Restoring authorship annotation for <[email protected]>. Commit 1 of 2.

1 files changed, 684 insertions, 684 deletions

diff --git a/contrib/tools/python3/src/Lib/webbrowser.py b/contrib/tools/python3/src/Lib/webbrowser.py
index 6023c1e1384..3c44db64a18 100644
--- a/contrib/tools/python3/src/Lib/webbrowser.py
+++ b/contrib/tools/python3/src/Lib/webbrowser.py
@@ -1,74 +1,74 @@
-#! /usr/bin/env python3
-"""Interfaces for launching and remotely controlling Web browsers."""
-# Maintained by Georg Brandl.
-
-import os
-import shlex
-import shutil
-import sys
-import subprocess
-import threading
-
-__all__ = ["Error", "open", "open_new", "open_new_tab", "get", "register"]
-
-class Error(Exception):
-    pass
-
-_lock = threading.RLock()
-_browsers = {}                  # Dictionary of available browser controllers
-_tryorder = None                # Preference order of available browsers
-_os_preferred_browser = None    # The preferred browser
-
-def register(name, klass, instance=None, *, preferred=False):
-    """Register a browser connector."""
-    with _lock:
-        if _tryorder is None:
-            register_standard_browsers()
-        _browsers[name.lower()] = [klass, instance]
-
-        # Preferred browsers go to the front of the list.
-        # Need to match to the default browser returned by xdg-settings, which
-        # may be of the form e.g. "firefox.desktop".
-        if preferred or (_os_preferred_browser and name in _os_preferred_browser):
-            _tryorder.insert(0, name)
-        else:
-            _tryorder.append(name)
-
-def get(using=None):
-    """Return a browser launcher instance appropriate for the environment."""
-    if _tryorder is None:
-        with _lock:
-            if _tryorder is None:
-                register_standard_browsers()
-    if using is not None:
-        alternatives = [using]
-    else:
-        alternatives = _tryorder
-    for browser in alternatives:
-        if '%s' in browser:
-            # User gave us a command line, split it into name and args
-            browser = shlex.split(browser)
-            if browser[-1] == '&':
-                return BackgroundBrowser(browser[:-1])
-            else:
-                return GenericBrowser(browser)
-        else:
-            # User gave us a browser name or path.
-            try:
-                command = _browsers[browser.lower()]
-            except KeyError:
-                command = _synthesize(browser)
-            if command[1] is not None:
-                return command[1]
-            elif command[0] is not None:
-                return command[0]()
-    raise Error("could not locate runnable browser")
-
-# Please note: the following definition hides a builtin function.
-# It is recommended one does "import webbrowser" and uses webbrowser.open(url)
-# instead of "from webbrowser import *".
-
-def open(url, new=0, autoraise=True):
+#! /usr/bin/env python3 
+"""Interfaces for launching and remotely controlling Web browsers.""" 
+# Maintained by Georg Brandl. 
+ 
+import os 
+import shlex 
+import shutil 
+import sys 
+import subprocess 
+import threading 
+ 
+__all__ = ["Error", "open", "open_new", "open_new_tab", "get", "register"] 
+ 
+class Error(Exception): 
+    pass 
+ 
+_lock = threading.RLock() 
+_browsers = {}                  # Dictionary of available browser controllers 
+_tryorder = None                # Preference order of available browsers 
+_os_preferred_browser = None    # The preferred browser 
+ 
+def register(name, klass, instance=None, *, preferred=False): 
+    """Register a browser connector.""" 
+    with _lock: 
+        if _tryorder is None: 
+            register_standard_browsers() 
+        _browsers[name.lower()] = [klass, instance] 
+ 
+        # Preferred browsers go to the front of the list. 
+        # Need to match to the default browser returned by xdg-settings, which 
+        # may be of the form e.g. "firefox.desktop". 
+        if preferred or (_os_preferred_browser and name in _os_preferred_browser): 
+            _tryorder.insert(0, name) 
+        else: 
+            _tryorder.append(name) 
+ 
+def get(using=None): 
+    """Return a browser launcher instance appropriate for the environment.""" 
+    if _tryorder is None: 
+        with _lock: 
+            if _tryorder is None: 
+                register_standard_browsers() 
+    if using is not None: 
+        alternatives = [using] 
+    else: 
+        alternatives = _tryorder 
+    for browser in alternatives: 
+        if '%s' in browser: 
+            # User gave us a command line, split it into name and args 
+            browser = shlex.split(browser) 
+            if browser[-1] == '&': 
+                return BackgroundBrowser(browser[:-1]) 
+            else: 
+                return GenericBrowser(browser) 
+        else: 
+            # User gave us a browser name or path. 
+            try: 
+                command = _browsers[browser.lower()] 
+            except KeyError: 
+                command = _synthesize(browser) 
+            if command[1] is not None: 
+                return command[1] 
+            elif command[0] is not None: 
+                return command[0]() 
+    raise Error("could not locate runnable browser") 
+ 
+# Please note: the following definition hides a builtin function. 
+# It is recommended one does "import webbrowser" and uses webbrowser.open(url) 
+# instead of "from webbrowser import *". 
+ 
+def open(url, new=0, autoraise=True): 
     """Display url using the default browser.
 
     If possible, open url in a location determined by new.
@@ -77,637 +77,637 @@ def open(url, new=0, autoraise=True):
     - 2: a new browser page ("tab").
     If possible, autoraise raises the window (the default) or not.
     """
-    if _tryorder is None:
-        with _lock:
-            if _tryorder is None:
-                register_standard_browsers()
-    for name in _tryorder:
-        browser = get(name)
-        if browser.open(url, new, autoraise):
-            return True
-    return False
-
-def open_new(url):
+    if _tryorder is None: 
+        with _lock: 
+            if _tryorder is None: 
+                register_standard_browsers() 
+    for name in _tryorder: 
+        browser = get(name) 
+        if browser.open(url, new, autoraise): 
+            return True 
+    return False 
+ 
+def open_new(url): 
     """Open url in a new window of the default browser.
 
     If not possible, then open url in the only browser window.
     """
-    return open(url, 1)
-
-def open_new_tab(url):
+    return open(url, 1) 
+ 
+def open_new_tab(url): 
     """Open url in a new page ("tab") of the default browser.
 
     If not possible, then the behavior becomes equivalent to open_new().
     """
-    return open(url, 2)
-
-
-def _synthesize(browser, *, preferred=False):
+    return open(url, 2) 
+ 
+ 
+def _synthesize(browser, *, preferred=False): 
     """Attempt to synthesize a controller based on existing controllers.
-
-    This is useful to create a controller when a user specifies a path to
-    an entry in the BROWSER environment variable -- we can copy a general
-    controller to operate using a specific installation of the desired
-    browser in this way.
-
-    If we can't create a controller in this way, or if there is no
-    executable for the requested browser, return [None, None].
-
-    """
-    cmd = browser.split()[0]
-    if not shutil.which(cmd):
-        return [None, None]
-    name = os.path.basename(cmd)
-    try:
-        command = _browsers[name.lower()]
-    except KeyError:
-        return [None, None]
-    # now attempt to clone to fit the new name:
-    controller = command[1]
-    if controller and name.lower() == controller.basename:
-        import copy
-        controller = copy.copy(controller)
-        controller.name = browser
-        controller.basename = os.path.basename(browser)
-        register(browser, None, instance=controller, preferred=preferred)
-        return [None, controller]
-    return [None, None]
-
-
-# General parent classes
-
-class BaseBrowser(object):
-    """Parent class for all browsers. Do not use directly."""
-
-    args = ['%s']
-
-    def __init__(self, name=""):
-        self.name = name
-        self.basename = name
-
-    def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    def open_new(self, url):
-        return self.open(url, 1)
-
-    def open_new_tab(self, url):
-        return self.open(url, 2)
-
-
-class GenericBrowser(BaseBrowser):
-    """Class for all browsers started with a command
-       and without remote functionality."""
-
-    def __init__(self, name):
-        if isinstance(name, str):
-            self.name = name
-            self.args = ["%s"]
-        else:
-            # name should be a list with arguments
-            self.name = name[0]
-            self.args = name[1:]
-        self.basename = os.path.basename(self.name)
-
-    def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
+ 
+    This is useful to create a controller when a user specifies a path to 
+    an entry in the BROWSER environment variable -- we can copy a general 
+    controller to operate using a specific installation of the desired 
+    browser in this way. 
+ 
+    If we can't create a controller in this way, or if there is no 
+    executable for the requested browser, return [None, None]. 
+ 
+    """ 
+    cmd = browser.split()[0] 
+    if not shutil.which(cmd): 
+        return [None, None] 
+    name = os.path.basename(cmd) 
+    try: 
+        command = _browsers[name.lower()] 
+    except KeyError: 
+        return [None, None] 
+    # now attempt to clone to fit the new name: 
+    controller = command[1] 
+    if controller and name.lower() == controller.basename: 
+        import copy 
+        controller = copy.copy(controller) 
+        controller.name = browser 
+        controller.basename = os.path.basename(browser) 
+        register(browser, None, instance=controller, preferred=preferred) 
+        return [None, controller] 
+    return [None, None] 
+ 
+ 
+# General parent classes 
+ 
+class BaseBrowser(object): 
+    """Parent class for all browsers. Do not use directly.""" 
+ 
+    args = ['%s'] 
+ 
+    def __init__(self, name=""): 
+        self.name = name 
+        self.basename = name 
+ 
+    def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True): 
+        raise NotImplementedError 
+ 
+    def open_new(self, url): 
+        return self.open(url, 1) 
+ 
+    def open_new_tab(self, url): 
+        return self.open(url, 2) 
+ 
+ 
+class GenericBrowser(BaseBrowser): 
+    """Class for all browsers started with a command 
+       and without remote functionality.""" 
+ 
+    def __init__(self, name): 
+        if isinstance(name, str): 
+            self.name = name 
+            self.args = ["%s"] 
+        else: 
+            # name should be a list with arguments 
+            self.name = name[0] 
+            self.args = name[1:] 
+        self.basename = os.path.basename(self.name) 
+ 
+    def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True): 
         sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
-        cmdline = [self.name] + [arg.replace("%s", url)
-                                 for arg in self.args]
-        try:
-            if sys.platform[:3] == 'win':
-                p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline)
-            else:
-                p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True)
-            return not p.wait()
-        except OSError:
-            return False
-
-
-class BackgroundBrowser(GenericBrowser):
-    """Class for all browsers which are to be started in the
-       background."""
-
-    def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
-        cmdline = [self.name] + [arg.replace("%s", url)
-                                 for arg in self.args]
+        cmdline = [self.name] + [arg.replace("%s", url) 
+                                 for arg in self.args] 
+        try: 
+            if sys.platform[:3] == 'win': 
+                p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline) 
+            else: 
+                p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True) 
+            return not p.wait() 
+        except OSError: 
+            return False 
+ 
+ 
+class BackgroundBrowser(GenericBrowser): 
+    """Class for all browsers which are to be started in the 
+       background.""" 
+ 
+    def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True): 
+        cmdline = [self.name] + [arg.replace("%s", url) 
+                                 for arg in self.args] 
         sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
-        try:
-            if sys.platform[:3] == 'win':
-                p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline)
-            else:
-                p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True,
-                                     start_new_session=True)
-            return (p.poll() is None)
-        except OSError:
-            return False
-
-
-class UnixBrowser(BaseBrowser):
-    """Parent class for all Unix browsers with remote functionality."""
-
-    raise_opts = None
-    background = False
-    redirect_stdout = True
-    # In remote_args, %s will be replaced with the requested URL.  %action will
-    # be replaced depending on the value of 'new' passed to open.
-    # remote_action is used for new=0 (open).  If newwin is not None, it is
-    # used for new=1 (open_new).  If newtab is not None, it is used for
-    # new=3 (open_new_tab).  After both substitutions are made, any empty
-    # strings in the transformed remote_args list will be removed.
-    remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
-    remote_action = None
-    remote_action_newwin = None
-    remote_action_newtab = None
-
+        try: 
+            if sys.platform[:3] == 'win': 
+                p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline) 
+            else: 
+                p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True, 
+                                     start_new_session=True) 
+            return (p.poll() is None) 
+        except OSError: 
+            return False 
+ 
+ 
+class UnixBrowser(BaseBrowser): 
+    """Parent class for all Unix browsers with remote functionality.""" 
+ 
+    raise_opts = None 
+    background = False 
+    redirect_stdout = True 
+    # In remote_args, %s will be replaced with the requested URL.  %action will 
+    # be replaced depending on the value of 'new' passed to open. 
+    # remote_action is used for new=0 (open).  If newwin is not None, it is 
+    # used for new=1 (open_new).  If newtab is not None, it is used for 
+    # new=3 (open_new_tab).  After both substitutions are made, any empty 
+    # strings in the transformed remote_args list will be removed. 
+    remote_args = ['%action', '%s'] 
+    remote_action = None 
+    remote_action_newwin = None 
+    remote_action_newtab = None 
+ 
     def _invoke(self, args, remote, autoraise, url=None):
-        raise_opt = []
-        if remote and self.raise_opts:
-            # use autoraise argument only for remote invocation
-            autoraise = int(autoraise)
-            opt = self.raise_opts[autoraise]
-            if opt: raise_opt = [opt]
-
-        cmdline = [self.name] + raise_opt + args
-
-        if remote or self.background:
-            inout = subprocess.DEVNULL
-        else:
-            # for TTY browsers, we need stdin/out
-            inout = None
-        p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True, stdin=inout,
-                             stdout=(self.redirect_stdout and inout or None),
-                             stderr=inout, start_new_session=True)
-        if remote:
-            # wait at most five seconds. If the subprocess is not finished, the
-            # remote invocation has (hopefully) started a new instance.
-            try:
-                rc = p.wait(5)
-                # if remote call failed, open() will try direct invocation
-                return not rc
-            except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
-                return True
-        elif self.background:
-            if p.poll() is None:
-                return True
-            else:
-                return False
-        else:
-            return not p.wait()
-
-    def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
+        raise_opt = [] 
+        if remote and self.raise_opts: 
+            # use autoraise argument only for remote invocation 
+            autoraise = int(autoraise) 
+            opt = self.raise_opts[autoraise] 
+            if opt: raise_opt = [opt] 
+ 
+        cmdline = [self.name] + raise_opt + args 
+ 
+        if remote or self.background: 
+            inout = subprocess.DEVNULL 
+        else: 
+            # for TTY browsers, we need stdin/out 
+            inout = None 
+        p = subprocess.Popen(cmdline, close_fds=True, stdin=inout, 
+                             stdout=(self.redirect_stdout and inout or None), 
+                             stderr=inout, start_new_session=True) 
+        if remote: 
+            # wait at most five seconds. If the subprocess is not finished, the 
+            # remote invocation has (hopefully) started a new instance. 
+            try: 
+                rc = p.wait(5) 
+                # if remote call failed, open() will try direct invocation 
+                return not rc 
+            except subprocess.TimeoutExpired: 
+                return True 
+        elif self.background: 
+            if p.poll() is None: 
+                return True 
+            else: 
+                return False 
+        else: 
+            return not p.wait() 
+ 
+    def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True): 
         sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
-        if new == 0:
-            action = self.remote_action
-        elif new == 1:
-            action = self.remote_action_newwin
-        elif new == 2:
-            if self.remote_action_newtab is None:
-                action = self.remote_action_newwin
-            else:
-                action = self.remote_action_newtab
-        else:
-            raise Error("Bad 'new' parameter to open(); " +
-                        "expected 0, 1, or 2, got %s" % new)
-
-        args = [arg.replace("%s", url).replace("%action", action)
-                for arg in self.remote_args]
-        args = [arg for arg in args if arg]
+        if new == 0: 
+            action = self.remote_action 
+        elif new == 1: 
+            action = self.remote_action_newwin 
+        elif new == 2: 
+            if self.remote_action_newtab is None: 
+                action = self.remote_action_newwin 
+            else: 
+                action = self.remote_action_newtab 
+        else: 
+            raise Error("Bad 'new' parameter to open(); " + 
+                        "expected 0, 1, or 2, got %s" % new) 
+ 
+        args = [arg.replace("%s", url).replace("%action", action) 
+                for arg in self.remote_args] 
+        args = [arg for arg in args if arg] 
         success = self._invoke(args, True, autoraise, url)
-        if not success:
-            # remote invocation failed, try straight way
-            args = [arg.replace("%s", url) for arg in self.args]
-            return self._invoke(args, False, False)
-        else:
-            return True
-
-
-class Mozilla(UnixBrowser):
-    """Launcher class for Mozilla browsers."""
-
-    remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
-    remote_action = ""
-    remote_action_newwin = "-new-window"
-    remote_action_newtab = "-new-tab"
-    background = True
-
-
-class Netscape(UnixBrowser):
-    """Launcher class for Netscape browser."""
-
-    raise_opts = ["-noraise", "-raise"]
-    remote_args = ['-remote', 'openURL(%s%action)']
-    remote_action = ""
-    remote_action_newwin = ",new-window"
-    remote_action_newtab = ",new-tab"
-    background = True
-
-
-class Galeon(UnixBrowser):
-    """Launcher class for Galeon/Epiphany browsers."""
-
-    raise_opts = ["-noraise", ""]
-    remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
-    remote_action = "-n"
-    remote_action_newwin = "-w"
-    background = True
-
-
-class Chrome(UnixBrowser):
-    "Launcher class for Google Chrome browser."
-
-    remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
-    remote_action = ""
-    remote_action_newwin = "--new-window"
-    remote_action_newtab = ""
-    background = True
-
-Chromium = Chrome
-
-
-class Opera(UnixBrowser):
-    "Launcher class for Opera browser."
-
-    remote_args = ['%action', '%s']
-    remote_action = ""
-    remote_action_newwin = "--new-window"
-    remote_action_newtab = ""
-    background = True
-
-
-class Elinks(UnixBrowser):
-    "Launcher class for Elinks browsers."
-
-    remote_args = ['-remote', 'openURL(%s%action)']
-    remote_action = ""
-    remote_action_newwin = ",new-window"
-    remote_action_newtab = ",new-tab"
-    background = False
-
-    # elinks doesn't like its stdout to be redirected -
-    # it uses redirected stdout as a signal to do -dump
-    redirect_stdout = False
-
-
-class Konqueror(BaseBrowser):
-    """Controller for the KDE File Manager (kfm, or Konqueror).
-
-    See the output of ``kfmclient --commands``
-    for more information on the Konqueror remote-control interface.
-    """
-
-    def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
+        if not success: 
+            # remote invocation failed, try straight way 
+            args = [arg.replace("%s", url) for arg in self.args] 
+            return self._invoke(args, False, False) 
+        else: 
+            return True 
+ 
+ 
+class Mozilla(UnixBrowser): 
+    """Launcher class for Mozilla browsers.""" 
+ 
+    remote_args = ['%action', '%s'] 
+    remote_action = "" 
+    remote_action_newwin = "-new-window" 
+    remote_action_newtab = "-new-tab" 
+    background = True 
+ 
+ 
+class Netscape(UnixBrowser): 
+    """Launcher class for Netscape browser.""" 
+ 
+    raise_opts = ["-noraise", "-raise"] 
+    remote_args = ['-remote', 'openURL(%s%action)'] 
+    remote_action = "" 
+    remote_action_newwin = ",new-window" 
+    remote_action_newtab = ",new-tab" 
+    background = True 
+ 
+ 
+class Galeon(UnixBrowser): 
+    """Launcher class for Galeon/Epiphany browsers.""" 
+ 
+    raise_opts = ["-noraise", ""] 
+    remote_args = ['%action', '%s'] 
+    remote_action = "-n" 
+    remote_action_newwin = "-w" 
+    background = True 
+ 
+ 
+class Chrome(UnixBrowser): 
+    "Launcher class for Google Chrome browser." 
+ 
+    remote_args = ['%action', '%s'] 
+    remote_action = "" 
+    remote_action_newwin = "--new-window" 
+    remote_action_newtab = "" 
+    background = True 
+ 
+Chromium = Chrome 
+ 
+ 
+class Opera(UnixBrowser): 
+    "Launcher class for Opera browser." 
+ 
+    remote_args = ['%action', '%s'] 
+    remote_action = "" 
+    remote_action_newwin = "--new-window" 
+    remote_action_newtab = "" 
+    background = True 
+ 
+ 
+class Elinks(UnixBrowser): 
+    "Launcher class for Elinks browsers." 
+ 
+    remote_args = ['-remote', 'openURL(%s%action)'] 
+    remote_action = "" 
+    remote_action_newwin = ",new-window" 
+    remote_action_newtab = ",new-tab" 
+    background = False 
+ 
+    # elinks doesn't like its stdout to be redirected - 
+    # it uses redirected stdout as a signal to do -dump 
+    redirect_stdout = False 
+ 
+ 
+class Konqueror(BaseBrowser): 
+    """Controller for the KDE File Manager (kfm, or Konqueror). 
+ 
+    See the output of ``kfmclient --commands`` 
+    for more information on the Konqueror remote-control interface. 
+    """ 
+ 
+    def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True): 
         sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
-        # XXX Currently I know no way to prevent KFM from opening a new win.
-        if new == 2:
-            action = "newTab"
-        else:
-            action = "openURL"
-
-        devnull = subprocess.DEVNULL
-
-        try:
-            p = subprocess.Popen(["kfmclient", action, url],
-                                 close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
-                                 stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)
-        except OSError:
-            # fall through to next variant
-            pass
-        else:
-            p.wait()
-            # kfmclient's return code unfortunately has no meaning as it seems
-            return True
-
-        try:
-            p = subprocess.Popen(["konqueror", "--silent", url],
-                                 close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
-                                 stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull,
-                                 start_new_session=True)
-        except OSError:
-            # fall through to next variant
-            pass
-        else:
-            if p.poll() is None:
-                # Should be running now.
-                return True
-
-        try:
-            p = subprocess.Popen(["kfm", "-d", url],
-                                 close_fds=True, stdin=devnull,
-                                 stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull,
-                                 start_new_session=True)
-        except OSError:
-            return False
-        else:
-            return (p.poll() is None)
-
-
-class Grail(BaseBrowser):
-    # There should be a way to maintain a connection to Grail, but the
-    # Grail remote control protocol doesn't really allow that at this
-    # point.  It probably never will!
-    def _find_grail_rc(self):
-        import glob
-        import pwd
-        import socket
-        import tempfile
-        tempdir = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(),
-                               ".grail-unix")
-        user = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[0]
+        # XXX Currently I know no way to prevent KFM from opening a new win. 
+        if new == 2: 
+            action = "newTab" 
+        else: 
+            action = "openURL" 
+ 
+        devnull = subprocess.DEVNULL 
+ 
+        try: 
+            p = subprocess.Popen(["kfmclient", action, url], 
+                                 close_fds=True, stdin=devnull, 
+                                 stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull) 
+        except OSError: 
+            # fall through to next variant 
+            pass 
+        else: 
+            p.wait() 
+            # kfmclient's return code unfortunately has no meaning as it seems 
+            return True 
+ 
+        try: 
+            p = subprocess.Popen(["konqueror", "--silent", url], 
+                                 close_fds=True, stdin=devnull, 
+                                 stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull, 
+                                 start_new_session=True) 
+        except OSError: 
+            # fall through to next variant 
+            pass 
+        else: 
+            if p.poll() is None: 
+                # Should be running now. 
+                return True 
+ 
+        try: 
+            p = subprocess.Popen(["kfm", "-d", url], 
+                                 close_fds=True, stdin=devnull, 
+                                 stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull, 
+                                 start_new_session=True) 
+        except OSError: 
+            return False 
+        else: 
+            return (p.poll() is None) 
+ 
+ 
+class Grail(BaseBrowser): 
+    # There should be a way to maintain a connection to Grail, but the 
+    # Grail remote control protocol doesn't really allow that at this 
+    # point.  It probably never will! 
+    def _find_grail_rc(self): 
+        import glob 
+        import pwd 
+        import socket 
+        import tempfile 
+        tempdir = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), 
+                               ".grail-unix") 
+        user = pwd.getpwuid(os.getuid())[0] 
         filename = os.path.join(glob.escape(tempdir), glob.escape(user) + "-*")
-        maybes = glob.glob(filename)
-        if not maybes:
-            return None
-        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
-        for fn in maybes:
-            # need to PING each one until we find one that's live
-            try:
-                s.connect(fn)
-            except OSError:
-                # no good; attempt to clean it out, but don't fail:
-                try:
-                    os.unlink(fn)
-                except OSError:
-                    pass
-            else:
-                return s
-
-    def _remote(self, action):
-        s = self._find_grail_rc()
-        if not s:
-            return 0
-        s.send(action)
-        s.close()
-        return 1
-
-    def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
+        maybes = glob.glob(filename) 
+        if not maybes: 
+            return None 
+        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM) 
+        for fn in maybes: 
+            # need to PING each one until we find one that's live 
+            try: 
+                s.connect(fn) 
+            except OSError: 
+                # no good; attempt to clean it out, but don't fail: 
+                try: 
+                    os.unlink(fn) 
+                except OSError: 
+                    pass 
+            else: 
+                return s 
+ 
+    def _remote(self, action): 
+        s = self._find_grail_rc() 
+        if not s: 
+            return 0 
+        s.send(action) 
+        s.close() 
+        return 1 
+ 
+    def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True): 
         sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
-        if new:
-            ok = self._remote("LOADNEW " + url)
-        else:
-            ok = self._remote("LOAD " + url)
-        return ok
-
-
-#
-# Platform support for Unix
-#
-
-# These are the right tests because all these Unix browsers require either
-# a console terminal or an X display to run.
-
-def register_X_browsers():
-
-    # use xdg-open if around
-    if shutil.which("xdg-open"):
-        register("xdg-open", None, BackgroundBrowser("xdg-open"))
-
-    # The default GNOME3 browser
-    if "GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID" in os.environ and shutil.which("gvfs-open"):
-        register("gvfs-open", None, BackgroundBrowser("gvfs-open"))
-
-    # The default GNOME browser
-    if "GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID" in os.environ and shutil.which("gnome-open"):
-        register("gnome-open", None, BackgroundBrowser("gnome-open"))
-
-    # The default KDE browser
-    if "KDE_FULL_SESSION" in os.environ and shutil.which("kfmclient"):
-        register("kfmclient", Konqueror, Konqueror("kfmclient"))
-
-    if shutil.which("x-www-browser"):
-        register("x-www-browser", None, BackgroundBrowser("x-www-browser"))
-
-    # The Mozilla browsers
-    for browser in ("firefox", "iceweasel", "iceape", "seamonkey"):
-        if shutil.which(browser):
-            register(browser, None, Mozilla(browser))
-
-    # The Netscape and old Mozilla browsers
-    for browser in ("mozilla-firefox",
-                    "mozilla-firebird", "firebird",
-                    "mozilla", "netscape"):
-        if shutil.which(browser):
-            register(browser, None, Netscape(browser))
-
-    # Konqueror/kfm, the KDE browser.
-    if shutil.which("kfm"):
-        register("kfm", Konqueror, Konqueror("kfm"))
-    elif shutil.which("konqueror"):
-        register("konqueror", Konqueror, Konqueror("konqueror"))
-
-    # Gnome's Galeon and Epiphany
-    for browser in ("galeon", "epiphany"):
-        if shutil.which(browser):
-            register(browser, None, Galeon(browser))
-
-    # Skipstone, another Gtk/Mozilla based browser
-    if shutil.which("skipstone"):
-        register("skipstone", None, BackgroundBrowser("skipstone"))
-
-    # Google Chrome/Chromium browsers
-    for browser in ("google-chrome", "chrome", "chromium", "chromium-browser"):
-        if shutil.which(browser):
-            register(browser, None, Chrome(browser))
-
-    # Opera, quite popular
-    if shutil.which("opera"):
-        register("opera", None, Opera("opera"))
-
-    # Next, Mosaic -- old but still in use.
-    if shutil.which("mosaic"):
-        register("mosaic", None, BackgroundBrowser("mosaic"))
-
-    # Grail, the Python browser. Does anybody still use it?
-    if shutil.which("grail"):
-        register("grail", Grail, None)
-
-def register_standard_browsers():
-    global _tryorder
-    _tryorder = []
-
-    if sys.platform == 'darwin':
-        register("MacOSX", None, MacOSXOSAScript('default'))
-        register("chrome", None, MacOSXOSAScript('chrome'))
-        register("firefox", None, MacOSXOSAScript('firefox'))
-        register("safari", None, MacOSXOSAScript('safari'))
-        # OS X can use below Unix support (but we prefer using the OS X
-        # specific stuff)
-
-    if sys.platform[:3] == "win":
-        # First try to use the default Windows browser
-        register("windows-default", WindowsDefault)
-
-        # Detect some common Windows browsers, fallback to IE
-        iexplore = os.path.join(os.environ.get("PROGRAMFILES", "C:\\Program Files"),
-                                "Internet Explorer\\IEXPLORE.EXE")
-        for browser in ("firefox", "firebird", "seamonkey", "mozilla",
-                        "netscape", "opera", iexplore):
-            if shutil.which(browser):
-                register(browser, None, BackgroundBrowser(browser))
-    else:
-        # Prefer X browsers if present
+        if new: 
+            ok = self._remote("LOADNEW " + url) 
+        else: 
+            ok = self._remote("LOAD " + url) 
+        return ok 
+ 
+ 
+# 
+# Platform support for Unix 
+# 
+ 
+# These are the right tests because all these Unix browsers require either 
+# a console terminal or an X display to run. 
+ 
+def register_X_browsers(): 
+ 
+    # use xdg-open if around 
+    if shutil.which("xdg-open"): 
+        register("xdg-open", None, BackgroundBrowser("xdg-open")) 
+ 
+    # The default GNOME3 browser 
+    if "GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID" in os.environ and shutil.which("gvfs-open"): 
+        register("gvfs-open", None, BackgroundBrowser("gvfs-open")) 
+ 
+    # The default GNOME browser 
+    if "GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID" in os.environ and shutil.which("gnome-open"): 
+        register("gnome-open", None, BackgroundBrowser("gnome-open")) 
+ 
+    # The default KDE browser 
+    if "KDE_FULL_SESSION" in os.environ and shutil.which("kfmclient"): 
+        register("kfmclient", Konqueror, Konqueror("kfmclient")) 
+ 
+    if shutil.which("x-www-browser"): 
+        register("x-www-browser", None, BackgroundBrowser("x-www-browser")) 
+ 
+    # The Mozilla browsers 
+    for browser in ("firefox", "iceweasel", "iceape", "seamonkey"): 
+        if shutil.which(browser): 
+            register(browser, None, Mozilla(browser)) 
+ 
+    # The Netscape and old Mozilla browsers 
+    for browser in ("mozilla-firefox", 
+                    "mozilla-firebird", "firebird", 
+                    "mozilla", "netscape"): 
+        if shutil.which(browser): 
+            register(browser, None, Netscape(browser)) 
+ 
+    # Konqueror/kfm, the KDE browser. 
+    if shutil.which("kfm"): 
+        register("kfm", Konqueror, Konqueror("kfm")) 
+    elif shutil.which("konqueror"): 
+        register("konqueror", Konqueror, Konqueror("konqueror")) 
+ 
+    # Gnome's Galeon and Epiphany 
+    for browser in ("galeon", "epiphany"): 
+        if shutil.which(browser): 
+            register(browser, None, Galeon(browser)) 
+ 
+    # Skipstone, another Gtk/Mozilla based browser 
+    if shutil.which("skipstone"): 
+        register("skipstone", None, BackgroundBrowser("skipstone")) 
+ 
+    # Google Chrome/Chromium browsers 
+    for browser in ("google-chrome", "chrome", "chromium", "chromium-browser"): 
+        if shutil.which(browser): 
+            register(browser, None, Chrome(browser)) 
+ 
+    # Opera, quite popular 
+    if shutil.which("opera"): 
+        register("opera", None, Opera("opera")) 
+ 
+    # Next, Mosaic -- old but still in use. 
+    if shutil.which("mosaic"): 
+        register("mosaic", None, BackgroundBrowser("mosaic")) 
+ 
+    # Grail, the Python browser. Does anybody still use it? 
+    if shutil.which("grail"): 
+        register("grail", Grail, None) 
+ 
+def register_standard_browsers(): 
+    global _tryorder 
+    _tryorder = [] 
+ 
+    if sys.platform == 'darwin': 
+        register("MacOSX", None, MacOSXOSAScript('default')) 
+        register("chrome", None, MacOSXOSAScript('chrome')) 
+        register("firefox", None, MacOSXOSAScript('firefox')) 
+        register("safari", None, MacOSXOSAScript('safari')) 
+        # OS X can use below Unix support (but we prefer using the OS X 
+        # specific stuff) 
+ 
+    if sys.platform[:3] == "win": 
+        # First try to use the default Windows browser 
+        register("windows-default", WindowsDefault) 
+ 
+        # Detect some common Windows browsers, fallback to IE 
+        iexplore = os.path.join(os.environ.get("PROGRAMFILES", "C:\\Program Files"), 
+                                "Internet Explorer\\IEXPLORE.EXE") 
+        for browser in ("firefox", "firebird", "seamonkey", "mozilla", 
+                        "netscape", "opera", iexplore): 
+            if shutil.which(browser): 
+                register(browser, None, BackgroundBrowser(browser)) 
+    else: 
+        # Prefer X browsers if present 
         if os.environ.get("DISPLAY") or os.environ.get("WAYLAND_DISPLAY"):
-            try:
-                cmd = "xdg-settings get default-web-browser".split()
-                raw_result = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
-                result = raw_result.decode().strip()
+            try: 
+                cmd = "xdg-settings get default-web-browser".split() 
+                raw_result = subprocess.check_output(cmd, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL) 
+                result = raw_result.decode().strip() 
             except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.CalledProcessError, PermissionError, NotADirectoryError) :
-                pass
-            else:
-                global _os_preferred_browser
-                _os_preferred_browser = result
-
-            register_X_browsers()
-
-        # Also try console browsers
-        if os.environ.get("TERM"):
-            if shutil.which("www-browser"):
-                register("www-browser", None, GenericBrowser("www-browser"))
-            # The Links/elinks browsers <http://artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/~mikulas/links/>
-            if shutil.which("links"):
-                register("links", None, GenericBrowser("links"))
-            if shutil.which("elinks"):
-                register("elinks", None, Elinks("elinks"))
-            # The Lynx browser <http://lynx.isc.org/>, <http://lynx.browser.org/>
-            if shutil.which("lynx"):
-                register("lynx", None, GenericBrowser("lynx"))
-            # The w3m browser <http://w3m.sourceforge.net/>
-            if shutil.which("w3m"):
-                register("w3m", None, GenericBrowser("w3m"))
-
-    # OK, now that we know what the default preference orders for each
-    # platform are, allow user to override them with the BROWSER variable.
-    if "BROWSER" in os.environ:
-        userchoices = os.environ["BROWSER"].split(os.pathsep)
-        userchoices.reverse()
-
-        # Treat choices in same way as if passed into get() but do register
-        # and prepend to _tryorder
-        for cmdline in userchoices:
-            if cmdline != '':
-                cmd = _synthesize(cmdline, preferred=True)
-                if cmd[1] is None:
-                    register(cmdline, None, GenericBrowser(cmdline), preferred=True)
-
-    # what to do if _tryorder is now empty?
-
-
-#
-# Platform support for Windows
-#
-
-if sys.platform[:3] == "win":
-    class WindowsDefault(BaseBrowser):
-        def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
+                pass 
+            else: 
+                global _os_preferred_browser 
+                _os_preferred_browser = result 
+ 
+            register_X_browsers() 
+ 
+        # Also try console browsers 
+        if os.environ.get("TERM"): 
+            if shutil.which("www-browser"): 
+                register("www-browser", None, GenericBrowser("www-browser")) 
+            # The Links/elinks browsers <http://artax.karlin.mff.cuni.cz/~mikulas/links/> 
+            if shutil.which("links"): 
+                register("links", None, GenericBrowser("links")) 
+            if shutil.which("elinks"): 
+                register("elinks", None, Elinks("elinks")) 
+            # The Lynx browser <http://lynx.isc.org/>, <http://lynx.browser.org/> 
+            if shutil.which("lynx"): 
+                register("lynx", None, GenericBrowser("lynx")) 
+            # The w3m browser <http://w3m.sourceforge.net/> 
+            if shutil.which("w3m"): 
+                register("w3m", None, GenericBrowser("w3m")) 
+ 
+    # OK, now that we know what the default preference orders for each 
+    # platform are, allow user to override them with the BROWSER variable. 
+    if "BROWSER" in os.environ: 
+        userchoices = os.environ["BROWSER"].split(os.pathsep) 
+        userchoices.reverse() 
+ 
+        # Treat choices in same way as if passed into get() but do register 
+        # and prepend to _tryorder 
+        for cmdline in userchoices: 
+            if cmdline != '': 
+                cmd = _synthesize(cmdline, preferred=True) 
+                if cmd[1] is None: 
+                    register(cmdline, None, GenericBrowser(cmdline), preferred=True) 
+ 
+    # what to do if _tryorder is now empty? 
+ 
+ 
+# 
+# Platform support for Windows 
+# 
+ 
+if sys.platform[:3] == "win": 
+    class WindowsDefault(BaseBrowser): 
+        def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True): 
             sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
-            try:
-                os.startfile(url)
-            except OSError:
-                # [Error 22] No application is associated with the specified
-                # file for this operation: '<URL>'
-                return False
-            else:
-                return True
-
-#
-# Platform support for MacOS
-#
-
-if sys.platform == 'darwin':
-    # Adapted from patch submitted to SourceForge by Steven J. Burr
-    class MacOSX(BaseBrowser):
-        """Launcher class for Aqua browsers on Mac OS X
-
-        Optionally specify a browser name on instantiation.  Note that this
-        will not work for Aqua browsers if the user has moved the application
-        package after installation.
-
-        If no browser is specified, the default browser, as specified in the
-        Internet System Preferences panel, will be used.
-        """
-        def __init__(self, name):
-            self.name = name
-
-        def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
+            try: 
+                os.startfile(url) 
+            except OSError: 
+                # [Error 22] No application is associated with the specified 
+                # file for this operation: '<URL>' 
+                return False 
+            else: 
+                return True 
+ 
+# 
+# Platform support for MacOS 
+# 
+ 
+if sys.platform == 'darwin': 
+    # Adapted from patch submitted to SourceForge by Steven J. Burr 
+    class MacOSX(BaseBrowser): 
+        """Launcher class for Aqua browsers on Mac OS X 
+ 
+        Optionally specify a browser name on instantiation.  Note that this 
+        will not work for Aqua browsers if the user has moved the application 
+        package after installation. 
+ 
+        If no browser is specified, the default browser, as specified in the 
+        Internet System Preferences panel, will be used. 
+        """ 
+        def __init__(self, name): 
+            self.name = name 
+ 
+        def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True): 
             sys.audit("webbrowser.open", url)
-            assert "'" not in url
-            # hack for local urls
-            if not ':' in url:
-                url = 'file:'+url
-
-            # new must be 0 or 1
-            new = int(bool(new))
-            if self.name == "default":
-                # User called open, open_new or get without a browser parameter
-                script = 'open location "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22') # opens in default browser
-            else:
-                # User called get and chose a browser
-                if self.name == "OmniWeb":
-                    toWindow = ""
-                else:
-                    # Include toWindow parameter of OpenURL command for browsers
-                    # that support it.  0 == new window; -1 == existing
-                    toWindow = "toWindow %d" % (new - 1)
-                cmd = 'OpenURL "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22')
-                script = '''tell application "%s"
-                                activate
-                                %s %s
-                            end tell''' % (self.name, cmd, toWindow)
-            # Open pipe to AppleScript through osascript command
-            osapipe = os.popen("osascript", "w")
-            if osapipe is None:
-                return False
-            # Write script to osascript's stdin
-            osapipe.write(script)
-            rc = osapipe.close()
-            return not rc
-
-    class MacOSXOSAScript(BaseBrowser):
-        def __init__(self, name):
-            self._name = name
-
-        def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True):
-            if self._name == 'default':
-                script = 'open location "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22') # opens in default browser
-            else:
-                script = '''
-                   tell application "%s"
-                       activate
-                       open location "%s"
-                   end
-                   '''%(self._name, url.replace('"', '%22'))
-
-            osapipe = os.popen("osascript", "w")
-            if osapipe is None:
-                return False
-
-            osapipe.write(script)
-            rc = osapipe.close()
-            return not rc
-
-
-def main():
-    import getopt
-    usage = """Usage: %s [-n | -t] url
-    -n: open new window
-    -t: open new tab""" % sys.argv[0]
-    try:
-        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'ntd')
-    except getopt.error as msg:
-        print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
-        print(usage, file=sys.stderr)
-        sys.exit(1)
-    new_win = 0
-    for o, a in opts:
-        if o == '-n': new_win = 1
-        elif o == '-t': new_win = 2
-    if len(args) != 1:
-        print(usage, file=sys.stderr)
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    url = args[0]
-    open(url, new_win)
-
-    print("\a")
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
+            assert "'" not in url 
+            # hack for local urls 
+            if not ':' in url: 
+                url = 'file:'+url 
+ 
+            # new must be 0 or 1 
+            new = int(bool(new)) 
+            if self.name == "default": 
+                # User called open, open_new or get without a browser parameter 
+                script = 'open location "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22') # opens in default browser 
+            else: 
+                # User called get and chose a browser 
+                if self.name == "OmniWeb": 
+                    toWindow = "" 
+                else: 
+                    # Include toWindow parameter of OpenURL command for browsers 
+                    # that support it.  0 == new window; -1 == existing 
+                    toWindow = "toWindow %d" % (new - 1) 
+                cmd = 'OpenURL "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22') 
+                script = '''tell application "%s" 
+                                activate 
+                                %s %s 
+                            end tell''' % (self.name, cmd, toWindow) 
+            # Open pipe to AppleScript through osascript command 
+            osapipe = os.popen("osascript", "w") 
+            if osapipe is None: 
+                return False 
+            # Write script to osascript's stdin 
+            osapipe.write(script) 
+            rc = osapipe.close() 
+            return not rc 
+ 
+    class MacOSXOSAScript(BaseBrowser): 
+        def __init__(self, name): 
+            self._name = name 
+ 
+        def open(self, url, new=0, autoraise=True): 
+            if self._name == 'default': 
+                script = 'open location "%s"' % url.replace('"', '%22') # opens in default browser 
+            else: 
+                script = ''' 
+                   tell application "%s" 
+                       activate 
+                       open location "%s" 
+                   end 
+                   '''%(self._name, url.replace('"', '%22')) 
+ 
+            osapipe = os.popen("osascript", "w") 
+            if osapipe is None: 
+                return False 
+ 
+            osapipe.write(script) 
+            rc = osapipe.close() 
+            return not rc 
+ 
+ 
+def main(): 
+    import getopt 
+    usage = """Usage: %s [-n | -t] url 
+    -n: open new window 
+    -t: open new tab""" % sys.argv[0] 
+    try: 
+        opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'ntd') 
+    except getopt.error as msg: 
+        print(msg, file=sys.stderr) 
+        print(usage, file=sys.stderr) 
+        sys.exit(1) 
+    new_win = 0 
+    for o, a in opts: 
+        if o == '-n': new_win = 1 
+        elif o == '-t': new_win = 2 
+    if len(args) != 1: 
+        print(usage, file=sys.stderr) 
+        sys.exit(1) 
+ 
+    url = args[0] 
+    open(url, new_win) 
+ 
+    print("\a") 
+ 
+if __name__ == "__main__": 
+    main()