Restoring authorship annotation for <shadchin@yandex-team.ru>. Commit 1 of 2.

1 files changed, 2013 insertions, 2013 deletions

diff --git a/contrib/python/prompt-toolkit/py3/prompt_toolkit/buffer.py b/contrib/python/prompt-toolkit/py3/prompt_toolkit/buffer.py
index 105d3cc07d..67956d8f54 100644
--- a/contrib/python/prompt-toolkit/py3/prompt_toolkit/buffer.py
+++ b/contrib/python/prompt-toolkit/py3/prompt_toolkit/buffer.py
@@ -1,2014 +1,2014 @@
-"""
-Data structures for the Buffer.
-It holds the text, cursor position, history, etc...
-"""
-import asyncio
-import logging
-import os
-import re
-import shlex
-import shutil
-import subprocess
-import tempfile
-from collections import deque
-from enum import Enum
-from functools import wraps
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Awaitable,
-    Callable,
-    Deque,
-    Iterable,
-    List,
-    Optional,
-    Set,
-    Tuple,
-    TypeVar,
-    Union,
-    cast,
-)
-
-from .application.current import get_app
-from .application.run_in_terminal import run_in_terminal
-from .auto_suggest import AutoSuggest, Suggestion
-from .cache import FastDictCache
-from .clipboard import ClipboardData
-from .completion import (
-    CompleteEvent,
-    Completer,
-    Completion,
-    DummyCompleter,
-    get_common_complete_suffix,
-)
-from .document import Document
-from .filters import FilterOrBool, to_filter
-from .history import History, InMemoryHistory
-from .search import SearchDirection, SearchState
-from .selection import PasteMode, SelectionState, SelectionType
-from .utils import Event, to_str
-from .validation import ValidationError, Validator
-
-__all__ = [
-    "EditReadOnlyBuffer",
-    "Buffer",
-    "CompletionState",
-    "indent",
-    "unindent",
-    "reshape_text",
-]
-
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-class EditReadOnlyBuffer(Exception):
-    "Attempt editing of read-only :class:`.Buffer`."
-
-
-class ValidationState(Enum):
-    "The validation state of a buffer. This is set after the validation."
-    VALID = "VALID"
-    INVALID = "INVALID"
-    UNKNOWN = "UNKNOWN"
-
-
-class CompletionState:
-    """
-    Immutable class that contains a completion state.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        original_document: "Document",
-        completions: Optional[List["Completion"]] = None,
-        complete_index: Optional[int] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-
-        #: Document as it was when the completion started.
-        self.original_document = original_document
-
-        #: List of all the current Completion instances which are possible at
-        #: this point.
-        self.completions = completions or []
-
-        #: Position in the `completions` array.
-        #: This can be `None` to indicate "no completion", the original text.
-        self.complete_index = complete_index  # Position in the `_completions` array.
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "%s(%r, <%r> completions, index=%r)" % (
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.original_document,
-            len(self.completions),
-            self.complete_index,
-        )
-
-    def go_to_index(self, index: Optional[int]) -> None:
-        """
-        Create a new :class:`.CompletionState` object with the new index.
-
-        When `index` is `None` deselect the completion.
-        """
-        if self.completions:
-            assert index is None or 0 <= index < len(self.completions)
-            self.complete_index = index
-
-    def new_text_and_position(self) -> Tuple[str, int]:
-        """
-        Return (new_text, new_cursor_position) for this completion.
-        """
-        if self.complete_index is None:
-            return self.original_document.text, self.original_document.cursor_position
-        else:
-            original_text_before_cursor = self.original_document.text_before_cursor
-            original_text_after_cursor = self.original_document.text_after_cursor
-
-            c = self.completions[self.complete_index]
-            if c.start_position == 0:
-                before = original_text_before_cursor
-            else:
-                before = original_text_before_cursor[: c.start_position]
-
-            new_text = before + c.text + original_text_after_cursor
-            new_cursor_position = len(before) + len(c.text)
-            return new_text, new_cursor_position
-
-    @property
-    def current_completion(self) -> Optional["Completion"]:
-        """
-        Return the current completion, or return `None` when no completion is
-        selected.
-        """
-        if self.complete_index is not None:
-            return self.completions[self.complete_index]
-        return None
-
-
-_QUOTED_WORDS_RE = re.compile(r"""(\s+|".*?"|'.*?')""")
-
-
-class YankNthArgState:
-    """
-    For yank-last-arg/yank-nth-arg: Keep track of where we are in the history.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-        self, history_position: int = 0, n: int = -1, previous_inserted_word: str = ""
-    ) -> None:
-
-        self.history_position = history_position
-        self.previous_inserted_word = previous_inserted_word
-        self.n = n
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "%s(history_position=%r, n=%r, previous_inserted_word=%r)" % (
-            self.__class__.__name__,
-            self.history_position,
-            self.n,
-            self.previous_inserted_word,
-        )
-
-
-BufferEventHandler = Callable[["Buffer"], None]
-BufferAcceptHandler = Callable[["Buffer"], bool]
-
-
-class Buffer:
-    """
-    The core data structure that holds the text and cursor position of the
-    current input line and implements all text manipulations on top of it. It
-    also implements the history, undo stack and the completion state.
-
-    :param completer: :class:`~prompt_toolkit.completion.Completer` instance.
-    :param history: :class:`~prompt_toolkit.history.History` instance.
-    :param tempfile_suffix: The tempfile suffix (extension) to be used for the
-        "open in editor" function. For a Python REPL, this would be ".py", so
-        that the editor knows the syntax highlighting to use. This can also be
-        a callable that returns a string.
-    :param tempfile: For more advanced tempfile situations where you need
-        control over the subdirectories and filename. For a Git Commit Message,
-        this would be ".git/COMMIT_EDITMSG", so that the editor knows the syntax
-        highlighting to use. This can also be a callable that returns a string.
-    :param name: Name for this buffer. E.g. DEFAULT_BUFFER. This is mostly
-        useful for key bindings where we sometimes prefer to refer to a buffer
-        by their name instead of by reference.
-    :param accept_handler: Called when the buffer input is accepted. (Usually
-        when the user presses `enter`.) The accept handler receives this
-        `Buffer` as input and should return True when the buffer text should be
-        kept instead of calling reset.
-
-        In case of a `PromptSession` for instance, we want to keep the text,
-        because we will exit the application, and only reset it during the next
-        run.
-
-    Events:
-
-    :param on_text_changed: When the buffer text changes. (Callable or None.)
-    :param on_text_insert: When new text is inserted. (Callable or None.)
-    :param on_cursor_position_changed: When the cursor moves. (Callable or None.)
-    :param on_completions_changed: When the completions were changed. (Callable or None.)
-    :param on_suggestion_set: When an auto-suggestion text has been set. (Callable or None.)
-
-    Filters:
-
-    :param complete_while_typing: :class:`~prompt_toolkit.filters.Filter`
-        or `bool`. Decide whether or not to do asynchronous autocompleting while
-        typing.
-    :param validate_while_typing: :class:`~prompt_toolkit.filters.Filter`
-        or `bool`. Decide whether or not to do asynchronous validation while
-        typing.
-    :param enable_history_search: :class:`~prompt_toolkit.filters.Filter` or
-        `bool` to indicate when up-arrow partial string matching is enabled. It
-        is advised to not enable this at the same time as
-        `complete_while_typing`, because when there is an autocompletion found,
-        the up arrows usually browse through the completions, rather than
-        through the history.
-    :param read_only: :class:`~prompt_toolkit.filters.Filter`. When True,
-        changes will not be allowed.
-    :param multiline: :class:`~prompt_toolkit.filters.Filter` or `bool`. When
-        not set, pressing `Enter` will call the `accept_handler`.  Otherwise,
-        pressing `Esc-Enter` is required.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        completer: Optional[Completer] = None,
-        auto_suggest: Optional[AutoSuggest] = None,
-        history: Optional[History] = None,
-        validator: Optional[Validator] = None,
-        tempfile_suffix: Union[str, Callable[[], str]] = "",
-        tempfile: Union[str, Callable[[], str]] = "",
-        name: str = "",
-        complete_while_typing: FilterOrBool = False,
-        validate_while_typing: FilterOrBool = False,
-        enable_history_search: FilterOrBool = False,
-        document: Optional[Document] = None,
-        accept_handler: Optional[BufferAcceptHandler] = None,
-        read_only: FilterOrBool = False,
-        multiline: FilterOrBool = True,
-        on_text_changed: Optional[BufferEventHandler] = None,
-        on_text_insert: Optional[BufferEventHandler] = None,
-        on_cursor_position_changed: Optional[BufferEventHandler] = None,
-        on_completions_changed: Optional[BufferEventHandler] = None,
-        on_suggestion_set: Optional[BufferEventHandler] = None,
-    ):
-
-        # Accept both filters and booleans as input.
-        enable_history_search = to_filter(enable_history_search)
-        complete_while_typing = to_filter(complete_while_typing)
-        validate_while_typing = to_filter(validate_while_typing)
-        read_only = to_filter(read_only)
-        multiline = to_filter(multiline)
-
-        self.completer = completer or DummyCompleter()
-        self.auto_suggest = auto_suggest
-        self.validator = validator
-        self.tempfile_suffix = tempfile_suffix
-        self.tempfile = tempfile
-        self.name = name
-        self.accept_handler = accept_handler
-
-        # Filters. (Usually, used by the key bindings to drive the buffer.)
-        self.complete_while_typing = complete_while_typing
-        self.validate_while_typing = validate_while_typing
-        self.enable_history_search = enable_history_search
-        self.read_only = read_only
-        self.multiline = multiline
-
-        # Text width. (For wrapping, used by the Vi 'gq' operator.)
-        self.text_width = 0
-
-        #: The command buffer history.
-        # Note that we shouldn't use a lazy 'or' here. bool(history) could be
-        # False when empty.
-        self.history = InMemoryHistory() if history is None else history
-
-        self.__cursor_position = 0
-
-        # Events
-        self.on_text_changed: Event["Buffer"] = Event(self, on_text_changed)
-        self.on_text_insert: Event["Buffer"] = Event(self, on_text_insert)
-        self.on_cursor_position_changed: Event["Buffer"] = Event(
-            self, on_cursor_position_changed
-        )
-        self.on_completions_changed: Event["Buffer"] = Event(
-            self, on_completions_changed
-        )
-        self.on_suggestion_set: Event["Buffer"] = Event(self, on_suggestion_set)
-
-        # Document cache. (Avoid creating new Document instances.)
-        self._document_cache: FastDictCache[
-            Tuple[str, int, Optional[SelectionState]], Document
-        ] = FastDictCache(Document, size=10)
-
-        # Create completer / auto suggestion / validation coroutines.
-        self._async_suggester = self._create_auto_suggest_coroutine()
-        self._async_completer = self._create_completer_coroutine()
-        self._async_validator = self._create_auto_validate_coroutine()
-
-        # Asyncio task for populating the history.
-        self._load_history_task: Optional[asyncio.Future[None]] = None
-
-        # Reset other attributes.
-        self.reset(document=document)
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        if len(self.text) < 15:
-            text = self.text
-        else:
-            text = self.text[:12] + "..."
-
-        return "<Buffer(name=%r, text=%r) at %r>" % (self.name, text, id(self))
-
-    def reset(
-        self, document: Optional[Document] = None, append_to_history: bool = False
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        :param append_to_history: Append current input to history first.
-        """
-        if append_to_history:
-            self.append_to_history()
-
-        document = document or Document()
-
-        self.__cursor_position = document.cursor_position
-
-        # `ValidationError` instance. (Will be set when the input is wrong.)
-        self.validation_error: Optional[ValidationError] = None
-        self.validation_state: Optional[ValidationState] = ValidationState.UNKNOWN
-
-        # State of the selection.
-        self.selection_state: Optional[SelectionState] = None
-
-        # Multiple cursor mode. (When we press 'I' or 'A' in visual-block mode,
-        # we can insert text on multiple lines at once. This is implemented by
-        # using multiple cursors.)
-        self.multiple_cursor_positions: List[int] = []
-
-        # When doing consecutive up/down movements, prefer to stay at this column.
-        self.preferred_column: Optional[int] = None
-
-        # State of complete browser
-        # For interactive completion through Ctrl-N/Ctrl-P.
-        self.complete_state: Optional[CompletionState] = None
-
-        # State of Emacs yank-nth-arg completion.
-        self.yank_nth_arg_state: Optional[YankNthArgState] = None  # for yank-nth-arg.
-
-        # Remember the document that we had *right before* the last paste
-        # operation. This is used for rotating through the kill ring.
-        self.document_before_paste: Optional[Document] = None
-
-        # Current suggestion.
-        self.suggestion: Optional[Suggestion] = None
-
-        # The history search text. (Used for filtering the history when we
-        # browse through it.)
-        self.history_search_text: Optional[str] = None
-
-        # Undo/redo stacks (stack of `(text, cursor_position)`).
-        self._undo_stack: List[Tuple[str, int]] = []
-        self._redo_stack: List[Tuple[str, int]] = []
-
-        # Cancel history loader. If history loading was still ongoing.
-        # Cancel the `_load_history_task`, so that next repaint of the
-        # `BufferControl` we will repopulate it.
-        if self._load_history_task is not None:
-            self._load_history_task.cancel()
-        self._load_history_task = None
-
-        #: The working lines. Similar to history, except that this can be
-        #: modified. The user can press arrow_up and edit previous entries.
-        #: Ctrl-C should reset this, and copy the whole history back in here.
-        #: Enter should process the current command and append to the real
-        #: history.
-        self._working_lines: Deque[str] = deque([document.text])
-        self.__working_index = 0
-
-    def load_history_if_not_yet_loaded(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Create task for populating the buffer history (if not yet done).
-
-        Note::
-
-            This needs to be called from within the event loop of the
-            application, because history loading is async, and we need to be
-            sure the right event loop is active. Therefor, we call this method
-            in the `BufferControl.create_content`.
-
-            There are situations where prompt_toolkit applications are created
-            in one thread, but will later run in a different thread (Ptpython
-            is one example. The REPL runs in a separate thread, in order to
-            prevent interfering with a potential different event loop in the
-            main thread. The REPL UI however is still created in the main
-            thread.) We could decide to not support creating prompt_toolkit
-            objects in one thread and running the application in a different
-            thread, but history loading is the only place where it matters, and
-            this solves it.
-        """
-        if self._load_history_task is None:
-
-            async def load_history() -> None:
-                async for item in self.history.load():
-                    self._working_lines.appendleft(item)
-                    self.__working_index += 1
-
-            self._load_history_task = get_app().create_background_task(load_history())
-
-            def load_history_done(f: "asyncio.Future[None]") -> None:
-                """
-                Handle `load_history` result when either done, cancelled, or
-                when an exception was raised.
-                """
-                try:
-                    f.result()
-                except asyncio.CancelledError:
-                    # Ignore cancellation. But handle it, so that we don't get
-                    # this traceback.
-                    pass
-                except GeneratorExit:
-                    # Probably not needed, but we had situations where
-                    # `GeneratorExit` was raised in `load_history` during
-                    # cancellation.
-                    pass
-                except BaseException:
-                    # Log error if something goes wrong. (We don't have a
-                    # caller to which we can propagate this exception.)
-                    logger.exception("Loading history failed")
-
-            self._load_history_task.add_done_callback(load_history_done)
-
-    # <getters/setters>
-
-    def _set_text(self, value: str) -> bool:
-        """set text at current working_index. Return whether it changed."""
-        working_index = self.working_index
-        working_lines = self._working_lines
-
-        original_value = working_lines[working_index]
-        working_lines[working_index] = value
-
-        # Return True when this text has been changed.
-        if len(value) != len(original_value):
-            # For Python 2, it seems that when two strings have a different
-            # length and one is a prefix of the other, Python still scans
-            # character by character to see whether the strings are different.
-            # (Some benchmarking showed significant differences for big
-            # documents. >100,000 of lines.)
-            return True
-        elif value != original_value:
-            return True
-        return False
-
-    def _set_cursor_position(self, value: int) -> bool:
-        """Set cursor position. Return whether it changed."""
-        original_position = self.__cursor_position
-        self.__cursor_position = max(0, value)
-
-        return self.__cursor_position != original_position
-
-    @property
-    def text(self) -> str:
-        return self._working_lines[self.working_index]
-
-    @text.setter
-    def text(self, value: str) -> None:
-        """
-        Setting text. (When doing this, make sure that the cursor_position is
-        valid for this text. text/cursor_position should be consistent at any time,
-        otherwise set a Document instead.)
-        """
-        # Ensure cursor position remains within the size of the text.
-        if self.cursor_position > len(value):
-            self.cursor_position = len(value)
-
-        # Don't allow editing of read-only buffers.
-        if self.read_only():
-            raise EditReadOnlyBuffer()
-
-        changed = self._set_text(value)
-
-        if changed:
-            self._text_changed()
-
-            # Reset history search text.
-            # (Note that this doesn't need to happen when working_index
-            #  changes, which is when we traverse the history. That's why we
-            #  don't do this in `self._text_changed`.)
-            self.history_search_text = None
-
-    @property
-    def cursor_position(self) -> int:
-        return self.__cursor_position
-
-    @cursor_position.setter
-    def cursor_position(self, value: int) -> None:
-        """
-        Setting cursor position.
-        """
-        assert isinstance(value, int)
-
-        # Ensure cursor position is within the size of the text.
-        if value > len(self.text):
-            value = len(self.text)
-        if value < 0:
-            value = 0
-
-        changed = self._set_cursor_position(value)
-
-        if changed:
-            self._cursor_position_changed()
-
-    @property
-    def working_index(self) -> int:
-        return self.__working_index
-
-    @working_index.setter
-    def working_index(self, value: int) -> None:
-        if self.__working_index != value:
-            self.__working_index = value
-            # Make sure to reset the cursor position, otherwise we end up in
-            # situations where the cursor position is out of the bounds of the
-            # text.
-            self.cursor_position = 0
-            self._text_changed()
-
-    def _text_changed(self) -> None:
-        # Remove any validation errors and complete state.
-        self.validation_error = None
-        self.validation_state = ValidationState.UNKNOWN
-        self.complete_state = None
-        self.yank_nth_arg_state = None
-        self.document_before_paste = None
-        self.selection_state = None
-        self.suggestion = None
-        self.preferred_column = None
-
-        # fire 'on_text_changed' event.
-        self.on_text_changed.fire()
-
-        # Input validation.
-        # (This happens on all change events, unlike auto completion, also when
-        # deleting text.)
-        if self.validator and self.validate_while_typing():
-            get_app().create_background_task(self._async_validator())
-
-    def _cursor_position_changed(self) -> None:
-        # Remove any complete state.
-        # (Input validation should only be undone when the cursor position
-        # changes.)
-        self.complete_state = None
-        self.yank_nth_arg_state = None
-        self.document_before_paste = None
-
-        # Unset preferred_column. (Will be set after the cursor movement, if
-        # required.)
-        self.preferred_column = None
-
-        # Note that the cursor position can change if we have a selection the
-        # new position of the cursor determines the end of the selection.
-
-        # fire 'on_cursor_position_changed' event.
-        self.on_cursor_position_changed.fire()
-
-    @property
-    def document(self) -> Document:
-        """
-        Return :class:`~prompt_toolkit.document.Document` instance from the
-        current text, cursor position and selection state.
-        """
-        return self._document_cache[
-            self.text, self.cursor_position, self.selection_state
-        ]
-
-    @document.setter
-    def document(self, value: Document) -> None:
-        """
-        Set :class:`~prompt_toolkit.document.Document` instance.
-
-        This will set both the text and cursor position at the same time, but
-        atomically. (Change events will be triggered only after both have been set.)
-        """
-        self.set_document(value)
-
-    def set_document(self, value: Document, bypass_readonly: bool = False) -> None:
-        """
-        Set :class:`~prompt_toolkit.document.Document` instance. Like the
-        ``document`` property, but accept an ``bypass_readonly`` argument.
-
-        :param bypass_readonly: When True, don't raise an
-                                :class:`.EditReadOnlyBuffer` exception, even
-                                when the buffer is read-only.
-
-        .. warning::
-
-            When this buffer is read-only and `bypass_readonly` was not passed,
-            the `EditReadOnlyBuffer` exception will be caught by the
-            `KeyProcessor` and is silently suppressed. This is important to
-            keep in mind when writing key bindings, because it won't do what
-            you expect, and there won't be a stack trace. Use try/finally
-            around this function if you need some cleanup code.
-        """
-        # Don't allow editing of read-only buffers.
-        if not bypass_readonly and self.read_only():
-            raise EditReadOnlyBuffer()
-
-        # Set text and cursor position first.
-        text_changed = self._set_text(value.text)
-        cursor_position_changed = self._set_cursor_position(value.cursor_position)
-
-        # Now handle change events. (We do this when text/cursor position is
-        # both set and consistent.)
-        if text_changed:
-            self._text_changed()
-            self.history_search_text = None
-
-        if cursor_position_changed:
-            self._cursor_position_changed()
-
-    @property
-    def is_returnable(self) -> bool:
-        """
-        True when there is something handling accept.
-        """
-        return bool(self.accept_handler)
-
-    # End of <getters/setters>
-
-    def save_to_undo_stack(self, clear_redo_stack: bool = True) -> None:
-        """
-        Safe current state (input text and cursor position), so that we can
-        restore it by calling undo.
-        """
-        # Safe if the text is different from the text at the top of the stack
-        # is different. If the text is the same, just update the cursor position.
-        if self._undo_stack and self._undo_stack[-1][0] == self.text:
-            self._undo_stack[-1] = (self._undo_stack[-1][0], self.cursor_position)
-        else:
-            self._undo_stack.append((self.text, self.cursor_position))
-
-        # Saving anything to the undo stack, clears the redo stack.
-        if clear_redo_stack:
-            self._redo_stack = []
-
-    def transform_lines(
-        self,
-        line_index_iterator: Iterable[int],
-        transform_callback: Callable[[str], str],
-    ) -> str:
-        """
-        Transforms the text on a range of lines.
-        When the iterator yield an index not in the range of lines that the
-        document contains, it skips them silently.
-
-        To uppercase some lines::
-
-            new_text = transform_lines(range(5,10), lambda text: text.upper())
-
-        :param line_index_iterator: Iterator of line numbers (int)
-        :param transform_callback: callable that takes the original text of a
-                                   line, and return the new text for this line.
-
-        :returns: The new text.
-        """
-        # Split lines
-        lines = self.text.split("\n")
-
-        # Apply transformation
-        for index in line_index_iterator:
-            try:
-                lines[index] = transform_callback(lines[index])
-            except IndexError:
-                pass
-
-        return "\n".join(lines)
-
-    def transform_current_line(self, transform_callback: Callable[[str], str]) -> None:
-        """
-        Apply the given transformation function to the current line.
-
-        :param transform_callback: callable that takes a string and return a new string.
-        """
-        document = self.document
-        a = document.cursor_position + document.get_start_of_line_position()
-        b = document.cursor_position + document.get_end_of_line_position()
-        self.text = (
-            document.text[:a]
-            + transform_callback(document.text[a:b])
-            + document.text[b:]
-        )
-
-    def transform_region(
-        self, from_: int, to: int, transform_callback: Callable[[str], str]
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        Transform a part of the input string.
-
-        :param from_: (int) start position.
-        :param to: (int) end position.
-        :param transform_callback: Callable which accepts a string and returns
-            the transformed string.
-        """
-        assert from_ < to
-
-        self.text = "".join(
-            [
-                self.text[:from_]
-                + transform_callback(self.text[from_:to])
-                + self.text[to:]
-            ]
-        )
-
-    def cursor_left(self, count: int = 1) -> None:
-        self.cursor_position += self.document.get_cursor_left_position(count=count)
-
-    def cursor_right(self, count: int = 1) -> None:
-        self.cursor_position += self.document.get_cursor_right_position(count=count)
-
-    def cursor_up(self, count: int = 1) -> None:
-        """(for multiline edit). Move cursor to the previous line."""
-        original_column = self.preferred_column or self.document.cursor_position_col
-        self.cursor_position += self.document.get_cursor_up_position(
-            count=count, preferred_column=original_column
-        )
-
-        # Remember the original column for the next up/down movement.
-        self.preferred_column = original_column
-
-    def cursor_down(self, count: int = 1) -> None:
-        """(for multiline edit). Move cursor to the next line."""
-        original_column = self.preferred_column or self.document.cursor_position_col
-        self.cursor_position += self.document.get_cursor_down_position(
-            count=count, preferred_column=original_column
-        )
-
-        # Remember the original column for the next up/down movement.
-        self.preferred_column = original_column
-
-    def auto_up(
-        self, count: int = 1, go_to_start_of_line_if_history_changes: bool = False
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        If we're not on the first line (of a multiline input) go a line up,
-        otherwise go back in history. (If nothing is selected.)
-        """
-        if self.complete_state:
-            self.complete_previous(count=count)
-        elif self.document.cursor_position_row > 0:
-            self.cursor_up(count=count)
-        elif not self.selection_state:
-            self.history_backward(count=count)
-
-            # Go to the start of the line?
-            if go_to_start_of_line_if_history_changes:
-                self.cursor_position += self.document.get_start_of_line_position()
-
-    def auto_down(
-        self, count: int = 1, go_to_start_of_line_if_history_changes: bool = False
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        If we're not on the last line (of a multiline input) go a line down,
-        otherwise go forward in history. (If nothing is selected.)
-        """
-        if self.complete_state:
-            self.complete_next(count=count)
-        elif self.document.cursor_position_row < self.document.line_count - 1:
-            self.cursor_down(count=count)
-        elif not self.selection_state:
-            self.history_forward(count=count)
-
-            # Go to the start of the line?
-            if go_to_start_of_line_if_history_changes:
-                self.cursor_position += self.document.get_start_of_line_position()
-
-    def delete_before_cursor(self, count: int = 1) -> str:
-        """
-        Delete specified number of characters before cursor and return the
-        deleted text.
-        """
-        assert count >= 0
-        deleted = ""
-
-        if self.cursor_position > 0:
-            deleted = self.text[self.cursor_position - count : self.cursor_position]
-
-            new_text = (
-                self.text[: self.cursor_position - count]
-                + self.text[self.cursor_position :]
-            )
-            new_cursor_position = self.cursor_position - len(deleted)
-
-            # Set new Document atomically.
-            self.document = Document(new_text, new_cursor_position)
-
-        return deleted
-
-    def delete(self, count: int = 1) -> str:
-        """
-        Delete specified number of characters and Return the deleted text.
-        """
-        if self.cursor_position < len(self.text):
-            deleted = self.document.text_after_cursor[:count]
-            self.text = (
-                self.text[: self.cursor_position]
-                + self.text[self.cursor_position + len(deleted) :]
-            )
-            return deleted
-        else:
-            return ""
-
-    def join_next_line(self, separator: str = " ") -> None:
-        """
-        Join the next line to the current one by deleting the line ending after
-        the current line.
-        """
-        if not self.document.on_last_line:
-            self.cursor_position += self.document.get_end_of_line_position()
-            self.delete()
-
-            # Remove spaces.
-            self.text = (
-                self.document.text_before_cursor
-                + separator
-                + self.document.text_after_cursor.lstrip(" ")
-            )
-
-    def join_selected_lines(self, separator: str = " ") -> None:
-        """
-        Join the selected lines.
-        """
-        assert self.selection_state
-
-        # Get lines.
-        from_, to = sorted(
-            [self.cursor_position, self.selection_state.original_cursor_position]
-        )
-
-        before = self.text[:from_]
-        lines = self.text[from_:to].splitlines()
-        after = self.text[to:]
-
-        # Replace leading spaces with just one space.
-        lines = [l.lstrip(" ") + separator for l in lines]
-
-        # Set new document.
-        self.document = Document(
-            text=before + "".join(lines) + after,
-            cursor_position=len(before + "".join(lines[:-1])) - 1,
-        )
-
-    def swap_characters_before_cursor(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Swap the last two characters before the cursor.
-        """
-        pos = self.cursor_position
-
-        if pos >= 2:
-            a = self.text[pos - 2]
-            b = self.text[pos - 1]
-
-            self.text = self.text[: pos - 2] + b + a + self.text[pos:]
-
-    def go_to_history(self, index: int) -> None:
-        """
-        Go to this item in the history.
-        """
-        if index < len(self._working_lines):
-            self.working_index = index
-            self.cursor_position = len(self.text)
-
-    def complete_next(self, count: int = 1, disable_wrap_around: bool = False) -> None:
-        """
-        Browse to the next completions.
-        (Does nothing if there are no completion.)
-        """
-        index: Optional[int]
-
-        if self.complete_state:
-            completions_count = len(self.complete_state.completions)
-
-            if self.complete_state.complete_index is None:
-                index = 0
-            elif self.complete_state.complete_index == completions_count - 1:
-                index = None
-
-                if disable_wrap_around:
-                    return
-            else:
-                index = min(
-                    completions_count - 1, self.complete_state.complete_index + count
-                )
-            self.go_to_completion(index)
-
-    def complete_previous(
-        self, count: int = 1, disable_wrap_around: bool = False
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        Browse to the previous completions.
-        (Does nothing if there are no completion.)
-        """
-        index: Optional[int]
-
-        if self.complete_state:
-            if self.complete_state.complete_index == 0:
-                index = None
-
-                if disable_wrap_around:
-                    return
-            elif self.complete_state.complete_index is None:
-                index = len(self.complete_state.completions) - 1
-            else:
-                index = max(0, self.complete_state.complete_index - count)
-
-            self.go_to_completion(index)
-
-    def cancel_completion(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Cancel completion, go back to the original text.
-        """
-        if self.complete_state:
-            self.go_to_completion(None)
-            self.complete_state = None
-
-    def _set_completions(self, completions: List[Completion]) -> CompletionState:
-        """
-        Start completions. (Generate list of completions and initialize.)
-
-        By default, no completion will be selected.
-        """
-        self.complete_state = CompletionState(
-            original_document=self.document, completions=completions
-        )
-
-        # Trigger event. This should eventually invalidate the layout.
-        self.on_completions_changed.fire()
-
-        return self.complete_state
-
-    def start_history_lines_completion(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Start a completion based on all the other lines in the document and the
-        history.
-        """
-        found_completions: Set[str] = set()
-        completions = []
-
-        # For every line of the whole history, find matches with the current line.
-        current_line = self.document.current_line_before_cursor.lstrip()
-
-        for i, string in enumerate(self._working_lines):
-            for j, l in enumerate(string.split("\n")):
-                l = l.strip()
-                if l and l.startswith(current_line):
-                    # When a new line has been found.
-                    if l not in found_completions:
-                        found_completions.add(l)
-
-                        # Create completion.
-                        if i == self.working_index:
-                            display_meta = "Current, line %s" % (j + 1)
-                        else:
-                            display_meta = "History %s, line %s" % (i + 1, j + 1)
-
-                        completions.append(
-                            Completion(
+""" 
+Data structures for the Buffer. 
+It holds the text, cursor position, history, etc... 
+""" 
+import asyncio 
+import logging 
+import os 
+import re 
+import shlex 
+import shutil 
+import subprocess 
+import tempfile 
+from collections import deque 
+from enum import Enum 
+from functools import wraps 
+from typing import ( 
+    Any, 
+    Awaitable, 
+    Callable, 
+    Deque, 
+    Iterable, 
+    List, 
+    Optional, 
+    Set, 
+    Tuple, 
+    TypeVar, 
+    Union, 
+    cast, 
+) 
+ 
+from .application.current import get_app 
+from .application.run_in_terminal import run_in_terminal 
+from .auto_suggest import AutoSuggest, Suggestion 
+from .cache import FastDictCache 
+from .clipboard import ClipboardData 
+from .completion import ( 
+    CompleteEvent, 
+    Completer, 
+    Completion, 
+    DummyCompleter, 
+    get_common_complete_suffix, 
+) 
+from .document import Document 
+from .filters import FilterOrBool, to_filter 
+from .history import History, InMemoryHistory 
+from .search import SearchDirection, SearchState 
+from .selection import PasteMode, SelectionState, SelectionType 
+from .utils import Event, to_str 
+from .validation import ValidationError, Validator 
+ 
+__all__ = [ 
+    "EditReadOnlyBuffer", 
+    "Buffer", 
+    "CompletionState", 
+    "indent", 
+    "unindent", 
+    "reshape_text", 
+] 
+ 
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) 
+ 
+ 
+class EditReadOnlyBuffer(Exception): 
+    "Attempt editing of read-only :class:`.Buffer`." 
+ 
+ 
+class ValidationState(Enum): 
+    "The validation state of a buffer. This is set after the validation." 
+    VALID = "VALID" 
+    INVALID = "INVALID" 
+    UNKNOWN = "UNKNOWN" 
+ 
+ 
+class CompletionState: 
+    """ 
+    Immutable class that contains a completion state. 
+    """ 
+ 
+    def __init__( 
+        self, 
+        original_document: "Document", 
+        completions: Optional[List["Completion"]] = None, 
+        complete_index: Optional[int] = None, 
+    ) -> None: 
+ 
+        #: Document as it was when the completion started. 
+        self.original_document = original_document 
+ 
+        #: List of all the current Completion instances which are possible at 
+        #: this point. 
+        self.completions = completions or [] 
+ 
+        #: Position in the `completions` array. 
+        #: This can be `None` to indicate "no completion", the original text. 
+        self.complete_index = complete_index  # Position in the `_completions` array. 
+ 
+    def __repr__(self) -> str: 
+        return "%s(%r, <%r> completions, index=%r)" % ( 
+            self.__class__.__name__, 
+            self.original_document, 
+            len(self.completions), 
+            self.complete_index, 
+        ) 
+ 
+    def go_to_index(self, index: Optional[int]) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Create a new :class:`.CompletionState` object with the new index. 
+ 
+        When `index` is `None` deselect the completion. 
+        """ 
+        if self.completions: 
+            assert index is None or 0 <= index < len(self.completions) 
+            self.complete_index = index 
+ 
+    def new_text_and_position(self) -> Tuple[str, int]: 
+        """ 
+        Return (new_text, new_cursor_position) for this completion. 
+        """ 
+        if self.complete_index is None: 
+            return self.original_document.text, self.original_document.cursor_position 
+        else: 
+            original_text_before_cursor = self.original_document.text_before_cursor 
+            original_text_after_cursor = self.original_document.text_after_cursor 
+ 
+            c = self.completions[self.complete_index] 
+            if c.start_position == 0: 
+                before = original_text_before_cursor 
+            else: 
+                before = original_text_before_cursor[: c.start_position] 
+ 
+            new_text = before + c.text + original_text_after_cursor 
+            new_cursor_position = len(before) + len(c.text) 
+            return new_text, new_cursor_position 
+ 
+    @property 
+    def current_completion(self) -> Optional["Completion"]: 
+        """ 
+        Return the current completion, or return `None` when no completion is 
+        selected. 
+        """ 
+        if self.complete_index is not None: 
+            return self.completions[self.complete_index] 
+        return None 
+ 
+ 
+_QUOTED_WORDS_RE = re.compile(r"""(\s+|".*?"|'.*?')""") 
+ 
+ 
+class YankNthArgState: 
+    """ 
+    For yank-last-arg/yank-nth-arg: Keep track of where we are in the history. 
+    """ 
+ 
+    def __init__( 
+        self, history_position: int = 0, n: int = -1, previous_inserted_word: str = "" 
+    ) -> None: 
+ 
+        self.history_position = history_position 
+        self.previous_inserted_word = previous_inserted_word 
+        self.n = n 
+ 
+    def __repr__(self) -> str: 
+        return "%s(history_position=%r, n=%r, previous_inserted_word=%r)" % ( 
+            self.__class__.__name__, 
+            self.history_position, 
+            self.n, 
+            self.previous_inserted_word, 
+        ) 
+ 
+ 
+BufferEventHandler = Callable[["Buffer"], None] 
+BufferAcceptHandler = Callable[["Buffer"], bool] 
+ 
+ 
+class Buffer: 
+    """ 
+    The core data structure that holds the text and cursor position of the 
+    current input line and implements all text manipulations on top of it. It 
+    also implements the history, undo stack and the completion state. 
+ 
+    :param completer: :class:`~prompt_toolkit.completion.Completer` instance. 
+    :param history: :class:`~prompt_toolkit.history.History` instance. 
+    :param tempfile_suffix: The tempfile suffix (extension) to be used for the 
+        "open in editor" function. For a Python REPL, this would be ".py", so 
+        that the editor knows the syntax highlighting to use. This can also be 
+        a callable that returns a string. 
+    :param tempfile: For more advanced tempfile situations where you need 
+        control over the subdirectories and filename. For a Git Commit Message, 
+        this would be ".git/COMMIT_EDITMSG", so that the editor knows the syntax 
+        highlighting to use. This can also be a callable that returns a string. 
+    :param name: Name for this buffer. E.g. DEFAULT_BUFFER. This is mostly 
+        useful for key bindings where we sometimes prefer to refer to a buffer 
+        by their name instead of by reference. 
+    :param accept_handler: Called when the buffer input is accepted. (Usually 
+        when the user presses `enter`.) The accept handler receives this 
+        `Buffer` as input and should return True when the buffer text should be 
+        kept instead of calling reset. 
+ 
+        In case of a `PromptSession` for instance, we want to keep the text, 
+        because we will exit the application, and only reset it during the next 
+        run. 
+ 
+    Events: 
+ 
+    :param on_text_changed: When the buffer text changes. (Callable or None.) 
+    :param on_text_insert: When new text is inserted. (Callable or None.) 
+    :param on_cursor_position_changed: When the cursor moves. (Callable or None.) 
+    :param on_completions_changed: When the completions were changed. (Callable or None.) 
+    :param on_suggestion_set: When an auto-suggestion text has been set. (Callable or None.) 
+ 
+    Filters: 
+ 
+    :param complete_while_typing: :class:`~prompt_toolkit.filters.Filter` 
+        or `bool`. Decide whether or not to do asynchronous autocompleting while 
+        typing. 
+    :param validate_while_typing: :class:`~prompt_toolkit.filters.Filter` 
+        or `bool`. Decide whether or not to do asynchronous validation while 
+        typing. 
+    :param enable_history_search: :class:`~prompt_toolkit.filters.Filter` or 
+        `bool` to indicate when up-arrow partial string matching is enabled. It 
+        is advised to not enable this at the same time as 
+        `complete_while_typing`, because when there is an autocompletion found, 
+        the up arrows usually browse through the completions, rather than 
+        through the history. 
+    :param read_only: :class:`~prompt_toolkit.filters.Filter`. When True, 
+        changes will not be allowed. 
+    :param multiline: :class:`~prompt_toolkit.filters.Filter` or `bool`. When 
+        not set, pressing `Enter` will call the `accept_handler`.  Otherwise, 
+        pressing `Esc-Enter` is required. 
+    """ 
+ 
+    def __init__( 
+        self, 
+        completer: Optional[Completer] = None, 
+        auto_suggest: Optional[AutoSuggest] = None, 
+        history: Optional[History] = None, 
+        validator: Optional[Validator] = None, 
+        tempfile_suffix: Union[str, Callable[[], str]] = "", 
+        tempfile: Union[str, Callable[[], str]] = "", 
+        name: str = "", 
+        complete_while_typing: FilterOrBool = False, 
+        validate_while_typing: FilterOrBool = False, 
+        enable_history_search: FilterOrBool = False, 
+        document: Optional[Document] = None, 
+        accept_handler: Optional[BufferAcceptHandler] = None, 
+        read_only: FilterOrBool = False, 
+        multiline: FilterOrBool = True, 
+        on_text_changed: Optional[BufferEventHandler] = None, 
+        on_text_insert: Optional[BufferEventHandler] = None, 
+        on_cursor_position_changed: Optional[BufferEventHandler] = None, 
+        on_completions_changed: Optional[BufferEventHandler] = None, 
+        on_suggestion_set: Optional[BufferEventHandler] = None, 
+    ): 
+ 
+        # Accept both filters and booleans as input. 
+        enable_history_search = to_filter(enable_history_search) 
+        complete_while_typing = to_filter(complete_while_typing) 
+        validate_while_typing = to_filter(validate_while_typing) 
+        read_only = to_filter(read_only) 
+        multiline = to_filter(multiline) 
+ 
+        self.completer = completer or DummyCompleter() 
+        self.auto_suggest = auto_suggest 
+        self.validator = validator 
+        self.tempfile_suffix = tempfile_suffix 
+        self.tempfile = tempfile 
+        self.name = name 
+        self.accept_handler = accept_handler 
+ 
+        # Filters. (Usually, used by the key bindings to drive the buffer.) 
+        self.complete_while_typing = complete_while_typing 
+        self.validate_while_typing = validate_while_typing 
+        self.enable_history_search = enable_history_search 
+        self.read_only = read_only 
+        self.multiline = multiline 
+ 
+        # Text width. (For wrapping, used by the Vi 'gq' operator.) 
+        self.text_width = 0 
+ 
+        #: The command buffer history. 
+        # Note that we shouldn't use a lazy 'or' here. bool(history) could be 
+        # False when empty. 
+        self.history = InMemoryHistory() if history is None else history 
+ 
+        self.__cursor_position = 0 
+ 
+        # Events 
+        self.on_text_changed: Event["Buffer"] = Event(self, on_text_changed) 
+        self.on_text_insert: Event["Buffer"] = Event(self, on_text_insert) 
+        self.on_cursor_position_changed: Event["Buffer"] = Event( 
+            self, on_cursor_position_changed 
+        ) 
+        self.on_completions_changed: Event["Buffer"] = Event( 
+            self, on_completions_changed 
+        ) 
+        self.on_suggestion_set: Event["Buffer"] = Event(self, on_suggestion_set) 
+ 
+        # Document cache. (Avoid creating new Document instances.) 
+        self._document_cache: FastDictCache[ 
+            Tuple[str, int, Optional[SelectionState]], Document 
+        ] = FastDictCache(Document, size=10) 
+ 
+        # Create completer / auto suggestion / validation coroutines. 
+        self._async_suggester = self._create_auto_suggest_coroutine() 
+        self._async_completer = self._create_completer_coroutine() 
+        self._async_validator = self._create_auto_validate_coroutine() 
+ 
+        # Asyncio task for populating the history. 
+        self._load_history_task: Optional[asyncio.Future[None]] = None 
+ 
+        # Reset other attributes. 
+        self.reset(document=document) 
+ 
+    def __repr__(self) -> str: 
+        if len(self.text) < 15: 
+            text = self.text 
+        else: 
+            text = self.text[:12] + "..." 
+ 
+        return "<Buffer(name=%r, text=%r) at %r>" % (self.name, text, id(self)) 
+ 
+    def reset( 
+        self, document: Optional[Document] = None, append_to_history: bool = False 
+    ) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        :param append_to_history: Append current input to history first. 
+        """ 
+        if append_to_history: 
+            self.append_to_history() 
+ 
+        document = document or Document() 
+ 
+        self.__cursor_position = document.cursor_position 
+ 
+        # `ValidationError` instance. (Will be set when the input is wrong.) 
+        self.validation_error: Optional[ValidationError] = None 
+        self.validation_state: Optional[ValidationState] = ValidationState.UNKNOWN 
+ 
+        # State of the selection. 
+        self.selection_state: Optional[SelectionState] = None 
+ 
+        # Multiple cursor mode. (When we press 'I' or 'A' in visual-block mode, 
+        # we can insert text on multiple lines at once. This is implemented by 
+        # using multiple cursors.) 
+        self.multiple_cursor_positions: List[int] = [] 
+ 
+        # When doing consecutive up/down movements, prefer to stay at this column. 
+        self.preferred_column: Optional[int] = None 
+ 
+        # State of complete browser 
+        # For interactive completion through Ctrl-N/Ctrl-P. 
+        self.complete_state: Optional[CompletionState] = None 
+ 
+        # State of Emacs yank-nth-arg completion. 
+        self.yank_nth_arg_state: Optional[YankNthArgState] = None  # for yank-nth-arg. 
+ 
+        # Remember the document that we had *right before* the last paste 
+        # operation. This is used for rotating through the kill ring. 
+        self.document_before_paste: Optional[Document] = None 
+ 
+        # Current suggestion. 
+        self.suggestion: Optional[Suggestion] = None 
+ 
+        # The history search text. (Used for filtering the history when we 
+        # browse through it.) 
+        self.history_search_text: Optional[str] = None 
+ 
+        # Undo/redo stacks (stack of `(text, cursor_position)`). 
+        self._undo_stack: List[Tuple[str, int]] = [] 
+        self._redo_stack: List[Tuple[str, int]] = [] 
+ 
+        # Cancel history loader. If history loading was still ongoing. 
+        # Cancel the `_load_history_task`, so that next repaint of the 
+        # `BufferControl` we will repopulate it. 
+        if self._load_history_task is not None: 
+            self._load_history_task.cancel() 
+        self._load_history_task = None 
+ 
+        #: The working lines. Similar to history, except that this can be 
+        #: modified. The user can press arrow_up and edit previous entries. 
+        #: Ctrl-C should reset this, and copy the whole history back in here. 
+        #: Enter should process the current command and append to the real 
+        #: history. 
+        self._working_lines: Deque[str] = deque([document.text]) 
+        self.__working_index = 0 
+ 
+    def load_history_if_not_yet_loaded(self) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Create task for populating the buffer history (if not yet done). 
+ 
+        Note:: 
+ 
+            This needs to be called from within the event loop of the 
+            application, because history loading is async, and we need to be 
+            sure the right event loop is active. Therefor, we call this method 
+            in the `BufferControl.create_content`. 
+ 
+            There are situations where prompt_toolkit applications are created 
+            in one thread, but will later run in a different thread (Ptpython 
+            is one example. The REPL runs in a separate thread, in order to 
+            prevent interfering with a potential different event loop in the 
+            main thread. The REPL UI however is still created in the main 
+            thread.) We could decide to not support creating prompt_toolkit 
+            objects in one thread and running the application in a different 
+            thread, but history loading is the only place where it matters, and 
+            this solves it. 
+        """ 
+        if self._load_history_task is None: 
+ 
+            async def load_history() -> None: 
+                async for item in self.history.load(): 
+                    self._working_lines.appendleft(item) 
+                    self.__working_index += 1 
+ 
+            self._load_history_task = get_app().create_background_task(load_history()) 
+ 
+            def load_history_done(f: "asyncio.Future[None]") -> None: 
+                """ 
+                Handle `load_history` result when either done, cancelled, or 
+                when an exception was raised. 
+                """ 
+                try: 
+                    f.result() 
+                except asyncio.CancelledError: 
+                    # Ignore cancellation. But handle it, so that we don't get 
+                    # this traceback. 
+                    pass 
+                except GeneratorExit: 
+                    # Probably not needed, but we had situations where 
+                    # `GeneratorExit` was raised in `load_history` during 
+                    # cancellation. 
+                    pass 
+                except BaseException: 
+                    # Log error if something goes wrong. (We don't have a 
+                    # caller to which we can propagate this exception.) 
+                    logger.exception("Loading history failed") 
+ 
+            self._load_history_task.add_done_callback(load_history_done) 
+ 
+    # <getters/setters> 
+ 
+    def _set_text(self, value: str) -> bool: 
+        """set text at current working_index. Return whether it changed.""" 
+        working_index = self.working_index 
+        working_lines = self._working_lines 
+ 
+        original_value = working_lines[working_index] 
+        working_lines[working_index] = value 
+ 
+        # Return True when this text has been changed. 
+        if len(value) != len(original_value): 
+            # For Python 2, it seems that when two strings have a different 
+            # length and one is a prefix of the other, Python still scans 
+            # character by character to see whether the strings are different. 
+            # (Some benchmarking showed significant differences for big 
+            # documents. >100,000 of lines.) 
+            return True 
+        elif value != original_value: 
+            return True 
+        return False 
+ 
+    def _set_cursor_position(self, value: int) -> bool: 
+        """Set cursor position. Return whether it changed.""" 
+        original_position = self.__cursor_position 
+        self.__cursor_position = max(0, value) 
+ 
+        return self.__cursor_position != original_position 
+ 
+    @property 
+    def text(self) -> str: 
+        return self._working_lines[self.working_index] 
+ 
+    @text.setter 
+    def text(self, value: str) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Setting text. (When doing this, make sure that the cursor_position is 
+        valid for this text. text/cursor_position should be consistent at any time, 
+        otherwise set a Document instead.) 
+        """ 
+        # Ensure cursor position remains within the size of the text. 
+        if self.cursor_position > len(value): 
+            self.cursor_position = len(value) 
+ 
+        # Don't allow editing of read-only buffers. 
+        if self.read_only(): 
+            raise EditReadOnlyBuffer() 
+ 
+        changed = self._set_text(value) 
+ 
+        if changed: 
+            self._text_changed() 
+ 
+            # Reset history search text. 
+            # (Note that this doesn't need to happen when working_index 
+            #  changes, which is when we traverse the history. That's why we 
+            #  don't do this in `self._text_changed`.) 
+            self.history_search_text = None 
+ 
+    @property 
+    def cursor_position(self) -> int: 
+        return self.__cursor_position 
+ 
+    @cursor_position.setter 
+    def cursor_position(self, value: int) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Setting cursor position. 
+        """ 
+        assert isinstance(value, int) 
+ 
+        # Ensure cursor position is within the size of the text. 
+        if value > len(self.text): 
+            value = len(self.text) 
+        if value < 0: 
+            value = 0 
+ 
+        changed = self._set_cursor_position(value) 
+ 
+        if changed: 
+            self._cursor_position_changed() 
+ 
+    @property 
+    def working_index(self) -> int: 
+        return self.__working_index 
+ 
+    @working_index.setter 
+    def working_index(self, value: int) -> None: 
+        if self.__working_index != value: 
+            self.__working_index = value 
+            # Make sure to reset the cursor position, otherwise we end up in 
+            # situations where the cursor position is out of the bounds of the 
+            # text. 
+            self.cursor_position = 0 
+            self._text_changed() 
+ 
+    def _text_changed(self) -> None: 
+        # Remove any validation errors and complete state. 
+        self.validation_error = None 
+        self.validation_state = ValidationState.UNKNOWN 
+        self.complete_state = None 
+        self.yank_nth_arg_state = None 
+        self.document_before_paste = None 
+        self.selection_state = None 
+        self.suggestion = None 
+        self.preferred_column = None 
+ 
+        # fire 'on_text_changed' event. 
+        self.on_text_changed.fire() 
+ 
+        # Input validation. 
+        # (This happens on all change events, unlike auto completion, also when 
+        # deleting text.) 
+        if self.validator and self.validate_while_typing(): 
+            get_app().create_background_task(self._async_validator()) 
+ 
+    def _cursor_position_changed(self) -> None: 
+        # Remove any complete state. 
+        # (Input validation should only be undone when the cursor position 
+        # changes.) 
+        self.complete_state = None 
+        self.yank_nth_arg_state = None 
+        self.document_before_paste = None 
+ 
+        # Unset preferred_column. (Will be set after the cursor movement, if 
+        # required.) 
+        self.preferred_column = None 
+ 
+        # Note that the cursor position can change if we have a selection the 
+        # new position of the cursor determines the end of the selection. 
+ 
+        # fire 'on_cursor_position_changed' event. 
+        self.on_cursor_position_changed.fire() 
+ 
+    @property 
+    def document(self) -> Document: 
+        """ 
+        Return :class:`~prompt_toolkit.document.Document` instance from the 
+        current text, cursor position and selection state. 
+        """ 
+        return self._document_cache[ 
+            self.text, self.cursor_position, self.selection_state 
+        ] 
+ 
+    @document.setter 
+    def document(self, value: Document) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Set :class:`~prompt_toolkit.document.Document` instance. 
+ 
+        This will set both the text and cursor position at the same time, but 
+        atomically. (Change events will be triggered only after both have been set.) 
+        """ 
+        self.set_document(value) 
+ 
+    def set_document(self, value: Document, bypass_readonly: bool = False) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Set :class:`~prompt_toolkit.document.Document` instance. Like the 
+        ``document`` property, but accept an ``bypass_readonly`` argument. 
+ 
+        :param bypass_readonly: When True, don't raise an 
+                                :class:`.EditReadOnlyBuffer` exception, even 
+                                when the buffer is read-only. 
+ 
+        .. warning:: 
+ 
+            When this buffer is read-only and `bypass_readonly` was not passed, 
+            the `EditReadOnlyBuffer` exception will be caught by the 
+            `KeyProcessor` and is silently suppressed. This is important to 
+            keep in mind when writing key bindings, because it won't do what 
+            you expect, and there won't be a stack trace. Use try/finally 
+            around this function if you need some cleanup code. 
+        """ 
+        # Don't allow editing of read-only buffers. 
+        if not bypass_readonly and self.read_only(): 
+            raise EditReadOnlyBuffer() 
+ 
+        # Set text and cursor position first. 
+        text_changed = self._set_text(value.text) 
+        cursor_position_changed = self._set_cursor_position(value.cursor_position) 
+ 
+        # Now handle change events. (We do this when text/cursor position is 
+        # both set and consistent.) 
+        if text_changed: 
+            self._text_changed() 
+            self.history_search_text = None 
+ 
+        if cursor_position_changed: 
+            self._cursor_position_changed() 
+ 
+    @property 
+    def is_returnable(self) -> bool: 
+        """ 
+        True when there is something handling accept. 
+        """ 
+        return bool(self.accept_handler) 
+ 
+    # End of <getters/setters> 
+ 
+    def save_to_undo_stack(self, clear_redo_stack: bool = True) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Safe current state (input text and cursor position), so that we can 
+        restore it by calling undo. 
+        """ 
+        # Safe if the text is different from the text at the top of the stack 
+        # is different. If the text is the same, just update the cursor position. 
+        if self._undo_stack and self._undo_stack[-1][0] == self.text: 
+            self._undo_stack[-1] = (self._undo_stack[-1][0], self.cursor_position) 
+        else: 
+            self._undo_stack.append((self.text, self.cursor_position)) 
+ 
+        # Saving anything to the undo stack, clears the redo stack. 
+        if clear_redo_stack: 
+            self._redo_stack = [] 
+ 
+    def transform_lines( 
+        self, 
+        line_index_iterator: Iterable[int], 
+        transform_callback: Callable[[str], str], 
+    ) -> str: 
+        """ 
+        Transforms the text on a range of lines. 
+        When the iterator yield an index not in the range of lines that the 
+        document contains, it skips them silently. 
+ 
+        To uppercase some lines:: 
+ 
+            new_text = transform_lines(range(5,10), lambda text: text.upper()) 
+ 
+        :param line_index_iterator: Iterator of line numbers (int) 
+        :param transform_callback: callable that takes the original text of a 
+                                   line, and return the new text for this line. 
+ 
+        :returns: The new text. 
+        """ 
+        # Split lines 
+        lines = self.text.split("\n") 
+ 
+        # Apply transformation 
+        for index in line_index_iterator: 
+            try: 
+                lines[index] = transform_callback(lines[index]) 
+            except IndexError: 
+                pass 
+ 
+        return "\n".join(lines) 
+ 
+    def transform_current_line(self, transform_callback: Callable[[str], str]) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Apply the given transformation function to the current line. 
+ 
+        :param transform_callback: callable that takes a string and return a new string. 
+        """ 
+        document = self.document 
+        a = document.cursor_position + document.get_start_of_line_position() 
+        b = document.cursor_position + document.get_end_of_line_position() 
+        self.text = ( 
+            document.text[:a] 
+            + transform_callback(document.text[a:b]) 
+            + document.text[b:] 
+        ) 
+ 
+    def transform_region( 
+        self, from_: int, to: int, transform_callback: Callable[[str], str] 
+    ) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Transform a part of the input string. 
+ 
+        :param from_: (int) start position. 
+        :param to: (int) end position. 
+        :param transform_callback: Callable which accepts a string and returns 
+            the transformed string. 
+        """ 
+        assert from_ < to 
+ 
+        self.text = "".join( 
+            [ 
+                self.text[:from_] 
+                + transform_callback(self.text[from_:to]) 
+                + self.text[to:] 
+            ] 
+        ) 
+ 
+    def cursor_left(self, count: int = 1) -> None: 
+        self.cursor_position += self.document.get_cursor_left_position(count=count) 
+ 
+    def cursor_right(self, count: int = 1) -> None: 
+        self.cursor_position += self.document.get_cursor_right_position(count=count) 
+ 
+    def cursor_up(self, count: int = 1) -> None: 
+        """(for multiline edit). Move cursor to the previous line.""" 
+        original_column = self.preferred_column or self.document.cursor_position_col 
+        self.cursor_position += self.document.get_cursor_up_position( 
+            count=count, preferred_column=original_column 
+        ) 
+ 
+        # Remember the original column for the next up/down movement. 
+        self.preferred_column = original_column 
+ 
+    def cursor_down(self, count: int = 1) -> None: 
+        """(for multiline edit). Move cursor to the next line.""" 
+        original_column = self.preferred_column or self.document.cursor_position_col 
+        self.cursor_position += self.document.get_cursor_down_position( 
+            count=count, preferred_column=original_column 
+        ) 
+ 
+        # Remember the original column for the next up/down movement. 
+        self.preferred_column = original_column 
+ 
+    def auto_up( 
+        self, count: int = 1, go_to_start_of_line_if_history_changes: bool = False 
+    ) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        If we're not on the first line (of a multiline input) go a line up, 
+        otherwise go back in history. (If nothing is selected.) 
+        """ 
+        if self.complete_state: 
+            self.complete_previous(count=count) 
+        elif self.document.cursor_position_row > 0: 
+            self.cursor_up(count=count) 
+        elif not self.selection_state: 
+            self.history_backward(count=count) 
+ 
+            # Go to the start of the line? 
+            if go_to_start_of_line_if_history_changes: 
+                self.cursor_position += self.document.get_start_of_line_position() 
+ 
+    def auto_down( 
+        self, count: int = 1, go_to_start_of_line_if_history_changes: bool = False 
+    ) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        If we're not on the last line (of a multiline input) go a line down, 
+        otherwise go forward in history. (If nothing is selected.) 
+        """ 
+        if self.complete_state: 
+            self.complete_next(count=count) 
+        elif self.document.cursor_position_row < self.document.line_count - 1: 
+            self.cursor_down(count=count) 
+        elif not self.selection_state: 
+            self.history_forward(count=count) 
+ 
+            # Go to the start of the line? 
+            if go_to_start_of_line_if_history_changes: 
+                self.cursor_position += self.document.get_start_of_line_position() 
+ 
+    def delete_before_cursor(self, count: int = 1) -> str: 
+        """ 
+        Delete specified number of characters before cursor and return the 
+        deleted text. 
+        """ 
+        assert count >= 0 
+        deleted = "" 
+ 
+        if self.cursor_position > 0: 
+            deleted = self.text[self.cursor_position - count : self.cursor_position] 
+ 
+            new_text = ( 
+                self.text[: self.cursor_position - count] 
+                + self.text[self.cursor_position :] 
+            ) 
+            new_cursor_position = self.cursor_position - len(deleted) 
+ 
+            # Set new Document atomically. 
+            self.document = Document(new_text, new_cursor_position) 
+ 
+        return deleted 
+ 
+    def delete(self, count: int = 1) -> str: 
+        """ 
+        Delete specified number of characters and Return the deleted text. 
+        """ 
+        if self.cursor_position < len(self.text): 
+            deleted = self.document.text_after_cursor[:count] 
+            self.text = ( 
+                self.text[: self.cursor_position] 
+                + self.text[self.cursor_position + len(deleted) :] 
+            ) 
+            return deleted 
+        else: 
+            return "" 
+ 
+    def join_next_line(self, separator: str = " ") -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Join the next line to the current one by deleting the line ending after 
+        the current line. 
+        """ 
+        if not self.document.on_last_line: 
+            self.cursor_position += self.document.get_end_of_line_position() 
+            self.delete() 
+ 
+            # Remove spaces. 
+            self.text = ( 
+                self.document.text_before_cursor 
+                + separator 
+                + self.document.text_after_cursor.lstrip(" ") 
+            ) 
+ 
+    def join_selected_lines(self, separator: str = " ") -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Join the selected lines. 
+        """ 
+        assert self.selection_state 
+ 
+        # Get lines. 
+        from_, to = sorted( 
+            [self.cursor_position, self.selection_state.original_cursor_position] 
+        ) 
+ 
+        before = self.text[:from_] 
+        lines = self.text[from_:to].splitlines() 
+        after = self.text[to:] 
+ 
+        # Replace leading spaces with just one space. 
+        lines = [l.lstrip(" ") + separator for l in lines] 
+ 
+        # Set new document. 
+        self.document = Document( 
+            text=before + "".join(lines) + after, 
+            cursor_position=len(before + "".join(lines[:-1])) - 1, 
+        ) 
+ 
+    def swap_characters_before_cursor(self) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Swap the last two characters before the cursor. 
+        """ 
+        pos = self.cursor_position 
+ 
+        if pos >= 2: 
+            a = self.text[pos - 2] 
+            b = self.text[pos - 1] 
+ 
+            self.text = self.text[: pos - 2] + b + a + self.text[pos:] 
+ 
+    def go_to_history(self, index: int) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Go to this item in the history. 
+        """ 
+        if index < len(self._working_lines): 
+            self.working_index = index 
+            self.cursor_position = len(self.text) 
+ 
+    def complete_next(self, count: int = 1, disable_wrap_around: bool = False) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Browse to the next completions. 
+        (Does nothing if there are no completion.) 
+        """ 
+        index: Optional[int] 
+ 
+        if self.complete_state: 
+            completions_count = len(self.complete_state.completions) 
+ 
+            if self.complete_state.complete_index is None: 
+                index = 0 
+            elif self.complete_state.complete_index == completions_count - 1: 
+                index = None 
+ 
+                if disable_wrap_around: 
+                    return 
+            else: 
+                index = min( 
+                    completions_count - 1, self.complete_state.complete_index + count 
+                ) 
+            self.go_to_completion(index) 
+ 
+    def complete_previous( 
+        self, count: int = 1, disable_wrap_around: bool = False 
+    ) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Browse to the previous completions. 
+        (Does nothing if there are no completion.) 
+        """ 
+        index: Optional[int] 
+ 
+        if self.complete_state: 
+            if self.complete_state.complete_index == 0: 
+                index = None 
+ 
+                if disable_wrap_around: 
+                    return 
+            elif self.complete_state.complete_index is None: 
+                index = len(self.complete_state.completions) - 1 
+            else: 
+                index = max(0, self.complete_state.complete_index - count) 
+ 
+            self.go_to_completion(index) 
+ 
+    def cancel_completion(self) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Cancel completion, go back to the original text. 
+        """ 
+        if self.complete_state: 
+            self.go_to_completion(None) 
+            self.complete_state = None 
+ 
+    def _set_completions(self, completions: List[Completion]) -> CompletionState: 
+        """ 
+        Start completions. (Generate list of completions and initialize.) 
+ 
+        By default, no completion will be selected. 
+        """ 
+        self.complete_state = CompletionState( 
+            original_document=self.document, completions=completions 
+        ) 
+ 
+        # Trigger event. This should eventually invalidate the layout. 
+        self.on_completions_changed.fire() 
+ 
+        return self.complete_state 
+ 
+    def start_history_lines_completion(self) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Start a completion based on all the other lines in the document and the 
+        history. 
+        """ 
+        found_completions: Set[str] = set() 
+        completions = [] 
+ 
+        # For every line of the whole history, find matches with the current line. 
+        current_line = self.document.current_line_before_cursor.lstrip() 
+ 
+        for i, string in enumerate(self._working_lines): 
+            for j, l in enumerate(string.split("\n")): 
+                l = l.strip() 
+                if l and l.startswith(current_line): 
+                    # When a new line has been found. 
+                    if l not in found_completions: 
+                        found_completions.add(l) 
+ 
+                        # Create completion. 
+                        if i == self.working_index: 
+                            display_meta = "Current, line %s" % (j + 1) 
+                        else: 
+                            display_meta = "History %s, line %s" % (i + 1, j + 1) 
+ 
+                        completions.append( 
+                            Completion( 
                                 text=l,
-                                start_position=-len(current_line),
-                                display_meta=display_meta,
-                            )
-                        )
-
-        self._set_completions(completions=completions[::-1])
-        self.go_to_completion(0)
-
-    def go_to_completion(self, index: Optional[int]) -> None:
-        """
-        Select a completion from the list of current completions.
-        """
-        assert self.complete_state
-
-        # Set new completion
-        state = self.complete_state
-        state.go_to_index(index)
-
-        # Set text/cursor position
-        new_text, new_cursor_position = state.new_text_and_position()
-        self.document = Document(new_text, new_cursor_position)
-
-        # (changing text/cursor position will unset complete_state.)
-        self.complete_state = state
-
-    def apply_completion(self, completion: Completion) -> None:
-        """
-        Insert a given completion.
-        """
-        # If there was already a completion active, cancel that one.
-        if self.complete_state:
-            self.go_to_completion(None)
-        self.complete_state = None
-
-        # Insert text from the given completion.
-        self.delete_before_cursor(-completion.start_position)
-        self.insert_text(completion.text)
-
-    def _set_history_search(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Set `history_search_text`.
-        (The text before the cursor will be used for filtering the history.)
-        """
-        if self.enable_history_search():
-            if self.history_search_text is None:
-                self.history_search_text = self.document.text_before_cursor
-        else:
-            self.history_search_text = None
-
-    def _history_matches(self, i: int) -> bool:
-        """
-        True when the current entry matches the history search.
-        (when we don't have history search, it's also True.)
-        """
-        return self.history_search_text is None or self._working_lines[i].startswith(
-            self.history_search_text
-        )
-
-    def history_forward(self, count: int = 1) -> None:
-        """
-        Move forwards through the history.
-
-        :param count: Amount of items to move forward.
-        """
-        self._set_history_search()
-
-        # Go forward in history.
-        found_something = False
-
-        for i in range(self.working_index + 1, len(self._working_lines)):
-            if self._history_matches(i):
-                self.working_index = i
-                count -= 1
-                found_something = True
-            if count == 0:
-                break
-
-        # If we found an entry, move cursor to the end of the first line.
-        if found_something:
-            self.cursor_position = 0
-            self.cursor_position += self.document.get_end_of_line_position()
-
-    def history_backward(self, count: int = 1) -> None:
-        """
-        Move backwards through history.
-        """
-        self._set_history_search()
-
-        # Go back in history.
-        found_something = False
-
-        for i in range(self.working_index - 1, -1, -1):
-            if self._history_matches(i):
-                self.working_index = i
-                count -= 1
-                found_something = True
-            if count == 0:
-                break
-
-        # If we move to another entry, move cursor to the end of the line.
-        if found_something:
-            self.cursor_position = len(self.text)
-
-    def yank_nth_arg(
-        self, n: Optional[int] = None, _yank_last_arg: bool = False
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        Pick nth word from previous history entry (depending on current
-        `yank_nth_arg_state`) and insert it at current position. Rotate through
-        history if called repeatedly. If no `n` has been given, take the first
-        argument. (The second word.)
-
-        :param n: (None or int), The index of the word from the previous line
-            to take.
-        """
-        assert n is None or isinstance(n, int)
-        history_strings = self.history.get_strings()
-
-        if not len(history_strings):
-            return
-
-        # Make sure we have a `YankNthArgState`.
-        if self.yank_nth_arg_state is None:
-            state = YankNthArgState(n=-1 if _yank_last_arg else 1)
-        else:
-            state = self.yank_nth_arg_state
-
-        if n is not None:
-            state.n = n
-
-        # Get new history position.
-        new_pos = state.history_position - 1
-        if -new_pos > len(history_strings):
-            new_pos = -1
-
-        # Take argument from line.
-        line = history_strings[new_pos]
-
-        words = [w.strip() for w in _QUOTED_WORDS_RE.split(line)]
-        words = [w for w in words if w]
-        try:
-            word = words[state.n]
-        except IndexError:
-            word = ""
-
-        # Insert new argument.
-        if state.previous_inserted_word:
-            self.delete_before_cursor(len(state.previous_inserted_word))
-        self.insert_text(word)
-
-        # Save state again for next completion. (Note that the 'insert'
-        # operation from above clears `self.yank_nth_arg_state`.)
-        state.previous_inserted_word = word
-        state.history_position = new_pos
-        self.yank_nth_arg_state = state
-
-    def yank_last_arg(self, n: Optional[int] = None) -> None:
-        """
-        Like `yank_nth_arg`, but if no argument has been given, yank the last
-        word by default.
-        """
-        self.yank_nth_arg(n=n, _yank_last_arg=True)
-
-    def start_selection(
-        self, selection_type: SelectionType = SelectionType.CHARACTERS
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        Take the current cursor position as the start of this selection.
-        """
-        self.selection_state = SelectionState(self.cursor_position, selection_type)
-
-    def copy_selection(self, _cut: bool = False) -> ClipboardData:
-        """
-        Copy selected text and return :class:`.ClipboardData` instance.
-
-        Notice that this doesn't store the copied data on the clipboard yet.
-        You can store it like this:
-
-        .. code:: python
-
-            data = buffer.copy_selection()
-            get_app().clipboard.set_data(data)
-        """
-        new_document, clipboard_data = self.document.cut_selection()
-        if _cut:
-            self.document = new_document
-
-        self.selection_state = None
-        return clipboard_data
-
-    def cut_selection(self) -> ClipboardData:
-        """
-        Delete selected text and return :class:`.ClipboardData` instance.
-        """
-        return self.copy_selection(_cut=True)
-
-    def paste_clipboard_data(
-        self,
-        data: ClipboardData,
-        paste_mode: PasteMode = PasteMode.EMACS,
-        count: int = 1,
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        Insert the data from the clipboard.
-        """
-        assert isinstance(data, ClipboardData)
-        assert paste_mode in (PasteMode.VI_BEFORE, PasteMode.VI_AFTER, PasteMode.EMACS)
-
-        original_document = self.document
-        self.document = self.document.paste_clipboard_data(
-            data, paste_mode=paste_mode, count=count
-        )
-
-        # Remember original document. This assignment should come at the end,
-        # because assigning to 'document' will erase it.
-        self.document_before_paste = original_document
-
-    def newline(self, copy_margin: bool = True) -> None:
-        """
-        Insert a line ending at the current position.
-        """
-        if copy_margin:
-            self.insert_text("\n" + self.document.leading_whitespace_in_current_line)
-        else:
-            self.insert_text("\n")
-
-    def insert_line_above(self, copy_margin: bool = True) -> None:
-        """
-        Insert a new line above the current one.
-        """
-        if copy_margin:
-            insert = self.document.leading_whitespace_in_current_line + "\n"
-        else:
-            insert = "\n"
-
-        self.cursor_position += self.document.get_start_of_line_position()
-        self.insert_text(insert)
-        self.cursor_position -= 1
-
-    def insert_line_below(self, copy_margin: bool = True) -> None:
-        """
-        Insert a new line below the current one.
-        """
-        if copy_margin:
-            insert = "\n" + self.document.leading_whitespace_in_current_line
-        else:
-            insert = "\n"
-
-        self.cursor_position += self.document.get_end_of_line_position()
-        self.insert_text(insert)
-
-    def insert_text(
-        self,
-        data: str,
-        overwrite: bool = False,
-        move_cursor: bool = True,
-        fire_event: bool = True,
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        Insert characters at cursor position.
-
-        :param fire_event: Fire `on_text_insert` event. This is mainly used to
-            trigger autocompletion while typing.
-        """
-        # Original text & cursor position.
-        otext = self.text
-        ocpos = self.cursor_position
-
-        # In insert/text mode.
-        if overwrite:
-            # Don't overwrite the newline itself. Just before the line ending,
-            # it should act like insert mode.
-            overwritten_text = otext[ocpos : ocpos + len(data)]
-            if "\n" in overwritten_text:
-                overwritten_text = overwritten_text[: overwritten_text.find("\n")]
-
-            text = otext[:ocpos] + data + otext[ocpos + len(overwritten_text) :]
-        else:
-            text = otext[:ocpos] + data + otext[ocpos:]
-
-        if move_cursor:
-            cpos = self.cursor_position + len(data)
-        else:
-            cpos = self.cursor_position
-
-        # Set new document.
-        # (Set text and cursor position at the same time. Otherwise, setting
-        # the text will fire a change event before the cursor position has been
-        # set. It works better to have this atomic.)
-        self.document = Document(text, cpos)
-
-        # Fire 'on_text_insert' event.
-        if fire_event:  # XXX: rename to `start_complete`.
-            self.on_text_insert.fire()
-
-            # Only complete when "complete_while_typing" is enabled.
-            if self.completer and self.complete_while_typing():
-                get_app().create_background_task(self._async_completer())
-
-            # Call auto_suggest.
-            if self.auto_suggest:
-                get_app().create_background_task(self._async_suggester())
-
-    def undo(self) -> None:
-        # Pop from the undo-stack until we find a text that if different from
-        # the current text. (The current logic of `save_to_undo_stack` will
-        # cause that the top of the undo stack is usually the same as the
-        # current text, so in that case we have to pop twice.)
-        while self._undo_stack:
-            text, pos = self._undo_stack.pop()
-
-            if text != self.text:
-                # Push current text to redo stack.
-                self._redo_stack.append((self.text, self.cursor_position))
-
-                # Set new text/cursor_position.
-                self.document = Document(text, cursor_position=pos)
-                break
-
-    def redo(self) -> None:
-        if self._redo_stack:
-            # Copy current state on undo stack.
-            self.save_to_undo_stack(clear_redo_stack=False)
-
-            # Pop state from redo stack.
-            text, pos = self._redo_stack.pop()
-            self.document = Document(text, cursor_position=pos)
-
-    def validate(self, set_cursor: bool = False) -> bool:
-        """
-        Returns `True` if valid.
-
-        :param set_cursor: Set the cursor position, if an error was found.
-        """
-        # Don't call the validator again, if it was already called for the
-        # current input.
-        if self.validation_state != ValidationState.UNKNOWN:
-            return self.validation_state == ValidationState.VALID
-
-        # Call validator.
-        if self.validator:
-            try:
-                self.validator.validate(self.document)
-            except ValidationError as e:
-                # Set cursor position (don't allow invalid values.)
-                if set_cursor:
-                    self.cursor_position = min(
-                        max(0, e.cursor_position), len(self.text)
-                    )
-
-                self.validation_state = ValidationState.INVALID
-                self.validation_error = e
-                return False
-
-        # Handle validation result.
-        self.validation_state = ValidationState.VALID
-        self.validation_error = None
-        return True
-
-    async def _validate_async(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Asynchronous version of `validate()`.
-        This one doesn't set the cursor position.
-
-        We have both variants, because a synchronous version is required.
-        Handling the ENTER key needs to be completely synchronous, otherwise
-        stuff like type-ahead is going to give very weird results. (People
-        could type input while the ENTER key is still processed.)
-
-        An asynchronous version is required if we have `validate_while_typing`
-        enabled.
-        """
-        while True:
-            # Don't call the validator again, if it was already called for the
-            # current input.
-            if self.validation_state != ValidationState.UNKNOWN:
-                return
-
-            # Call validator.
-            error = None
-            document = self.document
-
-            if self.validator:
-                try:
-                    await self.validator.validate_async(self.document)
-                except ValidationError as e:
-                    error = e
-
-                # If the document changed during the validation, try again.
-                if self.document != document:
-                    continue
-
-            # Handle validation result.
-            if error:
-                self.validation_state = ValidationState.INVALID
-            else:
-                self.validation_state = ValidationState.VALID
-
-            self.validation_error = error
-            get_app().invalidate()  # Trigger redraw (display error).
-
-    def append_to_history(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Append the current input to the history.
-        """
-        # Save at the tail of the history. (But don't if the last entry the
-        # history is already the same.)
-        if self.text:
-            history_strings = self.history.get_strings()
-            if not len(history_strings) or history_strings[-1] != self.text:
-                self.history.append_string(self.text)
-
-    def _search(
-        self,
-        search_state: SearchState,
-        include_current_position: bool = False,
-        count: int = 1,
-    ) -> Optional[Tuple[int, int]]:
-        """
-        Execute search. Return (working_index, cursor_position) tuple when this
-        search is applied. Returns `None` when this text cannot be found.
-        """
-        assert count > 0
-
-        text = search_state.text
-        direction = search_state.direction
-        ignore_case = search_state.ignore_case()
-
-        def search_once(
-            working_index: int, document: Document
-        ) -> Optional[Tuple[int, Document]]:
-            """
-            Do search one time.
-            Return (working_index, document) or `None`
-            """
-            if direction == SearchDirection.FORWARD:
-                # Try find at the current input.
-                new_index = document.find(
-                    text,
-                    include_current_position=include_current_position,
-                    ignore_case=ignore_case,
-                )
-
-                if new_index is not None:
-                    return (
-                        working_index,
-                        Document(document.text, document.cursor_position + new_index),
-                    )
-                else:
-                    # No match, go forward in the history. (Include len+1 to wrap around.)
-                    # (Here we should always include all cursor positions, because
-                    # it's a different line.)
-                    for i in range(working_index + 1, len(self._working_lines) + 1):
-                        i %= len(self._working_lines)
-
-                        document = Document(self._working_lines[i], 0)
-                        new_index = document.find(
-                            text, include_current_position=True, ignore_case=ignore_case
-                        )
-                        if new_index is not None:
-                            return (i, Document(document.text, new_index))
-            else:
-                # Try find at the current input.
-                new_index = document.find_backwards(text, ignore_case=ignore_case)
-
-                if new_index is not None:
-                    return (
-                        working_index,
-                        Document(document.text, document.cursor_position + new_index),
-                    )
-                else:
-                    # No match, go back in the history. (Include -1 to wrap around.)
-                    for i in range(working_index - 1, -2, -1):
-                        i %= len(self._working_lines)
-
-                        document = Document(
-                            self._working_lines[i], len(self._working_lines[i])
-                        )
-                        new_index = document.find_backwards(
-                            text, ignore_case=ignore_case
-                        )
-                        if new_index is not None:
-                            return (
-                                i,
-                                Document(document.text, len(document.text) + new_index),
-                            )
-            return None
-
-        # Do 'count' search iterations.
-        working_index = self.working_index
-        document = self.document
-        for _ in range(count):
-            result = search_once(working_index, document)
-            if result is None:
-                return None  # Nothing found.
-            else:
-                working_index, document = result
-
-        return (working_index, document.cursor_position)
-
-    def document_for_search(self, search_state: SearchState) -> Document:
-        """
-        Return a :class:`~prompt_toolkit.document.Document` instance that has
-        the text/cursor position for this search, if we would apply it. This
-        will be used in the
-        :class:`~prompt_toolkit.layout.BufferControl` to display feedback while
-        searching.
-        """
-        search_result = self._search(search_state, include_current_position=True)
-
-        if search_result is None:
-            return self.document
-        else:
-            working_index, cursor_position = search_result
-
-            # Keep selection, when `working_index` was not changed.
-            if working_index == self.working_index:
-                selection = self.selection_state
-            else:
-                selection = None
-
-            return Document(
-                self._working_lines[working_index], cursor_position, selection=selection
-            )
-
-    def get_search_position(
-        self,
-        search_state: SearchState,
-        include_current_position: bool = True,
-        count: int = 1,
-    ) -> int:
-        """
-        Get the cursor position for this search.
-        (This operation won't change the `working_index`. It's won't go through
-        the history. Vi text objects can't span multiple items.)
-        """
-        search_result = self._search(
-            search_state, include_current_position=include_current_position, count=count
-        )
-
-        if search_result is None:
-            return self.cursor_position
-        else:
-            working_index, cursor_position = search_result
-            return cursor_position
-
-    def apply_search(
-        self,
-        search_state: SearchState,
-        include_current_position: bool = True,
-        count: int = 1,
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        Apply search. If something is found, set `working_index` and
-        `cursor_position`.
-        """
-        search_result = self._search(
-            search_state, include_current_position=include_current_position, count=count
-        )
-
-        if search_result is not None:
-            working_index, cursor_position = search_result
-            self.working_index = working_index
-            self.cursor_position = cursor_position
-
-    def exit_selection(self) -> None:
-        self.selection_state = None
-
-    def _editor_simple_tempfile(self) -> Tuple[str, Callable[[], None]]:
-        """
-        Simple (file) tempfile implementation.
-        Return (tempfile, cleanup_func).
-        """
-        suffix = to_str(self.tempfile_suffix)
-        descriptor, filename = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix)
-
-        os.write(descriptor, self.text.encode("utf-8"))
-        os.close(descriptor)
-
-        def cleanup() -> None:
-            os.unlink(filename)
-
-        return filename, cleanup
-
-    def _editor_complex_tempfile(self) -> Tuple[str, Callable[[], None]]:
-        # Complex (directory) tempfile implementation.
-        headtail = to_str(self.tempfile)
-        if not headtail:
-            # Revert to simple case.
-            return self._editor_simple_tempfile()
-        headtail = str(headtail)
-
-        # Try to make according to tempfile logic.
-        head, tail = os.path.split(headtail)
-        if os.path.isabs(head):
-            head = head[1:]
-
-        dirpath = tempfile.mkdtemp()
-        if head:
-            dirpath = os.path.join(dirpath, head)
-        # Assume there is no issue creating dirs in this temp dir.
-        os.makedirs(dirpath)
-
-        # Open the filename and write current text.
-        filename = os.path.join(dirpath, tail)
-        with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
-            fh.write(self.text)
-
-        def cleanup() -> None:
-            shutil.rmtree(dirpath)
-
-        return filename, cleanup
-
-    def open_in_editor(self, validate_and_handle: bool = False) -> "asyncio.Task[None]":
-        """
-        Open code in editor.
-
-        This returns a future, and runs in a thread executor.
-        """
-        if self.read_only():
-            raise EditReadOnlyBuffer()
-
-        # Write current text to temporary file
-        if self.tempfile:
-            filename, cleanup_func = self._editor_complex_tempfile()
-        else:
-            filename, cleanup_func = self._editor_simple_tempfile()
-
-        async def run() -> None:
-            try:
-                # Open in editor
-                # (We need to use `run_in_terminal`, because not all editors go to
-                # the alternate screen buffer, and some could influence the cursor
-                # position.)
-                succes = await run_in_terminal(
-                    lambda: self._open_file_in_editor(filename), in_executor=True
-                )
-
-                # Read content again.
-                if succes:
-                    with open(filename, "rb") as f:
-                        text = f.read().decode("utf-8")
-
-                        # Drop trailing newline. (Editors are supposed to add it at the
-                        # end, but we don't need it.)
-                        if text.endswith("\n"):
-                            text = text[:-1]
-
-                        self.document = Document(text=text, cursor_position=len(text))
-
-                    # Accept the input.
-                    if validate_and_handle:
-                        self.validate_and_handle()
-
-            finally:
-                # Clean up temp dir/file.
-                cleanup_func()
-
-        return get_app().create_background_task(run())
-
-    def _open_file_in_editor(self, filename: str) -> bool:
-        """
-        Call editor executable.
-
-        Return True when we received a zero return code.
-        """
-        # If the 'VISUAL' or 'EDITOR' environment variable has been set, use that.
-        # Otherwise, fall back to the first available editor that we can find.
-        visual = os.environ.get("VISUAL")
-        editor = os.environ.get("EDITOR")
-
-        editors = [
-            visual,
-            editor,
-            # Order of preference.
-            "/usr/bin/editor",
-            "/usr/bin/nano",
-            "/usr/bin/pico",
-            "/usr/bin/vi",
-            "/usr/bin/emacs",
-        ]
-
-        for e in editors:
-            if e:
-                try:
-                    # Use 'shlex.split()', because $VISUAL can contain spaces
-                    # and quotes.
-                    returncode = subprocess.call(shlex.split(e) + [filename])
-                    return returncode == 0
-
-                except OSError:
-                    # Executable does not exist, try the next one.
-                    pass
-
-        return False
-
-    def start_completion(
-        self,
-        select_first: bool = False,
-        select_last: bool = False,
-        insert_common_part: bool = False,
-        complete_event: Optional[CompleteEvent] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        Start asynchronous autocompletion of this buffer.
-        (This will do nothing if a previous completion was still in progress.)
-        """
-        # Only one of these options can be selected.
-        assert select_first + select_last + insert_common_part <= 1
-
-        get_app().create_background_task(
-            self._async_completer(
-                select_first=select_first,
-                select_last=select_last,
-                insert_common_part=insert_common_part,
-                complete_event=complete_event
-                or CompleteEvent(completion_requested=True),
-            )
-        )
-
-    def _create_completer_coroutine(self) -> Callable[..., Awaitable[None]]:
-        """
-        Create function for asynchronous autocompletion.
-
-        (This consumes the asynchronous completer generator, which possibly
-        runs the completion algorithm in another thread.)
-        """
-
-        def completion_does_nothing(document: Document, completion: Completion) -> bool:
-            """
-            Return `True` if applying this completion doesn't have any effect.
-            (When it doesn't insert any new text.
-            """
-            text_before_cursor = document.text_before_cursor
-            replaced_text = text_before_cursor[
-                len(text_before_cursor) + completion.start_position :
-            ]
-            return replaced_text == completion.text
-
-        @_only_one_at_a_time
-        async def async_completer(
-            select_first: bool = False,
-            select_last: bool = False,
-            insert_common_part: bool = False,
-            complete_event: Optional[CompleteEvent] = None,
-        ) -> None:
-
-            document = self.document
-            complete_event = complete_event or CompleteEvent(text_inserted=True)
-
-            # Don't complete when we already have completions.
-            if self.complete_state or not self.completer:
-                return
-
-            # Create an empty CompletionState.
-            complete_state = CompletionState(original_document=self.document)
-            self.complete_state = complete_state
-
-            def proceed() -> bool:
-                """Keep retrieving completions. Input text has not yet changed
-                while generating completions."""
-                return self.complete_state == complete_state
-
-            async for completion in self.completer.get_completions_async(
-                document, complete_event
-            ):
-                complete_state.completions.append(completion)
-                self.on_completions_changed.fire()
-
-                # If the input text changes, abort.
-                if not proceed():
-                    break
-
-            completions = complete_state.completions
-
-            # When there is only one completion, which has nothing to add, ignore it.
-            if len(completions) == 1 and completion_does_nothing(
-                document, completions[0]
-            ):
-                del completions[:]
-
-            # Set completions if the text was not yet changed.
-            if proceed():
-                # When no completions were found, or when the user selected
-                # already a completion by using the arrow keys, don't do anything.
-                if (
-                    not self.complete_state
-                    or self.complete_state.complete_index is not None
-                ):
-                    return
-
-                # When there are no completions, reset completion state anyway.
-                if not completions:
-                    self.complete_state = None
-                    # Render the ui if the completion menu was shown
-                    # it is needed especially if there is one completion and it was deleted.
-                    self.on_completions_changed.fire()
-                    return
-
-                # Select first/last or insert common part, depending on the key
-                # binding. (For this we have to wait until all completions are
-                # loaded.)
-
-                if select_first:
-                    self.go_to_completion(0)
-
-                elif select_last:
-                    self.go_to_completion(len(completions) - 1)
-
-                elif insert_common_part:
-                    common_part = get_common_complete_suffix(document, completions)
-                    if common_part:
-                        # Insert the common part, update completions.
-                        self.insert_text(common_part)
-                        if len(completions) > 1:
-                            # (Don't call `async_completer` again, but
-                            # recalculate completions. See:
-                            # https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/9658)
-                            completions[:] = [
-                                c.new_completion_from_position(len(common_part))
-                                for c in completions
-                            ]
-
-                            self._set_completions(completions=completions)
-                        else:
-                            self.complete_state = None
-                    else:
-                        # When we were asked to insert the "common"
-                        # prefix, but there was no common suffix but
-                        # still exactly one match, then select the
-                        # first. (It could be that we have a completion
-                        # which does * expansion, like '*.py', with
-                        # exactly one match.)
-                        if len(completions) == 1:
-                            self.go_to_completion(0)
-
-            else:
-                # If the last operation was an insert, (not a delete), restart
-                # the completion coroutine.
-
-                if self.document.text_before_cursor == document.text_before_cursor:
-                    return  # Nothing changed.
-
-                if self.document.text_before_cursor.startswith(
-                    document.text_before_cursor
-                ):
-                    raise _Retry
-
-        return async_completer
-
-    def _create_auto_suggest_coroutine(self) -> Callable[[], Awaitable[None]]:
-        """
-        Create function for asynchronous auto suggestion.
-        (This can be in another thread.)
-        """
-
-        @_only_one_at_a_time
-        async def async_suggestor() -> None:
-            document = self.document
-
-            # Don't suggest when we already have a suggestion.
-            if self.suggestion or not self.auto_suggest:
-                return
-
-            suggestion = await self.auto_suggest.get_suggestion_async(self, document)
-
-            # Set suggestion only if the text was not yet changed.
-            if self.document == document:
-                # Set suggestion and redraw interface.
-                self.suggestion = suggestion
-                self.on_suggestion_set.fire()
-            else:
-                # Otherwise, restart thread.
-                raise _Retry
-
-        return async_suggestor
-
-    def _create_auto_validate_coroutine(self) -> Callable[[], Awaitable[None]]:
-        """
-        Create a function for asynchronous validation while typing.
-        (This can be in another thread.)
-        """
-
-        @_only_one_at_a_time
-        async def async_validator() -> None:
-            await self._validate_async()
-
-        return async_validator
-
-    def validate_and_handle(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Validate buffer and handle the accept action.
-        """
-        valid = self.validate(set_cursor=True)
-
-        # When the validation succeeded, accept the input.
-        if valid:
-            if self.accept_handler:
-                keep_text = self.accept_handler(self)
-            else:
-                keep_text = False
-
-            self.append_to_history()
-
-            if not keep_text:
-                self.reset()
-
-
-_T = TypeVar("_T", bound=Callable[..., Awaitable[None]])
-
-
-def _only_one_at_a_time(coroutine: _T) -> _T:
-    """
-    Decorator that only starts the coroutine only if the previous call has
-    finished. (Used to make sure that we have only one autocompleter, auto
-    suggestor and validator running at a time.)
-
-    When the coroutine raises `_Retry`, it is restarted.
-    """
-    running = False
-
-    @wraps(coroutine)
-    async def new_coroutine(*a: Any, **kw: Any) -> Any:
-        nonlocal running
-
-        # Don't start a new function, if the previous is still in progress.
-        if running:
-            return
-
-        running = True
-
-        try:
-            while True:
-                try:
-                    await coroutine(*a, **kw)
-                except _Retry:
-                    continue
-                else:
-                    return None
-        finally:
-            running = False
-
-    return cast(_T, new_coroutine)
-
-
-class _Retry(Exception):
-    "Retry in `_only_one_at_a_time`."
-
-
-def indent(buffer: Buffer, from_row: int, to_row: int, count: int = 1) -> None:
-    """
-    Indent text of a :class:`.Buffer` object.
-    """
-    current_row = buffer.document.cursor_position_row
-    line_range = range(from_row, to_row)
-
-    # Apply transformation.
-    new_text = buffer.transform_lines(line_range, lambda l: "    " * count + l)
-    buffer.document = Document(
-        new_text, Document(new_text).translate_row_col_to_index(current_row, 0)
-    )
-
-    # Go to the start of the line.
-    buffer.cursor_position += buffer.document.get_start_of_line_position(
-        after_whitespace=True
-    )
-
-
-def unindent(buffer: Buffer, from_row: int, to_row: int, count: int = 1) -> None:
-    """
-    Unindent text of a :class:`.Buffer` object.
-    """
-    current_row = buffer.document.cursor_position_row
-    line_range = range(from_row, to_row)
-
-    def transform(text: str) -> str:
-        remove = "    " * count
-        if text.startswith(remove):
-            return text[len(remove) :]
-        else:
-            return text.lstrip()
-
-    # Apply transformation.
-    new_text = buffer.transform_lines(line_range, transform)
-    buffer.document = Document(
-        new_text, Document(new_text).translate_row_col_to_index(current_row, 0)
-    )
-
-    # Go to the start of the line.
-    buffer.cursor_position += buffer.document.get_start_of_line_position(
-        after_whitespace=True
-    )
-
-
-def reshape_text(buffer: Buffer, from_row: int, to_row: int) -> None:
-    """
-    Reformat text, taking the width into account.
-    `to_row` is included.
-    (Vi 'gq' operator.)
-    """
-    lines = buffer.text.splitlines(True)
-    lines_before = lines[:from_row]
-    lines_after = lines[to_row + 1 :]
-    lines_to_reformat = lines[from_row : to_row + 1]
-
-    if lines_to_reformat:
-        # Take indentation from the first line.
-        match = re.search(r"^\s*", lines_to_reformat[0])
-        length = match.end() if match else 0  # `match` can't be None, actually.
-
-        indent = lines_to_reformat[0][:length].replace("\n", "")
-
-        # Now, take all the 'words' from the lines to be reshaped.
-        words = "".join(lines_to_reformat).split()
-
-        # And reshape.
-        width = (buffer.text_width or 80) - len(indent)
-        reshaped_text = [indent]
-        current_width = 0
-        for w in words:
-            if current_width:
-                if len(w) + current_width + 1 > width:
-                    reshaped_text.append("\n")
-                    reshaped_text.append(indent)
-                    current_width = 0
-                else:
-                    reshaped_text.append(" ")
-                    current_width += 1
-
-            reshaped_text.append(w)
-            current_width += len(w)
-
-        if reshaped_text[-1] != "\n":
-            reshaped_text.append("\n")
-
-        # Apply result.
-        buffer.document = Document(
-            text="".join(lines_before + reshaped_text + lines_after),
-            cursor_position=len("".join(lines_before + reshaped_text)),
-        )
+                                start_position=-len(current_line), 
+                                display_meta=display_meta, 
+                            ) 
+                        ) 
+ 
+        self._set_completions(completions=completions[::-1]) 
+        self.go_to_completion(0) 
+ 
+    def go_to_completion(self, index: Optional[int]) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Select a completion from the list of current completions. 
+        """ 
+        assert self.complete_state 
+ 
+        # Set new completion 
+        state = self.complete_state 
+        state.go_to_index(index) 
+ 
+        # Set text/cursor position 
+        new_text, new_cursor_position = state.new_text_and_position() 
+        self.document = Document(new_text, new_cursor_position) 
+ 
+        # (changing text/cursor position will unset complete_state.) 
+        self.complete_state = state 
+ 
+    def apply_completion(self, completion: Completion) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Insert a given completion. 
+        """ 
+        # If there was already a completion active, cancel that one. 
+        if self.complete_state: 
+            self.go_to_completion(None) 
+        self.complete_state = None 
+ 
+        # Insert text from the given completion. 
+        self.delete_before_cursor(-completion.start_position) 
+        self.insert_text(completion.text) 
+ 
+    def _set_history_search(self) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Set `history_search_text`. 
+        (The text before the cursor will be used for filtering the history.) 
+        """ 
+        if self.enable_history_search(): 
+            if self.history_search_text is None: 
+                self.history_search_text = self.document.text_before_cursor 
+        else: 
+            self.history_search_text = None 
+ 
+    def _history_matches(self, i: int) -> bool: 
+        """ 
+        True when the current entry matches the history search. 
+        (when we don't have history search, it's also True.) 
+        """ 
+        return self.history_search_text is None or self._working_lines[i].startswith( 
+            self.history_search_text 
+        ) 
+ 
+    def history_forward(self, count: int = 1) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Move forwards through the history. 
+ 
+        :param count: Amount of items to move forward. 
+        """ 
+        self._set_history_search() 
+ 
+        # Go forward in history. 
+        found_something = False 
+ 
+        for i in range(self.working_index + 1, len(self._working_lines)): 
+            if self._history_matches(i): 
+                self.working_index = i 
+                count -= 1 
+                found_something = True 
+            if count == 0: 
+                break 
+ 
+        # If we found an entry, move cursor to the end of the first line. 
+        if found_something: 
+            self.cursor_position = 0 
+            self.cursor_position += self.document.get_end_of_line_position() 
+ 
+    def history_backward(self, count: int = 1) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Move backwards through history. 
+        """ 
+        self._set_history_search() 
+ 
+        # Go back in history. 
+        found_something = False 
+ 
+        for i in range(self.working_index - 1, -1, -1): 
+            if self._history_matches(i): 
+                self.working_index = i 
+                count -= 1 
+                found_something = True 
+            if count == 0: 
+                break 
+ 
+        # If we move to another entry, move cursor to the end of the line. 
+        if found_something: 
+            self.cursor_position = len(self.text) 
+ 
+    def yank_nth_arg( 
+        self, n: Optional[int] = None, _yank_last_arg: bool = False 
+    ) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Pick nth word from previous history entry (depending on current 
+        `yank_nth_arg_state`) and insert it at current position. Rotate through 
+        history if called repeatedly. If no `n` has been given, take the first 
+        argument. (The second word.) 
+ 
+        :param n: (None or int), The index of the word from the previous line 
+            to take. 
+        """ 
+        assert n is None or isinstance(n, int) 
+        history_strings = self.history.get_strings() 
+ 
+        if not len(history_strings): 
+            return 
+ 
+        # Make sure we have a `YankNthArgState`. 
+        if self.yank_nth_arg_state is None: 
+            state = YankNthArgState(n=-1 if _yank_last_arg else 1) 
+        else: 
+            state = self.yank_nth_arg_state 
+ 
+        if n is not None: 
+            state.n = n 
+ 
+        # Get new history position. 
+        new_pos = state.history_position - 1 
+        if -new_pos > len(history_strings): 
+            new_pos = -1 
+ 
+        # Take argument from line. 
+        line = history_strings[new_pos] 
+ 
+        words = [w.strip() for w in _QUOTED_WORDS_RE.split(line)] 
+        words = [w for w in words if w] 
+        try: 
+            word = words[state.n] 
+        except IndexError: 
+            word = "" 
+ 
+        # Insert new argument. 
+        if state.previous_inserted_word: 
+            self.delete_before_cursor(len(state.previous_inserted_word)) 
+        self.insert_text(word) 
+ 
+        # Save state again for next completion. (Note that the 'insert' 
+        # operation from above clears `self.yank_nth_arg_state`.) 
+        state.previous_inserted_word = word 
+        state.history_position = new_pos 
+        self.yank_nth_arg_state = state 
+ 
+    def yank_last_arg(self, n: Optional[int] = None) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Like `yank_nth_arg`, but if no argument has been given, yank the last 
+        word by default. 
+        """ 
+        self.yank_nth_arg(n=n, _yank_last_arg=True) 
+ 
+    def start_selection( 
+        self, selection_type: SelectionType = SelectionType.CHARACTERS 
+    ) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Take the current cursor position as the start of this selection. 
+        """ 
+        self.selection_state = SelectionState(self.cursor_position, selection_type) 
+ 
+    def copy_selection(self, _cut: bool = False) -> ClipboardData: 
+        """ 
+        Copy selected text and return :class:`.ClipboardData` instance. 
+ 
+        Notice that this doesn't store the copied data on the clipboard yet. 
+        You can store it like this: 
+ 
+        .. code:: python 
+ 
+            data = buffer.copy_selection() 
+            get_app().clipboard.set_data(data) 
+        """ 
+        new_document, clipboard_data = self.document.cut_selection() 
+        if _cut: 
+            self.document = new_document 
+ 
+        self.selection_state = None 
+        return clipboard_data 
+ 
+    def cut_selection(self) -> ClipboardData: 
+        """ 
+        Delete selected text and return :class:`.ClipboardData` instance. 
+        """ 
+        return self.copy_selection(_cut=True) 
+ 
+    def paste_clipboard_data( 
+        self, 
+        data: ClipboardData, 
+        paste_mode: PasteMode = PasteMode.EMACS, 
+        count: int = 1, 
+    ) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Insert the data from the clipboard. 
+        """ 
+        assert isinstance(data, ClipboardData) 
+        assert paste_mode in (PasteMode.VI_BEFORE, PasteMode.VI_AFTER, PasteMode.EMACS) 
+ 
+        original_document = self.document 
+        self.document = self.document.paste_clipboard_data( 
+            data, paste_mode=paste_mode, count=count 
+        ) 
+ 
+        # Remember original document. This assignment should come at the end, 
+        # because assigning to 'document' will erase it. 
+        self.document_before_paste = original_document 
+ 
+    def newline(self, copy_margin: bool = True) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Insert a line ending at the current position. 
+        """ 
+        if copy_margin: 
+            self.insert_text("\n" + self.document.leading_whitespace_in_current_line) 
+        else: 
+            self.insert_text("\n") 
+ 
+    def insert_line_above(self, copy_margin: bool = True) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Insert a new line above the current one. 
+        """ 
+        if copy_margin: 
+            insert = self.document.leading_whitespace_in_current_line + "\n" 
+        else: 
+            insert = "\n" 
+ 
+        self.cursor_position += self.document.get_start_of_line_position() 
+        self.insert_text(insert) 
+        self.cursor_position -= 1 
+ 
+    def insert_line_below(self, copy_margin: bool = True) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Insert a new line below the current one. 
+        """ 
+        if copy_margin: 
+            insert = "\n" + self.document.leading_whitespace_in_current_line 
+        else: 
+            insert = "\n" 
+ 
+        self.cursor_position += self.document.get_end_of_line_position() 
+        self.insert_text(insert) 
+ 
+    def insert_text( 
+        self, 
+        data: str, 
+        overwrite: bool = False, 
+        move_cursor: bool = True, 
+        fire_event: bool = True, 
+    ) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Insert characters at cursor position. 
+ 
+        :param fire_event: Fire `on_text_insert` event. This is mainly used to 
+            trigger autocompletion while typing. 
+        """ 
+        # Original text & cursor position. 
+        otext = self.text 
+        ocpos = self.cursor_position 
+ 
+        # In insert/text mode. 
+        if overwrite: 
+            # Don't overwrite the newline itself. Just before the line ending, 
+            # it should act like insert mode. 
+            overwritten_text = otext[ocpos : ocpos + len(data)] 
+            if "\n" in overwritten_text: 
+                overwritten_text = overwritten_text[: overwritten_text.find("\n")] 
+ 
+            text = otext[:ocpos] + data + otext[ocpos + len(overwritten_text) :] 
+        else: 
+            text = otext[:ocpos] + data + otext[ocpos:] 
+ 
+        if move_cursor: 
+            cpos = self.cursor_position + len(data) 
+        else: 
+            cpos = self.cursor_position 
+ 
+        # Set new document. 
+        # (Set text and cursor position at the same time. Otherwise, setting 
+        # the text will fire a change event before the cursor position has been 
+        # set. It works better to have this atomic.) 
+        self.document = Document(text, cpos) 
+ 
+        # Fire 'on_text_insert' event. 
+        if fire_event:  # XXX: rename to `start_complete`. 
+            self.on_text_insert.fire() 
+ 
+            # Only complete when "complete_while_typing" is enabled. 
+            if self.completer and self.complete_while_typing(): 
+                get_app().create_background_task(self._async_completer()) 
+ 
+            # Call auto_suggest. 
+            if self.auto_suggest: 
+                get_app().create_background_task(self._async_suggester()) 
+ 
+    def undo(self) -> None: 
+        # Pop from the undo-stack until we find a text that if different from 
+        # the current text. (The current logic of `save_to_undo_stack` will 
+        # cause that the top of the undo stack is usually the same as the 
+        # current text, so in that case we have to pop twice.) 
+        while self._undo_stack: 
+            text, pos = self._undo_stack.pop() 
+ 
+            if text != self.text: 
+                # Push current text to redo stack. 
+                self._redo_stack.append((self.text, self.cursor_position)) 
+ 
+                # Set new text/cursor_position. 
+                self.document = Document(text, cursor_position=pos) 
+                break 
+ 
+    def redo(self) -> None: 
+        if self._redo_stack: 
+            # Copy current state on undo stack. 
+            self.save_to_undo_stack(clear_redo_stack=False) 
+ 
+            # Pop state from redo stack. 
+            text, pos = self._redo_stack.pop() 
+            self.document = Document(text, cursor_position=pos) 
+ 
+    def validate(self, set_cursor: bool = False) -> bool: 
+        """ 
+        Returns `True` if valid. 
+ 
+        :param set_cursor: Set the cursor position, if an error was found. 
+        """ 
+        # Don't call the validator again, if it was already called for the 
+        # current input. 
+        if self.validation_state != ValidationState.UNKNOWN: 
+            return self.validation_state == ValidationState.VALID 
+ 
+        # Call validator. 
+        if self.validator: 
+            try: 
+                self.validator.validate(self.document) 
+            except ValidationError as e: 
+                # Set cursor position (don't allow invalid values.) 
+                if set_cursor: 
+                    self.cursor_position = min( 
+                        max(0, e.cursor_position), len(self.text) 
+                    ) 
+ 
+                self.validation_state = ValidationState.INVALID 
+                self.validation_error = e 
+                return False 
+ 
+        # Handle validation result. 
+        self.validation_state = ValidationState.VALID 
+        self.validation_error = None 
+        return True 
+ 
+    async def _validate_async(self) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Asynchronous version of `validate()`. 
+        This one doesn't set the cursor position. 
+ 
+        We have both variants, because a synchronous version is required. 
+        Handling the ENTER key needs to be completely synchronous, otherwise 
+        stuff like type-ahead is going to give very weird results. (People 
+        could type input while the ENTER key is still processed.) 
+ 
+        An asynchronous version is required if we have `validate_while_typing` 
+        enabled. 
+        """ 
+        while True: 
+            # Don't call the validator again, if it was already called for the 
+            # current input. 
+            if self.validation_state != ValidationState.UNKNOWN: 
+                return 
+ 
+            # Call validator. 
+            error = None 
+            document = self.document 
+ 
+            if self.validator: 
+                try: 
+                    await self.validator.validate_async(self.document) 
+                except ValidationError as e: 
+                    error = e 
+ 
+                # If the document changed during the validation, try again. 
+                if self.document != document: 
+                    continue 
+ 
+            # Handle validation result. 
+            if error: 
+                self.validation_state = ValidationState.INVALID 
+            else: 
+                self.validation_state = ValidationState.VALID 
+ 
+            self.validation_error = error 
+            get_app().invalidate()  # Trigger redraw (display error). 
+ 
+    def append_to_history(self) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Append the current input to the history. 
+        """ 
+        # Save at the tail of the history. (But don't if the last entry the 
+        # history is already the same.) 
+        if self.text: 
+            history_strings = self.history.get_strings() 
+            if not len(history_strings) or history_strings[-1] != self.text: 
+                self.history.append_string(self.text) 
+ 
+    def _search( 
+        self, 
+        search_state: SearchState, 
+        include_current_position: bool = False, 
+        count: int = 1, 
+    ) -> Optional[Tuple[int, int]]: 
+        """ 
+        Execute search. Return (working_index, cursor_position) tuple when this 
+        search is applied. Returns `None` when this text cannot be found. 
+        """ 
+        assert count > 0 
+ 
+        text = search_state.text 
+        direction = search_state.direction 
+        ignore_case = search_state.ignore_case() 
+ 
+        def search_once( 
+            working_index: int, document: Document 
+        ) -> Optional[Tuple[int, Document]]: 
+            """ 
+            Do search one time. 
+            Return (working_index, document) or `None` 
+            """ 
+            if direction == SearchDirection.FORWARD: 
+                # Try find at the current input. 
+                new_index = document.find( 
+                    text, 
+                    include_current_position=include_current_position, 
+                    ignore_case=ignore_case, 
+                ) 
+ 
+                if new_index is not None: 
+                    return ( 
+                        working_index, 
+                        Document(document.text, document.cursor_position + new_index), 
+                    ) 
+                else: 
+                    # No match, go forward in the history. (Include len+1 to wrap around.) 
+                    # (Here we should always include all cursor positions, because 
+                    # it's a different line.) 
+                    for i in range(working_index + 1, len(self._working_lines) + 1): 
+                        i %= len(self._working_lines) 
+ 
+                        document = Document(self._working_lines[i], 0) 
+                        new_index = document.find( 
+                            text, include_current_position=True, ignore_case=ignore_case 
+                        ) 
+                        if new_index is not None: 
+                            return (i, Document(document.text, new_index)) 
+            else: 
+                # Try find at the current input. 
+                new_index = document.find_backwards(text, ignore_case=ignore_case) 
+ 
+                if new_index is not None: 
+                    return ( 
+                        working_index, 
+                        Document(document.text, document.cursor_position + new_index), 
+                    ) 
+                else: 
+                    # No match, go back in the history. (Include -1 to wrap around.) 
+                    for i in range(working_index - 1, -2, -1): 
+                        i %= len(self._working_lines) 
+ 
+                        document = Document( 
+                            self._working_lines[i], len(self._working_lines[i]) 
+                        ) 
+                        new_index = document.find_backwards( 
+                            text, ignore_case=ignore_case 
+                        ) 
+                        if new_index is not None: 
+                            return ( 
+                                i, 
+                                Document(document.text, len(document.text) + new_index), 
+                            ) 
+            return None 
+ 
+        # Do 'count' search iterations. 
+        working_index = self.working_index 
+        document = self.document 
+        for _ in range(count): 
+            result = search_once(working_index, document) 
+            if result is None: 
+                return None  # Nothing found. 
+            else: 
+                working_index, document = result 
+ 
+        return (working_index, document.cursor_position) 
+ 
+    def document_for_search(self, search_state: SearchState) -> Document: 
+        """ 
+        Return a :class:`~prompt_toolkit.document.Document` instance that has 
+        the text/cursor position for this search, if we would apply it. This 
+        will be used in the 
+        :class:`~prompt_toolkit.layout.BufferControl` to display feedback while 
+        searching. 
+        """ 
+        search_result = self._search(search_state, include_current_position=True) 
+ 
+        if search_result is None: 
+            return self.document 
+        else: 
+            working_index, cursor_position = search_result 
+ 
+            # Keep selection, when `working_index` was not changed. 
+            if working_index == self.working_index: 
+                selection = self.selection_state 
+            else: 
+                selection = None 
+ 
+            return Document( 
+                self._working_lines[working_index], cursor_position, selection=selection 
+            ) 
+ 
+    def get_search_position( 
+        self, 
+        search_state: SearchState, 
+        include_current_position: bool = True, 
+        count: int = 1, 
+    ) -> int: 
+        """ 
+        Get the cursor position for this search. 
+        (This operation won't change the `working_index`. It's won't go through 
+        the history. Vi text objects can't span multiple items.) 
+        """ 
+        search_result = self._search( 
+            search_state, include_current_position=include_current_position, count=count 
+        ) 
+ 
+        if search_result is None: 
+            return self.cursor_position 
+        else: 
+            working_index, cursor_position = search_result 
+            return cursor_position 
+ 
+    def apply_search( 
+        self, 
+        search_state: SearchState, 
+        include_current_position: bool = True, 
+        count: int = 1, 
+    ) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Apply search. If something is found, set `working_index` and 
+        `cursor_position`. 
+        """ 
+        search_result = self._search( 
+            search_state, include_current_position=include_current_position, count=count 
+        ) 
+ 
+        if search_result is not None: 
+            working_index, cursor_position = search_result 
+            self.working_index = working_index 
+            self.cursor_position = cursor_position 
+ 
+    def exit_selection(self) -> None: 
+        self.selection_state = None 
+ 
+    def _editor_simple_tempfile(self) -> Tuple[str, Callable[[], None]]: 
+        """ 
+        Simple (file) tempfile implementation. 
+        Return (tempfile, cleanup_func). 
+        """ 
+        suffix = to_str(self.tempfile_suffix) 
+        descriptor, filename = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix) 
+ 
+        os.write(descriptor, self.text.encode("utf-8")) 
+        os.close(descriptor) 
+ 
+        def cleanup() -> None: 
+            os.unlink(filename) 
+ 
+        return filename, cleanup 
+ 
+    def _editor_complex_tempfile(self) -> Tuple[str, Callable[[], None]]: 
+        # Complex (directory) tempfile implementation. 
+        headtail = to_str(self.tempfile) 
+        if not headtail: 
+            # Revert to simple case. 
+            return self._editor_simple_tempfile() 
+        headtail = str(headtail) 
+ 
+        # Try to make according to tempfile logic. 
+        head, tail = os.path.split(headtail) 
+        if os.path.isabs(head): 
+            head = head[1:] 
+ 
+        dirpath = tempfile.mkdtemp() 
+        if head: 
+            dirpath = os.path.join(dirpath, head) 
+        # Assume there is no issue creating dirs in this temp dir. 
+        os.makedirs(dirpath) 
+ 
+        # Open the filename and write current text. 
+        filename = os.path.join(dirpath, tail) 
+        with open(filename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as fh: 
+            fh.write(self.text) 
+ 
+        def cleanup() -> None: 
+            shutil.rmtree(dirpath) 
+ 
+        return filename, cleanup 
+ 
+    def open_in_editor(self, validate_and_handle: bool = False) -> "asyncio.Task[None]": 
+        """ 
+        Open code in editor. 
+ 
+        This returns a future, and runs in a thread executor. 
+        """ 
+        if self.read_only(): 
+            raise EditReadOnlyBuffer() 
+ 
+        # Write current text to temporary file 
+        if self.tempfile: 
+            filename, cleanup_func = self._editor_complex_tempfile() 
+        else: 
+            filename, cleanup_func = self._editor_simple_tempfile() 
+ 
+        async def run() -> None: 
+            try: 
+                # Open in editor 
+                # (We need to use `run_in_terminal`, because not all editors go to 
+                # the alternate screen buffer, and some could influence the cursor 
+                # position.) 
+                succes = await run_in_terminal( 
+                    lambda: self._open_file_in_editor(filename), in_executor=True 
+                ) 
+ 
+                # Read content again. 
+                if succes: 
+                    with open(filename, "rb") as f: 
+                        text = f.read().decode("utf-8") 
+ 
+                        # Drop trailing newline. (Editors are supposed to add it at the 
+                        # end, but we don't need it.) 
+                        if text.endswith("\n"): 
+                            text = text[:-1] 
+ 
+                        self.document = Document(text=text, cursor_position=len(text)) 
+ 
+                    # Accept the input. 
+                    if validate_and_handle: 
+                        self.validate_and_handle() 
+ 
+            finally: 
+                # Clean up temp dir/file. 
+                cleanup_func() 
+ 
+        return get_app().create_background_task(run()) 
+ 
+    def _open_file_in_editor(self, filename: str) -> bool: 
+        """ 
+        Call editor executable. 
+ 
+        Return True when we received a zero return code. 
+        """ 
+        # If the 'VISUAL' or 'EDITOR' environment variable has been set, use that. 
+        # Otherwise, fall back to the first available editor that we can find. 
+        visual = os.environ.get("VISUAL") 
+        editor = os.environ.get("EDITOR") 
+ 
+        editors = [ 
+            visual, 
+            editor, 
+            # Order of preference. 
+            "/usr/bin/editor", 
+            "/usr/bin/nano", 
+            "/usr/bin/pico", 
+            "/usr/bin/vi", 
+            "/usr/bin/emacs", 
+        ] 
+ 
+        for e in editors: 
+            if e: 
+                try: 
+                    # Use 'shlex.split()', because $VISUAL can contain spaces 
+                    # and quotes. 
+                    returncode = subprocess.call(shlex.split(e) + [filename]) 
+                    return returncode == 0 
+ 
+                except OSError: 
+                    # Executable does not exist, try the next one. 
+                    pass 
+ 
+        return False 
+ 
+    def start_completion( 
+        self, 
+        select_first: bool = False, 
+        select_last: bool = False, 
+        insert_common_part: bool = False, 
+        complete_event: Optional[CompleteEvent] = None, 
+    ) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Start asynchronous autocompletion of this buffer. 
+        (This will do nothing if a previous completion was still in progress.) 
+        """ 
+        # Only one of these options can be selected. 
+        assert select_first + select_last + insert_common_part <= 1 
+ 
+        get_app().create_background_task( 
+            self._async_completer( 
+                select_first=select_first, 
+                select_last=select_last, 
+                insert_common_part=insert_common_part, 
+                complete_event=complete_event 
+                or CompleteEvent(completion_requested=True), 
+            ) 
+        ) 
+ 
+    def _create_completer_coroutine(self) -> Callable[..., Awaitable[None]]: 
+        """ 
+        Create function for asynchronous autocompletion. 
+ 
+        (This consumes the asynchronous completer generator, which possibly 
+        runs the completion algorithm in another thread.) 
+        """ 
+ 
+        def completion_does_nothing(document: Document, completion: Completion) -> bool: 
+            """ 
+            Return `True` if applying this completion doesn't have any effect. 
+            (When it doesn't insert any new text. 
+            """ 
+            text_before_cursor = document.text_before_cursor 
+            replaced_text = text_before_cursor[ 
+                len(text_before_cursor) + completion.start_position : 
+            ] 
+            return replaced_text == completion.text 
+ 
+        @_only_one_at_a_time 
+        async def async_completer( 
+            select_first: bool = False, 
+            select_last: bool = False, 
+            insert_common_part: bool = False, 
+            complete_event: Optional[CompleteEvent] = None, 
+        ) -> None: 
+ 
+            document = self.document 
+            complete_event = complete_event or CompleteEvent(text_inserted=True) 
+ 
+            # Don't complete when we already have completions. 
+            if self.complete_state or not self.completer: 
+                return 
+ 
+            # Create an empty CompletionState. 
+            complete_state = CompletionState(original_document=self.document) 
+            self.complete_state = complete_state 
+ 
+            def proceed() -> bool: 
+                """Keep retrieving completions. Input text has not yet changed 
+                while generating completions.""" 
+                return self.complete_state == complete_state 
+ 
+            async for completion in self.completer.get_completions_async( 
+                document, complete_event 
+            ): 
+                complete_state.completions.append(completion) 
+                self.on_completions_changed.fire() 
+ 
+                # If the input text changes, abort. 
+                if not proceed(): 
+                    break 
+ 
+            completions = complete_state.completions 
+ 
+            # When there is only one completion, which has nothing to add, ignore it. 
+            if len(completions) == 1 and completion_does_nothing( 
+                document, completions[0] 
+            ): 
+                del completions[:] 
+ 
+            # Set completions if the text was not yet changed. 
+            if proceed(): 
+                # When no completions were found, or when the user selected 
+                # already a completion by using the arrow keys, don't do anything. 
+                if ( 
+                    not self.complete_state 
+                    or self.complete_state.complete_index is not None 
+                ): 
+                    return 
+ 
+                # When there are no completions, reset completion state anyway. 
+                if not completions: 
+                    self.complete_state = None 
+                    # Render the ui if the completion menu was shown 
+                    # it is needed especially if there is one completion and it was deleted. 
+                    self.on_completions_changed.fire() 
+                    return 
+ 
+                # Select first/last or insert common part, depending on the key 
+                # binding. (For this we have to wait until all completions are 
+                # loaded.) 
+ 
+                if select_first: 
+                    self.go_to_completion(0) 
+ 
+                elif select_last: 
+                    self.go_to_completion(len(completions) - 1) 
+ 
+                elif insert_common_part: 
+                    common_part = get_common_complete_suffix(document, completions) 
+                    if common_part: 
+                        # Insert the common part, update completions. 
+                        self.insert_text(common_part) 
+                        if len(completions) > 1: 
+                            # (Don't call `async_completer` again, but 
+                            # recalculate completions. See: 
+                            # https://github.com/ipython/ipython/issues/9658) 
+                            completions[:] = [ 
+                                c.new_completion_from_position(len(common_part)) 
+                                for c in completions 
+                            ] 
+ 
+                            self._set_completions(completions=completions) 
+                        else: 
+                            self.complete_state = None 
+                    else: 
+                        # When we were asked to insert the "common" 
+                        # prefix, but there was no common suffix but 
+                        # still exactly one match, then select the 
+                        # first. (It could be that we have a completion 
+                        # which does * expansion, like '*.py', with 
+                        # exactly one match.) 
+                        if len(completions) == 1: 
+                            self.go_to_completion(0) 
+ 
+            else: 
+                # If the last operation was an insert, (not a delete), restart 
+                # the completion coroutine. 
+ 
+                if self.document.text_before_cursor == document.text_before_cursor: 
+                    return  # Nothing changed. 
+ 
+                if self.document.text_before_cursor.startswith( 
+                    document.text_before_cursor 
+                ): 
+                    raise _Retry 
+ 
+        return async_completer 
+ 
+    def _create_auto_suggest_coroutine(self) -> Callable[[], Awaitable[None]]: 
+        """ 
+        Create function for asynchronous auto suggestion. 
+        (This can be in another thread.) 
+        """ 
+ 
+        @_only_one_at_a_time 
+        async def async_suggestor() -> None: 
+            document = self.document 
+ 
+            # Don't suggest when we already have a suggestion. 
+            if self.suggestion or not self.auto_suggest: 
+                return 
+ 
+            suggestion = await self.auto_suggest.get_suggestion_async(self, document) 
+ 
+            # Set suggestion only if the text was not yet changed. 
+            if self.document == document: 
+                # Set suggestion and redraw interface. 
+                self.suggestion = suggestion 
+                self.on_suggestion_set.fire() 
+            else: 
+                # Otherwise, restart thread. 
+                raise _Retry 
+ 
+        return async_suggestor 
+ 
+    def _create_auto_validate_coroutine(self) -> Callable[[], Awaitable[None]]: 
+        """ 
+        Create a function for asynchronous validation while typing. 
+        (This can be in another thread.) 
+        """ 
+ 
+        @_only_one_at_a_time 
+        async def async_validator() -> None: 
+            await self._validate_async() 
+ 
+        return async_validator 
+ 
+    def validate_and_handle(self) -> None: 
+        """ 
+        Validate buffer and handle the accept action. 
+        """ 
+        valid = self.validate(set_cursor=True) 
+ 
+        # When the validation succeeded, accept the input. 
+        if valid: 
+            if self.accept_handler: 
+                keep_text = self.accept_handler(self) 
+            else: 
+                keep_text = False 
+ 
+            self.append_to_history() 
+ 
+            if not keep_text: 
+                self.reset() 
+ 
+ 
+_T = TypeVar("_T", bound=Callable[..., Awaitable[None]]) 
+ 
+ 
+def _only_one_at_a_time(coroutine: _T) -> _T: 
+    """ 
+    Decorator that only starts the coroutine only if the previous call has 
+    finished. (Used to make sure that we have only one autocompleter, auto 
+    suggestor and validator running at a time.) 
+ 
+    When the coroutine raises `_Retry`, it is restarted. 
+    """ 
+    running = False 
+ 
+    @wraps(coroutine) 
+    async def new_coroutine(*a: Any, **kw: Any) -> Any: 
+        nonlocal running 
+ 
+        # Don't start a new function, if the previous is still in progress. 
+        if running: 
+            return 
+ 
+        running = True 
+ 
+        try: 
+            while True: 
+                try: 
+                    await coroutine(*a, **kw) 
+                except _Retry: 
+                    continue 
+                else: 
+                    return None 
+        finally: 
+            running = False 
+ 
+    return cast(_T, new_coroutine) 
+ 
+ 
+class _Retry(Exception): 
+    "Retry in `_only_one_at_a_time`." 
+ 
+ 
+def indent(buffer: Buffer, from_row: int, to_row: int, count: int = 1) -> None: 
+    """ 
+    Indent text of a :class:`.Buffer` object. 
+    """ 
+    current_row = buffer.document.cursor_position_row 
+    line_range = range(from_row, to_row) 
+ 
+    # Apply transformation. 
+    new_text = buffer.transform_lines(line_range, lambda l: "    " * count + l) 
+    buffer.document = Document( 
+        new_text, Document(new_text).translate_row_col_to_index(current_row, 0) 
+    ) 
+ 
+    # Go to the start of the line. 
+    buffer.cursor_position += buffer.document.get_start_of_line_position( 
+        after_whitespace=True 
+    ) 
+ 
+ 
+def unindent(buffer: Buffer, from_row: int, to_row: int, count: int = 1) -> None: 
+    """ 
+    Unindent text of a :class:`.Buffer` object. 
+    """ 
+    current_row = buffer.document.cursor_position_row 
+    line_range = range(from_row, to_row) 
+ 
+    def transform(text: str) -> str: 
+        remove = "    " * count 
+        if text.startswith(remove): 
+            return text[len(remove) :] 
+        else: 
+            return text.lstrip() 
+ 
+    # Apply transformation. 
+    new_text = buffer.transform_lines(line_range, transform) 
+    buffer.document = Document( 
+        new_text, Document(new_text).translate_row_col_to_index(current_row, 0) 
+    ) 
+ 
+    # Go to the start of the line. 
+    buffer.cursor_position += buffer.document.get_start_of_line_position( 
+        after_whitespace=True 
+    ) 
+ 
+ 
+def reshape_text(buffer: Buffer, from_row: int, to_row: int) -> None: 
+    """ 
+    Reformat text, taking the width into account. 
+    `to_row` is included. 
+    (Vi 'gq' operator.) 
+    """ 
+    lines = buffer.text.splitlines(True) 
+    lines_before = lines[:from_row] 
+    lines_after = lines[to_row + 1 :] 
+    lines_to_reformat = lines[from_row : to_row + 1] 
+ 
+    if lines_to_reformat: 
+        # Take indentation from the first line. 
+        match = re.search(r"^\s*", lines_to_reformat[0]) 
+        length = match.end() if match else 0  # `match` can't be None, actually. 
+ 
+        indent = lines_to_reformat[0][:length].replace("\n", "") 
+ 
+        # Now, take all the 'words' from the lines to be reshaped. 
+        words = "".join(lines_to_reformat).split() 
+ 
+        # And reshape. 
+        width = (buffer.text_width or 80) - len(indent) 
+        reshaped_text = [indent] 
+        current_width = 0 
+        for w in words: 
+            if current_width: 
+                if len(w) + current_width + 1 > width: 
+                    reshaped_text.append("\n") 
+                    reshaped_text.append(indent) 
+                    current_width = 0 
+                else: 
+                    reshaped_text.append(" ") 
+                    current_width += 1 
+ 
+            reshaped_text.append(w) 
+            current_width += len(w) 
+ 
+        if reshaped_text[-1] != "\n": 
+            reshaped_text.append("\n") 
+ 
+        # Apply result. 
+        buffer.document = Document( 
+            text="".join(lines_before + reshaped_text + lines_after), 
+            cursor_position=len("".join(lines_before + reshaped_text)), 
+        )