != 0) {
+            /* Note Error, not Incomplete (which is at the end
+            ** of the string only). This is a programmer error.
+            */
+            state = PyModule_GetState(module);
+            if (state == NULL) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            PyErr_SetString(state->Error, "Orphaned RLE code at start");
+            goto error;
+        }
+        *out_data++ = RUNCHAR;
+    } else {
+        *out_data++ = in_byte;
+    }
+
+    while( in_len > 0 ) {
+        INBYTE(in_byte);
+
+        if (in_byte == RUNCHAR) {
+            INBYTE(in_repeat);
+            /* only 1 byte will be written, but 2 bytes were preallocated:
+               subtract 1 byte to prevent overallocation */
+            writer.min_size--;
+
+            if ( in_repeat == 0 ) {
+                /* Just an escaped RUNCHAR value */
+                *out_data++ = RUNCHAR;
+            } else {
+                /* Pick up value and output a sequence of it */
+                in_byte = out_data[-1];
+
+                /* enlarge the buffer if needed */
+                if (in_repeat > 1) {
+                    /* -1 because we already preallocated 1 byte */
+                    out_data = _PyBytesWriter_Prepare(&writer, out_data,
+                                                      in_repeat - 1);
+                    if (out_data == NULL)
+                        goto error;
+                }
+
+                while ( --in_repeat > 0 )
+                    *out_data++ = in_byte;
+            }
+        } else {
+            /* Normal byte */
+            *out_data++ = in_byte;
+        }
+    }
+    return _PyBytesWriter_Finish(&writer, out_data);
+
+error:
+    _PyBytesWriter_Dealloc(&writer);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/*[clinic input]
+binascii.crc_hqx
+
+    data: Py_buffer
+    crc: unsigned_int(bitwise=True)
+    /
+
+Compute CRC-CCITT incrementally.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+binascii_crc_hqx_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, unsigned int crc)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=2fde213d0f547a98 input=56237755370a951c]*/
+{
+    const unsigned char *bin_data;
+    Py_ssize_t len;
+
+    crc &= 0xffff;
+    bin_data = data->buf;
+    len = data->len;
+
+    while(len-- > 0) {
+        crc = ((crc<<8)&0xff00) ^ crctab_hqx[(crc>>8)^*bin_data++];
+    }
+
+    return PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(crc);
+}
+
+#ifndef USE_ZLIB_CRC32
+/*  Crc - 32 BIT ANSI X3.66 CRC checksum files
+    Also known as: ISO 3307
+**********************************************************************|
+*                                                                    *|
+* Demonstration program to compute the 32-bit CRC used as the frame  *|
+* check sequence in ADCCP (ANSI X3.66, also known as FIPS PUB 71     *|
+* and FED-STD-1003, the U.S. versions of CCITT's X.25 link-level     *|
+* protocol).  The 32-bit FCS was added via the Federal Register,     *|
+* 1 June 1982, p.23798.  I presume but don't know for certain that   *|
+* this polynomial is or will be included in CCITT V.41, which        *|
+* defines the 16-bit CRC (often called CRC-CCITT) polynomial.  FIPS  *|
+* PUB 78 says that the 32-bit FCS reduces otherwise undetected       *|
+* errors by a factor of 10^-5 over 16-bit FCS.                       *|
+*                                                                    *|
+**********************************************************************|
+
+ Copyright (C) 1986 Gary S. Brown.  You may use this program, or
+ code or tables extracted from it, as desired without restriction.
+
+ First, the polynomial itself and its table of feedback terms.  The
+ polynomial is
+ X^32+X^26+X^23+X^22+X^16+X^12+X^11+X^10+X^8+X^7+X^5+X^4+X^2+X^1+X^0
+ Note that we take it "backwards" and put the highest-order term in
+ the lowest-order bit.  The X^32 term is "implied"; the LSB is the
+ X^31 term, etc.  The X^0 term (usually shown as "+1") results in
+ the MSB being 1.
+
+ Note that the usual hardware shift register implementation, which
+ is what we're using (we're merely optimizing it by doing eight-bit
+ chunks at a time) shifts bits into the lowest-order term.  In our
+ implementation, that means shifting towards the right.  Why do we
+ do it this way?  Because the calculated CRC must be transmitted in
+ order from highest-order term to lowest-order term.  UARTs transmit
+ characters in order from LSB to MSB.  By storing the CRC this way,
+ we hand it to the UART in the order low-byte to high-byte; the UART
+ sends each low-bit to hight-bit; and the result is transmission bit
+ by bit from highest- to lowest-order term without requiring any bit
+ shuffling on our part.  Reception works similarly.
+
+ The feedback terms table consists of 256, 32-bit entries.  Notes:
+
+  1. The table can be generated at runtime if desired; code to do so
+     is shown later.  It might not be obvious, but the feedback
+     terms simply represent the results of eight shift/xor opera-
+     tions for all combinations of data and CRC register values.
+
+  2. The CRC accumulation logic is the same for all CRC polynomials,
+     be they sixteen or thirty-two bits wide.  You simply choose the
+     appropriate table.  Alternatively, because the table can be
+     generated at runtime, you can start by generating the table for
+     the polynomial in question and use exactly the same "updcrc",
+     if your application needn't simultaneously handle two CRC
+     polynomials.  (Note, however, that XMODEM is strange.)
+
+  3. For 16-bit CRCs, the table entries need be only 16 bits wide;
+     of course, 32-bit entries work OK if the high 16 bits are zero.
+
+  4. The values must be right-shifted by eight bits by the "updcrc"
+     logic; the shift must be unsigned (bring in zeroes).  On some
+     hardware you could probably optimize the shift in assembler by
+     using byte-swap instructions.
+********************************************************************/
+
+static const unsigned int crc_32_tab[256] = {
+0x00000000U, 0x77073096U, 0xee0e612cU, 0x990951baU, 0x076dc419U,
+0x706af48fU, 0xe963a535U, 0x9e6495a3U, 0x0edb8832U, 0x79dcb8a4U,
+0xe0d5e91eU, 0x97d2d988U, 0x09b64c2bU, 0x7eb17cbdU, 0xe7b82d07U,
+0x90bf1d91U, 0x1db71064U, 0x6ab020f2U, 0xf3b97148U, 0x84be41deU,
+0x1adad47dU, 0x6ddde4ebU, 0xf4d4b551U, 0x83d385c7U, 0x136c9856U,
+0x646ba8c0U, 0xfd62f97aU, 0x8a65c9ecU, 0x14015c4fU, 0x63066cd9U,
+0xfa0f3d63U, 0x8d080df5U, 0x3b6e20c8U, 0x4c69105eU, 0xd56041e4U,
+0xa2677172U, 0x3c03e4d1U, 0x4b04d447U, 0xd20d85fdU, 0xa50ab56bU,
+0x35b5a8faU, 0x42b2986cU, 0xdbbbc9d6U, 0xacbcf940U, 0x32d86ce3U,
+0x45df5c75U, 0xdcd60dcfU, 0xabd13d59U, 0x26d930acU, 0x51de003aU,
+0xc8d75180U, 0xbfd06116U, 0x21b4f4b5U, 0x56b3c423U, 0xcfba9599U,
+0xb8bda50fU, 0x2802b89eU, 0x5f058808U, 0xc60cd9b2U, 0xb10be924U,
+0x2f6f7c87U, 0x58684c11U, 0xc1611dabU, 0xb6662d3dU, 0x76dc4190U,
+0x01db7106U, 0x98d220bcU, 0xefd5102aU, 0x71b18589U, 0x06b6b51fU,
+0x9fbfe4a5U, 0xe8b8d433U, 0x7807c9a2U, 0x0f00f934U, 0x9609a88eU,
+0xe10e9818U, 0x7f6a0dbbU, 0x086d3d2dU, 0x91646c97U, 0xe6635c01U,
+0x6b6b51f4U, 0x1c6c6162U, 0x856530d8U, 0xf262004eU, 0x6c0695edU,
+0x1b01a57bU, 0x8208f4c1U, 0xf50fc457U, 0x65b0d9c6U, 0x12b7e950U,
+0x8bbeb8eaU, 0xfcb9887cU, 0x62dd1ddfU, 0x15da2d49U, 0x8cd37cf3U,
+0xfbd44c65U, 0x4db26158U, 0x3ab551ceU, 0xa3bc0074U, 0xd4bb30e2U,
+0x4adfa541U, 0x3dd895d7U, 0xa4d1c46dU, 0xd3d6f4fbU, 0x4369e96aU,
+0x346ed9fcU, 0xad678846U, 0xda60b8d0U, 0x44042d73U, 0x33031de5U,
+0xaa0a4c5fU, 0xdd0d7cc9U, 0x5005713cU, 0x270241aaU, 0xbe0b1010U,
+0xc90c2086U, 0x5768b525U, 0x206f85b3U, 0xb966d409U, 0xce61e49fU,
+0x5edef90eU, 0x29d9c998U, 0xb0d09822U, 0xc7d7a8b4U, 0x59b33d17U,
+0x2eb40d81U, 0xb7bd5c3bU, 0xc0ba6cadU, 0xedb88320U, 0x9abfb3b6U,
+0x03b6e20cU, 0x74b1d29aU, 0xead54739U, 0x9dd277afU, 0x04db2615U,
+0x73dc1683U, 0xe3630b12U, 0x94643b84U, 0x0d6d6a3eU, 0x7a6a5aa8U,
+0xe40ecf0bU, 0x9309ff9dU, 0x0a00ae27U, 0x7d079eb1U, 0xf00f9344U,
+0x8708a3d2U, 0x1e01f268U, 0x6906c2feU, 0xf762575dU, 0x806567cbU,
+0x196c3671U, 0x6e6b06e7U, 0xfed41b76U, 0x89d32be0U, 0x10da7a5aU,
+0x67dd4accU, 0xf9b9df6fU, 0x8ebeeff9U, 0x17b7be43U, 0x60b08ed5U,
+0xd6d6a3e8U, 0xa1d1937eU, 0x38d8c2c4U, 0x4fdff252U, 0xd1bb67f1U,
+0xa6bc5767U, 0x3fb506ddU, 0x48b2364bU, 0xd80d2bdaU, 0xaf0a1b4cU,
+0x36034af6U, 0x41047a60U, 0xdf60efc3U, 0xa867df55U, 0x316e8eefU,
+0x4669be79U, 0xcb61b38cU, 0xbc66831aU, 0x256fd2a0U, 0x5268e236U,
+0xcc0c7795U, 0xbb0b4703U, 0x220216b9U, 0x5505262fU, 0xc5ba3bbeU,
+0xb2bd0b28U, 0x2bb45a92U, 0x5cb36a04U, 0xc2d7ffa7U, 0xb5d0cf31U,
+0x2cd99e8bU, 0x5bdeae1dU, 0x9b64c2b0U, 0xec63f226U, 0x756aa39cU,
+0x026d930aU, 0x9c0906a9U, 0xeb0e363fU, 0x72076785U, 0x05005713U,
+0x95bf4a82U, 0xe2b87a14U, 0x7bb12baeU, 0x0cb61b38U, 0x92d28e9bU,
+0xe5d5be0dU, 0x7cdcefb7U, 0x0bdbdf21U, 0x86d3d2d4U, 0xf1d4e242U,
+0x68ddb3f8U, 0x1fda836eU, 0x81be16cdU, 0xf6b9265bU, 0x6fb077e1U,
+0x18b74777U, 0x88085ae6U, 0xff0f6a70U, 0x66063bcaU, 0x11010b5cU,
+0x8f659effU, 0xf862ae69U, 0x616bffd3U, 0x166ccf45U, 0xa00ae278U,
+0xd70dd2eeU, 0x4e048354U, 0x3903b3c2U, 0xa7672661U, 0xd06016f7U,
+0x4969474dU, 0x3e6e77dbU, 0xaed16a4aU, 0xd9d65adcU, 0x40df0b66U,
+0x37d83bf0U, 0xa9bcae53U, 0xdebb9ec5U, 0x47b2cf7fU, 0x30b5ffe9U,
+0xbdbdf21cU, 0xcabac28aU, 0x53b39330U, 0x24b4a3a6U, 0xbad03605U,
+0xcdd70693U, 0x54de5729U, 0x23d967bfU, 0xb3667a2eU, 0xc4614ab8U,
+0x5d681b02U, 0x2a6f2b94U, 0xb40bbe37U, 0xc30c8ea1U, 0x5a05df1bU,
+0x2d02ef8dU
+};
+#endif  /* USE_ZLIB_CRC32 */
+
+/*[clinic input]
+binascii.crc32 -> unsigned_int
+
+    data: Py_buffer
+    crc: unsigned_int(bitwise=True) = 0
+    /
+
+Compute CRC-32 incrementally.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static unsigned int
+binascii_crc32_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, unsigned int crc)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=52cf59056a78593b input=bbe340bc99d25aa8]*/
+
+#ifdef USE_ZLIB_CRC32
+/* This was taken from zlibmodule.c PyZlib_crc32 (but is PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN) */
+{
+    const Byte *buf;
+    Py_ssize_t len;
+    int signed_val;
+
+    buf = (Byte*)data->buf;
+    len = data->len;
+    signed_val = crc32(crc, buf, len);
+    return (unsigned int)signed_val & 0xffffffffU;
+}
+#else  /* USE_ZLIB_CRC32 */
+{ /* By Jim Ahlstrom; All rights transferred to CNRI */
+    const unsigned char *bin_data;
+    Py_ssize_t len;
+    unsigned int result;
+
+    bin_data = data->buf;
+    len = data->len;
+
+    crc = ~ crc;
+    while (len-- > 0) {
+        crc = crc_32_tab[(crc ^ *bin_data++) & 0xff] ^ (crc >> 8);
+        /* Note:  (crc >> 8) MUST zero fill on left */
+    }
+
+    result = (crc ^ 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    return result & 0xffffffff;
+}
+#endif  /* USE_ZLIB_CRC32 */
+
+/*[clinic input]
+binascii.b2a_hex
+
+    data: Py_buffer
+    sep: object = NULL
+        An optional single character or byte to separate hex bytes.
+    bytes_per_sep: int = 1
+        How many bytes between separators.  Positive values count from the
+        right, negative values count from the left.
+
+Hexadecimal representation of binary data.
+
+The return value is a bytes object.  This function is also
+available as "hexlify()".
+
+Example:
+>>> binascii.b2a_hex(b'\xb9\x01\xef')
+b'b901ef'
+>>> binascii.hexlify(b'\xb9\x01\xef', ':')
+b'b9:01:ef'
+>>> binascii.b2a_hex(b'\xb9\x01\xef', b'_', 2)
+b'b9_01ef'
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+binascii_b2a_hex_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, PyObject *sep,
+                      int bytes_per_sep)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=a26937946a81d2c7 input=ec0ade6ba2e43543]*/
+{
+    return _Py_strhex_bytes_with_sep((const char *)data->buf, data->len,
+                                     sep, bytes_per_sep);
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+binascii.hexlify = binascii.b2a_hex
+
+Hexadecimal representation of binary data.
+
+The return value is a bytes object.  This function is also
+available as "b2a_hex()".
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+binascii_hexlify_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, PyObject *sep,
+                      int bytes_per_sep)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=d12aa1b001b15199 input=bc317bd4e241f76b]*/
+{
+    return _Py_strhex_bytes_with_sep((const char *)data->buf, data->len,
+                                     sep, bytes_per_sep);
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+binascii.a2b_hex
+
+    hexstr: ascii_buffer
+    /
+
+Binary data of hexadecimal representation.
+
+hexstr must contain an even number of hex digits (upper or lower case).
+This function is also available as "unhexlify()".
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+binascii_a2b_hex_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *hexstr)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=0cc1a139af0eeecb input=9e1e7f2f94db24fd]*/
+{
+    const char* argbuf;
+    Py_ssize_t arglen;
+    PyObject *retval;
+    char* retbuf;
+    Py_ssize_t i, j;
+    binascii_state *state;
+
+    argbuf = hexstr->buf;
+    arglen = hexstr->len;
+
+    assert(arglen >= 0);
+
+    /* XXX What should we do about strings with an odd length?  Should
+     * we add an implicit leading zero, or a trailing zero?  For now,
+     * raise an exception.
+     */
+    if (arglen % 2) {
+        state = PyModule_GetState(module);
+        if (state == NULL) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        PyErr_SetString(state->Error, "Odd-length string");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    retval = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(NULL, (arglen/2));
+    if (!retval)
+        return NULL;
+    retbuf = PyBytes_AS_STRING(retval);
+
+    for (i=j=0; i < arglen; i += 2) {
+        unsigned int top = _PyLong_DigitValue[Py_CHARMASK(argbuf[i])];
+        unsigned int bot = _PyLong_DigitValue[Py_CHARMASK(argbuf[i+1])];
+        if (top >= 16 || bot >= 16) {
+            state = PyModule_GetState(module);
+            if (state == NULL) {
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            PyErr_SetString(state->Error,
+                            "Non-hexadecimal digit found");
+            goto finally;
+        }
+        retbuf[j++] = (top << 4) + bot;
+    }
+    return retval;
+
+  finally:
+    Py_DECREF(retval);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*[clinic input]
+binascii.unhexlify = binascii.a2b_hex
+
+Binary data of hexadecimal representation.
+
+hexstr must contain an even number of hex digits (upper or lower case).
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+binascii_unhexlify_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *hexstr)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=51a64c06c79629e3 input=dd8c012725f462da]*/
+{
+    return binascii_a2b_hex_impl(module, hexstr);
+}
+
+#define MAXLINESIZE 76
+
+
+/*[clinic input]
+binascii.a2b_qp
+
+    data: ascii_buffer
+    header: bool(accept={int}) = False
+
+Decode a string of qp-encoded data.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+binascii_a2b_qp_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, int header)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=e99f7846cfb9bc53 input=bf6766fea76cce8f]*/
+{
+    Py_ssize_t in, out;
+    char ch;
+    const unsigned char *ascii_data;
+    unsigned char *odata;
+    Py_ssize_t datalen = 0;
+    PyObject *rv;
+
+    ascii_data = data->buf;
+    datalen = data->len;
+
+    /* We allocate the output same size as input, this is overkill.
+     */
+    odata = (unsigned char *) PyMem_Calloc(1, datalen);
+    if (odata == NULL) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    in = out = 0;
+    while (in < datalen) {
+        if (ascii_data[in] == '=') {
+            in++;
+            if (in >= datalen) break;
+            /* Soft line breaks */
+            if ((ascii_data[in] == '\n') || (ascii_data[in] == '\r')) {
+                if (ascii_data[in] != '\n') {
+                    while (in < datalen && ascii_data[in] != '\n') in++;
+                }
+                if (in < datalen) in++;
+            }
+            else if (ascii_data[in] == '=') {
+                /* broken case from broken python qp */
+                odata[out++] = '=';
+                in++;
+            }
+            else if ((in + 1 < datalen) &&
+                     ((ascii_data[in] >= 'A' && ascii_data[in] <= 'F') ||
+                      (ascii_data[in] >= 'a' && ascii_data[in] <= 'f') ||
+                      (ascii_data[in] >= '0' && ascii_data[in] <= '9')) &&
+                     ((ascii_data[in+1] >= 'A' && ascii_data[in+1] <= 'F') ||
+                      (ascii_data[in+1] >= 'a' && ascii_data[in+1] <= 'f') ||
+                      (ascii_data[in+1] >= '0' && ascii_data[in+1] <= '9'))) {
+                /* hexval */
+                ch = _PyLong_DigitValue[ascii_data[in]] << 4;
+                in++;
+                ch |= _PyLong_DigitValue[ascii_data[in]];
+                in++;
+                odata[out++] = ch;
+            }
+            else {
+              odata[out++] = '=';
+            }
+        }
+        else if (header && ascii_data[in] == '_') {
+            odata[out++] = ' ';
+            in++;
+        }
+        else {
+            odata[out] = ascii_data[in];
+            in++;
+            out++;
+        }
+    }
+    if ((rv = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)odata, out)) == NULL) {
+        PyMem_Free(odata);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyMem_Free(odata);
+    return rv;
+}
+
+static int
+to_hex (unsigned char ch, unsigned char *s)
+{
+    unsigned int uvalue = ch;
+
+    s[1] = "0123456789ABCDEF"[uvalue % 16];
+    uvalue = (uvalue / 16);
+    s[0] = "0123456789ABCDEF"[uvalue % 16];
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* XXX: This is ridiculously complicated to be backward compatible
+ * (mostly) with the quopri module.  It doesn't re-create the quopri
+ * module bug where text ending in CRLF has the CR encoded */
+
+/*[clinic input]
+binascii.b2a_qp
+
+    data: Py_buffer
+    quotetabs: bool(accept={int}) = False
+    istext: bool(accept={int}) = True
+    header: bool(accept={int}) = False
+
+Encode a string using quoted-printable encoding.
+
+On encoding, when istext is set, newlines are not encoded, and white
+space at end of lines is.  When istext is not set, \r and \n (CR/LF)
+are both encoded.  When quotetabs is set, space and tabs are encoded.
+[clinic start generated code]*/
+
+static PyObject *
+binascii_b2a_qp_impl(PyObject *module, Py_buffer *data, int quotetabs,
+                     int istext, int header)
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=e9884472ebb1a94c input=21fb7eea4a184ba6]*/
+{
+    Py_ssize_t in, out;
+    const unsigned char *databuf;
+    unsigned char *odata;
+    Py_ssize_t datalen = 0, odatalen = 0;
+    PyObject *rv;
+    unsigned int linelen = 0;
+    unsigned char ch;
+    int crlf = 0;
+    const unsigned char *p;
+
+    databuf = data->buf;
+    datalen = data->len;
+
+    /* See if this string is using CRLF line ends */
+    /* XXX: this function has the side effect of converting all of
+     * the end of lines to be the same depending on this detection
+     * here */
+    p = (const unsigned char *) memchr(databuf, '\n', datalen);
+    if ((p != NULL) && (p > databuf) && (*(p-1) == '\r'))
+        crlf = 1;
+
+    /* First, scan to see how many characters need to be encoded */
+    in = 0;
+    while (in < datalen) {
+        Py_ssize_t delta = 0;
+        if ((databuf[in] > 126) ||
+            (databuf[in] == '=') ||
+            (header && databuf[in] == '_') ||
+            ((databuf[in] == '.') && (linelen == 0) &&
+             (in + 1 == datalen || databuf[in+1] == '\n' ||
+              databuf[in+1] == '\r' || databuf[in+1] == 0)) ||
+            (!istext && ((databuf[in] == '\r') || (databuf[in] == '\n'))) ||
+            ((databuf[in] == '\t' || databuf[in] == ' ') && (in + 1 == datalen)) ||
+            ((databuf[in] < 33) &&
+             (databuf[in] != '\r') && (databuf[in] != '\n') &&
+             (quotetabs || ((databuf[in] != '\t') && (databuf[in] != ' ')))))
+        {
+            if ((linelen + 3) >= MAXLINESIZE) {
+                linelen = 0;
+                if (crlf)
+                    delta += 3;
+                else
+                    delta += 2;
+            }
+            linelen += 3;
+            delta += 3;
+            in++;
+        }
+        else {
+            if (istext &&
+                ((databuf[in] == '\n') ||
+                 ((in+1 < datalen) && (databuf[in] == '\r') &&
+                 (databuf[in+1] == '\n'))))
+            {
+                linelen = 0;
+                /* Protect against whitespace on end of line */
+                if (in && ((databuf[in-1] == ' ') || (databuf[in-1] == '\t')))
+                    delta += 2;
+                if (crlf)
+                    delta += 2;
+                else
+                    delta += 1;
+                if (databuf[in] == '\r')
+                    in += 2;
+                else
+                    in++;
+            }
+            else {
+                if ((in + 1 != datalen) &&
+                    (databuf[in+1] != '\n') &&
+                    (linelen + 1) >= MAXLINESIZE) {
+                    linelen = 0;
+                    if (crlf)
+                        delta += 3;
+                    else
+                        delta += 2;
+                }
+                linelen++;
+                delta++;
+                in++;
+            }
+        }
+        if (PY_SSIZE_T_MAX - delta < odatalen) {
+            PyErr_NoMemory();
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        odatalen += delta;
+    }
+
+    /* We allocate the output same size as input, this is overkill.
+     */
+    odata = (unsigned char *) PyMem_Calloc(1, odatalen);
+    if (odata == NULL) {
+        PyErr_NoMemory();
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    in = out = linelen = 0;
+    while (in < datalen) {
+        if ((databuf[in] > 126) ||
+            (databuf[in] == '=') ||
+            (header && databuf[in] == '_') ||
+            ((databuf[in] == '.') && (linelen == 0) &&
+             (in + 1 == datalen || databuf[in+1] == '\n' ||
+              databuf[in+1] == '\r' || databuf[in+1] == 0)) ||
+            (!istext && ((databuf[in] == '\r') || (databuf[in] == '\n'))) ||
+            ((databuf[in] == '\t' || databuf[in] == ' ') && (in + 1 == datalen)) ||
+            ((databuf[in] < 33) &&
+             (databuf[in] != '\r') && (databuf[in] != '\n') &&
+             (quotetabs || ((databuf[in] != '\t') && (databuf[in] != ' ')))))
+        {
+            if ((linelen + 3 )>= MAXLINESIZE) {
+                odata[out++] = '=';
+                if (crlf) odata[out++] = '\r';
+                odata[out++] = '\n';
+                linelen = 0;
+            }
+            odata[out++] = '=';
+            to_hex(databuf[in], &odata[out]);
+            out += 2;
+            in++;
+            linelen += 3;
+        }
+        else {
+            if (istext &&
+                ((databuf[in] == '\n') ||
+                 ((in+1 < datalen) && (databuf[in] == '\r') &&
+                 (databuf[in+1] == '\n'))))
+            {
+                linelen = 0;
+                /* Protect against whitespace on end of line */
+                if (out && ((odata[out-1] == ' ') || (odata[out-1] == '\t'))) {
+                    ch = odata[out-1];
+                    odata[out-1] = '=';
+                    to_hex(ch, &odata[out]);
+                    out += 2;
+                }
+
+                if (crlf) odata[out++] = '\r';
+                odata[out++] = '\n';
+                if (databuf[in] == '\r')
+                    in += 2;
+                else
+                    in++;
+            }
+            else {
+                if ((in + 1 != datalen) &&
+                    (databuf[in+1] != '\n') &&
+                    (linelen + 1) >= MAXLINESIZE) {
+                    odata[out++] = '=';
+                    if (crlf) odata[out++] = '\r';
+                    odata[out++] = '\n';
+                    linelen = 0;
+                }
+                linelen++;
+                if (header && databuf[in] == ' ') {
+                    odata[out++] = '_';
+                    in++;
+                }
+                else {
+                    odata[out++] = databuf[in++];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if ((rv = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize((char *)odata, out)) == NULL) {
+        PyMem_Free(odata);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    PyMem_Free(odata);
+    return rv;
+}
+
+/* List of functions defined in the module */
+
+static struct PyMethodDef binascii_module_methods[] = {
+    BINASCII_A2B_UU_METHODDEF
+    BINASCII_B2A_UU_METHODDEF
+    BINASCII_A2B_BASE64_METHODDEF
+    BINASCII_B2A_BASE64_METHODDEF
+    BINASCII_A2B_HQX_METHODDEF
+    BINASCII_B2A_HQX_METHODDEF
+    BINASCII_A2B_HEX_METHODDEF
+    BINASCII_B2A_HEX_METHODDEF
+    BINASCII_HEXLIFY_METHODDEF
+    BINASCII_UNHEXLIFY_METHODDEF
+    BINASCII_RLECODE_HQX_METHODDEF
+    BINASCII_RLEDECODE_HQX_METHODDEF
+    BINASCII_CRC_HQX_METHODDEF
+    BINASCII_CRC32_METHODDEF
+    BINASCII_A2B_QP_METHODDEF
+    BINASCII_B2A_QP_METHODDEF
+    {NULL, NULL}                             /* sentinel */
+};
+
+
+/* Initialization function for the module (*must* be called PyInit_binascii) */
+PyDoc_STRVAR(doc_binascii, "Conversion between binary data and ASCII");
+
+static int
+binascii_exec(PyObject *module) {
+    int result;
+    binascii_state *state = PyModule_GetState(module);
+    if (state == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    state->Error = PyErr_NewException("binascii.Error", PyExc_ValueError, NULL);
+    if (state->Error == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    Py_INCREF(state->Error);
+    result = PyModule_AddObject(module, "Error", state->Error);
+    if (result == -1) {
+        Py_DECREF(state->Error);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    state->Incomplete = PyErr_NewException("binascii.Incomplete", NULL, NULL);
+    if (state->Incomplete == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    Py_INCREF(state->Incomplete);
+    result = PyModule_AddObject(module, "Incomplete", state->Incomplete);
+    if (result == -1) {
+        Py_DECREF(state->Incomplete);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static PyModuleDef_Slot binascii_slots[] = {
+    {Py_mod_exec, binascii_exec},
+    {0, NULL}
+};
+
+static int
+binascii_traverse(PyObject *module, visitproc visit, void *arg)
+{
+    binascii_state *state = get_binascii_state(module);
+    Py_VISIT(state->Error);
+    Py_VISIT(state->Incomplete);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+binascii_clear(PyObject *module)
+{
+    binascii_state *state = get_binascii_state(module);
+    Py_CLEAR(state->Error);
+    Py_CLEAR(state->Incomplete);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void
+binascii_free(void *module)
+{
+    binascii_clear((PyObject *)module);
+}
+
+static struct PyModuleDef binasciimodule = {
+    PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+    "binascii",
+    doc_binascii,
+    sizeof(binascii_state),
+    binascii_module_methods,
+    binascii_slots,
+    binascii_traverse,
+    binascii_clear,
+    binascii_free
+};
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC
+PyInit_binascii(void)
+{
+    return PyModuleDef_Init(&binasciimodule);
+}