Change "ya.make"

38 files changed, 9776 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/__init__.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c3066b2e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# This file is necessary to make this directory a package.
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/__main__.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d32d511557
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import unittest
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromNames(
+    ['tests.test_debug.suite',
+     'tests.type.__main__.suite',
+     'tests.codec.__main__.suite',
+     'tests.compat.__main__.suite']
+)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/base.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f7513d8d9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import unittest
+
+from pyasn1 import debug
+
+
+class BaseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        debug.setLogger(debug.Debug('all', printer=lambda *x: None))
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        debug.setLogger(None)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/__init__.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c3066b2e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# This file is necessary to make this directory a package.
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/__main__.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b02f0723ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import unittest
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromNames(
+    ['tests.codec.test_streaming.suite',
+     'tests.codec.ber.__main__.suite',
+     'tests.codec.cer.__main__.suite',
+     'tests.codec.der.__main__.suite',
+     'tests.codec.native.__main__.suite']
+)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/ber/__init__.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/ber/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c3066b2e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/ber/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# This file is necessary to make this directory a package.
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/ber/__main__.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/ber/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff38c97011
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/ber/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import unittest
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromNames(
+    ['tests.codec.ber.test_encoder.suite',
+     'tests.codec.ber.test_decoder.suite']
+)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/ber/test_decoder.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/ber/test_decoder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e238cd458
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/ber/test_decoder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1847 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import gzip
+import io
+import os
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import unittest
+import zipfile
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.type import tag
+from pyasn1.type import namedtype
+from pyasn1.type import opentype
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+from pyasn1.type import char
+from pyasn1.codec import streaming
+from pyasn1.codec.ber import decoder
+from pyasn1.codec.ber import eoo
+from pyasn1.compat.octets import ints2octs, str2octs, null
+from pyasn1 import error
+
+
+class LargeTagDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testLargeTag(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((127, 141, 245, 182, 253, 47, 3, 2, 1, 1))) == (1, null)
+
+    def testLongTag(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((0x1f, 2, 1, 0)))[0].tagSet == univ.Integer.tagSet
+
+    def testTagsEquivalence(self):
+        integer = univ.Integer(2).subtype(implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, 0, 0))
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((0x9f, 0x80, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02)), asn1Spec=integer) == decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((0x9f, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02)), asn1Spec=integer)
+
+
+class DecoderCacheTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testCache(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((0x1f, 2, 1, 0))) == decoder.decode(ints2octs((0x1f, 2, 1, 0)))
+
+
+class IntegerDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testPosInt(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((2, 1, 12))) == (12, null)
+
+    def testNegInt(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((2, 1, 244))) == (-12, null)
+
+    def testZero(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((2, 0))) == (0, null)
+
+    def testZeroLong(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((2, 1, 0))) == (0, null)
+
+    def testMinusOne(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((2, 1, 255))) == (-1, null)
+
+    def testPosLong(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((2, 9, 0, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255))
+        ) == (0xffffffffffffffff, null)
+
+    def testNegLong(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((2, 9, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1))
+        ) == (-0xffffffffffffffff, null)
+
+    def testSpec(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=univ.Null()
+            ) == (12, null)
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'wrong asn1Spec worked out'
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=univ.Integer()
+        ) == (12, null)
+
+    def testTagFormat(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((34, 1, 12)))
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'wrong tagFormat worked out'
+
+
+class BooleanDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testTrue(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((1, 1, 1))) == (1, null)
+
+    def testTrueNeg(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((1, 1, 255))) == (1, null)
+
+    def testExtraTrue(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((1, 1, 1, 0, 120, 50, 50))) == (1, ints2octs((0, 120, 50, 50)))
+
+    def testFalse(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((1, 1, 0))) == (0, null)
+
+    def testTagFormat(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((33, 1, 1)))
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'wrong tagFormat worked out'
+
+
+class BitStringDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((3, 3, 1, 169, 138))
+        ) == ((1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1), null)
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((3, 3, 1, 169, 138))
+        ) == ((1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1), null)
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((35, 8, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138))
+        ) == ((1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1), null)
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((35, 128, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138, 0, 0))
+        ) == ((1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1), null)
+
+    def testDefModeChunkedSubst(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((35, 8, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138)),
+            substrateFun=lambda a, b, c, d: streaming.readFromStream(b, c)
+        ) == (ints2octs((3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138)), str2octs(''))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunkedSubst(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((35, 128, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138, 0, 0)),
+            substrateFun=lambda a, b, c, d: streaming.readFromStream(b, c)
+        ) == (ints2octs((3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138, 0, 0)), str2octs(''))
+
+    def testTypeChecking(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((35, 4, 2, 2, 42, 42)))
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'accepted mis-encoded bit-string constructed out of an integer'
+
+
+class OctetStringDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120))
+        ) == (str2octs('Quick brown fox'), null)
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((36, 128, 4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120, 0, 0))
+        ) == (str2octs('Quick brown fox'), null)
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs(
+                (36, 23, 4, 4, 81, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 4, 111, 119, 110, 32, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120))
+        ) == (str2octs('Quick brown fox'), null)
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((36, 128, 4, 4, 81, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 4, 111, 119, 110, 32, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120, 0, 0))
+        ) == (str2octs('Quick brown fox'), null)
+
+    def testDefModeChunkedSubst(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs(
+                (36, 23, 4, 4, 81, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 4, 111, 119, 110, 32, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120)),
+            substrateFun=lambda a, b, c, d: streaming.readFromStream(b, c)
+        ) == (ints2octs((4, 4, 81, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 4, 111, 119, 110, 32, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120)), str2octs(''))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunkedSubst(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((36, 128, 4, 4, 81, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 4, 111, 119, 110, 32, 4, 3, 102, 111,
+                       120, 0, 0)),
+            substrateFun=lambda a, b, c, d: streaming.readFromStream(b, c)
+        ) == (ints2octs(
+            (4, 4, 81, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 4, 111, 119, 110, 32, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120, 0, 0)), str2octs(''))
+
+
+class ExpTaggedOctetStringDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.o = univ.OctetString(
+            'Quick brown fox',
+            tagSet=univ.OctetString.tagSet.tagExplicitly(
+                tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 5)
+            ))
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        o, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((101, 17, 4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120))
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert self.o == o
+        assert self.o.tagSet == o.tagSet
+        assert self.o.isSameTypeWith(o)
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        o, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((101, 128, 36, 128, 4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert self.o == o
+        assert self.o.tagSet == o.tagSet
+        assert self.o.isSameTypeWith(o)
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        o, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((101, 25, 36, 23, 4, 4, 81, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 4, 111, 119, 110, 32, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120))
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert self.o == o
+        assert self.o.tagSet == o.tagSet
+        assert self.o.isSameTypeWith(o)
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        o, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((101, 128, 36, 128, 4, 4, 81, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 4, 111, 119, 110, 32, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert self.o == o
+        assert self.o.tagSet == o.tagSet
+        assert self.o.isSameTypeWith(o)
+
+    def testDefModeSubst(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((101, 17, 4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120)),
+            substrateFun=lambda a, b, c, d: streaming.readFromStream(b, c)
+        ) == (ints2octs((4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120)), str2octs(''))
+
+    def testIndefModeSubst(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((
+                      101, 128, 36, 128, 4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120, 0,
+                      0, 0, 0)),
+            substrateFun=lambda a, b, c, d: streaming.readFromStream(b, c)
+        ) == (ints2octs(
+            (36, 128, 4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120, 0, 0, 0, 0)), str2octs(''))
+
+
+class NullDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testNull(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((5, 0))) == (null, null)
+
+    def testTagFormat(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((37, 0)))
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'wrong tagFormat worked out'
+
+
+# Useful analysis of OID encoding issues could be found here:
+# https://misc.daniel-marschall.de/asn.1/oid_facts.html
+class ObjectIdentifierDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testOne(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((6, 6, 43, 6, 0, 191, 255, 126))
+        ) == ((1, 3, 6, 0, 0xffffe), null)
+
+    def testEdge1(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((6, 1, 39))
+        ) == ((0, 39), null)
+
+    def testEdge2(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((6, 1, 79))
+        ) == ((1, 39), null)
+
+    def testEdge3(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((6, 1, 120))
+        ) == ((2, 40), null)
+
+    def testEdge4(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((6, 5, 0x90, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x4F))
+        ) == ((2, 0xffffffff), null)
+
+    def testEdge5(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((6, 1, 0x7F))
+        ) == ((2, 47), null)
+
+    def testEdge6(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((6, 2, 0x81, 0x00))
+        ) == ((2, 48), null)
+
+    def testEdge7(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((6, 3, 0x81, 0x34, 0x03))
+        ) == ((2, 100, 3), null)
+
+    def testEdge8(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((6, 2, 133, 0))
+        ) == ((2, 560), null)
+
+    def testEdge9(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((6, 4, 0x88, 0x84, 0x87, 0x02))
+        ) == ((2, 16843570), null)
+
+    def testNonLeading0x80(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((6, 5, 85, 4, 129, 128, 0)),
+        ) == ((2, 5, 4, 16384), null)
+
+    def testLeading0x80Case1(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((6, 5, 85, 4, 128, 129, 0))
+            )
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'Leading 0x80 tolerated'
+
+    def testLeading0x80Case2(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((6, 7, 1, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x7F))
+            )
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'Leading 0x80 tolerated'
+
+    def testLeading0x80Case3(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((6, 2, 0x80, 1))
+            )
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'Leading 0x80 tolerated'
+
+    def testLeading0x80Case4(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((6, 2, 0x80, 0x7F))
+            )
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'Leading 0x80 tolerated'
+
+    def testTagFormat(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((38, 1, 239)))
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'wrong tagFormat worked out'
+
+    def testZeroLength(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((6, 0, 0)))
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'zero length tolerated'
+
+    def testIndefiniteLength(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((6, 128, 0)))
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'indefinite length tolerated'
+
+    def testReservedLength(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((6, 255, 0)))
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'reserved length tolerated'
+
+    def testLarge1(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((0x06, 0x11, 0x83, 0xC6, 0xDF, 0xD4, 0xCC, 0xB3, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFE, 0xF0, 0xB8, 0xD6, 0xB8, 0xCB, 0xE2, 0xB7, 0x17))
+        ) == ((2, 18446744073709551535184467440737095), null)
+
+    def testLarge2(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((0x06, 0x13, 0x88, 0x37, 0x83, 0xC6, 0xDF, 0xD4, 0xCC, 0xB3, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFE, 0xF0, 0xB8, 0xD6, 0xB8, 0xCB, 0xE2, 0xB6, 0x47))
+        ) == ((2, 999, 18446744073709551535184467440737095), null)
+
+
+class RealDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testChar(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((9, 7, 3, 49, 50, 51, 69, 49, 49))
+        ) == (univ.Real((123, 10, 11)), null)
+
+    def testBin1(self):  # check base = 2
+        assert decoder.decode(  # (0.5, 2, 0) encoded with base = 2
+            ints2octs((9, 3, 128, 255, 1))
+        ) == (univ.Real((1, 2, -1)), null)
+
+    def testBin2(self):  # check base = 2 and scale factor
+        assert decoder.decode(  # (3.25, 2, 0) encoded with base = 8
+            ints2octs((9, 3, 148, 255, 13))
+        ) == (univ.Real((26, 2, -3)), null)
+
+    def testBin3(self):  # check base = 16
+        assert decoder.decode(  # (0.00390625, 2, 0) encoded with base = 16
+            ints2octs((9, 3, 160, 254, 1))
+        ) == (univ.Real((1, 2, -8)), null)
+
+    def testBin4(self):  # check exponent = 0
+        assert decoder.decode(  # (1, 2, 0) encoded with base = 2
+            ints2octs((9, 3, 128, 0, 1))
+        ) == (univ.Real((1, 2, 0)), null)
+
+    def testBin5(self):  # case of 2 octs for exponent and negative exponent
+        assert decoder.decode(  # (3, 2, -1020) encoded with base = 16
+            ints2octs((9, 4, 161, 255, 1, 3))
+        ) == (univ.Real((3, 2, -1020)), null)
+
+# TODO: this requires Real type comparison fix
+
+#    def testBin6(self):
+#        assert decoder.decode(
+#            ints2octs((9, 5, 162, 0, 255, 255, 1))
+#        ) == (univ.Real((1, 2, 262140)), null)
+
+#    def testBin7(self):
+#        assert decoder.decode(
+#            ints2octs((9, 7, 227, 4, 1, 35, 69, 103, 1))
+#        ) == (univ.Real((-1, 2, 76354972)), null)
+
+    def testPlusInf(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((9, 1, 64))
+        ) == (univ.Real('inf'), null)
+
+    def testMinusInf(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((9, 1, 65))
+        ) == (univ.Real('-inf'), null)
+
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((9, 0))
+        ) == (univ.Real(0.0), null)
+
+    def testTagFormat(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((41, 0)))
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'wrong tagFormat worked out'
+
+    def testShortEncoding(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((9, 1, 131)))
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'accepted too-short real'
+
+
+class UniversalStringDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testDecoder(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((28, 12, 0, 0, 0, 97, 0, 0, 0, 98, 0, 0, 0, 99))) == (char.UniversalString(sys.version_info[0] >= 3 and 'abc' or unicode('abc')), null)
+
+
+class BMPStringDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testDecoder(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((30, 6, 0, 97, 0, 98, 0, 99))) == (char.BMPString(sys.version_info[0] >= 3 and 'abc' or unicode('abc')), null)
+
+
+class UTF8StringDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testDecoder(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((12, 3, 97, 98, 99))) == (char.UTF8String(sys.version_info[0] >= 3 and 'abc' or unicode('abc')), null)
+
+
+class SequenceOfDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.s = univ.SequenceOf(componentType=univ.OctetString())
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0))
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 19, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110))
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testSchemalessDecoder(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=univ.SequenceOf()
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+
+class ExpTaggedSequenceOfDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    def testWithSchema(self):
+        s = univ.SequenceOf().subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 3))
+        s2, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((163, 15, 48, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=s
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s2 == [str2octs('quick brown')]
+        assert s.tagSet == s2.tagSet
+
+    def testWithoutSchema(self):
+        s = univ.SequenceOf().subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 3))
+        s2, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((163, 15, 48, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s2 == [str2octs('quick brown')]
+        assert s.tagSet == s2.tagSet
+
+
+class SequenceOfDecoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.SequenceOf(componentType=univ.OctetString())
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 19, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+
+class SetOfDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.SetOf(componentType=univ.OctetString())
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0))
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 19, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110))
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testSchemalessDecoder(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=univ.SetOf()
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+
+class SetOfDecoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.SetOf(componentType=univ.OctetString())
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 19, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null(null)),
+                namedtype.NamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString(null)),
+                namedtype.NamedType('age', univ.Integer(33))
+            )
+        )
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(null))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(1))
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedDefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 18, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs(
+                (48, 24, 5, 0, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedDefModeSubst(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 18, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1)),
+            substrateFun=lambda a, b, c, d: streaming.readFromStream(b, c)
+        ) == (ints2octs((5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1)), str2octs(''))
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefModeSubst(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0)),
+            substrateFun=lambda a, b, c, d: streaming.readFromStream(b, c)
+        ) == (ints2octs(
+            (5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0)), str2octs(''))
+
+    def testTagFormat(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((16, 18, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+            )
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'wrong tagFormat worked out'
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null(null)),
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(33)),
+            )
+        )
+
+    def __init(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(null))
+
+    def __initWithOptional(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(null))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+
+    def __initWithDefaulted(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(null))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(1))
+
+    def __initWithOptionalAndDefaulted(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(null))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(1))
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 2, 5, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 2, 5, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalDefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 15, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionaIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 21, 5, 0, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0,
+                       0, 0, 0)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithDefaultedDefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 5, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithDefaultedDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 5, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithDefaultedIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedDefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 18, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1,
+                       0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs(
+                (48, 24, 5, 0, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0,
+                       0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithUntaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.Any(), openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 6, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+            decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceTwo(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 16, 2, 1, 2, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+            decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 2
+        assert s[1] == univ.OctetString('quick brown')
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownType(self):
+        try:
+            s, r = decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((48, 6, 2, 1, 2, 6, 1, 39)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+                decodeOpenTypes=True
+            )
+
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'unknown open type tolerated'
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 6, 2, 1, 3, 6, 1, 39)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+            decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='060127')
+
+    def testDontDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 6, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1] == ints2octs((2, 1, 12))
+
+    def testDontDecodeOpenTypesChoiceTwo(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 16, 2, 1, 2, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 2
+        assert s[1] == ints2octs((4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithImplicitlyTaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType(
+                    'blob', univ.Any().subtype(implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3)), openType=openType
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 8, 2, 1, 1, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 8, 2, 1, 3, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='02010C')
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithExplicitlyTaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType(
+                    'blob', univ.Any().subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3)), openType=openType
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 8, 2, 1, 1, 163, 3, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 8, 2, 1, 3, 163, 3, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='02010C')
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithUnaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.SetOf(componentType=univ.Any()),
+                                    openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 8, 2, 1, 1, 49, 3, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+            decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1][0] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceTwo(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 18, 2, 1, 2, 49, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99,
+                       107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+            decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 2
+        assert s[1][0] == univ.OctetString('quick brown')
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownType(self):
+        try:
+            s, r = decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((48, 6, 2, 1, 2, 6, 1, 39)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+                decodeOpenTypes=True
+            )
+
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'unknown open type tolerated'
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 8, 2, 1, 3, 49, 3, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+            decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1][0] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='02010c')
+
+    def testDontDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 8, 2, 1, 1, 49, 3, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1][0] == ints2octs((2, 1, 12))
+
+    def testDontDecodeOpenTypesChoiceTwo(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 18, 2, 1, 2, 49, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99,
+                       107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 2
+        assert s[1][0] == ints2octs((4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114,
+                                     111, 119, 110))
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithImplicitlyTaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType(
+                    'blob', univ.SetOf(
+                        componentType=univ.Any().subtype(
+                            implicitTag=tag.Tag(
+                                tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3))),
+                    openType=openType
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 10, 2, 1, 1, 49, 5, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1][0] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 10, 2, 1, 3, 49, 5, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1][0] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='02010C')
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithExplicitlyTaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType(
+                    'blob', univ.SetOf(
+                        componentType=univ.Any().subtype(
+                            explicitTag=tag.Tag(
+                                tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3))),
+                    openType=openType
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 10, 2, 1, 1, 49, 5, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1][0] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs( (48, 10, 2, 1, 3, 49, 5, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1][0] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='02010C')
+
+
+class SetDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Set(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null(null)),
+                namedtype.NamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString(null)),
+                namedtype.NamedType('age', univ.Integer(33))
+            )
+        )
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(null))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(1))
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedDefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 18, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs(
+                (49, 24, 5, 0, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedDefModeSubst(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 18, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1)),
+            substrateFun=lambda a, b, c, d: streaming.readFromStream(b, c)
+        ) == (ints2octs((5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1)), str2octs(''))
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefModeSubst(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0)),
+            substrateFun=lambda a, b, c, d: streaming.readFromStream(b, c)
+        ) == (ints2octs(
+            (5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0)), str2octs(''))
+
+    def testTagFormat(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((16, 18, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+            )
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'wrong tagFormat worked out'
+
+
+class SetDecoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Set(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null(null)),
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(33)),
+            )
+        )
+
+    def __init(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(null))
+
+    def __initWithOptional(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(null))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+
+    def __initWithDefaulted(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(null))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(1))
+
+    def __initWithOptionalAndDefaulted(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(null))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(1))
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 2, 5, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalDefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 15, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 21, 5, 0, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithDefaultedDefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 5, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithDefaultedDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 5, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithDefaultedIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedDefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 18, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedDefModeReordered(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 18, 2, 1, 1, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 5, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefModeReordered(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 2, 1, 1, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0,  0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 24, 5, 0, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+
+class SequenceOfWithExpTaggedOctetStringDecoder(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.SequenceOf(
+            componentType=univ.OctetString().subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3))
+        )
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, 'q')
+        self.s2 = univ.SequenceOf()
+
+    def testDefModeSchema(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(ints2octs((48, 5, 163, 3, 4, 1, 113)), asn1Spec=self.s)
+        assert not r
+        assert s == self.s
+        assert s.tagSet == self.s.tagSet
+
+    def testIndefModeSchema(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(ints2octs((48, 128, 163, 128, 4, 1, 113, 0, 0, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s)
+        assert not r
+        assert s == self.s
+        assert s.tagSet == self.s.tagSet
+
+    def testDefModeNoComponent(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(ints2octs((48, 5, 163, 3, 4, 1, 113)), asn1Spec=self.s2)
+        assert not r
+        assert s == self.s
+        assert s.tagSet == self.s.tagSet
+
+    def testIndefModeNoComponent(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(ints2octs((48, 128, 163, 128, 4, 1, 113, 0, 0, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s2)
+        assert not r
+        assert s == self.s
+        assert s.tagSet == self.s.tagSet
+
+    def testDefModeSchemaless(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(ints2octs((48, 5, 163, 3, 4, 1, 113)))
+        assert not r
+        assert s == self.s
+        assert s.tagSet == self.s.tagSet
+
+    def testIndefModeSchemaless(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(ints2octs((48, 128, 163, 128, 4, 1, 113, 0, 0, 0, 0)))
+        assert not r
+        assert s == self.s
+        assert s.tagSet == self.s.tagSet
+
+
+class SequenceWithExpTaggedOctetStringDecoder(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType(
+                    'x', univ.OctetString().subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3))
+                )
+            )
+        )
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, 'q')
+        self.s2 = univ.Sequence()
+
+    def testDefModeSchema(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(ints2octs((48, 5, 163, 3, 4, 1, 113)), asn1Spec=self.s)
+        assert not r
+        assert s == self.s
+        assert s.tagSet == self.s.tagSet
+
+    def testIndefModeSchema(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(ints2octs((48, 128, 163, 128, 4, 1, 113, 0, 0, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s)
+        assert not r
+        assert s == self.s
+        assert s.tagSet == self.s.tagSet
+
+    def testDefModeNoComponent(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(ints2octs((48, 5, 163, 3, 4, 1, 113)), asn1Spec=self.s2)
+        assert not r
+        assert s == self.s
+        assert s.tagSet == self.s.tagSet
+
+    def testIndefModeNoComponent(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(ints2octs((48, 128, 163, 128, 4, 1, 113, 0, 0, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s2)
+        assert not r
+        assert s == self.s
+        assert s.tagSet == self.s.tagSet
+
+    def testDefModeSchemaless(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(ints2octs((48, 5, 163, 3, 4, 1, 113)))
+        assert not r
+        assert s == self.s
+        assert s.tagSet == self.s.tagSet
+
+    def testIndefModeSchemaless(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(ints2octs((48, 128, 163, 128, 4, 1, 113, 0, 0, 0, 0)))
+        assert not r
+        assert s == self.s
+        assert s.tagSet == self.s.tagSet
+
+
+class ChoiceDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null(null)),
+                namedtype.NamedType('number', univ.Integer(0)),
+                namedtype.NamedType('string', univ.OctetString())
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testBySpec(self):
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(null))
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((5, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testWithoutSpec(self):
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(null))
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((5, 0))) == (self.s, null)
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((5, 0))) == (univ.Null(null), null)
+
+    def testUndefLength(self):
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.OctetString('abcdefgh'))
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((36, 128, 4, 3, 97, 98, 99, 4, 3, 100, 101, 102, 4, 2, 103, 104, 0, 0)),
+                              asn1Spec=self.s) == (self.s, null)
+
+    def testExplicitTag(self):
+        s = self.s.subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext,
+                                               tag.tagFormatConstructed, 4))
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(null))
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((164, 2, 5, 0)), asn1Spec=s) == (s, null)
+
+    def testExplicitTagUndefLength(self):
+        s = self.s.subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext,
+                                               tag.tagFormatConstructed, 4))
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(null))
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((164, 128, 5, 0, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=s) == (s, null)
+
+
+class AnyDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Any()
+
+    def testByUntagged(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((4, 3, 102, 111, 120)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (univ.Any('\004\003fox'), null)
+
+    def testTaggedEx(self):
+        s = univ.Any('\004\003fox').subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 4))
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((164, 5, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120)), asn1Spec=s) == (s, null)
+
+    def testTaggedIm(self):
+        s = univ.Any('\004\003fox').subtype(implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 4))
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((132, 5, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120)), asn1Spec=s) == (s, null)
+
+    def testByUntaggedIndefMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((4, 3, 102, 111, 120)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == (univ.Any('\004\003fox'), null)
+
+    def testTaggedExIndefMode(self):
+        s = univ.Any('\004\003fox').subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 4))
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((164, 128, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=s) == (s, null)
+
+    def testTaggedImIndefMode(self):
+        s = univ.Any('\004\003fox').subtype(implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 4))
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((164, 128, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=s) == (s, null)
+
+    def testByUntaggedSubst(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((4, 3, 102, 111, 120)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s,
+            substrateFun=lambda a, b, c, d: streaming.readFromStream(b, c)
+        ) == (ints2octs((4, 3, 102, 111, 120)), str2octs(''))
+
+    def testTaggedExSubst(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((164, 5, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s,
+            substrateFun=lambda a, b, c, d: streaming.readFromStream(b, c)
+        ) == (ints2octs((164, 5, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120)), str2octs(''))
+
+
+class EndOfOctetsTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testUnexpectedEoo(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((0, 0)))
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'end-of-contents octets accepted at top level'
+
+    def testExpectedEoo(self):
+        result, remainder = decoder.decode(ints2octs((0, 0)), allowEoo=True)
+        assert eoo.endOfOctets.isSameTypeWith(result) and result == eoo.endOfOctets and result is eoo.endOfOctets
+        assert remainder == null
+
+    def testDefiniteNoEoo(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((0x23, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00)))
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'end-of-contents octets accepted inside definite-length encoding'
+
+    def testIndefiniteEoo(self):
+        result, remainder = decoder.decode(ints2octs((0x23, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00)))
+        assert result == () and remainder == null, 'incorrect decoding of indefinite length end-of-octets'
+
+    def testNoLongFormEoo(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((0x23, 0x80, 0x00, 0x81, 0x00)))
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'end-of-contents octets accepted with invalid long-form length'
+
+    def testNoConstructedEoo(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((0x23, 0x80, 0x20, 0x00)))
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'end-of-contents octets accepted with invalid constructed encoding'
+
+    def testNoEooData(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((0x23, 0x80, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00)))
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'end-of-contents octets accepted with unexpected data'
+
+
+class NonStringDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null(null)),
+                namedtype.NamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString(null)),
+                namedtype.NamedType('age', univ.Integer(33))
+            )
+        )
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(null))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(1))
+
+        self.substrate = ints2octs([48, 18, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1])
+
+    def testOctetString(self):
+        s = list(decoder.StreamingDecoder(
+            univ.OctetString(self.substrate), asn1Spec=self.s))
+        assert [self.s] == s
+
+    def testAny(self):
+        s = list(decoder.StreamingDecoder(
+            univ.Any(self.substrate), asn1Spec=self.s))
+        assert [self.s] == s
+
+
+class ErrorOnDecodingTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    def testErrorCondition(self):
+        decode = decoder.SingleItemDecoder(
+            tagMap=decoder.TAG_MAP, typeMap=decoder.TYPE_MAP)
+        substrate = ints2octs((00, 1, 2))
+        stream = streaming.asSeekableStream(substrate)
+
+        try:
+            asn1Object = next(decode(stream))
+
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
+            assert isinstance(exc, error.PyAsn1Error), (
+                'Unexpected exception raised %r' % (exc,))
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'Unexpected decoder result %r' % (asn1Object,)
+
+    def testRawDump(self):
+        substrate = ints2octs((31, 8, 2, 1, 1, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12))
+        stream = streaming.asSeekableStream(substrate)
+
+        class SingleItemEncoder(decoder.SingleItemDecoder):
+            defaultErrorState = decoder.stDumpRawValue
+
+        class StreamingDecoder(decoder.StreamingDecoder):
+            SINGLE_ITEM_DECODER = SingleItemEncoder
+
+        class OneShotDecoder(decoder.Decoder):
+            STREAMING_DECODER = StreamingDecoder
+
+        d = OneShotDecoder()
+
+        asn1Object, rest = d(stream)
+
+        assert isinstance(asn1Object, univ.Any), (
+            'Unexpected raw dump type %r' % (asn1Object,))
+        assert asn1Object.asNumbers() == (31, 8, 2, 1, 1), (
+            'Unexpected raw dump value %r' % (asn1Object,))
+        assert rest == ints2octs((131, 3, 2, 1, 12)), (
+            'Unexpected rest of substrate after raw dump %r' % rest)
+
+
+@unittest.skipIf(sys.version_info < (3,), "Unsupported on Python 2")
+class BinaryFileTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    """Assure that decode works on open binary files."""
+    def testOneObject(self):
+        _, path = tempfile.mkstemp()
+        try:
+            with open(path, "wb") as out:
+                out.write(ints2octs((2, 1, 12)))
+
+            with open(path, "rb") as source:
+                values = list(decoder.StreamingDecoder(source))
+
+            assert values == [12]
+        finally:
+            os.remove(path)
+
+    def testMoreObjects(self):
+        _, path = tempfile.mkstemp()
+        try:
+            with open(path, "wb") as out:
+                out.write(ints2octs((2, 1, 12, 35, 128, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138, 0, 0)))
+
+            with open(path, "rb") as source:
+                values = list(decoder.StreamingDecoder(source))
+
+            assert values == [12, (1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1)]
+
+        finally:
+            os.remove(path)
+
+    def testInvalidFileContent(self):
+        _, path = tempfile.mkstemp()
+        try:
+            with open(path, "wb") as out:
+                out.write(ints2octs((2, 1, 12, 35, 128, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138, 0, 0, 7)))
+
+            with open(path, "rb") as source:
+                list(decoder.StreamingDecoder(source))
+
+        except error.EndOfStreamError:
+            pass
+
+        finally:
+            os.remove(path)
+
+
+class BytesIOTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testRead(self):
+        source = ints2octs((2, 1, 12, 35, 128, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138, 0, 0))
+        stream = io.BytesIO(source)
+        values = list(decoder.StreamingDecoder(stream))
+        assert values == [12, (1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1)]
+
+
+class UnicodeTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testFail(self):
+        # This ensures that unicode objects in Python 2 & str objects in Python 3.7 cannot be parsed.
+        source = ints2octs((2, 1, 12, 35, 128, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138, 0, 0)).decode("latin-1")
+        try:
+            next(decoder.StreamingDecoder(source))
+
+        except error.UnsupportedSubstrateError:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'Tolerated parsing broken unicode strings'
+
+
+class RestartableDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    class NonBlockingStream(io.BytesIO):
+        block = False
+
+        def read(self, size=-1):
+            self.block = not self.block
+            if self.block:
+                return  # this is what non-blocking streams sometimes do
+
+            return io.BytesIO.read(self, size)
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.s = univ.SequenceOf(componentType=univ.OctetString())
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        source = ints2octs(
+            (48, 26,
+             4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110,
+             4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+        self.stream = self.NonBlockingStream(source)
+
+    def testPartialReadingFromNonBlockingStream(self):
+        iterator = iter(decoder.StreamingDecoder(self.stream, asn1Spec=self.s))
+
+        res = next(iterator)
+
+        assert isinstance(res, error.SubstrateUnderrunError)
+        assert 'asn1Object' not in res.context
+
+        res = next(iterator)
+
+        assert isinstance(res, error.SubstrateUnderrunError)
+        assert 'asn1Object' not in res.context
+
+        res = next(iterator)
+
+        assert isinstance(res, error.SubstrateUnderrunError)
+        assert 'asn1Object' in res.context
+        assert isinstance(res.context['asn1Object'], univ.SequenceOf)
+        assert res.context['asn1Object'].isValue
+        assert len(res.context['asn1Object']) == 0
+
+        res = next(iterator)
+
+        assert isinstance(res, error.SubstrateUnderrunError)
+        assert 'asn1Object' in res.context
+        assert isinstance(res.context['asn1Object'], univ.SequenceOf)
+        assert res.context['asn1Object'].isValue
+        assert len(res.context['asn1Object']) == 0
+
+        res = next(iterator)
+
+        assert isinstance(res, error.SubstrateUnderrunError)
+        assert 'asn1Object' in res.context
+        assert isinstance(res.context['asn1Object'], univ.SequenceOf)
+        assert res.context['asn1Object'].isValue
+        assert len(res.context['asn1Object']) == 0
+
+        res = next(iterator)
+
+        assert isinstance(res, error.SubstrateUnderrunError)
+        assert 'asn1Object' in res.context
+        assert isinstance(res.context['asn1Object'], univ.SequenceOf)
+        assert res.context['asn1Object'].isValue
+        assert len(res.context['asn1Object']) == 1
+
+        res = next(iterator)
+
+        assert isinstance(res, error.SubstrateUnderrunError)
+        assert 'asn1Object' in res.context
+        assert isinstance(res.context['asn1Object'], univ.SequenceOf)
+        assert res.context['asn1Object'].isValue
+        assert len(res.context['asn1Object']) == 1
+
+        res = next(iterator)
+
+        assert isinstance(res, error.SubstrateUnderrunError)
+        assert 'asn1Object' in res.context
+        assert isinstance(res.context['asn1Object'], univ.SequenceOf)
+        assert res.context['asn1Object'].isValue
+        assert len(res.context['asn1Object']) == 1
+
+        res = next(iterator)
+
+        assert isinstance(res, univ.SequenceOf)
+        assert res.isValue
+        assert len(res) == 2
+
+        try:
+            next(iterator)
+
+        except StopIteration:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'End of stream not raised'
+
+
+class CompressedFilesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testGzip(self):
+        _, path = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix=".gz")
+        try:
+            with gzip.open(path, "wb") as out:
+                out.write(ints2octs((2, 1, 12, 35, 128, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138, 0, 0)))
+
+            with gzip.open(path, "rb") as source:
+                values = list(decoder.StreamingDecoder(source))
+
+            assert values == [12, (1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1)]
+
+        finally:
+            os.remove(path)
+
+    def testZipfile(self):
+        # File from ZIP archive is a good example of non-seekable stream in Python 2.7
+        #   In Python 3.7, it is a seekable stream.
+        _, path = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix=".zip")
+        try:
+            with zipfile.ZipFile(path, "w") as myzip:
+                myzip.writestr("data", ints2octs((2, 1, 12, 35, 128, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138, 0, 0)))
+
+            with zipfile.ZipFile(path, "r") as myzip:
+                with myzip.open("data", "r") as source:
+                    values = list(decoder.StreamingDecoder(source))
+                    assert values == [12, (1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1)]
+        finally:
+            os.remove(path)
+
+    def testZipfileMany(self):
+        _, path = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix=".zip")
+        try:
+            with zipfile.ZipFile(path, "w") as myzip:
+                #for i in range(100):
+                myzip.writestr("data", ints2octs((2, 1, 12, 35, 128, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138, 0, 0)) * 1000)
+
+            with zipfile.ZipFile(path, "r") as myzip:
+                with myzip.open("data", "r") as source:
+                    values = list(decoder.StreamingDecoder(source))
+                    assert values == [12, (1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1)] * 1000
+        finally:
+            os.remove(path)
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/ber/test_encoder.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/ber/test_encoder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7701348d06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/ber/test_encoder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1497 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.type import tag
+from pyasn1.type import namedtype
+from pyasn1.type import opentype
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+from pyasn1.type import char
+from pyasn1.codec.ber import encoder
+from pyasn1.compat.octets import ints2octs
+from pyasn1.error import PyAsn1Error
+
+
+class LargeTagEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.o = univ.Integer().subtype(
+            value=1, explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0xdeadbeaf)
+        )
+
+    def testEncoder(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.o) == ints2octs((127, 141, 245, 182, 253, 47, 3, 2, 1, 1))
+
+
+class IntegerEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testPosInt(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Integer(12)) == ints2octs((2, 1, 12))
+
+    def testNegInt(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Integer(-12)) == ints2octs((2, 1, 244))
+
+    def testZero(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Integer(0)) == ints2octs((2, 1, 0))
+
+    def testCompactZero(self):
+        encoder.IntegerEncoder.supportCompactZero = True
+        substrate = encoder.encode(univ.Integer(0))
+        encoder.IntegerEncoder.supportCompactZero = False
+        assert substrate == ints2octs((2, 0))
+
+    def testMinusOne(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Integer(-1)) == ints2octs((2, 1, 255))
+
+    def testPosLong(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.Integer(0xffffffffffffffff)
+        ) == ints2octs((2, 9, 0, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255))
+
+    def testNegLong(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.Integer(-0xffffffffffffffff)
+        ) == ints2octs((2, 9, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1))
+
+
+class IntegerEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testPosInt(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(12, asn1Spec=univ.Integer()) == ints2octs((2, 1, 12))
+
+    def testNegInt(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(-12, asn1Spec=univ.Integer()) == ints2octs((2, 1, 244))
+
+    def testZero(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(0, asn1Spec=univ.Integer()) == ints2octs((2, 1, 0))
+
+    def testPosLong(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            0xffffffffffffffff, asn1Spec=univ.Integer()
+        ) == ints2octs((2, 9, 0, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255, 255))
+
+
+class BooleanEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testTrue(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Boolean(1)) == ints2octs((1, 1, 1))
+
+    def testFalse(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Boolean(0)) == ints2octs((1, 1, 0))
+
+
+class BooleanEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testTrue(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(True, asn1Spec=univ.Boolean()) == ints2octs((1, 1, 1))
+
+    def testFalse(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(False, asn1Spec=univ.Boolean()) == ints2octs((1, 1, 0))
+
+
+class BitStringEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.b = univ.BitString((1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1))
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.b) == ints2octs((3, 3, 1, 169, 138))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.b, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((3, 3, 1, 169, 138))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.b, maxChunkSize=1
+        ) == ints2octs((35, 8, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.b, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=1
+        ) == ints2octs((35, 128, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138, 0, 0))
+
+    def testEmptyValue(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.BitString([])) == ints2octs((3, 1, 0))
+
+
+class BitStringEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.b = (1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1)
+        self.s = univ.BitString()
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.b, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs((3, 3, 1, 169, 138))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.b, asn1Spec=self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((3, 3, 1, 169, 138))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.b, asn1Spec=self.s, maxChunkSize=1
+        ) == ints2octs((35, 8, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.b, asn1Spec=self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=1
+        ) == ints2octs((35, 128, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138, 0, 0))
+
+    def testEmptyValue(self):
+        assert encoder.encode([],  asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs((3, 1, 0))
+
+
+class OctetStringEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.o = univ.OctetString('Quick brown fox')
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.o) == ints2octs(
+            (4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.o, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.o, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((36, 23, 4, 4, 81, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 4, 111, 119,
+                        110, 32, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.o, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((36, 128, 4, 4, 81, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 4, 111, 119, 110,
+                        32, 4, 3, 102,  111, 120, 0, 0))
+
+
+class OctetStringEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.OctetString()
+        self.o = 'Quick brown fox'
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.o, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.o, asn1Spec=self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.o, asn1Spec=self.s, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((36, 23, 4, 4, 81, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 4, 111, 119,
+                        110, 32, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.o, asn1Spec=self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((36, 128, 4, 4, 81, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 4, 111, 119, 110,
+                        32, 4, 3, 102,  111, 120, 0, 0))
+
+
+class ExpTaggedOctetStringEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.o = univ.OctetString().subtype(
+            value='Quick brown fox',
+            explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 5)
+        )
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.o) == ints2octs(
+            (101, 17, 4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.o, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((101, 128, 4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.o, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((101, 25, 36, 23, 4, 4, 81, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 4, 111, 119, 110, 32, 4, 3,
+                        102, 111, 120))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.o, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((101, 128, 36, 128, 4, 4, 81, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 4, 111, 119, 110, 32, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+
+class NullEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testNull(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Null('')) == ints2octs((5, 0))
+
+
+class NullEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testNull(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(None, univ.Null()) == ints2octs((5, 0))
+
+
+class ObjectIdentifierEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testOne(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.ObjectIdentifier((1, 3, 6, 0, 0xffffe))
+        ) == ints2octs((6, 6, 43, 6, 0, 191, 255, 126))
+
+    def testEdge1(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.ObjectIdentifier((0, 39))
+        ) == ints2octs((6, 1, 39))
+
+    def testEdge2(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.ObjectIdentifier((1, 39))
+        ) == ints2octs((6, 1, 79))
+
+    def testEdge3(self):
+        # 01111111
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.ObjectIdentifier((2, 40))
+        ) == ints2octs((6, 1, 120))
+
+    def testEdge4(self):
+        # 10010000|10000000|10000000|10000000|01001111
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.ObjectIdentifier((2, 0xffffffff))
+        ) == ints2octs((6, 5, 0x90, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80, 0x4F))
+
+    def testEdge5(self):
+        # 01111111
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.ObjectIdentifier((2, 47))
+        ) == ints2octs((6, 1, 0x7F))
+
+    def testEdge6(self):
+        # 10000001|00000000
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.ObjectIdentifier((2, 48))
+        ) == ints2octs((6, 2, 0x81, 0x00))
+
+    def testEdge7(self):
+        # 10000001|00110100|00000003
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.ObjectIdentifier((2, 100, 3))
+        ) == ints2octs((6, 3, 0x81, 0x34, 0x03))
+
+    def testEdge8(self):
+        # 10000101|00000000
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.ObjectIdentifier((2, 560))
+        ) == ints2octs((6, 2, 133, 0))
+
+    def testEdge9(self):
+        # 10001000|10000100|10000111|0000010
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.ObjectIdentifier((2, 16843570))
+        ) == ints2octs((6, 4, 0x88, 0x84, 0x87, 0x02))
+
+    def testEdgeA(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.ObjectIdentifier((2, 5))
+        ) == ints2octs((6, 1, 85))
+
+    def testImpossible1(self):
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(univ.ObjectIdentifier((3, 1, 2)))
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'impossible leading arc tolerated'
+
+    def testImpossible2(self):
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(univ.ObjectIdentifier((0,)))
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'single arc OID tolerated'
+
+    def testImpossible3(self):
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(univ.ObjectIdentifier((0, 40)))
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'second arc overflow tolerated'
+
+    def testImpossible4(self):
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(univ.ObjectIdentifier((1, 40)))
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'second arc overflow tolerated'
+
+    def testLarge1(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.ObjectIdentifier((2, 18446744073709551535184467440737095))
+        ) == ints2octs((0x06, 0x11, 0x83, 0xC6, 0xDF, 0xD4, 0xCC, 0xB3, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFE, 0xF0, 0xB8, 0xD6, 0xB8, 0xCB,
+                        0xE2, 0xB7, 0x17))
+
+    def testLarge2(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.ObjectIdentifier((2, 999, 18446744073709551535184467440737095))
+        ) == ints2octs((0x06, 0x13, 0x88, 0x37, 0x83, 0xC6, 0xDF, 0xD4, 0xCC, 0xB3, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFE, 0xF0, 0xB8, 0xD6,
+                        0xB8, 0xCB, 0xE2, 0xB6, 0x47))
+
+
+class ObjectIdentifierWithSchemaEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testOne(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            (1, 3, 6, 0, 0xffffe), asn1Spec=univ.ObjectIdentifier()
+        ) == ints2octs((6, 6, 43, 6, 0, 191, 255, 126))
+
+
+class RealEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testChar(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.Real((123, 10, 11))
+        ) == ints2octs((9, 7, 3, 49, 50, 51, 69, 49, 49))
+
+    def testBin1(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(  # default binEncBase = 2
+            univ.Real((0.5, 2, 0))  # check encbase = 2 and exponent = -1
+        ) == ints2octs((9, 3, 128, 255, 1))
+
+    def testBin2(self):
+        r = univ.Real((3.25, 2, 0))
+        r.binEncBase = 8  # change binEncBase only for this instance of Real
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            r  # check encbase = 8
+        ) == ints2octs((9, 3, 148, 255, 13))
+
+    def testBin3(self):
+        # change binEncBase in the RealEncoder instance => for all further Real
+        binEncBase, encoder.TYPE_MAP[univ.Real.typeId].binEncBase = encoder.TYPE_MAP[univ.Real.typeId].binEncBase, 16
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.Real((0.00390625, 2, 0))  # check encbase = 16
+        ) == ints2octs((9, 3, 160, 254, 1))
+        encoder.TYPE_MAP[univ.Real.typeId].binEncBase = binEncBase
+
+    def testBin4(self):
+        # choose binEncBase automatically for all further Real (testBin[4-7])
+        binEncBase, encoder.TYPE_MAP[univ.Real.typeId].binEncBase = encoder.TYPE_MAP[univ.Real.typeId].binEncBase, None
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.Real((1, 2, 0))  # check exponent = 0
+        ) == ints2octs((9, 3, 128, 0, 1))
+        encoder.TYPE_MAP[univ.Real.typeId].binEncBase = binEncBase
+
+    def testBin5(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.Real((3, 2, -1020))  # case of 2 octs for exponent and
+            # negative exponent and abs(exponent) is
+            # all 1's and fills the whole octet(s)
+        ) == ints2octs((9, 4, 129, 252, 4, 3))
+
+    def testBin6(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.Real((1, 2, 262140))  # case of 3 octs for exponent and
+            # check that first 9 bits for exponent
+            # are not all 1's
+        ) == ints2octs((9, 5, 130, 3, 255, 252, 1))
+
+    def testBin7(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.Real((-1, 2, 76354972))  # case of >3 octs for exponent and
+            # mantissa < 0
+        ) == ints2octs((9, 7, 195, 4, 4, 141, 21, 156, 1))
+
+    def testPlusInf(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Real('inf')) == ints2octs((9, 1, 64))
+
+    def testMinusInf(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Real('-inf')) == ints2octs((9, 1, 65))
+
+    def testZero(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Real(0)) == ints2octs((9, 0))
+
+
+class RealEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testChar(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            (123, 10, 11), asn1Spec=univ.Real()
+        ) == ints2octs((9, 7, 3, 49, 50, 51, 69, 49, 49))
+
+
+class UniversalStringEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testEncoding(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(char.UniversalString(sys.version_info[0] >= 3 and 'abc' or unicode('abc'))) == ints2octs(
+            (28, 12, 0, 0, 0, 97, 0, 0, 0, 98, 0, 0, 0, 99)), 'Incorrect encoding'
+
+
+class UniversalStringEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testEncoding(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            sys.version_info[0] >= 3 and 'abc' or unicode('abc'), asn1Spec=char.UniversalString()
+        ) == ints2octs((28, 12, 0, 0, 0, 97, 0, 0, 0, 98, 0, 0, 0, 99)), 'Incorrect encoding'
+
+
+class BMPStringEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testEncoding(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(char.BMPString(sys.version_info[0] >= 3 and 'abc' or unicode('abc'))) == ints2octs(
+            (30, 6, 0, 97, 0, 98, 0, 99)), 'Incorrect encoding'
+
+
+class BMPStringEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testEncoding(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            sys.version_info[0] >= 3 and 'abc' or unicode('abc'), asn1Spec=char.BMPString()
+        ) == ints2octs((30, 6, 0, 97, 0, 98, 0, 99)), 'Incorrect encoding'
+
+
+class UTF8StringEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testEncoding(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(char.UTF8String(sys.version_info[0] >= 3 and 'abc' or unicode('abc'))) == ints2octs(
+            (12, 3, 97, 98, 99)), 'Incorrect encoding'
+
+
+class UTF8StringEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testEncoding(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            sys.version_info[0] >= 3 and 'abc' or unicode('abc'), asn1Spec=char.UTF8String()
+        ) == ints2octs((12, 3, 97, 98, 99)), 'Incorrect encoding'
+
+
+class SequenceOfEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        s = univ.SequenceOf()
+        s.clear()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 0))
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        s = univ.SequenceOf()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        s = univ.SequenceOf()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        s = univ.SequenceOf()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 19, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        s = univ.SequenceOf()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SequenceOfEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.SequenceOf(componentType=univ.OctetString())
+        self.v = ['quick brown']
+
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        assert encoder.encode([], asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs((48, 0))
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 19, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SequenceOfEncoderWithComponentsSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.SequenceOf(componentType=univ.OctetString())
+
+    def __init(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, 'quick brown')
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 19, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SetOfEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        s = univ.SetOf()
+        s.clear()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((49, 0))
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        s = univ.SetOf()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((49, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        s = univ.SetOf()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        s = univ.SetOf()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 19, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        s = univ.SetOf()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SetOfEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.SetOf(componentType=univ.OctetString())
+        self.v = ['quick brown']
+
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        s = univ.SetOf()
+        assert encoder.encode([], asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs((49, 0))
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 19, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs(
+            (49, 128, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SetOfEncoderWithComponentsSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.SetOf(componentType=univ.OctetString())
+
+    def __init(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, 'quick brown')
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 19, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Sequence()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(''))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(1))
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 18, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 24, 5, 0, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null()),
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(33)),
+            )
+        )
+        self.v = {
+            'place-holder': None,
+            'first-name': 'quick brown',
+            'age': 1
+        }
+
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        try:
+            assert encoder.encode({}, asn1Spec=self.s)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'empty bare sequence tolerated'
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 18, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 24, 5, 0, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithUntaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.Any(), openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1] = univ.Integer(12)
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 5, 2, 1, 1, 49, 50)
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceTwo(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1] = univ.OctetString('quick brown')
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 14, 2, 1, 2, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110)
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeUnknownId(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1] = univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6')
+
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert False, 'incompatible open type tolerated'
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeIncompatibleType(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1] = univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6')
+
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert False, 'incompatible open type tolerated'
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithImplicitlyTaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.Any().subtype(implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3)), openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1] = univ.Integer(12)
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 9, 2, 1, 1, 131, 4, 131, 2, 49, 50)
+        )
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithExplicitlyTaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.Any().subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3)), openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1] = univ.Integer(12)
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 9, 2, 1, 1, 163, 4, 163, 2, 49, 50)
+    )
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithUntaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.SetOf(
+                    componentType=univ.Any()), openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1].append(univ.Integer(12))
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 7, 2, 1, 1, 49, 2, 49, 50)
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceTwo(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1].append(univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 16, 2, 1, 2, 49, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114,
+             111, 119, 110)
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeUnknownId(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1].append(univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6'))
+
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert False, 'incompatible open type tolerated'
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeIncompatibleType(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1].append(univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6'))
+
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert False, 'incompatible open type tolerated'
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithImplicitlyTaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.SetOf(
+                    componentType=univ.Any().subtype(
+                        implicitTag=tag.Tag(
+                            tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3))),
+                    openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1].append(univ.Integer(12))
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 11, 2, 1, 1, 49, 6, 131, 4, 131, 2, 49, 50)
+        )
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithExplicitlyTaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.SetOf(
+                    componentType=univ.Any().subtype(
+                        explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3))),
+                    openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1].append(univ.Integer(12))
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 11, 2, 1, 1, 49, 6, 163, 4, 163, 2, 49, 50)
+        )
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithComponentsSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null()),
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(33)),
+            )
+        )
+
+    def __init(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, '')
+
+    def __initWithOptional(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, '')
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, 'quick brown')
+
+    def __initWithDefaulted(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, '')
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, 1)
+
+    def __initWithOptionalAndDefaulted(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(''))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(1))
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 2, 5, 0))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 2, 5, 0))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithOptionalDefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 15, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testWithOptionalIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithOptionalDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 21, 5, 0, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testWithOptionalIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithDefaultedDefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 5, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1))
+
+    def testWithDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithDefaultedDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 5, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1))
+
+    def testWithDefaultedIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedDefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 18, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 24, 5, 0, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0,
+                        0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+
+class ExpTaggedSequenceEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('number', univ.Integer()),
+            )
+        )
+
+        s = s.subtype(
+            explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 5)
+        )
+
+        s[0] = 12
+
+        self.s = s
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((101, 5, 48, 3, 2, 1, 12))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((101, 128, 48, 128, 2, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+
+class ExpTaggedSequenceComponentEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('number', univ.Boolean().subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0))),
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.s[0] = True
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 5, 160, 3, 1, 1, 1))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 160, 3, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SetEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Set()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(''))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(1))
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 18, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 24, 5, 0, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SetEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Set(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null()),
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(33)),
+            )
+        )
+        self.v = {
+            'place-holder': None,
+            'first-name': 'quick brown',
+            'age': 1
+        }
+
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        try:
+            assert encoder.encode({}, asn1Spec=self.s)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'empty bare SET tolerated'
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 18, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 24, 5, 0, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SetEncoderWithComponentsSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Set(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null()),
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(33)),
+            )
+        )
+
+    def __init(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, '')
+
+    def __initWithOptional(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, '')
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, 'quick brown')
+
+    def __initWithDefaulted(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, '')
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, 1)
+
+    def __initWithOptionalAndDefaulted(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(''))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(1))
+
+    def testDefMode(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 2, 5, 0))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 2, 5, 0))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithOptionalDefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (49, 15, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testWithOptionalIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithOptionalDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 21, 5, 0, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testWithOptionalIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs(
+            (49, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithDefaultedDefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 5, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1))
+
+    def testWithDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithDefaultedDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 5, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1))
+
+    def testWithDefaultedIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedDefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (49, 18, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedDefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs(
+            (49, 24, 5, 0, 36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1))
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefModeChunked(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+
+class ChoiceEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        s = univ.Choice()
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(s)
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'encoded unset choice'
+
+    def testDefModeOptionOne(self):
+        s = univ.Choice()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(''))
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((5, 0))
+
+    def testDefModeOptionTwo(self):
+        s = univ.Choice()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        s = univ.Choice()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            s, defMode=False
+        ) == ints2octs((4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        s = univ.Choice()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            s, defMode=True, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((36, 17, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110))
+
+    def testIndefModeChunked(self):
+        s = univ.Choice()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=4
+        ) == ints2octs((36, 128, 4, 4, 113, 117, 105, 99, 4, 4, 107, 32, 98, 114, 4, 3, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0))
+
+
+class ChoiceEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null('')),
+                namedtype.NamedType('number', univ.Integer(0)),
+                namedtype.NamedType('string', univ.OctetString())
+            )
+        )
+        self.v = {
+            'place-holder': None
+        }
+
+    def testFilled(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.v, asn1Spec=self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((5, 0))
+
+
+class ChoiceEncoderWithComponentsSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null('')),
+                namedtype.NamedType('number', univ.Integer(0)),
+                namedtype.NamedType('string', univ.OctetString())
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(self.s)
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'encoded unset choice'
+
+    def testFilled(self):
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(''))
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((5, 0))
+
+    def testTagged(self):
+        s = self.s.subtype(
+            explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 4)
+        )
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(''))
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((164, 2, 5, 0))
+
+    def testUndefLength(self):
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.OctetString('abcdefgh'))
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=3) == ints2octs(
+            (36, 128, 4, 3, 97, 98, 99, 4, 3, 100, 101, 102, 4, 2, 103, 104, 0, 0))
+
+    def testTaggedUndefLength(self):
+        s = self.s.subtype(
+            explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 4)
+        )
+        s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.OctetString('abcdefgh'))
+        assert encoder.encode(s, defMode=False, maxChunkSize=3) == ints2octs(
+            (164, 128, 36, 128, 4, 3, 97, 98, 99, 4, 3, 100, 101, 102, 4, 2, 103, 104, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+
+class AnyEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Any(encoder.encode(univ.OctetString('fox')))
+
+    def testUntagged(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((4, 3, 102, 111, 120))
+
+    def testTaggedEx(self):
+        s = self.s.subtype(
+            explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 4)
+        )
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((164, 5, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120))
+
+    def testTaggedIm(self):
+        s = self.s.subtype(
+            implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 4)
+        )
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((132, 5, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120))
+
+
+class AnyEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Any()
+        self.v = encoder.encode(univ.OctetString('fox'))
+
+    def testUntagged(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.v, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs((4, 3, 102, 111, 120))
+
+    def testTaggedEx(self):
+        s = self.s.subtype(
+            explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 4)
+        )
+        assert encoder.encode(self.v, asn1Spec=s) == ints2octs((164, 5, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120))
+
+    def testTaggedIm(self):
+        s = self.s.subtype(
+            implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 4)
+        )
+        assert encoder.encode(self.v, asn1Spec=s) == ints2octs((132, 5, 4, 3, 102, 111, 120))
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/cer/__init__.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/cer/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c3066b2e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/cer/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# This file is necessary to make this directory a package.
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/cer/__main__.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/cer/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..122d7275b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/cer/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import unittest
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromNames(
+    ['tests.codec.cer.test_encoder.suite',
+     'tests.codec.cer.test_decoder.suite']
+)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/cer/test_decoder.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/cer/test_decoder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fddd36bb57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/cer/test_decoder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.type import tag
+from pyasn1.type import namedtype
+from pyasn1.type import opentype
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+from pyasn1.codec.cer import decoder
+from pyasn1.compat.octets import ints2octs, str2octs, null
+from pyasn1.error import PyAsn1Error
+
+
+class BooleanDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testTrue(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((1, 1, 255))) == (1, null)
+
+    def testFalse(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(ints2octs((1, 1, 0))) == (0, null)
+
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((1, 0)))
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+    def testOverflow(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(ints2octs((1, 2, 0, 0)))
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+
+class BitStringDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testShortMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((3, 3, 6, 170, 128))
+        ) == (((1, 0) * 5), null)
+
+    def testLongMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((3, 127, 6) + (170,) * 125 + (128,))
+        ) == (((1, 0) * 501), null)
+
+    # TODO: test failures on short chunked and long unchunked substrate samples
+
+
+class OctetStringDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testShortMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120)),
+        ) == (str2octs('Quick brown fox'), null)
+
+    def testLongMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((36, 128, 4, 130, 3, 232) + (81,) * 1000 + (4, 1, 81, 0, 0))
+        ) == (str2octs('Q' * 1001), null)
+
+    # TODO: test failures on short chunked and long unchunked substrate samples
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithUntaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.Any(), openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 12, 0, 0)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s,
+            decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceTwo(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 2, 1, 2, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98,
+                114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+            decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 2
+        assert s[1] == univ.OctetString('quick brown')
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownType(self):
+        try:
+            s, r = decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((48, 128, 6, 1, 1, 2, 1, 12, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+                decodeOpenTypes=True
+            )
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'unknown open type tolerated'
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 2, 1, 3, 6, 1, 12, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+            decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='06010c')
+
+    def testDontDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 12, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1] == ints2octs((2, 1, 12))
+
+    def testDontDecodeOpenTypesChoiceTwo(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 2, 1, 2, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98,
+                114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 2
+        assert s[1] == ints2octs((4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithImplicitlyTaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType(
+                    'blob', univ.Any().subtype(implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3)), openType=openType
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 2, 1, 1, 163, 128, 2, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 2, 1, 3, 163, 128, 2, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='02010C')
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithExplicitlyTaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType(
+                    'blob', univ.Any().subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3)), openType=openType
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 2, 1, 1, 163, 128, 2, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 2, 1, 3, 163, 128, 2, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='02010C')
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithUntaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.SetOf(componentType=univ.Any()),
+                                    openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 2, 1, 1, 49, 128, 2, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1][0] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceTwo(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 2, 1, 2, 49, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99,
+                       107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 2
+        assert s[1][0] == univ.OctetString('quick brown')
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownType(self):
+        try:
+            s, r = decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((48, 128, 6, 1, 1, 49, 128, 2, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0)),
+                asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+            )
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'unknown open type tolerated'
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 2, 1, 3, 49, 128, 2, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1][0] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='02010c')
+
+    def testDontDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 2, 1, 1, 49, 128, 2, 1, 12, 0, 0, 0, 0)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1][0] == ints2octs((2, 1, 12))
+
+    def testDontDecodeOpenTypesChoiceTwo(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 128, 2, 1, 2, 49, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32,
+                98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 2
+        assert s[1][0] == ints2octs((4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114,
+                                     111, 119, 110))
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithImplicitlyTaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType(
+                    'blob', univ.SetOf(
+                        componentType=univ.Any().subtype(
+                            implicitTag=tag.Tag(
+                                tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3))),
+                    openType=openType
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 10, 2, 1, 1, 49, 5, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1][0] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 10, 2, 1, 3, 49, 5, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1][0] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='02010C')
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithExplicitlyTaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType(
+                    'blob', univ.SetOf(
+                        componentType=univ.Any().subtype(
+                            explicitTag=tag.Tag(
+                                tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3))),
+                    openType=openType
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 10, 2, 1, 1, 49, 5, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1][0] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs( (48, 10, 2, 1, 3, 49, 5, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1][0] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='02010C')
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/cer/test_encoder.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/cer/test_encoder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..680f720c3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/cer/test_encoder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,956 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.type import tag
+from pyasn1.type import namedtype
+from pyasn1.type import opentype
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+from pyasn1.type import useful
+from pyasn1.codec.cer import encoder
+from pyasn1.compat.octets import ints2octs
+from pyasn1.error import PyAsn1Error
+
+
+class BooleanEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testTrue(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Boolean(1)) == ints2octs((1, 1, 255))
+
+    def testFalse(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Boolean(0)) == ints2octs((1, 1, 0))
+
+
+class BitStringEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testShortMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.BitString((1, 0) * 5)
+        ) == ints2octs((3, 3, 6, 170, 128))
+
+    def testLongMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.BitString((1, 0) * 501)) == ints2octs((3, 127, 6) + (170,) * 125 + (128,))
+
+
+class OctetStringEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testShortMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.OctetString('Quick brown fox')
+        ) == ints2octs((4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120))
+
+    def testLongMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.OctetString('Q' * 1001)
+        ) == ints2octs((36, 128, 4, 130, 3, 232) + (81,) * 1000 + (4, 1, 81, 0, 0))
+
+
+class GeneralizedTimeEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    #    def testExtraZeroInSeconds(self):
+    #        try:
+    #            assert encoder.encode(
+    #                useful.GeneralizedTime('20150501120112.10Z')
+    #            )
+    #        except PyAsn1Error:
+    #            pass
+    #        else:
+    #            assert 0, 'Meaningless trailing zero in fraction part tolerated'
+
+    def testLocalTimezone(self):
+        try:
+            assert encoder.encode(
+                useful.GeneralizedTime('20150501120112.1+0200')
+            )
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'Local timezone tolerated'
+
+    def testMissingTimezone(self):
+        try:
+            assert encoder.encode(
+                useful.GeneralizedTime('20150501120112.1')
+            )
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'Missing timezone tolerated'
+
+    def testDecimalCommaPoint(self):
+        try:
+            assert encoder.encode(
+                useful.GeneralizedTime('20150501120112,1Z')
+             )
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'Decimal comma tolerated'
+
+    def testWithSubseconds(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+                useful.GeneralizedTime('20170801120112.59Z')
+             ) == ints2octs((24, 18, 50, 48, 49, 55, 48, 56, 48, 49, 49, 50, 48, 49, 49, 50, 46, 53, 57, 90))
+
+    def testWithSubsecondsWithZeros(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+                useful.GeneralizedTime('20170801120112.099Z')
+             ) == ints2octs((24, 18, 50, 48, 49, 55, 48, 56, 48, 49, 49, 50, 48, 49, 49, 50, 46, 57, 57, 90))
+
+    def testWithSubsecondsMax(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+                useful.GeneralizedTime('20170801120112.999Z')
+             ) == ints2octs((24, 19, 50, 48, 49, 55, 48, 56, 48, 49, 49, 50, 48, 49, 49, 50, 46, 57, 57, 57, 90))
+
+    def testWithSubsecondsMin(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+                useful.GeneralizedTime('20170801120112.000Z')
+             ) == ints2octs((24, 15, 50, 48, 49, 55, 48, 56, 48, 49, 49, 50, 48, 49, 49, 50, 90))
+
+    def testWithSubsecondsDanglingDot(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+                useful.GeneralizedTime('20170801120112.Z')
+             ) == ints2octs((24, 15, 50, 48, 49, 55, 48, 56, 48, 49, 49, 50, 48, 49, 49, 50, 90))
+
+    def testWithSeconds(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+                    useful.GeneralizedTime('20170801120112Z')
+             ) == ints2octs((24, 15, 50, 48, 49, 55, 48, 56, 48, 49, 49, 50, 48, 49, 49, 50, 90))
+
+    def testWithMinutes(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+                    useful.GeneralizedTime('201708011201Z')
+             ) == ints2octs((24, 13, 50, 48, 49, 55, 48, 56, 48, 49, 49, 50, 48, 49, 90))
+
+
+class UTCTimeEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testFractionOfSecond(self):
+        try:
+            assert encoder.encode(
+                useful.UTCTime('150501120112.10Z')
+            )
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'Decimal point tolerated'
+
+    def testMissingTimezone(self):
+        try:
+            assert encoder.encode(
+                useful.UTCTime('150501120112')
+            ) == ints2octs((23, 13, 49, 53, 48, 53, 48, 49, 49, 50, 48, 49, 49, 50, 90))
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'Missing timezone tolerated'
+
+    def testLocalTimezone(self):
+        try:
+            assert encoder.encode(
+                useful.UTCTime('150501120112+0200')
+            )
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'Local timezone tolerated'
+
+    def testWithSeconds(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+                    useful.UTCTime('990801120112Z')
+             ) == ints2octs((23, 13, 57, 57, 48, 56, 48, 49, 49, 50, 48, 49, 49, 50, 90))
+
+    def testWithMinutes(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+                    useful.UTCTime('9908011201Z')
+             ) == ints2octs((23, 11, 57, 57, 48, 56, 48, 49, 49, 50, 48, 49, 90))
+
+
+class SequenceOfEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        s = univ.SequenceOf()
+        s.clear()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefMode1(self):
+        s = univ.SequenceOf()
+        s.append(univ.OctetString('a'))
+        s.append(univ.OctetString('ab'))
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 4, 1, 97, 4, 2, 97, 98, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefMode2(self):
+        s = univ.SequenceOf()
+        s.append(univ.OctetString('ab'))
+        s.append(univ.OctetString('a'))
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 4, 2, 97, 98, 4, 1, 97, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefMode3(self):
+        s = univ.SequenceOf()
+        s.append(univ.OctetString('b'))
+        s.append(univ.OctetString('a'))
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 4, 1, 98, 4, 1, 97, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefMode4(self):
+        s = univ.SequenceOf()
+        s.append(univ.OctetString('a'))
+        s.append(univ.OctetString('b'))
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 4, 1, 97, 4, 1, 98, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SequenceOfEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.SequenceOf(componentType=univ.OctetString())
+
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 0, 0))
+
+    def testIndefMode1(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.append('a')
+        self.s.append('ab')
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 4, 1, 97, 4, 2, 97, 98, 0, 0))
+
+    def testIndefMode2(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.append('ab')
+        self.s.append('a')
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 4, 2, 97, 98, 4, 1, 97, 0, 0))
+
+    def testIndefMode3(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.append('b')
+        self.s.append('a')
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 4, 1, 98, 4, 1, 97, 0, 0))
+
+    def testIndefMode4(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.append('a')
+        self.s.append('b')
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 4, 1, 97, 4, 1, 98, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SetOfEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        s = univ.SetOf()
+        s.clear()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((49, 128, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefMode1(self):
+        s = univ.SetOf()
+        s.append(univ.OctetString('a'))
+        s.append(univ.OctetString('ab'))
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((49, 128, 4, 1, 97, 4, 2, 97, 98, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefMode2(self):
+        s = univ.SetOf()
+        s.append(univ.OctetString('ab'))
+        s.append(univ.OctetString('a'))
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((49, 128, 4, 1, 97, 4, 2, 97, 98, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefMode3(self):
+        s = univ.SetOf()
+        s.append(univ.OctetString('b'))
+        s.append(univ.OctetString('a'))
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((49, 128, 4, 1, 97, 4, 1, 98, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefMode4(self):
+        s = univ.SetOf()
+        s.append(univ.OctetString('a'))
+        s.append(univ.OctetString('b'))
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((49, 128, 4, 1, 97, 4, 1, 98, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SetOfEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.SetOf(componentType=univ.OctetString())
+
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 128, 0, 0))
+
+    def testIndefMode1(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.append('a')
+        self.s.append('ab')
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 128, 4, 1, 97, 4, 2, 97, 98, 0, 0))
+
+    def testIndefMode2(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.append('ab')
+        self.s.append('a')
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 128, 4, 1, 97, 4, 2, 97, 98, 0, 0))
+
+    def testIndefMode3(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.append('b')
+        self.s.append('a')
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 128, 4, 1, 97, 4, 1, 98, 0, 0))
+
+    def testIndefMode4(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.append('a')
+        self.s.append('b')
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 128, 4, 1, 97, 4, 1, 98, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SetEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Set()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(''))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(1))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 128, 2, 1, 1, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithOptionalIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 2, 1, 1, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 2, 1, 1, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 2, 1, 1, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SetEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Set(componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+            namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null('')),
+            namedtype.OptionalNamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString()),
+            namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(33))
+        ))
+
+    def __init(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0)
+
+    def __initWithOptional(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0)
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, 'quick brown')
+
+    def __initWithDefaulted(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0)
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, 1)
+
+    def __initWithOptionalAndDefaulted(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(''))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(1))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 128, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithOptionalIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 2, 1, 1, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((49, 128, 2, 1, 1, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SetEncoderWithChoiceWithSchemaEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        c = univ.Choice(componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+            namedtype.NamedType('actual', univ.Boolean(0))
+        ))
+        self.s = univ.Set(componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+            namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null('')),
+            namedtype.NamedType('status', c)
+        ))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0)
+        self.s.setComponentByName('status')
+        self.s.getComponentByName('status').setComponentByPosition(0, 1)
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 128, 1, 1, 255, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SetEncoderWithTaggedChoiceEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    def testWithUntaggedChoice(self):
+
+        c = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('premium', univ.Boolean())
+            )
+        )
+
+        s = univ.Set(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('customer', c)
+            )
+        )
+
+        s.setComponentByName('name', 'A')
+        s.getComponentByName('customer').setComponentByName('premium', True)
+
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((49, 128, 1, 1, 255, 4, 1, 65, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithTaggedChoice(self):
+
+        c = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('premium', univ.Boolean())
+            )
+        ).subtype(implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 7))
+
+        s = univ.Set(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('customer', c)
+            )
+        )
+
+        s.setComponentByName('name', 'A')
+        s.getComponentByName('customer').setComponentByName('premium', True)
+
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((49, 128, 4, 1, 65, 167, 128, 1, 1, 255, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Sequence()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(''))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(1))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithOptionalIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithSchemaTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null('')),
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(33))
+            )
+        )
+
+    def __init(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0)
+
+    def __initWithOptional(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0)
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, 'quick brown')
+
+    def __initWithDefaulted(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0)
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, 1)
+
+    def __initWithOptionalAndDefaulted(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(''))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(1))
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        self.__init()
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithOptionalIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+    def testWithOptionalAndDefaultedIndefMode(self):
+        self.__initWithOptionalAndDefaulted()
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            self.s
+        ) == ints2octs((48, 128, 5, 0, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0))
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithUntaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.Any(), openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1] = univ.Integer(12)
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 128, 2, 1, 1, 49, 50, 0, 0)
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceTwo(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1] = univ.OctetString('quick brown')
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 128, 2, 1, 2, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114,
+             111, 119, 110, 0, 0)
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeUnknownId(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1] = univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6')
+
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert False, 'incompatible open type tolerated'
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeIncompatibleType(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1] = univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6')
+
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert False, 'incompatible open type tolerated'
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithImplicitlyTaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.Any().subtype(implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3)), openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1] = univ.Integer(12)
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 128, 2, 1, 1, 163, 128, 163, 128, 49, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+        )
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithExplicitlyTaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.Any().subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3)), openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1] = univ.Integer(12)
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 128, 2, 1, 1, 163, 128, 163, 128, 49, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+        )
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithUntaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.SetOf(
+                    componentType=univ.Any()), openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1].append(univ.Integer(12))
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 128, 2, 1, 1, 49, 128, 49, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceTwo(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1].append(univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 128, 2, 1, 2, 49, 128, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114,
+             111, 119, 110, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeUnknownId(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1].append(univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6'))
+
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert False, 'incompatible open type tolerated'
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeIncompatibleType(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1].append(univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6'))
+
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert False, 'incompatible open type tolerated'
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithImplicitlyTaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.SetOf(
+                    componentType=univ.Any().subtype(
+                        implicitTag=tag.Tag(
+                            tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3))),
+                    openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1].append(univ.Integer(12))
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 128, 2, 1, 1, 49, 128, 163, 128, 163, 128, 49, 50, 0, 0,
+             0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+        )
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithExplicitlyTaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.SetOf(
+                    componentType=univ.Any().subtype(
+                        explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3))),
+                    openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1].append(univ.Integer(12))
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 128, 2, 1, 1, 49, 128, 163, 128, 163, 128, 49, 50, 0, 0,
+             0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+        )
+
+
+class NestedOptionalSequenceEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        inner = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(33)),
+            )
+        )
+
+        outerWithOptional = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('inner', inner),
+            )
+        )
+
+        outerWithDefault = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('inner', inner),
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.s1 = outerWithOptional
+        self.s2 = outerWithDefault
+
+    def __initOptionalWithDefaultAndOptional(self):
+        self.s1.clear()
+        self.s1[0][0] = 'test'
+        self.s1[0][1] = 123
+        return self.s1
+
+    def __initOptionalWithDefault(self):
+        self.s1.clear()
+        self.s1[0][1] = 123
+        return self.s1
+
+    def __initOptionalWithOptional(self):
+        self.s1.clear()
+        self.s1[0][0] = 'test'
+        return self.s1
+
+    def __initOptional(self):
+        self.s1.clear()
+        return self.s1
+
+    def __initDefaultWithDefaultAndOptional(self):
+        self.s2.clear()
+        self.s2[0][0] = 'test'
+        self.s2[0][1] = 123
+        return self.s2
+
+    def __initDefaultWithDefault(self):
+        self.s2.clear()
+        self.s2[0][0] = 'test'
+        return self.s2
+
+    def __initDefaultWithOptional(self):
+        self.s2.clear()
+        self.s2[0][1] = 123
+        return self.s2
+
+    def testOptionalWithDefaultAndOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initOptionalWithDefaultAndOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 48, 128, 4, 4, 116, 101, 115, 116, 2, 1, 123, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testOptionalWithDefault(self):
+        s = self.__initOptionalWithDefault()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 48, 128, 2, 1, 123, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testOptionalWithOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initOptionalWithOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 48, 128, 4, 4, 116, 101, 115, 116, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefaultWithDefaultAndOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initDefaultWithDefaultAndOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 48, 128, 4, 4, 116, 101, 115, 116, 2, 1, 123, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefaultWithDefault(self):
+        s = self.__initDefaultWithDefault()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 48, 128, 4, 4, 116, 101, 115, 116, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testDefaultWithOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initDefaultWithOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 48, 128, 2, 1, 123, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+
+class NestedOptionalChoiceEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        layer3 = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(33)),
+            )
+        )
+
+        layer2 = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('inner', layer3),
+                namedtype.NamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString())
+            )
+        )
+
+        layer1 = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('inner', layer2),
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.s = layer1
+
+    def __initOptionalWithDefaultAndOptional(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s[0][0][0] = 'test'
+        self.s[0][0][1] = 123
+        return self.s
+
+    def __initOptionalWithDefault(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s[0][0][1] = 123
+        return self.s
+
+    def __initOptionalWithOptional(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s[0][0][0] = 'test'
+        return self.s
+
+    def __initOptional(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        return self.s
+
+    def testOptionalWithDefaultAndOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initOptionalWithDefaultAndOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 48, 128, 4, 4, 116, 101, 115, 116, 2, 1, 123, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testOptionalWithDefault(self):
+        s = self.__initOptionalWithDefault()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 48, 128, 2, 1, 123, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testOptionalWithOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initOptionalWithOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 48, 128, 4, 4, 116, 101, 115, 116, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 0, 0))
+
+
+class NestedOptionalSequenceOfEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        layer2 = univ.SequenceOf(
+            componentType=univ.OctetString()
+        )
+
+        layer1 = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('inner', layer2),
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.s = layer1
+
+    def __initOptionalWithValue(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s[0][0] = 'test'
+        return self.s
+
+    def __initOptional(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        return self.s
+
+    def testOptionalWithValue(self):
+        s = self.__initOptionalWithValue()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 48, 128, 4, 4, 116, 101, 115, 116, 0, 0, 0, 0))
+
+    def testOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 128, 0, 0))
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/der/__init__.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/der/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c3066b2e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/der/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# This file is necessary to make this directory a package.
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/der/__main__.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/der/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23560098fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/der/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import unittest
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromNames(
+    ['tests.codec.der.test_encoder.suite',
+     'tests.codec.der.test_decoder.suite']
+)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/der/test_decoder.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/der/test_decoder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f61408317
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/der/test_decoder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.type import tag
+from pyasn1.type import namedtype
+from pyasn1.type import opentype
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+from pyasn1.codec.der import decoder
+from pyasn1.compat.octets import ints2octs, null
+from pyasn1.error import PyAsn1Error
+
+
+class BitStringDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testShortMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((3, 127, 6) + (170,) * 125 + (128,))
+        ) == (((1, 0) * 501), null)
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((35, 128, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138, 0, 0))
+            )
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'indefinite length encoding tolerated'
+
+    def testDefModeChunked(self):
+        try:
+            assert decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((35, 8, 3, 2, 0, 169, 3, 2, 1, 138))
+            )
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'chunked encoding tolerated'
+
+
+class OctetStringDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testShortMode(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(
+            '\004\017Quick brown fox'.encode()
+        ) == ('Quick brown fox'.encode(), ''.encode())
+
+    def testIndefMode(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((36, 128, 4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120, 0, 0))
+            )
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'indefinite length encoding tolerated'
+
+    def testChunkedMode(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((36, 23, 4, 2, 81, 117, 4, 2, 105, 99, 4, 2, 107, 32, 4, 2, 98, 114, 4, 2, 111, 119, 4, 1, 110))
+            )
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'chunked encoding tolerated'
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithUntaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.Any(), openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 6, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+            decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceTwo(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 16, 2, 1, 2, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+            decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 2
+        assert s[1] == univ.OctetString('quick brown')
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownType(self):
+        try:
+            s, r = decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((48, 6, 2, 1, 2, 6, 1, 39)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+                decodeOpenTypes=True
+            )
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'unknown open type tolerated'
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 6, 2, 1, 3, 6, 1, 39)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+            decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='060127')
+
+    def testDontDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 6, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1] == ints2octs((2, 1, 12))
+
+    def testDontDecodeOpenTypesChoiceTwo(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 16, 2, 1, 2, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 2
+        assert s[1] == ints2octs((4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110))
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithImplicitlyTaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType(
+                    'blob', univ.Any().subtype(implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3)), openType=openType
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 8, 2, 1, 1, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 8, 2, 1, 3, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='02010C')
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithExplicitlyTaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType(
+                    'blob', univ.Any().subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3)), openType=openType
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 8, 2, 1, 1, 163, 3, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 8, 2, 1, 3, 163, 3, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='02010C')
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithUnaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.SetOf(componentType=univ.Any()),
+                                    openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 8, 2, 1, 1, 49, 3, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+            decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1][0] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceTwo(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 18, 2, 1, 2, 49, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99,
+                       107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+            decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 2
+        assert s[1][0] == univ.OctetString('quick brown')
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownType(self):
+        try:
+            s, r = decoder.decode(
+                ints2octs((48, 6, 2, 1, 2, 6, 1, 39)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+                decodeOpenTypes=True
+            )
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'unknown open type tolerated'
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 8, 2, 1, 3, 49, 3, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s,
+            decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1][0] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='02010c')
+
+    def testDontDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 8, 2, 1, 1, 49, 3, 2, 1, 12)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1][0] == ints2octs((2, 1, 12))
+
+    def testDontDecodeOpenTypesChoiceTwo(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 18, 2, 1, 2, 49, 13, 4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99,
+                       107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110)), asn1Spec=self.s
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 2
+        assert s[1][0] == ints2octs((4, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114,
+                                     111, 119, 110))
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithImplicitlyTaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType(
+                    'blob', univ.SetOf(
+                        componentType=univ.Any().subtype(
+                            implicitTag=tag.Tag(
+                                tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3))),
+                    openType=openType
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 10, 2, 1, 1, 49, 5, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1][0] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 10, 2, 1, 3, 49, 5, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1][0] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='02010C')
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderWithExplicitlyTaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType(
+                    'blob', univ.SetOf(
+                        componentType=univ.Any().subtype(
+                            explicitTag=tag.Tag(
+                                tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3))),
+                    openType=openType
+                )
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesChoiceOne(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs((48, 10, 2, 1, 1, 49, 5, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 1
+        assert s[1][0] == 12
+
+    def testDecodeOpenTypesUnknownId(self):
+        s, r = decoder.decode(
+            ints2octs( (48, 10, 2, 1, 3, 49, 5, 131, 3, 2, 1, 12)),
+            asn1Spec=self.s, decodeOpenTypes=True
+        )
+        assert not r
+        assert s[0] == 3
+        assert s[1][0] == univ.OctetString(hexValue='02010C')
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/der/test_encoder.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/der/test_encoder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6500396115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/der/test_encoder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,665 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.type import tag
+from pyasn1.type import namedtype
+from pyasn1.type import opentype
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+from pyasn1.codec.der import encoder
+from pyasn1.compat.octets import ints2octs
+
+
+class OctetStringEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testDefModeShort(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.OctetString('Quick brown fox')
+        ) == ints2octs((4, 15, 81, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114, 111, 119, 110, 32, 102, 111, 120))
+
+    def testDefModeLong(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.OctetString('Q' * 10000)
+        ) == ints2octs((4, 130, 39, 16) + (81,) * 10000)
+
+
+class BitStringEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testDefModeShort(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.BitString((1,))
+        ) == ints2octs((3, 2, 7, 128))
+
+    def testDefModeLong(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(
+            univ.BitString((1,) * 80000)
+        ) == ints2octs((3, 130, 39, 17, 0) + (255,) * 10000)
+
+
+class SetOfEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.s = univ.SetOf(componentType=univ.OctetString())
+
+    def testDefMode1(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.append('a')
+        self.s.append('ab')
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 7, 4, 1, 97, 4, 2, 97, 98))
+
+    def testDefMode2(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.append('ab')
+        self.s.append('a')
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 7, 4, 1, 97, 4, 2, 97, 98))
+
+    def testDefMode3(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.append('b')
+        self.s.append('a')
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 6, 4, 1, 97, 4, 1, 98))
+
+    def testDefMode4(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s.append('a')
+        self.s.append('b')
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 6, 4, 1, 97, 4, 1, 98))
+
+
+class SetWithAlternatingChoiceEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        c = univ.Choice(componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+            namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString()),
+            namedtype.NamedType('amount', univ.Boolean()))
+        )
+
+        self.s = univ.Set(componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+            namedtype.NamedType('value', univ.Integer(5)),
+            namedtype.NamedType('status', c))
+        )
+
+    def testComponentsOrdering1(self):
+        self.s.setComponentByName('status')
+        self.s.getComponentByName('status').setComponentByPosition(0, 'A')
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 6, 2, 1, 5, 4, 1, 65))
+
+    def testComponentsOrdering2(self):
+        self.s.setComponentByName('status')
+        self.s.getComponentByName('status').setComponentByPosition(1, True)
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((49, 6, 1, 1, 255, 2, 1, 5))
+
+
+class SetWithTaggedChoiceEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    def testWithUntaggedChoice(self):
+
+        c = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('premium', univ.Boolean())
+            )
+        )
+
+        s = univ.Set(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('customer', c)
+            )
+        )
+
+        s.setComponentByName('name', 'A')
+        s.getComponentByName('customer').setComponentByName('premium', True)
+
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((49, 6, 1, 1, 255, 4, 1, 65))
+
+    def testWithTaggedChoice(self):
+
+        c = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('premium', univ.Boolean())
+            )
+        ).subtype(implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 7))
+
+        s = univ.Set(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('customer', c)
+            )
+        )
+
+        s.setComponentByName('name', 'A')
+        s.getComponentByName('customer').setComponentByName('premium', True)
+
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((49, 8, 4, 1, 65, 167, 3, 1, 1, 255))
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithUntaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.Any(), openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1] = univ.Integer(12)
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 5, 2, 1, 1, 49, 50)
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceTwo(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1] = univ.OctetString('quick brown')
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 14, 2, 1, 2, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32,
+             98, 114, 111, 119, 110)
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeUnknownId(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1] = univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6')
+
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert False, 'incompatible open type tolerated'
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeIncompatibleType(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1] = univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6')
+
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert False, 'incompatible open type tolerated'
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithImplicitlyTaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.Any().subtype(implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3)), openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1] = univ.Integer(12)
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 9, 2, 1, 1, 131, 4, 131, 2, 49, 50)
+        )
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithExplicitlyTaggedOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.Any().subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3)), openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1] = univ.Integer(12)
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 9, 2, 1, 1, 163, 4, 163, 2, 49, 50)
+        )
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithUntaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.SetOf(
+                    componentType=univ.Any()), openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1].append(univ.Integer(12))
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 7, 2, 1, 1, 49, 2, 49, 50)
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceTwo(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1].append(univ.OctetString('quick brown'))
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 16, 2, 1, 2, 49, 11, 113, 117, 105, 99, 107, 32, 98, 114,
+             111, 119, 110)
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeUnknownId(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1].append(univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6'))
+
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert False, 'incompatible open type tolerated'
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeIncompatibleType(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 2
+        self.s[1].append(univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6'))
+
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert False, 'incompatible open type tolerated'
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithImplicitlyTaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.SetOf(
+                    componentType=univ.Any().subtype(
+                        implicitTag=tag.Tag(
+                            tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3))),
+                    openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1].append(univ.Integer(12))
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 11, 2, 1, 1, 49, 6, 131, 4, 131, 2, 49, 50)
+        )
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderWithExplicitlyTaggedSetOfOpenTypesTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        openType = opentype.OpenType(
+            'id',
+            {1: univ.Integer(),
+             2: univ.OctetString()}
+        )
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.SetOf(
+                    componentType=univ.Any().subtype(
+                        explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassContext, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3))),
+                    openType=openType)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testEncodeOpenTypeChoiceOne(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s[0] = 1
+        self.s[1].append(univ.Integer(12))
+
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s, asn1Spec=self.s) == ints2octs(
+            (48, 11, 2, 1, 1, 49, 6, 163, 4, 163, 2, 49, 50)
+        )
+
+
+class NestedOptionalSequenceEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        inner = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(33)),
+            )
+        )
+
+        outerWithOptional = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('inner', inner),
+            )
+        )
+
+        outerWithDefault = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('inner', inner),
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.s1 = outerWithOptional
+        self.s2 = outerWithDefault
+
+    def __initOptionalWithDefaultAndOptional(self):
+        self.s1.clear()
+        self.s1[0][0] = 'test'
+        self.s1[0][1] = 123
+        return self.s1
+
+    def __initOptionalWithDefault(self):
+        self.s1.clear()
+        self.s1[0][1] = 123
+        return self.s1
+
+    def __initOptionalWithOptional(self):
+        self.s1.clear()
+        self.s1[0][0] = 'test'
+        return self.s1
+
+    def __initOptional(self):
+        self.s1.clear()
+        return self.s1
+
+    def __initDefaultWithDefaultAndOptional(self):
+        self.s2.clear()
+        self.s2[0][0] = 'test'
+        self.s2[0][1] = 123
+        return self.s2
+
+    def __initDefaultWithDefault(self):
+        self.s2.clear()
+        self.s2[0][0] = 'test'
+        return self.s2
+
+    def __initDefaultWithOptional(self):
+        self.s2.clear()
+        self.s2[0][1] = 123
+        return self.s2
+
+    def testDefModeOptionalWithDefaultAndOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initOptionalWithDefaultAndOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 11, 48, 9, 4, 4, 116, 101, 115, 116, 2, 1, 123))
+
+    def testDefModeOptionalWithDefault(self):
+        s = self.__initOptionalWithDefault()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 5, 48, 3, 2, 1, 123))
+
+    def testDefModeOptionalWithOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initOptionalWithOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 8, 48, 6, 4, 4, 116, 101, 115, 116))
+
+    def testDefModeOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 0))
+
+    def testDefModeDefaultWithDefaultAndOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initDefaultWithDefaultAndOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 11, 48, 9, 4, 4, 116, 101, 115, 116, 2, 1, 123))
+
+    def testDefModeDefaultWithDefault(self):
+        s = self.__initDefaultWithDefault()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 8, 48, 6, 4, 4, 116, 101, 115, 116))
+
+    def testDefModeDefaultWithOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initDefaultWithOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 5, 48, 3, 2, 1, 123))
+
+
+class NestedOptionalChoiceEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        layer3 = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(33)),
+            )
+        )
+
+        layer2 = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('inner', layer3),
+                namedtype.NamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString())
+            )
+        )
+
+        layer1 = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('inner', layer2),
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.s = layer1
+
+    def __initOptionalWithDefaultAndOptional(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s[0][0][0] = 'test'
+        self.s[0][0][1] = 123
+        return self.s
+
+    def __initOptionalWithDefault(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s[0][0][1] = 123
+        return self.s
+
+    def __initOptionalWithOptional(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s[0][0][0] = 'test'
+        return self.s
+
+    def __initOptional(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        return self.s
+
+    def testDefModeOptionalWithDefaultAndOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initOptionalWithDefaultAndOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 11, 48, 9, 4, 4, 116, 101, 115, 116, 2, 1, 123))
+
+    def testDefModeOptionalWithDefault(self):
+        s = self.__initOptionalWithDefault()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 5, 48, 3, 2, 1, 123))
+
+    def testDefModeOptionalWithOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initOptionalWithOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 8, 48, 6, 4, 4, 116, 101, 115, 116))
+
+    def testDefModeOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 0))
+
+
+class NestedOptionalSequenceOfEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        layer2 = univ.SequenceOf(
+            componentType=univ.OctetString()
+        )
+
+        layer1 = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('inner', layer2),
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.s = layer1
+
+    def __initOptionalWithValue(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s[0][0] = 'test'
+        return self.s
+
+    def __initOptional(self):
+        self.s.clear()
+        return self.s
+
+    def testDefModeOptionalWithValue(self):
+        s = self.__initOptionalWithValue()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 8, 48, 6, 4, 4, 116, 101, 115, 116))
+
+    def testDefModeOptional(self):
+        s = self.__initOptional()
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == ints2octs((48, 0))
+
+
+class EmptyInnerFieldOfSequenceEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    def testInitializedOptionalNullIsEncoded(self):
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('null', univ.Null())
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s[0] = ''
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 2, 5, 0))
+
+    def testUninitializedOptionalNullIsNotEncoded(self):
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('null', univ.Null())
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.s.clear()
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 0))
+
+    def testInitializedDefaultNullIsNotEncoded(self):
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('null', univ.Null(''))
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s[0] = ''
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 0))
+
+    def testInitializedOptionalOctetStringIsEncoded(self):
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('str', univ.OctetString())
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s[0] = ''
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 2, 4, 0))
+
+    def testUninitializedOptionalOctetStringIsNotEncoded(self):
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('str', univ.OctetString())
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.s.clear()
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 0))
+
+    def testInitializedDefaultOctetStringIsNotEncoded(self):
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('str', univ.OctetString(''))
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.s.clear()
+        self.s[0] = ''
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == ints2octs((48, 0))
+
+
+class ClassConstructorTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testKeywords(self):
+        tagmap = {"tagmap": True}
+        typemap = {"typemap": True}
+
+        sie = encoder.Encoder()._singleItemEncoder
+        self.assertIs(sie._tagMap, encoder.TAG_MAP)
+        self.assertIs(sie._typeMap, encoder.TYPE_MAP)
+
+        sie = encoder.Encoder(
+            tagMap=tagmap, typeMap=typemap
+        )._singleItemEncoder
+        self.assertIs(sie._tagMap, tagmap)
+        self.assertIs(sie._typeMap, typemap)
+
+        sie = encoder.Encoder(tagmap, typemap)._singleItemEncoder
+        self.assertIs(sie._tagMap, tagmap)
+        self.assertIs(sie._typeMap, typemap)
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/native/__init__.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/native/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c3066b2e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/native/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# This file is necessary to make this directory a package.
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/native/__main__.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/native/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab7faea877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/native/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import unittest
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromNames(
+    ['tests.codec.native.test_encoder.suite',
+     'tests.codec.native.test_decoder.suite']
+)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/native/test_decoder.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/native/test_decoder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..be7fd7ec0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/native/test_decoder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.type import namedtype
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+from pyasn1.codec.native import decoder
+from pyasn1.error import PyAsn1Error
+
+
+class BadAsn1SpecTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testBadSpec(self):
+        try:
+            decoder.decode('', asn1Spec='not an Asn1Item')
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'Invalid asn1Spec accepted'
+
+
+class IntegerDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testPosInt(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(12, asn1Spec=univ.Integer()) == univ.Integer(12)
+
+    def testNegInt(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(-12, asn1Spec=univ.Integer()) == univ.Integer(-12)
+
+
+class BooleanDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testTrue(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(True, asn1Spec=univ.Boolean()) == univ.Boolean(True)
+
+    def testTrueNeg(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(False, asn1Spec=univ.Boolean()) == univ.Boolean(False)
+
+
+class BitStringDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testSimple(self):
+        assert decoder.decode('11111111', asn1Spec=univ.BitString()) == univ.BitString(hexValue='ff')
+
+
+class OctetStringDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testSimple(self):
+        assert decoder.decode('Quick brown fox', asn1Spec=univ.OctetString()) == univ.OctetString('Quick brown fox')
+
+
+class NullDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testNull(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(None, asn1Spec=univ.Null()) == univ.Null('')
+
+
+class ObjectIdentifierDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testOne(self):
+        assert decoder.decode('1.3.6.11', asn1Spec=univ.ObjectIdentifier()) == univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6.11')
+
+
+class RealDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testSimple(self):
+        assert decoder.decode(1.33, asn1Spec=univ.Real()) == univ.Real(1.33)
+
+
+class SequenceDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('age', univ.Integer(33))
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testSimple(self):
+        s = self.s.clone()
+        s[0] = univ.Null('')
+        s[1] = univ.OctetString('xx')
+        s[2] = univ.Integer(33)
+        assert decoder.decode({'place-holder': None, 'first-name': 'xx', 'age': 33}, asn1Spec=self.s) == s
+
+
+class ChoiceDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.s = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('age', univ.Integer(33))
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testSimple(self):
+        s = self.s.clone()
+        s[1] = univ.OctetString('xx')
+        assert decoder.decode({'first-name': 'xx'}, asn1Spec=self.s) == s
+
+
+class AnyDecoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.s = univ.Any()
+
+    def testSimple(self):
+        assert decoder.decode('fox', asn1Spec=univ.Any()) == univ.Any('fox')
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/native/test_encoder.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/native/test_encoder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..662c284b3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/native/test_encoder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.type import namedtype
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+from pyasn1.codec.native import encoder
+from pyasn1.compat.octets import str2octs
+from pyasn1.error import PyAsn1Error
+
+
+class BadAsn1SpecTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testBadValueType(self):
+        try:
+            encoder.encode('not an Asn1Item')
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'Invalid value type accepted'
+
+
+class IntegerEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testPosInt(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Integer(12)) == 12
+
+    def testNegInt(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Integer(-12)) == -12
+
+
+class BooleanEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testTrue(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Boolean(1)) is True
+
+    def testFalse(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Boolean(0)) is False
+
+
+class BitStringEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.b = univ.BitString((1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1))
+
+    def testValue(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.b) == '101010011000101'
+
+
+class OctetStringEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.o = univ.OctetString('Quick brown fox')
+
+    def testValue(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.o) == str2octs('Quick brown fox')
+
+
+class NullEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testNull(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Null('')) is None
+
+
+class ObjectIdentifierEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testOne(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.ObjectIdentifier((1, 3, 6, 0, 12345))) == '1.3.6.0.12345'
+
+
+class RealEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testChar(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Real((123, 10, 11))) == 1.23e+13
+
+    def testPlusInf(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Real('inf')) == float('inf')
+
+    def testMinusInf(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(univ.Real('-inf')) == float('-inf')
+
+
+class SequenceEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.s = univ.Sequence(componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+            namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null('')),
+            namedtype.OptionalNamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString('')),
+            namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(33)),
+        ))
+
+    def testSimple(self):
+        s = self.s.clone()
+        s[0] = univ.Null('')
+        s[1] = 'abc'
+        s[2] = 123
+        assert encoder.encode(s) == {'place-holder': None, 'first-name': str2octs('abc'), 'age': 123}
+
+
+class ChoiceEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.s = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('place-holder', univ.Null('')),
+                namedtype.NamedType('number', univ.Integer(0)),
+                namedtype.NamedType('string', univ.OctetString())
+           )
+        )
+
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        try:
+            encoder.encode(self.s)
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert False, 'encoded unset choice'
+
+    def testFilled(self):
+        self.s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.Null(''))
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == {'place-holder': None}
+
+
+class AnyEncoderTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s = univ.Any(encoder.encode(univ.OctetString('fox')))
+
+    def testSimple(self):
+        assert encoder.encode(self.s) == str2octs('fox')
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/test_streaming.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/test_streaming.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7dc87257f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/codec/test_streaming.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2019, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import io
+import sys
+
+try:
+    import unittest2 as unittest
+
+except ImportError:
+    import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.codec import streaming
+
+
+class CachingStreamWrapperTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.shortText = b"abcdefghij"
+        self.longText = self.shortText * (io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE * 5)
+        self.shortStream = io.BytesIO(self.shortText)
+        self.longStream = io.BytesIO(self.longText)
+
+    def testReadJustFromCache(self):
+        wrapper = streaming.CachingStreamWrapper(self.shortStream)
+        wrapper.read(6)
+        wrapper.seek(3)
+        assert wrapper.read(1) == b"d"
+        assert wrapper.read(1) == b"e"
+        assert wrapper.tell() == 5
+
+    def testReadFromCacheAndStream(self):
+        wrapper = streaming.CachingStreamWrapper(self.shortStream)
+        wrapper.read(6)
+        wrapper.seek(3)
+        assert wrapper.read(4) == b"defg"
+        assert wrapper.tell() == 7
+
+    def testReadJustFromStream(self):
+        wrapper = streaming.CachingStreamWrapper(self.shortStream)
+        assert wrapper.read(6) == b"abcdef"
+        assert wrapper.tell() == 6
+
+    def testPeek(self):
+        wrapper = streaming.CachingStreamWrapper(self.longStream)
+        read_bytes = wrapper.peek(io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE + 73)
+        assert len(read_bytes) == io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE + 73
+        assert read_bytes.startswith(b"abcdefg")
+        assert wrapper.tell() == 0
+        assert wrapper.read(4) == b"abcd"
+
+    def testMarkedPositionResets(self):
+        wrapper = streaming.CachingStreamWrapper(self.longStream)
+        wrapper.read(10)
+        wrapper.markedPosition = wrapper.tell()
+        assert wrapper.markedPosition == 10
+
+        # Reach the maximum capacity of cache
+        wrapper.read(io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE)
+        assert wrapper.tell() == 10 + io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+
+        # The following should clear the cache
+        wrapper.markedPosition = wrapper.tell()
+        assert wrapper.markedPosition == 0
+        assert len(wrapper._cache.getvalue()) == 0
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/compat/__init__.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/compat/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c3066b2e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/compat/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# This file is necessary to make this directory a package.
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/compat/__main__.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/compat/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94436847ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/compat/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import unittest
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromNames(
+    ['tests.compat.test_integer.suite',
+     'tests.compat.test_octets.suite']
+)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/compat/test_integer.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/compat/test_integer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4026b75402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/compat/test_integer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.compat import integer
+
+
+class IntegerTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    if sys.version_info[0] > 2:
+
+        def test_from_bytes_zero(self):
+            assert 0 == integer.from_bytes(bytes([0]), signed=False)
+
+        def test_from_bytes_unsigned(self):
+            assert -66051 == integer.from_bytes(bytes([254, 253, 253]), signed=True)
+
+        def test_from_bytes_signed(self):
+            assert 66051 == integer.from_bytes(bytes([0, 1, 2, 3]), signed=False)
+
+        def test_from_bytes_empty(self):
+            assert 0 == integer.from_bytes(bytes([]))
+
+    else:
+
+        def test_from_bytes_zero(self):
+            assert 0 == integer.from_bytes('\x00', signed=False)
+
+        def test_from_bytes_unsigned(self):
+            assert -66051 == integer.from_bytes('\xfe\xfd\xfd', signed=True)
+
+        def test_from_bytes_signed(self):
+            assert 66051 == integer.from_bytes('\x01\x02\x03', signed=False)
+
+        def test_from_bytes_empty(self):
+            assert 0 == integer.from_bytes('')
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/compat/test_octets.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/compat/test_octets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4133950704
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/compat/test_octets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.compat import octets
+
+
+class OctetsTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    if sys.version_info[0] > 2:
+
+        def test_ints2octs(self):
+            assert [1, 2, 3] == list(octets.ints2octs([1, 2, 3]))
+
+        def test_ints2octs_empty(self):
+            assert not octets.ints2octs([])
+
+        def test_int2oct(self):
+            assert [12] == list(octets.int2oct(12))
+
+        def test_octs2ints(self):
+            assert [1, 2, 3] == list(octets.octs2ints(bytes([1, 2, 3])))
+
+        def test_octs2ints_empty(self):
+            assert not octets.octs2ints(bytes([]))
+
+        def test_oct2int(self):
+            assert 12 == octets.oct2int(bytes([12]))[0]
+
+        def test_str2octs(self):
+            assert bytes([1, 2, 3]) == octets.str2octs('\x01\x02\x03')
+
+        def test_str2octs_empty(self):
+            assert not octets.str2octs('')
+
+        def test_octs2str(self):
+            assert '\x01\x02\x03' == octets.octs2str(bytes([1, 2, 3]))
+
+        def test_octs2str_empty(self):
+            assert not octets.octs2str(bytes([]))
+
+        def test_isOctetsType(self):
+            assert octets.isOctetsType('abc') == False
+            assert octets.isOctetsType(123) == False
+            assert octets.isOctetsType(bytes()) == True
+
+        def test_isStringType(self):
+            assert octets.isStringType('abc') == True
+            assert octets.isStringType(123) == False
+            assert octets.isStringType(bytes()) == False
+
+        def test_ensureString(self):
+            assert 'abc'.encode() == octets.ensureString('abc'.encode())
+            assert bytes([1, 2, 3]) == octets.ensureString([1, 2, 3])
+
+    else:
+
+        def test_ints2octs(self):
+            assert '\x01\x02\x03' == octets.ints2octs([1, 2, 3])
+
+        def test_ints2octs_empty(self):
+            assert not octets.ints2octs([])
+
+        def test_int2oct(self):
+            assert '\x0c' == octets.int2oct(12)
+
+        def test_octs2ints(self):
+            assert [1, 2, 3] == octets.octs2ints('\x01\x02\x03')
+
+        def test_octs2ints_empty(self):
+            assert not octets.octs2ints('')
+
+        def test_oct2int(self):
+            assert 12 == octets.oct2int('\x0c')
+
+        def test_str2octs(self):
+            assert '\x01\x02\x03' == octets.str2octs('\x01\x02\x03')
+
+        def test_str2octs_empty(self):
+            assert not octets.str2octs('')
+
+        def test_octs2str(self):
+            assert '\x01\x02\x03' == octets.octs2str('\x01\x02\x03')
+
+        def test_octs2str_empty(self):
+            assert not octets.octs2str('')
+
+        def test_isOctetsType(self):
+            assert octets.isOctetsType('abc') == True
+            assert octets.isOctetsType(123) == False
+            assert octets.isOctetsType(unicode('abc')) == False
+
+        def test_isStringType(self):
+            assert octets.isStringType('abc') == True
+            assert octets.isStringType(123) == False
+            assert octets.isStringType(unicode('abc')) == True
+
+        def test_ensureString(self):
+            assert 'abc' == octets.ensureString('abc')
+            assert '123' == octets.ensureString(123)
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/test_debug.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/test_debug.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..84ba4f44c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/test_debug.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1 import debug
+from pyasn1 import error
+
+class DebugCaseBase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testKnownFlags(self):
+        debug.setLogger(0)
+        debug.setLogger(debug.Debug('all', 'encoder', 'decoder'))
+        debug.setLogger(0)
+
+    def testUnknownFlags(self):
+        try:
+            debug.setLogger(debug.Debug('all', 'unknown', loggerName='xxx'))
+
+        except error.PyAsn1Error:
+            debug.setLogger(0)
+            return
+
+        else:
+            debug.setLogger(0)
+            assert 0, 'unknown debug flag tolerated'
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/__init__.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8c3066b2e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# This file is necessary to make this directory a package.
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/__main__.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..67ff23e3c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import unittest
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromNames(
+    ['tests.type.test_constraint.suite',
+     'tests.type.test_opentype.suite',
+     'tests.type.test_namedtype.suite',
+     'tests.type.test_namedval.suite',
+     'tests.type.test_tag.suite',
+     'tests.type.test_univ.suite',
+     'tests.type.test_char.suite',
+     'tests.type.test_useful.suite']
+)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_char.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_char.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..efa179eb0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_char.py
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import pickle
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.type import char
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+from pyasn1.type import constraint
+from pyasn1.compat.octets import ints2octs
+from pyasn1.error import PyAsn1Error
+
+
+class AbstractStringTestCase(object):
+
+    initializer = ()
+    encoding = 'us-ascii'
+    asn1Type = None
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.asn1String = self.asn1Type(ints2octs(self.initializer), encoding=self.encoding)
+        self.pythonString = ints2octs(self.initializer).decode(self.encoding)
+
+    def testUnicode(self):
+        assert self.asn1String == self.pythonString, 'unicode init fails'
+
+    def testLength(self):
+        assert len(self.asn1String) == len(self.pythonString), 'unicode len() fails'
+
+    def testSizeConstraint(self):
+        asn1Spec = self.asn1Type(subtypeSpec=constraint.ValueSizeConstraint(1, 1))
+
+        try:
+            asn1Spec.clone(self.pythonString)
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert False, 'Size constraint tolerated'
+
+        try:
+            asn1Spec.clone(self.pythonString[0])
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert False, 'Size constraint failed'
+
+    def testSerialised(self):
+        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+            assert str(self.asn1String) == self.pythonString.encode(self.encoding), '__str__() fails'
+        else:
+            assert bytes(self.asn1String) == self.pythonString.encode(self.encoding), '__str__() fails'
+
+    def testPrintable(self):
+        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+            assert unicode(self.asn1String) == self.pythonString, '__str__() fails'
+        else:
+            assert str(self.asn1String) == self.pythonString, '__str__() fails'
+
+    def testInit(self):
+        assert self.asn1Type(self.pythonString) == self.pythonString
+        assert self.asn1Type(self.pythonString.encode(self.encoding)) == self.pythonString
+        assert self.asn1Type(univ.OctetString(self.pythonString.encode(self.encoding))) == self.pythonString
+        assert self.asn1Type(self.asn1Type(self.pythonString)) == self.pythonString
+        assert self.asn1Type(self.initializer, encoding=self.encoding) == self.pythonString
+
+    def testInitFromAsn1(self):
+        assert self.asn1Type(self.asn1Type(self.pythonString)) == self.pythonString
+        assert self.asn1Type(univ.OctetString(self.pythonString.encode(self.encoding), encoding=self.encoding)) == self.pythonString
+
+    def testAsOctets(self):
+        assert self.asn1String.asOctets() == self.pythonString.encode(self.encoding), 'testAsOctets() fails'
+
+    def testAsNumbers(self):
+        assert self.asn1String.asNumbers() == self.initializer, 'testAsNumbers() fails'
+
+    def testSeq(self):
+        assert self.asn1String[0] == self.pythonString[0], '__getitem__() fails'
+
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        try:
+            str(self.asn1Type())
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'Value operation on ASN1 type tolerated'
+
+    def testAdd(self):
+        assert self.asn1String + self.pythonString.encode(self.encoding) == self.pythonString + self.pythonString, '__add__() fails'
+
+    def testRadd(self):
+        assert self.pythonString.encode(self.encoding) + self.asn1String == self.pythonString + self.pythonString, '__radd__() fails'
+
+    def testMul(self):
+        assert self.asn1String * 2 == self.pythonString * 2, '__mul__() fails'
+
+    def testRmul(self):
+        assert 2 * self.asn1String == 2 * self.pythonString, '__rmul__() fails'
+
+    def testContains(self):
+        assert self.pythonString in self.asn1String
+        assert self.pythonString + self.pythonString not in self.asn1String
+
+    def testReverse(self):
+        assert list(reversed(self.asn1String)) == list(reversed(self.pythonString))
+
+    def testSchemaPickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = self.asn1Type()
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert type(new_asn1) == self.asn1Type
+        assert old_asn1.isSameTypeWith(new_asn1)
+
+    def testValuePickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = self.asn1String
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert new_asn1 == self.asn1String
+
+
+class VisibleStringTestCase(AbstractStringTestCase, BaseTestCase):
+
+    initializer = (97, 102)
+    encoding = 'us-ascii'
+    asn1Type = char.VisibleString
+
+
+class GeneralStringTestCase(AbstractStringTestCase, BaseTestCase):
+
+    initializer = (169, 174)
+    encoding = 'iso-8859-1'
+    asn1Type = char.GeneralString
+
+
+class UTF8StringTestCase(AbstractStringTestCase, BaseTestCase):
+
+    initializer = (209, 132, 208, 176)
+    encoding = 'utf-8'
+    asn1Type = char.UTF8String
+
+
+class BMPStringTestCase(AbstractStringTestCase, BaseTestCase):
+
+    initializer = (4, 48, 4, 68)
+    encoding = 'utf-16-be'
+    asn1Type = char.BMPString
+
+
+if sys.version_info[0] > 2:
+
+    # Somehow comparison of UTF-32 encoded strings does not work in Py2
+
+    class UniversalStringTestCase(AbstractStringTestCase, BaseTestCase):
+        initializer = (0, 0, 4, 48, 0, 0, 4, 68)
+        encoding = 'utf-32-be'
+        asn1Type = char.UniversalString
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_constraint.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_constraint.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ae95ef61a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_constraint.py
@@ -0,0 +1,420 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.type import constraint
+from pyasn1.type import error
+
+
+class SingleValueConstraintTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.v1 = 1, 2
+        self.v2 = 3, 4
+        self.c1 = constraint.SingleValueConstraint(*self.v1)
+        self.c2 = constraint.SingleValueConstraint(*self.v2)
+
+    def testCmp(self):
+        assert self.c1 == self.c1, 'comparison fails'
+
+    def testHash(self):
+        assert hash(self.c1) != hash(self.c2), 'hash() fails'
+
+    def testGoodVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1(1)
+
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+    def testBadVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1(4)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+    def testContains(self):
+        for v in self.v1:
+            assert v in self.c1
+            assert v not in self.c2
+
+        for v in self.v2:
+            assert v in self.c2
+            assert v not in self.c1
+
+    def testIter(self):
+        assert set(self.v1) == set(self.c1)
+        assert set(self.v2) == set(self.c2)
+
+    def testSub(self):
+        subconst = self.c1 - constraint.SingleValueConstraint(self.v1[0])
+        assert list(subconst) == [self.v1[1]]
+
+    def testAdd(self):
+        superconst = self.c1 + self.c2
+        assert set(superconst) == set(self.v1 + self.v2)
+
+
+class ContainedSubtypeConstraintTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.c1 = constraint.ContainedSubtypeConstraint(
+            constraint.SingleValueConstraint(12)
+        )
+
+    def testGoodVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1(12)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+    def testBadVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1(4)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+
+class ValueRangeConstraintTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.c1 = constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(1, 4)
+
+    def testGoodVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1(1)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+    def testBadVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1(-5)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+
+class ValueSizeConstraintTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.c1 = constraint.ValueSizeConstraint(1, 2)
+
+    def testGoodVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1('a')
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+    def testBadVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1('abc')
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+
+class PermittedAlphabetConstraintTestCase(SingleValueConstraintTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.v1 = 'A', 'B'
+        self.v2 = 'C', 'D'
+        self.c1 = constraint.PermittedAlphabetConstraint(*self.v1)
+        self.c2 = constraint.PermittedAlphabetConstraint(*self.v2)
+
+    def testGoodVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1('A')
+
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+    def testBadVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1('E')
+
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+
+class WithComponentsConstraintTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    def testGoodVal(self):
+        c = constraint.WithComponentsConstraint(
+            ('A', constraint.ComponentPresentConstraint()),
+            ('B', constraint.ComponentAbsentConstraint()))
+
+        try:
+            c({'A': 1})
+
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+    def testGoodValWithExtraFields(self):
+        c = constraint.WithComponentsConstraint(
+            ('A', constraint.ComponentPresentConstraint()),
+            ('B', constraint.ComponentAbsentConstraint())
+        )
+
+        try:
+            c({'A': 1, 'C': 2})
+
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+    def testEmptyConstraint(self):
+        c = constraint.WithComponentsConstraint()
+
+        try:
+            c({'A': 1})
+
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+    def testBadVal(self):
+        c = constraint.WithComponentsConstraint(
+            ('A', constraint.ComponentPresentConstraint())
+        )
+
+        try:
+            c({'B': 2})
+
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+    def testBadValExtraFields(self):
+        c = constraint.WithComponentsConstraint(
+            ('A', constraint.ComponentPresentConstraint())
+        )
+
+        try:
+            c({'B': 2, 'C': 3})
+
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+
+class ConstraintsIntersectionTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.c1 = constraint.ConstraintsIntersection(
+            constraint.SingleValueConstraint(4),
+            constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(2, 4)
+        )
+
+    def testCmp1(self):
+        assert constraint.SingleValueConstraint(4) in self.c1, '__cmp__() fails'
+
+    def testCmp2(self):
+        assert constraint.SingleValueConstraint(5) not in self.c1, \
+            '__cmp__() fails'
+
+    def testCmp3(self):
+        c = constraint.ConstraintsUnion(constraint.ConstraintsIntersection(
+            constraint.SingleValueConstraint(4),
+            constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(2, 4))
+        )
+        assert self.c1 in c, '__cmp__() fails'
+
+    def testCmp4(self):
+        c = constraint.ConstraintsUnion(
+            constraint.ConstraintsIntersection(constraint.SingleValueConstraint(5))
+        )
+        assert self.c1 not in c, '__cmp__() fails'
+
+    def testGoodVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1(4)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+    def testBadVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1(-5)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+
+class InnerTypeConstraintTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testConst1(self):
+        c = constraint.InnerTypeConstraint(
+            constraint.SingleValueConstraint(4)
+        )
+        try:
+            c(4, 32)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+        try:
+            c(5, 32)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+    def testConst2(self):
+        c = constraint.InnerTypeConstraint(
+            (0, constraint.SingleValueConstraint(4), 'PRESENT'),
+            (1, constraint.SingleValueConstraint(4), 'ABSENT')
+        )
+        try:
+            c(4, 0)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+        try:
+            c(4, 1)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+        try:
+            c(3, 0)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+        # Constraints compositions
+
+
+class ConstraintsIntersectionRangeTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.c1 = constraint.ConstraintsIntersection(
+            constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(1, 9),
+            constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(2, 5)
+        )
+
+    def testGoodVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1(3)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+    def testBadVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1(0)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+
+class ConstraintsUnionTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.c1 = constraint.ConstraintsUnion(
+            constraint.SingleValueConstraint(5),
+            constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(1, 3)
+        )
+
+    def testGoodVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1(2)
+            self.c1(5)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+    def testBadVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1(-5)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+
+class ConstraintsExclusionTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.c1 = constraint.ConstraintsExclusion(
+            constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(2, 4)
+        )
+
+    def testGoodVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1(6)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+    def testBadVal(self):
+        try:
+            self.c1(2)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint check fails'
+
+
+# Constraints derivations
+
+class DirectDerivationTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.c1 = constraint.SingleValueConstraint(5)
+
+        self.c2 = constraint.ConstraintsUnion(
+            self.c1, constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(1, 3)
+        )
+
+    def testGoodVal(self):
+        assert self.c1.isSuperTypeOf(self.c2), 'isSuperTypeOf failed'
+        assert not self.c1.isSubTypeOf(self.c2), 'isSubTypeOf failed'
+
+    def testBadVal(self):
+        assert not self.c2.isSuperTypeOf(self.c1), 'isSuperTypeOf failed'
+        assert self.c2.isSubTypeOf(self.c1), 'isSubTypeOf failed'
+
+
+class IndirectDerivationTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.c1 = constraint.ConstraintsIntersection(
+            constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(1, 30)
+        )
+
+        self.c2 = constraint.ConstraintsIntersection(
+            self.c1, constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(1, 20)
+        )
+
+        self.c2 = constraint.ConstraintsIntersection(
+            self.c2, constraint.ValueRangeConstraint(1, 10)
+        )
+
+    def testGoodVal(self):
+        assert self.c1.isSuperTypeOf(self.c2), 'isSuperTypeOf failed'
+        assert not self.c1.isSubTypeOf(self.c2), 'isSubTypeOf failed'
+
+    def testBadVal(self):
+        assert not self.c2.isSuperTypeOf(self.c1), 'isSuperTypeOf failed'
+        assert self.c2.isSubTypeOf(self.c1), 'isSubTypeOf failed'
+
+# TODO: how to apply size constraints to constructed types?
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_namedtype.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_namedtype.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4585984e6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_namedtype.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.type import namedtype
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+from pyasn1.error import PyAsn1Error
+
+
+class NamedTypeCaseBase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.e = namedtype.NamedType('age', univ.Integer(0))
+
+    def testIter(self):
+        n, t = self.e
+        assert n == 'age' or t == univ.Integer(), 'unpack fails'
+
+    def testRepr(self):
+        assert 'age' in repr(self.e)
+
+
+class NamedTypesCaseBase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.e = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+            namedtype.NamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString('')),
+            namedtype.OptionalNamedType('age', univ.Integer(0)),
+            namedtype.NamedType('family-name', univ.OctetString(''))
+        )
+
+    def testRepr(self):
+        assert 'first-name' in repr(self.e)
+
+    def testContains(self):
+        assert 'first-name' in self.e
+        assert '<missing>' not in self.e
+
+    # noinspection PyUnusedLocal
+    def testGetItem(self):
+        assert self.e[0] == namedtype.NamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString(''))
+
+    def testIter(self):
+        assert list(self.e) == ['first-name', 'age', 'family-name']
+
+    def testGetTypeByPosition(self):
+        assert self.e.getTypeByPosition(0) == univ.OctetString(''), \
+            'getTypeByPosition() fails'
+
+    def testGetNameByPosition(self):
+        assert self.e.getNameByPosition(0) == 'first-name', \
+            'getNameByPosition() fails'
+
+    def testGetPositionByName(self):
+        assert self.e.getPositionByName('first-name') == 0, \
+            'getPositionByName() fails'
+
+    def testGetTypesNearPosition(self):
+        assert self.e.getTagMapNearPosition(0).presentTypes == {
+            univ.OctetString.tagSet: univ.OctetString('')
+        }
+        assert self.e.getTagMapNearPosition(1).presentTypes == {
+            univ.Integer.tagSet: univ.Integer(0),
+            univ.OctetString.tagSet: univ.OctetString('')
+        }
+        assert self.e.getTagMapNearPosition(2).presentTypes == {
+            univ.OctetString.tagSet: univ.OctetString('')
+        }
+
+    def testGetTagMap(self):
+        assert self.e.tagMap.presentTypes == {
+            univ.OctetString.tagSet: univ.OctetString(''),
+            univ.Integer.tagSet: univ.Integer(0)
+        }
+
+    def testStrTagMap(self):
+        assert 'TagMap' in str(self.e.tagMap)
+        assert 'OctetString' in str(self.e.tagMap)
+        assert 'Integer' in str(self.e.tagMap)
+
+    def testReprTagMap(self):
+        assert 'TagMap' in repr(self.e.tagMap)
+        assert 'OctetString' in repr(self.e.tagMap)
+        assert 'Integer' in repr(self.e.tagMap)
+
+    def testGetTagMapWithDups(self):
+        try:
+            self.e.tagMapUnique[0]
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'Duped types not noticed'
+
+    def testGetPositionNearType(self):
+        assert self.e.getPositionNearType(univ.OctetString.tagSet, 0) == 0
+        assert self.e.getPositionNearType(univ.Integer.tagSet, 1) == 1
+        assert self.e.getPositionNearType(univ.OctetString.tagSet, 2) == 2
+
+
+class OrderedNamedTypesCaseBase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.e = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+            namedtype.NamedType('first-name', univ.OctetString('')),
+            namedtype.NamedType('age', univ.Integer(0))
+        )
+
+    def testGetTypeByPosition(self):
+        assert self.e.getTypeByPosition(0) == univ.OctetString(''), \
+            'getTypeByPosition() fails'
+
+
+class DuplicateNamedTypesCaseBase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testDuplicateDefaultTags(self):
+        nt = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+            namedtype.NamedType('first-name', univ.Any()),
+            namedtype.NamedType('age', univ.Any())
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(nt.tagMap, namedtype.NamedTypes.PostponedError)
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_namedval.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_namedval.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fda2da2a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_namedval.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.type import namedval
+
+
+class NamedValuesCaseBase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.e = namedval.NamedValues(('off', 0), ('on', 1))
+
+    def testDict(self):
+        assert set(self.e.items()) == {('off', 0), ('on', 1)}
+        assert set(self.e.keys()) == {'off', 'on'}
+        assert set(self.e) == {'off', 'on'}
+        assert set(self.e.values()) == {0, 1}
+        assert 'on' in self.e and 'off' in self.e and 'xxx' not in self.e
+        assert 0 in self.e and 1 in self.e and 2 not in self.e
+
+    def testInit(self):
+        assert namedval.NamedValues(off=0, on=1) == {'off': 0, 'on': 1}
+        assert namedval.NamedValues('off', 'on') == {'off': 0, 'on': 1}
+        assert namedval.NamedValues(('c', 0)) == {'c': 0}
+        assert namedval.NamedValues('a', 'b', ('c', 0), d=1) == {'c': 0, 'd': 1, 'a': 2, 'b': 3}
+
+    def testLen(self):
+        assert len(self.e) == 2
+        assert len(namedval.NamedValues()) == 0
+
+    def testAdd(self):
+        assert namedval.NamedValues(off=0) + namedval.NamedValues(on=1) == {'off': 0, 'on': 1}
+
+    def testClone(self):
+        assert namedval.NamedValues(off=0).clone(('on', 1)) == {'off': 0, 'on': 1}
+        assert namedval.NamedValues(off=0).clone(on=1) == {'off': 0, 'on': 1}
+
+    def testStrRepr(self):
+        assert str(self.e)
+        assert repr(self.e)
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_opentype.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_opentype.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ae9715f40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_opentype.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+from pyasn1.type import tag
+from pyasn1.type import namedtype
+from pyasn1.type import opentype
+from pyasn1.compat.octets import str2octs
+from pyasn1.error import PyAsn1Error
+
+
+class UntaggedAnyTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        class Sequence(univ.Sequence):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', univ.Any())
+            )
+
+        self.s = Sequence()
+
+    def testTypeCheckOnAssignment(self):
+
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s['blob'] = univ.Any(str2octs('xxx'))
+
+        # this should succeed because Any is untagged and unconstrained
+        self.s['blob'] = univ.Integer(123)
+
+
+class TaggedAnyTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.taggedAny = univ.Any().subtype(implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassPrivate, tag.tagFormatSimple, 20))
+
+        class Sequence(univ.Sequence):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', self.taggedAny)
+            )
+
+        self.s = Sequence()
+
+    def testTypeCheckOnAssignment(self):
+
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s['blob'] = self.taggedAny.clone('xxx')
+
+        try:
+            self.s.setComponentByName('blob', univ.Integer(123))
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'non-open type assignment tolerated'
+
+
+class TaggedAnyOpenTypeTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.taggedAny = univ.Any().subtype(implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassPrivate, tag.tagFormatSimple, 20))
+
+        class Sequence(univ.Sequence):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('blob', self.taggedAny, openType=opentype.OpenType(name='id'))
+            )
+
+        self.s = Sequence()
+
+    def testTypeCheckOnAssignment(self):
+
+        self.s.clear()
+
+        self.s['blob'] = univ.Any(str2octs('xxx'))
+        self.s['blob'] = univ.Integer(123)
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_tag.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_tag.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5d27b72b8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_tag.py
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.type import tag
+
+
+class TagTestCaseBase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.t1 = tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3)
+        self.t2 = tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 3)
+
+
+class TagReprTestCase(TagTestCaseBase):
+    def testRepr(self):
+        assert 'Tag' in repr(self.t1)
+
+
+class TagCmpTestCase(TagTestCaseBase):
+    def testCmp(self):
+        assert self.t1 == self.t2, 'tag comparison fails'
+
+    def testHash(self):
+        assert hash(self.t1) == hash(self.t2), 'tag hash comparison fails'
+
+    def testSequence(self):
+        assert self.t1[0] == self.t2[0] and \
+               self.t1[1] == self.t2[1] and \
+               self.t1[2] == self.t2[2], 'tag sequence protocol fails'
+
+
+class TagSetTestCaseBase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.ts1 = tag.initTagSet(
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 12)
+        )
+
+        self.ts2 = tag.initTagSet(
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 12)
+        )
+
+
+class TagSetReprTestCase(TagSetTestCaseBase):
+    def testRepr(self):
+        assert 'TagSet' in repr(self.ts1)
+
+
+class TagSetCmpTestCase(TagSetTestCaseBase):
+    def testCmp(self):
+        assert self.ts1 == self.ts2, 'tag set comparison fails'
+
+    def testHash(self):
+        assert hash(self.ts1) == hash(self.ts2), 'tag set hash comp. fails'
+
+    def testLen(self):
+        assert len(self.ts1) == len(self.ts2), 'tag length comparison fails'
+
+
+class TaggingTestSuite(TagSetTestCaseBase):
+    def testImplicitTag(self):
+        t = self.ts1.tagImplicitly(
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 14)
+        )
+        assert t == tag.TagSet(
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 12),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 14)
+        ), 'implicit tagging went wrong'
+
+    def testExplicitTag(self):
+        t = self.ts1.tagExplicitly(
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassPrivate, tag.tagFormatSimple, 32)
+        )
+        assert t == tag.TagSet(
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 12),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 12),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassPrivate, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 32)
+        ), 'explicit tagging went wrong'
+
+
+class TagSetAddTestSuite(TagSetTestCaseBase):
+    def testAdd(self):
+        t = self.ts1 + tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 2)
+        assert t == tag.TagSet(
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 12),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 12),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 2)
+        ), 'TagSet.__add__() fails'
+
+    def testRadd(self):
+        t = tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 2) + self.ts1
+        assert t == tag.TagSet(
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 12),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassApplication, tag.tagFormatSimple, 2),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 12)
+        ), 'TagSet.__radd__() fails'
+
+
+class SuperTagSetTestCase(TagSetTestCaseBase):
+    def testSuperTagCheck1(self):
+        assert self.ts1.isSuperTagSetOf(
+            tag.TagSet(
+                tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 12),
+                tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 12)
+            )), 'isSuperTagSetOf() fails'
+
+    def testSuperTagCheck2(self):
+        assert not self.ts1.isSuperTagSetOf(
+            tag.TagSet(
+                tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 12),
+                tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 13)
+            )), 'isSuperTagSetOf() fails'
+
+    def testSuperTagCheck3(self):
+        assert self.ts1.isSuperTagSetOf(
+            tag.TagSet((), tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal,
+                                   tag.tagFormatSimple, 12))
+        ), 'isSuperTagSetOf() fails'
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_univ.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_univ.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..001f978d48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_univ.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2184 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import math
+import pickle
+import platform
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.type import univ
+from pyasn1.type import tag
+from pyasn1.type import constraint
+from pyasn1.type import namedtype
+from pyasn1.type import namedval
+from pyasn1.type import error
+from pyasn1.compat.octets import str2octs, ints2octs, octs2ints, octs2str
+from pyasn1.error import PyAsn1Error
+from pyasn1.error import PyAsn1UnicodeEncodeError, PyAsn1UnicodeDecodeError
+
+
+class NoValueTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testSingleton(self):
+        assert univ.NoValue() is univ.NoValue(), 'NoValue is not a singleton'
+
+    def testRepr(self):
+        try:
+            repr(univ.noValue)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert False, 'repr() on NoValue object fails'
+
+    def testIsInstance(self):
+        try:
+            assert isinstance(univ.noValue, univ.NoValue), 'isinstance() on NoValue() object fails'
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert False, 'isinstance() on NoValue object fails'
+
+    def testStr(self):
+        try:
+            str(univ.noValue)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'str() works for NoValue object'
+
+    def testLen(self):
+        try:
+            len(univ.noValue)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'len() works for NoValue object'
+
+    def testCmp(self):
+        try:
+            univ.noValue == 1
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'comparison works for NoValue object'
+
+    def testSubs(self):
+        try:
+            univ.noValue[0]
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, '__getitem__() works for NoValue object'
+
+    def testKey(self):
+        try:
+            univ.noValue['key']
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, '__getitem__() works for NoValue object'
+
+    def testKeyAssignment(self):
+        try:
+            univ.noValue['key'] = 123
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, '__setitem__() works for NoValue object'
+
+    def testInt(self):
+        try:
+            int(univ.noValue)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'integer conversion works for NoValue object'
+
+    def testAdd(self):
+        try:
+            univ.noValue + univ.noValue
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'addition works for NoValue object'
+
+    def testBitShift(self):
+        try:
+            univ.noValue << 1
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'bitshift works for NoValue object'
+
+    def testBooleanEvaluation(self):
+        try:
+            if univ.noValue:
+                pass
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'boolean evaluation works for NoValue object'
+    
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        platform.python_implementation() == "PyPy",
+        "getsizeof() raises TypeError on PyPy"
+    )
+    def testSizeOf(self):
+        try:
+            sys.getsizeof(univ.noValue)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert False, 'sizeof failed for NoValue object'
+
+
+class IntegerTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testStr(self):
+        assert str(univ.Integer(1)) in ('1', '1L'), 'str() fails'
+
+    def testRepr(self):
+        assert '123' in repr(univ.Integer(123))
+
+    def testAnd(self):
+        assert univ.Integer(1) & 0 == 0, '__and__() fails'
+
+    def testOr(self):
+        assert univ.Integer(1) | 0 == 1, '__or__() fails'
+
+    def testXor(self):
+        assert univ.Integer(1) ^ 0 == 1, '__xor__() fails'
+
+    def testRand(self):
+        assert 0 & univ.Integer(1) == 0, '__rand__() fails'
+
+    def testRor(self):
+        assert 0 | univ.Integer(1) == 1, '__ror__() fails'
+
+    def testRxor(self):
+        assert 0 ^ univ.Integer(1) == 1, '__rxor__() fails'
+
+    def testAdd(self):
+        assert univ.Integer(-4) + 6 == 2, '__add__() fails'
+
+    def testRadd(self):
+        assert 4 + univ.Integer(5) == 9, '__radd__() fails'
+
+    def testSub(self):
+        assert univ.Integer(3) - 6 == -3, '__sub__() fails'
+
+    def testRsub(self):
+        assert 6 - univ.Integer(3) == 3, '__rsub__() fails'
+
+    def testMul(self):
+        assert univ.Integer(3) * -3 == -9, '__mul__() fails'
+
+    def testRmul(self):
+        assert 2 * univ.Integer(3) == 6, '__rmul__() fails'
+
+    def testDivInt(self):
+        assert univ.Integer(4) / 2 == 2, '__div__() fails'
+
+    if sys.version_info[0] > 2:
+        def testDivFloat(self):
+            assert univ.Integer(3) / 2 == 1.5, '__div__() fails'
+
+        def testRdivFloat(self):
+            assert 3 / univ.Integer(2) == 1.5, '__rdiv__() fails'
+    else:
+        def testDivFloat(self):
+            assert univ.Integer(3) / 2 == 1, '__div__() fails'
+
+        def testRdivFloat(self):
+            assert 3 / univ.Integer(2) == 1, '__rdiv__() fails'
+
+    def testRdivInt(self):
+        assert 6 / univ.Integer(3) == 2, '__rdiv__() fails'
+
+    if sys.version_info[0] > 2:
+        def testTrueDiv(self):
+            assert univ.Integer(3) / univ.Integer(2) == 1.5, '__truediv__() fails'
+
+    def testFloorDiv(self):
+        assert univ.Integer(3) // univ.Integer(2) == 1, '__floordiv__() fails'
+
+    def testMod(self):
+        assert univ.Integer(3) % 2 == 1, '__mod__() fails'
+
+    def testRmod(self):
+        assert 4 % univ.Integer(3) == 1, '__rmod__() fails'
+
+    def testPow(self):
+        assert univ.Integer(3) ** 2 == 9, '__pow__() fails'
+
+    def testRpow(self):
+        assert 2 ** univ.Integer(2) == 4, '__rpow__() fails'
+
+    def testLshift(self):
+        assert univ.Integer(1) << 1 == 2, '<< fails'
+
+    def testRshift(self):
+        assert univ.Integer(2) >> 1 == 1, '>> fails'
+
+    def testInt(self):
+        assert int(univ.Integer(3)) == 3, '__int__() fails'
+
+    def testLong(self):
+        assert int(univ.Integer(8)) == 8, '__long__() fails'
+
+    def testFloat(self):
+        assert float(univ.Integer(4)) == 4.0, '__float__() fails'
+
+    def testPos(self):
+        assert +univ.Integer(1) == 1, '__pos__() fails'
+
+    def testNeg(self):
+        assert -univ.Integer(1) == -1, '__neg__() fails'
+
+    def testInvert(self):
+        assert ~univ.Integer(1) == -2, '__invert__() fails'
+
+    def testRound(self):
+        assert round(univ.Integer(1), 3) == 1.0, '__round__() fails'
+
+    def testFloor(self):
+        assert math.floor(univ.Integer(1)) == 1, '__floor__() fails'
+
+    def testCeil(self):
+        assert math.ceil(univ.Integer(1)) == 1, '__ceil__() fails'
+
+    def testTrunc(self):
+        assert math.trunc(univ.Integer(1)) == 1, '__trunc__() fails'
+
+    def testPrettyIn(self):
+        assert univ.Integer('3') == 3, 'prettyIn() fails'
+
+    def testTag(self):
+        assert univ.Integer().tagSet == tag.TagSet(
+            (),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0x02)
+        )
+
+    def testNamedVals(self):
+
+        class Integer(univ.Integer):
+            namedValues = univ.Integer.namedValues.clone(('asn1', 1))
+
+        assert Integer('asn1') == 1, 'named val fails'
+        assert int(Integer('asn1')) == 1, 'named val fails'
+        assert str(Integer('asn1')) == 'asn1', 'named val __str__() fails'
+
+    def testSubtype(self):
+        assert univ.Integer().subtype(
+            value=1,
+            implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassPrivate, tag.tagFormatSimple, 2),
+            subtypeSpec=constraint.SingleValueConstraint(1, 3)
+        ) == univ.Integer(
+            value=1,
+            tagSet=tag.TagSet(tag.Tag(tag.tagClassPrivate,
+                                      tag.tagFormatSimple, 2)),
+            subtypeSpec=constraint.ConstraintsIntersection(constraint.SingleValueConstraint(1, 3))
+        )
+
+
+class IntegerPicklingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def testSchemaPickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.Integer()
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert type(new_asn1) == univ.Integer
+        assert old_asn1.isSameTypeWith(new_asn1)
+
+    def testValuePickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.Integer(-123)
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert new_asn1 == -123
+
+
+class BooleanTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testTruth(self):
+        assert univ.Boolean(True) and univ.Boolean(1), 'Truth initializer fails'
+
+    def testFalse(self):
+        assert not univ.Boolean(False) and not univ.Boolean(0), 'False initializer fails'
+
+    def testStr(self):
+        assert str(univ.Boolean(1)) == 'True', 'str() fails'
+
+    def testInt(self):
+        assert int(univ.Boolean(1)) == 1, 'int() fails'
+
+    def testRepr(self):
+        assert 'Boolean' in repr(univ.Boolean(1))
+
+    def testTag(self):
+        assert univ.Boolean().tagSet == tag.TagSet(
+            (),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0x01)
+        )
+
+    def testConstraints(self):
+
+        class Boolean(univ.Boolean):
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            Boolean(2)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint fail'
+
+
+class BooleanPicklingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def testSchemaPickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.Boolean()
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert type(new_asn1) == univ.Boolean
+        assert old_asn1.isSameTypeWith(new_asn1)
+
+    def testValuePickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.Boolean(True)
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert new_asn1 == True
+
+
+class BitStringTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.b = univ.BitString(
+            namedValues=namedval.NamedValues(('Active', 0), ('Urgent', 1))
+        )
+
+    def testBinDefault(self):
+
+        class BinDefault(univ.BitString):
+            defaultBinValue = '1010100110001010'
+
+        assert BinDefault() == univ.BitString(binValue='1010100110001010')
+
+    def testHexDefault(self):
+
+        class HexDefault(univ.BitString):
+            defaultHexValue = 'A98A'
+
+        assert HexDefault() == univ.BitString(hexValue='A98A')
+
+    def testSet(self):
+        assert self.b.clone('Active') == (1,)
+        assert self.b.clone('Urgent') == (0, 1)
+        assert self.b.clone('Urgent, Active') == (1, 1)
+        assert self.b.clone("'1010100110001010'B") == (1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0)
+        assert self.b.clone("'A98A'H") == (1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0)
+        assert self.b.clone(binValue='1010100110001010') == (1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0)
+        assert self.b.clone(hexValue='A98A') == (1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0)
+        assert self.b.clone('1010100110001010') == (1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0)
+        assert self.b.clone((1, 0, 1)) == (1, 0, 1)
+
+    def testStr(self):
+        assert str(self.b.clone('Urgent')) == '01'
+
+    def testRepr(self):
+        assert 'BitString' in repr(self.b.clone('Urgent,Active'))
+
+    def testTag(self):
+        assert univ.BitString().tagSet == tag.TagSet(
+            (),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0x03)
+        )
+
+    def testLen(self):
+        assert len(self.b.clone("'A98A'H")) == 16
+
+    def testGetItem(self):
+        assert self.b.clone("'A98A'H")[0] == 1
+        assert self.b.clone("'A98A'H")[1] == 0
+        assert self.b.clone("'A98A'H")[2] == 1
+
+    def testReverse(self):
+        assert list(reversed(univ.BitString([0, 0, 1]))) == list(univ.BitString([1, 0, 0]))
+
+    def testAsOctets(self):
+        assert self.b.clone(hexValue='A98A').asOctets() == ints2octs((0xa9, 0x8a)), 'testAsOctets() fails'
+
+    def testAsInts(self):
+        assert self.b.clone(hexValue='A98A').asNumbers() == (0xa9, 0x8a), 'testAsNumbers() fails'
+
+    def testMultipleOfEightPadding(self):
+        assert self.b.clone((1, 0, 1)).asNumbers() == (5,)
+
+    def testAsInteger(self):
+        assert self.b.clone('11000000011001').asInteger() == 12313
+        assert self.b.clone('1100110011011111').asInteger() == 52447
+
+    def testStaticDef(self):
+
+        class BitString(univ.BitString):
+            pass
+
+        assert BitString('11000000011001').asInteger() == 12313
+
+
+class BitStringPicklingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def testSchemaPickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.BitString()
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert type(new_asn1) == univ.BitString
+        assert old_asn1.isSameTypeWith(new_asn1)
+
+    def testValuePickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.BitString((1, 0, 1, 0))
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert new_asn1 == (1, 0, 1, 0)
+
+
+class OctetStringWithUnicodeMixIn(object):
+
+    initializer = ()
+    encoding = 'us-ascii'
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.pythonString = ints2octs(self.initializer).decode(self.encoding)
+        self.encodedPythonString = self.pythonString.encode(self.encoding)
+        self.numbersString = tuple(octs2ints(self.encodedPythonString))
+
+    def testInit(self):
+        assert univ.OctetString(self.encodedPythonString) == self.encodedPythonString, '__init__() fails'
+
+    def testInitFromAsn1(self):
+            assert univ.OctetString(univ.OctetString(self.encodedPythonString)) == self.encodedPythonString
+            assert univ.OctetString(univ.Integer(123)) == univ.OctetString('123')
+
+    def testSerialised(self):
+        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+            assert str(univ.OctetString(self.encodedPythonString, encoding=self.encoding)) == self.encodedPythonString, '__str__() fails'
+        else:
+            assert bytes(univ.OctetString(self.encodedPythonString, encoding=self.encoding)) == self.encodedPythonString, '__str__() fails'
+
+    def testPrintable(self):
+        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+            assert str(univ.OctetString(self.encodedPythonString, encoding=self.encoding)) == self.encodedPythonString, '__str__() fails'
+            assert unicode(univ.OctetString(self.pythonString, encoding=self.encoding)) == self.pythonString, 'unicode init fails'
+        else:
+            assert str(univ.OctetString(self.pythonString, encoding=self.encoding)) == self.pythonString, 'unicode init fails'
+
+    def testSeq(self):
+        assert univ.OctetString(self.encodedPythonString)[0] == self.encodedPythonString[0], '__getitem__() fails'
+
+    def testRepr(self):
+        assert 'abc' in repr(univ.OctetString('abc'))
+
+    def testAsOctets(self):
+        assert univ.OctetString(self.encodedPythonString).asOctets() == self.encodedPythonString, 'testAsOctets() fails'
+
+    def testAsInts(self):
+        assert univ.OctetString(self.encodedPythonString).asNumbers() == self.numbersString, 'testAsNumbers() fails'
+
+    def testAdd(self):
+        assert univ.OctetString(self.encodedPythonString) + self.encodedPythonString == self.encodedPythonString + self.encodedPythonString, '__add__() fails'
+
+    def testRadd(self):
+        assert self.encodedPythonString + univ.OctetString(self.encodedPythonString) == self.encodedPythonString + self.encodedPythonString, '__radd__() fails'
+
+    def testMul(self):
+        assert univ.OctetString(self.encodedPythonString) * 2 == self.encodedPythonString * 2, '__mul__() fails'
+
+    def testRmul(self):
+        assert 2 * univ.OctetString(self.encodedPythonString) == 2 * self.encodedPythonString, '__rmul__() fails'
+
+    def testContains(self):
+        s = univ.OctetString(self.encodedPythonString)
+        assert self.encodedPythonString in s
+        assert self.encodedPythonString * 2 not in s
+
+    def testReverse(self):
+        assert list(reversed(univ.OctetString(self.encodedPythonString))) == list(reversed(self.encodedPythonString))
+
+
+class OctetStringWithAsciiTestCase(OctetStringWithUnicodeMixIn, BaseTestCase):
+    initializer = (97, 102)
+    encoding = 'us-ascii'
+
+
+class OctetStringUnicodeErrorTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testEncodeError(self):
+        serialized = ints2octs((0xff, 0xfe))
+
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 0):
+            text = serialized.decode('iso-8859-1')
+
+        else:
+            text = octs2str(serialized)
+
+        try:
+            univ.OctetString(text, encoding='us-ascii')
+
+        except PyAsn1UnicodeEncodeError:
+            pass
+
+    def testDecodeError(self):
+        serialized = ints2octs((0xff, 0xfe))
+
+        octetString = univ.OctetString(serialized, encoding='us-ascii')
+
+        try:
+            if sys.version_info < (3, 0):
+                unicode(octetString)
+
+            else:
+                str(octetString)
+
+        except PyAsn1UnicodeDecodeError:
+            pass
+
+
+class OctetStringWithUtf8TestCase(OctetStringWithUnicodeMixIn, BaseTestCase):
+    initializer = (208, 176, 208, 177, 208, 178)
+    encoding = 'utf-8'
+
+
+class OctetStringWithUtf16TestCase(OctetStringWithUnicodeMixIn, BaseTestCase):
+    initializer = (4, 48, 4, 49, 4, 50)
+    encoding = 'utf-16-be'
+
+
+if sys.version_info[0] > 2:
+
+    # Somehow comparison of UTF-32 encoded strings does not work in Py2
+
+    class OctetStringWithUtf32TestCase(OctetStringWithUnicodeMixIn, BaseTestCase):
+        initializer = (0, 0, 4, 48, 0, 0, 4, 49, 0, 0, 4, 50)
+        encoding = 'utf-32-be'
+
+
+class OctetStringTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    def testBinDefault(self):
+
+        class BinDefault(univ.OctetString):
+            defaultBinValue = '1000010111101110101111000000111011'
+
+        assert BinDefault() == univ.OctetString(binValue='1000010111101110101111000000111011')
+
+    def testHexDefault(self):
+
+        class HexDefault(univ.OctetString):
+            defaultHexValue = 'FA9823C43E43510DE3422'
+
+        assert HexDefault() == univ.OctetString(hexValue='FA9823C43E43510DE3422')
+
+    def testBinStr(self):
+        assert univ.OctetString(binValue="1000010111101110101111000000111011") == ints2octs((133, 238, 188, 14, 192)), 'bin init fails'
+
+    def testHexStr(self):
+        assert univ.OctetString(hexValue="FA9823C43E43510DE3422") == ints2octs((250, 152, 35, 196, 62, 67, 81, 13, 227, 66, 32)), 'hex init fails'
+
+    def testTuple(self):
+        assert univ.OctetString((1, 2, 3, 4, 5)) == ints2octs((1, 2, 3, 4, 5)), 'tuple init failed'
+
+    def testRepr(self):
+        assert 'abc' in repr(univ.OctetString('abc'))
+
+    def testEmpty(self):
+        try:
+            str(univ.OctetString())
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'empty OctetString() not reported'
+
+    def testTag(self):
+        assert univ.OctetString().tagSet == tag.TagSet(
+            (),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0x04)
+        )
+
+    def testStaticDef(self):
+
+        class OctetString(univ.OctetString):
+            pass
+
+        assert OctetString(hexValue="FA9823C43E43510DE3422") == ints2octs((250, 152, 35, 196, 62, 67, 81, 13, 227, 66, 32))
+
+
+class OctetStringPicklingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def testSchemaPickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.BitString()
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert type(new_asn1) == univ.BitString
+        assert old_asn1.isSameTypeWith(new_asn1)
+
+    def testValuePickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.BitString((1, 0, 1, 0))
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert new_asn1 == (1, 0, 1, 0)
+
+
+class Null(BaseTestCase):
+
+    def testInit(self):
+        assert not univ.Null().isValue
+        assert univ.Null(0) == str2octs('')
+        assert univ.Null(False) == str2octs('')
+        assert univ.Null('') == str2octs('')
+        assert univ.Null(None) == str2octs('')
+
+        try:
+            assert univ.Null(True)
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            assert univ.Null('xxx')
+
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+
+    def testStr(self):
+        assert str(univ.Null('')) == '', 'str() fails'
+
+    def testRepr(self):
+        assert 'Null' in repr(univ.Null(''))
+
+    def testTag(self):
+        assert univ.Null().tagSet == tag.TagSet(
+            (),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0x05)
+        )
+
+    def testConstraints(self):
+        try:
+            univ.Null(2)
+        except error.ValueConstraintError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint fail'
+
+    def testStaticDef(self):
+
+        class Null(univ.Null):
+            pass
+
+        assert not Null('')
+
+
+class NullPicklingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def testSchemaPickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.Null()
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert type(new_asn1) == univ.Null
+        assert old_asn1.isSameTypeWith(new_asn1)
+
+    def testValuePickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.Null('')
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert not new_asn1
+
+
+class RealTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    def testFloat4BinEnc(self):
+        assert univ.Real((0.25, 2, 3)) == 2.0, 'float initializer for binary encoding fails'
+
+    def testStr(self):
+        assert str(univ.Real(1.0)) == '1.0', 'str() fails'
+
+    def testRepr(self):
+        assert 'Real' in repr(univ.Real(-4.1))
+        assert 'Real' in repr(univ.Real(-4.1))
+        assert 'inf' in repr(univ.Real('inf'))
+        assert '-inf' in repr(univ.Real('-inf'))
+
+    def testAdd(self):
+        assert univ.Real(-4.1) + 1.4 == -2.7, '__add__() fails'
+
+    def testRadd(self):
+        assert 4 + univ.Real(0.5) == 4.5, '__radd__() fails'
+
+    def testSub(self):
+        assert univ.Real(3.9) - 1.7 == 2.2, '__sub__() fails'
+
+    def testRsub(self):
+        assert 6.1 - univ.Real(0.1) == 6, '__rsub__() fails'
+
+    def testMul(self):
+        assert univ.Real(3.0) * -3 == -9, '__mul__() fails'
+
+    def testRmul(self):
+        assert 2 * univ.Real(3.0) == 6, '__rmul__() fails'
+
+    def testDiv(self):
+        assert univ.Real(3.0) / 2 == 1.5, '__div__() fails'
+
+    def testRdiv(self):
+        assert 6 / univ.Real(3.0) == 2, '__rdiv__() fails'
+
+    def testMod(self):
+        assert univ.Real(3.0) % 2 == 1, '__mod__() fails'
+
+    def testRmod(self):
+        assert 4 % univ.Real(3.0) == 1, '__rmod__() fails'
+
+    def testPow(self):
+        assert univ.Real(3.0) ** 2 == 9, '__pow__() fails'
+
+    def testRpow(self):
+        assert 2 ** univ.Real(2.0) == 4, '__rpow__() fails'
+
+    def testInt(self):
+        assert int(univ.Real(3.0)) == 3, '__int__() fails'
+
+    def testLong(self):
+        assert int(univ.Real(8.0)) == 8, '__long__() fails'
+
+    def testFloat(self):
+        assert float(univ.Real(4.0)) == 4.0, '__float__() fails'
+
+    def testPrettyIn(self):
+        assert univ.Real((3, 10, 0)) == 3, 'prettyIn() fails'
+
+    # infinite float values
+    def testStrInf(self):
+        assert str(univ.Real('inf')) == 'inf', 'str() fails'
+
+    def testAddInf(self):
+        assert univ.Real('inf') + 1 == float('inf'), '__add__() fails'
+
+    def testRaddInf(self):
+        assert 1 + univ.Real('inf') == float('inf'), '__radd__() fails'
+
+    def testIntInf(self):
+        try:
+            assert int(univ.Real('inf'))
+        except OverflowError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, '__int__() fails'
+
+    def testLongInf(self):
+        try:
+            assert int(univ.Real('inf'))
+        except OverflowError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, '__long__() fails'
+        assert int(univ.Real(8.0)) == 8, '__long__() fails'
+
+    def testFloatInf(self):
+        assert float(univ.Real('-inf')) == float('-inf'), '__float__() fails'
+
+    def testPrettyInInf(self):
+        assert univ.Real(float('inf')) == float('inf'), 'prettyIn() fails'
+
+    def testPlusInf(self):
+        assert univ.Real('inf').isPlusInf, 'isPlusInfinity failed'
+
+    def testMinusInf(self):
+        assert univ.Real('-inf').isMinusInf, 'isMinusInfinity failed'
+
+    def testPos(self):
+        assert +univ.Real(1.0) == 1.0, '__pos__() fails'
+
+    def testNeg(self):
+        assert -univ.Real(1.0) == -1.0, '__neg__() fails'
+
+    def testRound(self):
+        assert round(univ.Real(1.123), 2) == 1.12, '__round__() fails'
+
+    def testFloor(self):
+        assert math.floor(univ.Real(1.6)) == 1.0, '__floor__() fails'
+
+    def testCeil(self):
+        assert math.ceil(univ.Real(1.2)) == 2.0, '__ceil__() fails'
+
+    def testTrunc(self):
+        assert math.trunc(univ.Real(1.1)) == 1.0, '__trunc__() fails'
+
+    def testTag(self):
+        assert univ.Real().tagSet == tag.TagSet(
+            (),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0x09)
+        )
+
+    def testStaticDef(self):
+
+        class Real(univ.Real):
+            pass
+
+        assert Real(1.0) == 1.0
+
+
+class RealPicklingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def testSchemaPickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.Real()
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert type(new_asn1) == univ.Real
+        assert old_asn1.isSameTypeWith(new_asn1)
+
+    def testValuePickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.Real((1, 10, 3))
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert new_asn1 == 1000
+
+
+class ObjectIdentifier(BaseTestCase):
+    def testStr(self):
+        assert str(univ.ObjectIdentifier((1, 3, 6))) == '1.3.6', 'str() fails'
+
+    def testRepr(self):
+        assert '1.3.6' in repr(univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6'))
+
+    def testEq(self):
+        assert univ.ObjectIdentifier((1, 3, 6)) == (1, 3, 6), '__cmp__() fails'
+
+    def testAdd(self):
+        assert univ.ObjectIdentifier((1, 3)) + (6,) == (1, 3, 6), '__add__() fails'
+
+    def testRadd(self):
+        assert (1,) + univ.ObjectIdentifier((3, 6)) == (1, 3, 6), '__radd__() fails'
+
+    def testLen(self):
+        assert len(univ.ObjectIdentifier((1, 3))) == 2, '__len__() fails'
+
+    def testPrefix(self):
+        o = univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6')
+        assert o.isPrefixOf((1, 3, 6)), 'isPrefixOf() fails'
+        assert o.isPrefixOf((1, 3, 6, 1)), 'isPrefixOf() fails'
+        assert not o.isPrefixOf((1, 3)), 'isPrefixOf() fails'
+
+    def testInput1(self):
+        assert univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6') == (1, 3, 6), 'prettyIn() fails'
+
+    def testInput2(self):
+        assert univ.ObjectIdentifier((1, 3, 6)) == (1, 3, 6), 'prettyIn() fails'
+
+    def testInput3(self):
+        assert univ.ObjectIdentifier(univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3') + (6,)) == (1, 3, 6), 'prettyIn() fails'
+
+    def testUnicode(self):
+        s = '1.3.6'
+        if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
+            s = s.decode()
+        assert univ.ObjectIdentifier(s) == (1, 3, 6), 'unicode init fails'
+
+    def testTag(self):
+        assert univ.ObjectIdentifier().tagSet == tag.TagSet(
+            (),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatSimple, 0x06)
+        )
+
+    def testContains(self):
+        s = univ.ObjectIdentifier('1.3.6.1234.99999')
+        assert 1234 in s
+        assert 4321 not in s
+
+    def testStaticDef(self):
+
+        class ObjectIdentifier(univ.ObjectIdentifier):
+            pass
+
+        assert str(ObjectIdentifier((1, 3, 6))) == '1.3.6'
+
+
+class ObjectIdentifierPicklingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def testSchemaPickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.ObjectIdentifier()
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert type(new_asn1) == univ.ObjectIdentifier
+        assert old_asn1.isSameTypeWith(new_asn1)
+
+    def testValuePickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.ObjectIdentifier('2.3.1.1.2')
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert new_asn1 == (2, 3, 1, 1, 2)
+
+
+class SequenceOf(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s1 = univ.SequenceOf(
+            componentType=univ.OctetString('')
+        )
+        self.s2 = self.s1.clone()
+
+    def testRepr(self):
+        assert 'a' in repr(self.s1.clone().setComponents('a', 'b'))
+
+    def testTag(self):
+        assert self.s1.tagSet == tag.TagSet(
+            (),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 0x10)
+        ), 'wrong tagSet'
+
+    def testSeq(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        assert self.s1[0] == str2octs('abc'), 'set by idx fails'
+        self.s1[0] = 'cba'
+        assert self.s1[0] == str2octs('cba'), 'set by idx fails'
+
+    def testCmp(self):
+        self.s1.clear()
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(0, 'abc')
+        self.s2.clear()
+        self.s2.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        assert self.s1 == self.s2, '__cmp__() fails'
+
+    def testSubtypeSpec(self):
+        s = self.s1.clone(
+            componentType=univ.OctetString().subtype(
+                subtypeSpec=constraint.SingleValueConstraint(str2octs('abc'))))
+        try:
+            s.setComponentByPosition(
+                0, univ.OctetString().subtype(
+                    'abc', subtypeSpec=constraint.SingleValueConstraint(str2octs('abc'))))
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert 0, 'constraint fails'
+        try:
+            s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('Abc'))
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            try:
+                s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('Abc'),
+                                         verifyConstraints=False)
+            except PyAsn1Error:
+                assert 0, 'constraint fails with verifyConstraints=False'
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'constraint fails'
+
+    def testComponentTagsMatching(self):
+        s = self.s1.clone()
+        s.strictConstraints = True  # This requires types equality
+        o = univ.OctetString('abc').subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassPrivate, tag.tagFormatSimple, 12))
+        try:
+            s.setComponentByPosition(0, o)
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'inner supertype tag allowed'
+
+    def testComponentConstraintsMatching(self):
+        s = self.s1.clone()
+        o = univ.OctetString().subtype(
+            subtypeSpec=constraint.ConstraintsUnion(constraint.SingleValueConstraint(str2octs('cba'))))
+        s.strictConstraints = True  # This requires types equality
+        try:
+            s.setComponentByPosition(0, o.clone('cba'))
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'inner supertype constraint allowed'
+        s.strictConstraints = False  # This requires subtype relationships
+        try:
+            s.setComponentByPosition(0, o.clone('cba'))
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert 0, 'inner supertype constraint disallowed'
+        else:
+            pass
+
+    def testConsistency(self):
+        s = self.s1.clone(subtypeSpec=constraint.ConstraintsUnion(
+            constraint.ValueSizeConstraint(1, 1)
+        ))
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        assert not s.isInconsistent, 'size spec fails'
+        s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        assert s.isInconsistent, 'size spec fails'
+
+    def testGetComponentTagMap(self):
+        assert self.s1.componentType.tagMap.presentTypes == {
+            univ.OctetString.tagSet: univ.OctetString('')
+        }
+
+    def testSubtype(self):
+        subtype = self.s1.subtype(
+            implicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassPrivate, tag.tagFormatSimple, 2),
+            subtypeSpec=constraint.ValueSizeConstraint(0, 1)
+        )
+        subtype.clear()
+        clone = self.s1.clone(
+            tagSet=tag.TagSet(tag.Tag(tag.tagClassPrivate,
+                                      tag.tagFormatSimple, 2)),
+            subtypeSpec=constraint.ValueSizeConstraint(0, 1)
+        )
+        clone.clear()
+        assert clone == subtype
+
+    def testClone(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        s = self.s1.clone()
+        s.clear()
+        assert len(s) == 0
+        s = self.s1.clone(cloneValueFlag=1)
+        assert len(s) == 1
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0) == self.s1.getComponentByPosition(0)
+
+    def testSetComponents(self):
+        assert self.s1.clone().setComponents('abc', 'def') == \
+               self.s1.setComponentByPosition(0, 'abc').setComponentByPosition(1, 'def')
+
+    def testGetItem(self):
+        s = self.s1.clone()
+        s.append('xxx')
+        assert s[0]
+
+        # this is a deviation from standard sequence protocol
+        assert not s[2]
+
+    def testGetItemSlice(self):
+        s = self.s1.clone()
+        s.extend(['xxx', 'yyy', 'zzz'])
+        assert s[:1] == [str2octs('xxx')]
+        assert s[-2:] == [str2octs('yyy'), str2octs('zzz')]
+        assert s[1:2] == [str2octs('yyy')]
+
+    def testSetItem(self):
+        s = self.s1.clone()
+        s.append('xxx')
+        s[2] = 'yyy'
+        assert len(s) == 3
+        assert s[1] == str2octs('')
+
+    def testSetItemSlice(self):
+        s = self.s1.clone()
+        s[:1] = ['xxx']
+        assert s == [str2octs('xxx')]
+        s[-2:] = ['yyy', 'zzz']
+        assert s == [str2octs('yyy'), str2octs('zzz')]
+        s[1:2] = ['yyy']
+        assert s == [str2octs('yyy'), str2octs('yyy')]
+        assert len(s) == 2
+
+    def testAppend(self):
+        self.s1.clear()
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        assert len(self.s1) == 1
+        self.s1.append('def')
+        assert len(self.s1) == 2
+        assert list(self.s1) == [str2octs(x) for x in ['abc', 'def']]
+
+    def testExtend(self):
+        self.s1.clear()
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        assert len(self.s1) == 1
+        self.s1.extend(['def', 'ghi'])
+        assert len(self.s1) == 3
+        assert list(self.s1) == [str2octs(x) for x in ['abc', 'def', 'ghi']]
+
+    def testCount(self):
+        self.s1.clear()
+        for x in ['abc', 'def', 'abc']:
+            self.s1.append(x)
+        assert self.s1.count(str2octs('abc')) == 2
+        assert self.s1.count(str2octs('def')) == 1
+        assert self.s1.count(str2octs('ghi')) == 0
+
+    def testIndex(self):
+        self.s1.clear()
+        for x in ['abc', 'def', 'abc']:
+            self.s1.append(x)
+        assert self.s1.index(str2octs('abc')) == 0
+        assert self.s1.index(str2octs('def')) == 1
+        assert self.s1.index(str2octs('abc'), 1) == 2
+
+    def testSort(self):
+        self.s1.clear()
+        self.s1[0] = 'b'
+        self.s1[1] = 'a'
+        assert list(self.s1) == [str2octs('b'), str2octs('a')]
+        self.s1.sort()
+        assert list(self.s1) == [str2octs('a'), str2octs('b')]
+
+    def testStaticDef(self):
+
+        class SequenceOf(univ.SequenceOf):
+            componentType = univ.OctetString('')
+
+        s = SequenceOf()
+        s[0] = 'abc'
+        assert len(s) == 1
+        assert s == [str2octs('abc')]
+
+    def testUntyped(self):
+        n = univ.SequenceOf()
+
+        assert not n.isValue
+
+        n[0] = univ.OctetString('fox')
+
+        assert n.isValue
+
+    def testLegacyInitializer(self):
+        n = univ.SequenceOf(
+            componentType=univ.OctetString()
+        )
+        o = univ.SequenceOf(
+            univ.OctetString()  # this is the old way
+        )
+
+        assert n.isSameTypeWith(o) and o.isSameTypeWith(n)
+
+        n[0] = 'fox'
+        o[0] = 'fox'
+
+        assert n == o
+
+    def testGetComponentWithDefault(self):
+
+        class SequenceOf(univ.SequenceOf):
+            componentType = univ.OctetString()
+
+        s = SequenceOf()
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0, default=None, instantiate=False) is None
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0, default=None) is None
+        s[0] = 'test'
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0, default=None) is not None
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0, default=None) == str2octs('test')
+        s.clear()
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0, default=None) is None
+
+    def testGetComponentNoInstantiation(self):
+
+        class SequenceOf(univ.SequenceOf):
+            componentType = univ.OctetString()
+
+        s = SequenceOf()
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0, instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+        s[0] = 'test'
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0, instantiate=False) is not univ.noValue
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0, instantiate=False) == str2octs('test')
+        s.clear()
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0, instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+
+    def testClear(self):
+
+        class SequenceOf(univ.SequenceOf):
+            componentType = univ.OctetString()
+
+        s = SequenceOf()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, 'test')
+
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0) == str2octs('test')
+        assert len(s) == 1
+        assert s.isValue
+
+        s.clear()
+
+        assert len(s) == 0
+        assert s == []
+        assert s.isValue
+
+    def testReset(self):
+
+        class SequenceOf(univ.SequenceOf):
+            componentType = univ.OctetString()
+
+        s = SequenceOf()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, 'test')
+
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0) == str2octs('test')
+        assert s.isValue
+
+        s.reset()
+
+        assert not s.isValue
+
+    def testIsInconsistentSizeConstraint(self):
+
+        class SequenceOf(univ.SequenceOf):
+            componentType = univ.OctetString()
+            subtypeSpec = constraint.ValueSizeConstraint(0, 1)
+
+        s = SequenceOf()
+
+        assert s.isInconsistent
+
+        s[0] = 'test'
+
+        assert not s.isInconsistent
+
+        s[0] = 'test'
+        s[1] = 'test'
+
+        assert s.isInconsistent
+
+        s.clear()
+
+        assert not s.isInconsistent
+
+        s.reset()
+
+        assert s.isInconsistent
+
+        s[1] = 'test'
+
+        assert not s.isInconsistent
+
+
+class SequenceOfPicklingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def testSchemaPickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.SequenceOf(componentType=univ.OctetString())
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert type(new_asn1) == univ.SequenceOf
+        assert old_asn1.isSameTypeWith(new_asn1)
+
+    def testValuePickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.SequenceOf(componentType=univ.OctetString())
+        old_asn1[0] = 'test'
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert new_asn1
+        assert new_asn1 == [str2octs('test')]
+
+
+class Sequence(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s1 = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString('')),
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('nick', univ.OctetString('')),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(34))
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testRepr(self):
+        assert 'name' in repr(self.s1.clone().setComponents('a', 'b'))
+
+    def testTag(self):
+        assert self.s1.tagSet == tag.TagSet(
+            (),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 0x10)
+        ), 'wrong tagSet'
+
+    def testById(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByName('name', univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        assert self.s1.getComponentByName('name') == str2octs('abc'), 'set by name fails'
+
+    def testByKey(self):
+        self.s1['name'] = 'abc'
+        assert self.s1['name'] == str2octs('abc'), 'set by key fails'
+
+    def testContains(self):
+        assert 'name' in self.s1
+        assert '<missing>' not in self.s1
+
+    def testGetNearPosition(self):
+        assert self.s1.componentType.getTagMapNearPosition(1).presentTypes == {
+            univ.OctetString.tagSet: univ.OctetString(''),
+            univ.Integer.tagSet: univ.Integer(34)
+        }
+        assert self.s1.componentType.getPositionNearType(
+            univ.OctetString.tagSet, 1
+        ) == 1
+
+    def testSetDefaultComponents(self):
+        self.s1.clear()
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('Ping'))
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('Pong'))
+        assert self.s1.getComponentByPosition(2) == 34
+
+    def testClone(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('def'))
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(123))
+        s = self.s1.clone()
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0) != self.s1.getComponentByPosition(0)
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1) != self.s1.getComponentByPosition(1)
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(2) != self.s1.getComponentByPosition(2)
+        s = self.s1.clone(cloneValueFlag=1)
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0) == self.s1.getComponentByPosition(0)
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1) == self.s1.getComponentByPosition(1)
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(2) == self.s1.getComponentByPosition(2)
+
+    def testComponentTagsMatching(self):
+        s = self.s1.clone()
+        s.strictConstraints = True  # This requires types equality
+        o = univ.OctetString('abc').subtype(explicitTag=tag.Tag(tag.tagClassPrivate, tag.tagFormatSimple, 12))
+        try:
+            s.setComponentByName('name', o)
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'inner supertype tag allowed'
+
+    def testComponentConstraintsMatching(self):
+        s = self.s1.clone()
+        o = univ.OctetString().subtype(
+            subtypeSpec=constraint.ConstraintsUnion(constraint.SingleValueConstraint(str2octs('cba'))))
+        s.strictConstraints = True  # This requires types equality
+        try:
+            s.setComponentByName('name', o.clone('cba'))
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert 0, 'inner supertype constraint allowed'
+        s.strictConstraints = False  # This requires subtype relationships
+        try:
+            s.setComponentByName('name', o.clone('cba'))
+        except PyAsn1Error:
+            assert 0, 'inner supertype constraint disallowed'
+        else:
+            pass
+
+    def testSetComponents(self):
+        assert self.s1.clone().setComponents(name='a', nick='b', age=1) == \
+               self.s1.setComponentByPosition(0, 'a').setComponentByPosition(1, 'b').setComponentByPosition(2, 1)
+
+    def testSetToDefault(self):
+        s = self.s1.clone()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.noValue)
+        s[2] = univ.noValue
+        assert s[0] == univ.OctetString('')
+        assert s[2] == univ.Integer(34)
+
+    def testGetItem(self):
+        s = self.s1.clone()
+        s['name'] = 'xxx'
+        assert s['name']
+        assert s[0]
+
+        try:
+            s['xxx']
+
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'KeyError not raised'
+
+        try:
+            s[100]
+
+        except IndexError:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'IndexError not raised'
+
+    def testSetItem(self):
+        s = self.s1.clone()
+        s['name'] = 'xxx'
+
+        try:
+
+            s['xxx'] = 'xxx'
+
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'KeyError not raised'
+
+        try:
+
+            s[100] = 'xxx'
+
+        except IndexError:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'IndexError not raised'
+
+    def testIter(self):
+        assert list(self.s1) == ['name', 'nick', 'age']
+
+    def testKeys(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('def'))
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(123))
+        assert list(self.s1.keys()) == ['name', 'nick', 'age']
+
+    def testValues(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('def'))
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(123))
+        assert list(self.s1.values()) == [str2octs('abc'), str2octs('def'), 123]
+
+    def testItems(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.OctetString('def'))
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(2, univ.Integer(123))
+        assert list(self.s1.items()) == [(x[0], str2octs(x[1])) for x in [('name', 'abc'), ('nick', 'def')]] + [('age', 123)]
+
+    def testUpdate(self):
+        self.s1.clear()
+        assert list(self.s1.values()) == [str2octs(''), str2octs(''), 34]
+        self.s1.update(**{'name': 'abc', 'nick': 'def', 'age': 123})
+        assert list(self.s1.items()) == [(x[0], str2octs(x[1])) for x in [('name', 'abc'), ('nick', 'def')]] + [('age', 123)]
+        self.s1.update(('name', 'ABC'))
+        assert list(self.s1.items()) == [(x[0], str2octs(x[1])) for x in [('name', 'ABC'), ('nick', 'def')]] + [('age', 123)]
+        self.s1.update(name='CBA')
+        assert list(self.s1.items()) == [(x[0], str2octs(x[1])) for x in [('name', 'CBA'), ('nick', 'def')]] + [('age', 123)]
+
+    def testStaticDef(self):
+
+        class Sequence(univ.Sequence):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString('')),
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('nick', univ.OctetString('')),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(34))
+            )
+
+        s = Sequence()
+        s['name'] = 'abc'
+        assert s['name'] == str2octs('abc')
+
+    def testGetComponentWithDefault(self):
+
+        class Sequence(univ.Sequence):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString('')),
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('nick', univ.OctetString()),
+            )
+
+        s = Sequence()
+
+        assert s[0] == str2octs('')
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, default=None, instantiate=False) is None
+        assert s.getComponentByName('nick', default=None) is None
+        s[1] = 'test'
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, default=None) is not None
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, default=None) == str2octs('test')
+        s.clear()
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, default=None) is None
+
+    def testGetComponentWithConstructedDefault(self):
+
+        class Sequence(univ.Sequence):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('nick', univ.SequenceOf(
+                    componentType=univ.Integer()
+                ).setComponentByPosition(0, 1)),
+            )
+
+        s = Sequence()
+
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, default=None, instantiate=False) is None
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1) == [1]
+
+    def testGetComponentNoInstantiation(self):
+
+        class Sequence(univ.Sequence):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString('')),
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('nick', univ.OctetString()),
+            )
+
+        s = Sequence()
+        assert s[0] == str2octs('')
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+        assert s.getComponentByName('nick', instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+        s[1] = 'test'
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, instantiate=False) is not univ.noValue
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, instantiate=False) == str2octs('test')
+        s.clear()
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+
+    def testSchemaWithComponents(self):
+
+        class Sequence(univ.Sequence):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString())
+            )
+
+        s = Sequence()
+
+        assert not s.isValue
+
+        s[0] = 'test'
+
+        assert s.isValue
+
+        s.clear()
+
+        assert not s.isValue
+
+        s.reset()
+
+        assert not s.isValue
+
+    def testSchemaWithOptionalComponents(self):
+
+        class Sequence(univ.Sequence):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('name', univ.OctetString())
+            )
+
+        s = Sequence()
+
+        assert s.isValue
+
+        s[0] = 'test'
+
+        assert s.isValue
+
+        s.clear()
+
+        assert s.isValue
+
+        s.reset()
+
+        assert not s.isValue
+
+    def testSchemaWithOptionalComponents(self):
+
+        class Sequence(univ.Sequence):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('name', univ.OctetString(''))
+            )
+
+        s = Sequence()
+
+        assert s.isValue
+
+        s[0] = 'test'
+
+        assert s.isValue
+
+        s.clear()
+
+        assert s.isValue
+
+        s.reset()
+
+        assert not s.isValue
+
+    def testIsInconsistentWithComponentsConstraint(self):
+
+        class Sequence(univ.Sequence):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(65))
+            )
+            subtypeSpec = constraint.WithComponentsConstraint(
+                ('name', constraint.ComponentPresentConstraint()),
+                ('age', constraint.ComponentAbsentConstraint())
+            )
+
+        s = Sequence()
+
+        assert s.isInconsistent
+
+        s[0] = 'test'
+
+        assert not s.isInconsistent
+
+        s[0] = 'test'
+        s[1] = 23
+
+        assert s.isInconsistent
+
+        s.clear()
+
+        assert s.isInconsistent
+
+        s.reset()
+
+        assert s.isInconsistent
+
+        s[1] = 23
+
+        assert s.isInconsistent
+
+    def testIsInconsistentSizeConstraint(self):
+
+        class Sequence(univ.Sequence):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(65))
+            )
+            subtypeSpec = constraint.ValueSizeConstraint(0, 1)
+
+        s = Sequence()
+
+        assert not s.isInconsistent
+
+        s[0] = 'test'
+
+        assert not s.isInconsistent
+
+        s[0] = 'test'
+        s[1] = 23
+
+        assert s.isInconsistent
+
+        s.clear()
+
+        assert not s.isInconsistent
+
+        s.reset()
+
+        assert s.isInconsistent
+
+        s[1] = 23
+
+        assert not s.isInconsistent
+
+
+class SequenceWithoutSchema(BaseTestCase):
+
+    def testGetItem(self):
+        s = univ.Sequence()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        s[0] = 'abc'
+        assert s['field-0']
+        assert s[0]
+
+        try:
+            s['field-1']
+
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'KeyError not raised'
+
+    def testSetItem(self):
+        s = univ.Sequence()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        s['field-0'] = 'xxx'
+
+        try:
+
+            s['field-1'] = 'xxx'
+
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+        else:
+            assert False, 'KeyError not raised'
+
+    def testIter(self):
+        s = univ.Sequence()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.Integer(123))
+        assert list(s) == ['field-0', 'field-1']
+
+    def testKeys(self):
+        s = univ.Sequence()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.Integer(123))
+        assert list(s.keys()) == ['field-0', 'field-1']
+
+    def testValues(self):
+        s = univ.Sequence()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.Integer(123))
+        assert list(s.values()) == [str2octs('abc'), 123]
+
+    def testItems(self):
+        s = univ.Sequence()
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.Integer(123))
+        assert list(s.items()) == [('field-0', str2octs('abc')), ('field-1', 123)]
+
+    def testUpdate(self):
+        s = univ.Sequence().clear()
+        assert not s
+        s.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        s.setComponentByPosition(1, univ.Integer(123))
+        assert s
+        assert list(s.keys()) == ['field-0', 'field-1']
+        assert list(s.values()) == [str2octs('abc'), 123]
+        assert list(s.items()) == [('field-0', str2octs('abc')), ('field-1', 123)]
+        s['field-0'] = univ.OctetString('def')
+        assert list(s.values()) == [str2octs('def'), 123]
+        s['field-1'] = univ.OctetString('ghi')
+        assert list(s.values()) == [str2octs('def'), str2octs('ghi')]
+        try:
+            s['field-2'] = univ.OctetString('xxx')
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        else:
+            assert False, 'unknown field at schema-less object tolerated'
+        assert 'field-0' in s
+        s.clear()
+        assert 'field-0' not in s
+
+    def testSchema(self):
+
+        class Sequence(univ.Sequence):
+            pass
+
+        s = Sequence()
+
+        assert not s.isValue
+
+        s[0] = univ.OctetString('test')
+
+        assert s.isValue
+
+        s.clear()
+
+        assert s.isValue
+
+        s.reset()
+
+        assert not s.isValue
+
+
+class SequencePicklingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def testSchemaPickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString())
+            )
+        )
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert type(new_asn1) == univ.Sequence
+        assert old_asn1.isSameTypeWith(new_asn1)
+
+    def testValuePickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.Sequence(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString())
+            )
+        )
+        old_asn1['name'] = 'test'
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert new_asn1
+        assert new_asn1['name'] == str2octs('test')
+
+
+class SetOf(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+        self.s1 = univ.SetOf(componentType=univ.OctetString(''))
+
+    def testTag(self):
+        assert self.s1.tagSet == tag.TagSet(
+            (),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 0x11)
+        ), 'wrong tagSet'
+
+    def testSeq(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        assert self.s1[0] == str2octs('abc'), 'set by idx fails'
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(0, self.s1[0].clone('cba'))
+        assert self.s1[0] == str2octs('cba'), 'set by idx fails'
+
+    def testStaticDef(self):
+
+        class SetOf(univ.SequenceOf):
+            componentType = univ.OctetString('')
+
+        s = SetOf()
+        s[0] = 'abc'
+        assert len(s) == 1
+        assert s == [str2octs('abc')]
+
+
+
+class SetOfPicklingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def testSchemaPickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.SetOf(componentType=univ.OctetString())
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert type(new_asn1) == univ.SetOf
+        assert old_asn1.isSameTypeWith(new_asn1)
+
+    def testValuePickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.SetOf(componentType=univ.OctetString())
+        old_asn1[0] = 'test'
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert new_asn1
+        assert new_asn1 == [str2octs('test')]
+
+
+class Set(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        self.s1 = univ.Set(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString('')),
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('null', univ.Null('')),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(34))
+            )
+        )
+        self.s2 = self.s1.clone()
+
+    def testTag(self):
+        assert self.s1.tagSet == tag.TagSet(
+            (),
+            tag.Tag(tag.tagClassUniversal, tag.tagFormatConstructed, 0x11)
+        ), 'wrong tagSet'
+
+    def testByTypeWithPythonValue(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByType(univ.OctetString.tagSet, 'abc')
+        assert self.s1.getComponentByType(
+            univ.OctetString.tagSet
+        ) == str2octs('abc'), 'set by name fails'
+
+    def testByTypeWithInstance(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByType(univ.OctetString.tagSet, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        assert self.s1.getComponentByType(
+            univ.OctetString.tagSet
+        ) == str2octs('abc'), 'set by name fails'
+
+    def testGetTagMap(self):
+        assert self.s1.tagMap.presentTypes == {
+            univ.Set.tagSet: univ.Set().clear()
+        }
+
+    def testGetComponentTagMap(self):
+        assert self.s1.componentType.tagMapUnique.presentTypes == {
+            univ.OctetString.tagSet: univ.OctetString(''),
+            univ.Null.tagSet: univ.Null(''),
+            univ.Integer.tagSet: univ.Integer(34)
+        }
+
+    def testGetPositionByType(self):
+        assert self.s1.componentType.getPositionByType(univ.Null().tagSet) == 1
+
+    def testSetToDefault(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByName('name', univ.noValue)
+        assert self.s1['name'] == univ.OctetString('')
+
+    def testIter(self):
+        assert list(self.s1) == ['name', 'null', 'age']
+
+    def testStaticDef(self):
+
+        class Set(univ.Set):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString('')),
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('nick', univ.OctetString('')),
+                namedtype.DefaultedNamedType('age', univ.Integer(34))
+            )
+
+        s = Set()
+        s['name'] = 'abc'
+        assert s['name'] == str2octs('abc')
+
+    def testGetComponentWithDefault(self):
+
+        class Set(univ.Set):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer(123)),
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('nick', univ.OctetString()),
+            )
+
+        s = Set()
+        assert s[0] == 123
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, default=None, instantiate=False) is None
+        assert s.getComponentByName('nick', default=None) is None
+        s[1] = 'test'
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, default=None) is not None
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, default=None) == str2octs('test')
+        s.clear()
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, default=None) is None
+
+    def testGetComponentNoInstantiation(self):
+
+        class Set(univ.Set):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer(123)),
+                namedtype.OptionalNamedType('nick', univ.OctetString()),
+            )
+
+        s = Set()
+        assert s[0] == 123
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+        assert s.getComponentByName('nick', instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+        assert s.getComponentByType(univ.OctetString.tagSet, instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+        s[1] = 'test'
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, instantiate=False) is not univ.noValue
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, instantiate=False) == str2octs('test')
+        s.clear()
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+
+
+class SetPicklingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def testSchemaPickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.Set(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString())
+            )
+        )
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert type(new_asn1) == univ.Set
+        assert old_asn1.isSameTypeWith(new_asn1)
+
+    def testValuePickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.Set(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString())
+            )
+        )
+        old_asn1['name'] = 'test'
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert new_asn1
+        assert new_asn1['name'] == str2octs('test')
+
+
+class Choice(BaseTestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        BaseTestCase.setUp(self)
+
+        innerComp = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('count', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('flag', univ.Boolean())
+            )
+        )
+        self.s1 = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('sex', innerComp)
+            )
+        )
+
+    def testTag(self):
+        assert self.s1.tagSet == tag.TagSet(), 'wrong tagSet'
+
+    def testRepr(self):
+        assert 'Choice' in repr(self.s1.clone().setComponents('a'))
+        s = self.s1.clone().setComponents(
+                sex=self.s1.setComponentByPosition(1).getComponentByPosition(1).clone().setComponents(count=univ.Integer(123))
+        )
+        assert 'Choice' in repr(s)
+
+    def testContains(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByType(univ.OctetString.tagSet, 'abc')
+        assert 'name' in self.s1
+        assert 'sex' not in self.s1
+
+        self.s1.setComponentByType(univ.Integer.tagSet, 123, innerFlag=True)
+        assert 'name' not in self.s1
+        assert 'sex' in self.s1
+
+    def testIter(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByType(univ.OctetString.tagSet, 'abc')
+        assert list(self.s1) == ['name']
+        self.s1.setComponentByType(univ.Integer.tagSet, 123, innerFlag=True)
+        assert list(self.s1) == ['sex']
+
+    def testOuterByTypeWithPythonValue(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByType(univ.OctetString.tagSet, 'abc')
+        assert self.s1.getComponentByType(
+            univ.OctetString.tagSet
+        ) == str2octs('abc')
+
+    def testOuterByTypeWithInstanceValue(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByType(
+            univ.OctetString.tagSet, univ.OctetString('abc')
+        )
+        assert self.s1.getComponentByType(
+            univ.OctetString.tagSet
+        ) == str2octs('abc')
+
+    def testInnerByTypeWithPythonValue(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByType(univ.Integer.tagSet, 123, innerFlag=True)
+        assert self.s1.getComponentByType(
+            univ.Integer.tagSet, 1
+        ) == 123
+
+    def testInnerByTypeWithInstanceValue(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByType(
+            univ.Integer.tagSet, univ.Integer(123), innerFlag=True
+        )
+        assert self.s1.getComponentByType(
+            univ.Integer.tagSet, 1
+        ) == 123
+
+    def testCmp(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByName('name', univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        assert self.s1 == str2octs('abc'), '__cmp__() fails'
+
+    def testGetComponent(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByType(univ.OctetString.tagSet, 'abc')
+        assert self.s1.getComponent() == str2octs('abc'), 'getComponent() fails'
+
+    def testGetName(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByType(univ.OctetString.tagSet, 'abc')
+        assert self.s1.getName() == 'name', 'getName() fails'
+
+    def testSetComponentByPosition(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('Jim'))
+        assert self.s1 == str2octs('Jim')
+
+    def testClone(self):
+        self.s1.setComponentByPosition(0, univ.OctetString('abc'))
+        s = self.s1.clone()
+        assert len(s) == 0
+        s = self.s1.clone(cloneValueFlag=1)
+        assert len(s) == 1
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0) == self.s1.getComponentByPosition(0)
+
+    def testSetToDefault(self):
+        s = self.s1.clone()
+        s.setComponentByName('sex', univ.noValue)
+        assert s['sex'] is not univ.noValue
+
+    def testStaticDef(self):
+
+        class InnerChoice(univ.Choice):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('count', univ.Integer()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('flag', univ.Boolean())
+            )
+
+        class OuterChoice(univ.Choice):
+            componentType = namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('sex', InnerChoice())
+            )
+
+        c = OuterChoice()
+
+        c.setComponentByType(univ.OctetString.tagSet, 'abc')
+        assert c.getName() == 'name'
+
+    def testGetComponentWithDefault(self):
+
+        s = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer())
+            )
+        )
+
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0, default=None, instantiate=False) is None
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, default=None, instantiate=False) is None
+        assert s.getComponentByName('name', default=None, instantiate=False) is None
+        assert s.getComponentByName('id', default=None, instantiate=False) is None
+        assert s.getComponentByType(univ.OctetString.tagSet, default=None) is None
+        assert s.getComponentByType(univ.Integer.tagSet, default=None) is None
+        s[1] = 123
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, default=None) is not None
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, univ.noValue) == 123
+        s.clear()
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, default=None, instantiate=False) is None
+
+    def testGetComponentNoInstantiation(self):
+
+        s = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer())
+            )
+        )
+
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(0, instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+        assert s.getComponentByName('name', instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+        assert s.getComponentByName('id', instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+        assert s.getComponentByType(univ.OctetString.tagSet, instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+        assert s.getComponentByType(univ.Integer.tagSet, instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+        s[1] = 123
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, instantiate=False) is not univ.noValue
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, instantiate=False) == 123
+        s.clear()
+        assert s.getComponentByPosition(1, instantiate=False) is univ.noValue
+
+
+class ChoicePicklingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def testSchemaPickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer())
+            )
+        )
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert type(new_asn1) == univ.Choice
+        assert old_asn1.isSameTypeWith(new_asn1)
+
+    def testValuePickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = univ.Choice(
+            componentType=namedtype.NamedTypes(
+                namedtype.NamedType('name', univ.OctetString()),
+                namedtype.NamedType('id', univ.Integer())
+            )
+        )
+        old_asn1['name'] = 'test'
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert new_asn1
+        assert new_asn1['name'] == str2octs('test')
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_useful.py b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_useful.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd5ba566f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/type/test_useful.py
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+#
+# This file is part of pyasn1 software.
+#
+# Copyright (c) 2005-2020, Ilya Etingof <etingof@gmail.com>
+# License: https://pyasn1.readthedocs.io/en/latest/license.html
+#
+import datetime
+import pickle
+import sys
+from copy import deepcopy
+import unittest
+
+from __tests__.base import BaseTestCase
+
+from pyasn1.type import useful
+
+
+class FixedOffset(datetime.tzinfo):
+    def __init__(self, offset, name):
+        self.__offset = datetime.timedelta(minutes=offset)
+        self.__name = name
+
+    def utcoffset(self, dt):
+        return self.__offset
+
+    def tzname(self, dt):
+        return self.__name
+
+    def dst(self, dt):
+        return datetime.timedelta(0)
+
+
+UTC = FixedOffset(0, 'UTC')
+UTC2 = FixedOffset(120, 'UTC')
+
+
+class ObjectDescriptorTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+    pass
+
+
+class GeneralizedTimeTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    def testFromDateTime(self):
+        assert useful.GeneralizedTime.fromDateTime(datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 0, 1, 2, 3000, tzinfo=UTC)) == '20170711000102.3Z'
+
+    def testToDateTime0(self):
+        assert datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 0, 1, 2) == useful.GeneralizedTime('20170711000102').asDateTime
+
+    def testToDateTime1(self):
+        assert datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 0, 1, 2, tzinfo=UTC) == useful.GeneralizedTime('20170711000102Z').asDateTime
+
+    def testToDateTime2(self):
+        assert datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 0, 1, 2, 3000, tzinfo=UTC) == useful.GeneralizedTime('20170711000102.3Z').asDateTime
+
+    def testToDateTime3(self):
+        assert datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 0, 1, 2, 3000, tzinfo=UTC) == useful.GeneralizedTime('20170711000102,3Z').asDateTime
+
+    def testToDateTime4(self):
+        assert datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 0, 1, 2, 3000, tzinfo=UTC) == useful.GeneralizedTime('20170711000102.3+0000').asDateTime
+
+    def testToDateTime5(self):
+        assert datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 0, 1, 2, 3000, tzinfo=UTC2) == useful.GeneralizedTime('20170711000102.3+0200').asDateTime
+
+    def testToDateTime6(self):
+        assert datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 0, 1, 2, 3000, tzinfo=UTC2) == useful.GeneralizedTime('20170711000102.3+02').asDateTime
+
+    def testToDateTime7(self):
+        assert datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 0, 1) == useful.GeneralizedTime('201707110001').asDateTime
+
+    def testToDateTime8(self):
+        assert datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 0) == useful.GeneralizedTime('2017071100').asDateTime
+
+    def testCopy(self):
+        dt = useful.GeneralizedTime("20170916234254+0130").asDateTime
+        assert dt == deepcopy(dt)
+
+
+class GeneralizedTimePicklingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def testSchemaPickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = useful.GeneralizedTime()
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert type(new_asn1) == useful.GeneralizedTime
+        assert old_asn1.isSameTypeWith(new_asn1)
+
+    def testValuePickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = useful.GeneralizedTime("20170916234254+0130")
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert new_asn1 == old_asn1
+
+
+class UTCTimeTestCase(BaseTestCase):
+
+    def testFromDateTime(self):
+        assert useful.UTCTime.fromDateTime(datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 0, 1, 2, tzinfo=UTC)) == '170711000102Z'
+
+    def testToDateTime0(self):
+        assert datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 0, 1, 2) == useful.UTCTime('170711000102').asDateTime
+
+    def testToDateTime1(self):
+        assert datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 0, 1, 2, tzinfo=UTC) == useful.UTCTime('170711000102Z').asDateTime
+
+    def testToDateTime2(self):
+        assert datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 0, 1, 2, tzinfo=UTC) == useful.UTCTime('170711000102+0000').asDateTime
+
+    def testToDateTime3(self):
+        assert datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 0, 1, 2, tzinfo=UTC2) == useful.UTCTime('170711000102+0200').asDateTime
+
+    def testToDateTime4(self):
+        assert datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 0, 1) == useful.UTCTime('1707110001').asDateTime
+
+
+class UTCTimePicklingTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def testSchemaPickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = useful.UTCTime()
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert type(new_asn1) == useful.UTCTime
+        assert old_asn1.isSameTypeWith(new_asn1)
+
+    def testValuePickling(self):
+        old_asn1 = useful.UTCTime("170711000102")
+        serialised = pickle.dumps(old_asn1)
+        assert serialised
+        new_asn1 = pickle.loads(serialised)
+        assert new_asn1 == old_asn1
+
+
+suite = unittest.TestLoader().loadTestsFromModule(sys.modules[__name__])
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.TextTestRunner(verbosity=2).run(suite)
diff --git a/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/ya.make b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/ya.make
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..95837ba4a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/pyasn1/py3/tests/ya.make
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+PY3TEST()
+
+PEERDIR(
+    contrib/python/pyasn1
+)
+
+TEST_SRCS(
+    __init__.py
+    base.py
+    codec/__init__.py
+    codec/ber/__init__.py
+    codec/ber/test_decoder.py
+    codec/ber/test_encoder.py
+    codec/cer/__init__.py
+    codec/cer/test_decoder.py
+    codec/cer/test_encoder.py
+    codec/der/__init__.py
+    codec/der/test_decoder.py
+    codec/der/test_encoder.py
+    codec/native/__init__.py
+    codec/native/test_decoder.py
+    codec/native/test_encoder.py
+    codec/test_streaming.py
+    compat/__init__.py
+    compat/test_integer.py
+    compat/test_octets.py
+    test_debug.py
+    type/__init__.py
+    type/test_char.py
+    type/test_constraint.py
+    type/test_namedtype.py
+    type/test_namedval.py
+    type/test_opentype.py
+    type/test_tag.py
+    type/test_univ.py
+    type/test_useful.py
+)
+
+NO_LINT()
+
+END()