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-# Traitlets 
- 
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/ipython/traitlets.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ipython/traitlets) 
-[![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/traitlets/badge/?version=latest)](http://traitlets.readthedocs.org/en/latest/?badge=latest) 
- 
-Traitlets is a pure Python library enabling: 
- 
- - the enforcement of strong typing for attributes of Python objects 
-   (typed attributes are called "traits"), 
- - notifications on changes of trait attributes, 
- - automatic validation and coercion of trait attributes when attempting a 
-   change. 
- 
-Its implementation relies on the [descriptor](https://docs.python.org/howto/descriptor.html) 
-pattern.  
- 
-Traitlets powers the configuration system of IPython and Jupyter 
-and the declarative API of IPython interactive widgets. 
- 
-## Installation 
- 
-For a local installation, make sure you have 
-[pip installed](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/) and run: 
- 
-```bash 
-pip install traitlets 
-``` 
- 
-For a **development installation**, clone this repository, change into the 
-`traitlets` root directory, and run pip: 
- 
-```bash 
-git clone https://github.com/ipython/traitlets.git 
-cd traitlets 
-pip install -e . 
-``` 
- 
-## Running the tests 
- 
-```bash 
-pip install "traitlets[test]" 
-py.test traitlets 
-``` 
- 
-## Usage 
- 
-Any class with trait attributes must inherit from `HasTraits`. 
-For the list of available trait types and their properties, see the 
-[Trait Types](https://traitlets.readthedocs.io/en/latest/trait_types.html) 
-section of the documentation. 
- 
-### Dynamic default values 
- 
-To calculate a default value dynamically, decorate a method of your class with 
-`@default({traitname})`. This method will be called on the instance, and 
-should return the default value. In this example, the `_username_default` 
-method is decorated with `@default('username')`: 
- 
-```Python 
-import getpass 
-from traitlets import HasTraits, Unicode, default 
- 
-class Identity(HasTraits): 
-    username = Unicode() 
- 
-    @default('username') 
-    def _username_default(self): 
-        return getpass.getuser() 
-``` 
- 
-### Callbacks when a trait attribute changes 
- 
-When a trait changes, an application can follow this trait change with 
-additional actions.  
- 
-To do something when a trait attribute is changed, decorate a method with 
-[`traitlets.observe()`](https://traitlets.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html?highlight=observe#traitlets.observe).  
-The method will be called with a single argument, a dictionary which contains 
-an owner, new value, old value, name of the changed trait, and the event type. 
- 
-In this example, the `_num_changed` method is decorated with ``@observe(`num`)``: 
- 
-```Python 
-from traitlets import HasTraits, Integer, observe 
- 
-class TraitletsExample(HasTraits): 
-    num = Integer(5, help="a number").tag(config=True) 
- 
-    @observe('num') 
-    def _num_changed(self, change): 
-        print("{name} changed from {old} to {new}".format(**change)) 
-``` 
- 
-and is passed the following dictionary when called: 
- 
-```Python 
-{ 
-  'owner': object,  # The HasTraits instance 
-  'new': 6,         # The new value 
-  'old': 5,         # The old value 
-  'name': "foo",    # The name of the changed trait 
-  'type': 'change', # The event type of the notification, usually 'change' 
-} 
-``` 
- 
-### Validation and coercion 
- 
-Each trait type (`Int`, `Unicode`, `Dict` etc.) may have its own validation or 
-coercion logic. In addition, we can register custom cross-validators 
-that may depend on the state of other attributes. For example: 
- 
-```Python 
-from traitlets import HasTraits, TraitError, Int, Bool, validate 
- 
-class Parity(HasTraits): 
-    value = Int() 
-    parity = Int() 
- 
-    @validate('value') 
-    def _valid_value(self, proposal): 
-        if proposal['value'] % 2 != self.parity: 
-            raise TraitError('value and parity should be consistent') 
-        return proposal['value'] 
- 
-    @validate('parity') 
-    def _valid_parity(self, proposal): 
-        parity = proposal['value'] 
-        if parity not in [0, 1]: 
-            raise TraitError('parity should be 0 or 1') 
-        if self.value % 2 != parity: 
-            raise TraitError('value and parity should be consistent') 
-        return proposal['value'] 
- 
-parity_check = Parity(value=2) 
- 
-# Changing required parity and value together while holding cross validation 
-with parity_check.hold_trait_notifications(): 
-    parity_check.value = 1 
-    parity_check.parity = 1 
-``` 
- 
-However, we **recommend** that custom cross-validators don't modify the state 
-of the HasTraits instance. 
+# Traitlets
+
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/ipython/traitlets.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ipython/traitlets)
+[![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/traitlets/badge/?version=latest)](http://traitlets.readthedocs.org/en/latest/?badge=latest)
+
+Traitlets is a pure Python library enabling:
+
+ - the enforcement of strong typing for attributes of Python objects
+   (typed attributes are called "traits"),
+ - notifications on changes of trait attributes,
+ - automatic validation and coercion of trait attributes when attempting a
+   change.
+
+Its implementation relies on the [descriptor](https://docs.python.org/howto/descriptor.html)
+pattern. 
+
+Traitlets powers the configuration system of IPython and Jupyter
+and the declarative API of IPython interactive widgets.
+
+## Installation
+
+For a local installation, make sure you have
+[pip installed](https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/installing/) and run:
+
+```bash
+pip install traitlets
+```
+
+For a **development installation**, clone this repository, change into the
+`traitlets` root directory, and run pip:
+
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/ipython/traitlets.git
+cd traitlets
+pip install -e .
+```
+
+## Running the tests
+
+```bash
+pip install "traitlets[test]"
+py.test traitlets
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+Any class with trait attributes must inherit from `HasTraits`.
+For the list of available trait types and their properties, see the
+[Trait Types](https://traitlets.readthedocs.io/en/latest/trait_types.html)
+section of the documentation.
+
+### Dynamic default values
+
+To calculate a default value dynamically, decorate a method of your class with
+`@default({traitname})`. This method will be called on the instance, and
+should return the default value. In this example, the `_username_default`
+method is decorated with `@default('username')`:
+
+```Python
+import getpass
+from traitlets import HasTraits, Unicode, default
+
+class Identity(HasTraits):
+    username = Unicode()
+
+    @default('username')
+    def _username_default(self):
+        return getpass.getuser()
+```
+
+### Callbacks when a trait attribute changes
+
+When a trait changes, an application can follow this trait change with
+additional actions. 
+
+To do something when a trait attribute is changed, decorate a method with
+[`traitlets.observe()`](https://traitlets.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html?highlight=observe#traitlets.observe). 
+The method will be called with a single argument, a dictionary which contains
+an owner, new value, old value, name of the changed trait, and the event type.
+
+In this example, the `_num_changed` method is decorated with ``@observe(`num`)``:
+
+```Python
+from traitlets import HasTraits, Integer, observe
+
+class TraitletsExample(HasTraits):
+    num = Integer(5, help="a number").tag(config=True)
+
+    @observe('num')
+    def _num_changed(self, change):
+        print("{name} changed from {old} to {new}".format(**change))
+```
+
+and is passed the following dictionary when called:
+
+```Python
+{
+  'owner': object,  # The HasTraits instance
+  'new': 6,         # The new value
+  'old': 5,         # The old value
+  'name': "foo",    # The name of the changed trait
+  'type': 'change', # The event type of the notification, usually 'change'
+}
+```
+
+### Validation and coercion
+
+Each trait type (`Int`, `Unicode`, `Dict` etc.) may have its own validation or
+coercion logic. In addition, we can register custom cross-validators
+that may depend on the state of other attributes. For example:
+
+```Python
+from traitlets import HasTraits, TraitError, Int, Bool, validate
+
+class Parity(HasTraits):
+    value = Int()
+    parity = Int()
+
+    @validate('value')
+    def _valid_value(self, proposal):
+        if proposal['value'] % 2 != self.parity:
+            raise TraitError('value and parity should be consistent')
+        return proposal['value']
+
+    @validate('parity')
+    def _valid_parity(self, proposal):
+        parity = proposal['value']
+        if parity not in [0, 1]:
+            raise TraitError('parity should be 0 or 1')
+        if self.value % 2 != parity:
+            raise TraitError('value and parity should be consistent')
+        return proposal['value']
+
+parity_check = Parity(value=2)
+
+# Changing required parity and value together while holding cross validation
+with parity_check.hold_trait_notifications():
+    parity_check.value = 1
+    parity_check.parity = 1
+```
+
+However, we **recommend** that custom cross-validators don't modify the state
+of the HasTraits instance.