KIKIMR-19287: add task_stats_drawing script

1 files changed, 840 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/contrib/python/matplotlib/py3/src/ft2font.cpp b/contrib/python/matplotlib/py3/src/ft2font.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9750413741
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/python/matplotlib/py3/src/ft2font.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,840 @@
+/* -*- mode: c++; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
+
+#define NO_IMPORT_ARRAY
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "ft2font.h"
+#include "mplutils.h"
+#include "numpy_cpp.h"
+#include "py_exceptions.h"
+
+#ifndef M_PI
+#define M_PI 3.14159265358979323846264338328
+#endif
+
+/**
+ To improve the hinting of the fonts, this code uses a hack
+ presented here:
+
+ http://agg.sourceforge.net/antigrain.com/research/font_rasterization/index.html
+
+ The idea is to limit the effect of hinting in the x-direction, while
+ preserving hinting in the y-direction.  Since freetype does not
+ support this directly, the dpi in the x-direction is set higher than
+ in the y-direction, which affects the hinting grid.  Then, a global
+ transform is placed on the font to shrink it back to the desired
+ size.  While it is a bit surprising that the dpi setting affects
+ hinting, whereas the global transform does not, this is documented
+ behavior of FreeType, and therefore hopefully unlikely to change.
+ The FreeType 2 tutorial says:
+
+      NOTE: The transformation is applied to every glyph that is
+      loaded through FT_Load_Glyph and is completely independent of
+      any hinting process. This means that you won't get the same
+      results if you load a glyph at the size of 24 pixels, or a glyph
+      at the size at 12 pixels scaled by 2 through a transform,
+      because the hints will have been computed differently (except
+      you have disabled hints).
+ */
+
+FT_Library _ft2Library;
+
+// FreeType error codes; loaded as per fterror.h.
+static char const* ft_error_string(FT_Error error) {
+#undef __FTERRORS_H__
+#define FT_ERROR_START_LIST     switch (error) {
+#define FT_ERRORDEF( e, v, s )    case v: return s;
+#define FT_ERROR_END_LIST         default: return NULL; }
+#include FT_ERRORS_H
+}
+
+void throw_ft_error(std::string message, FT_Error error) {
+    char const* s = ft_error_string(error);
+    std::ostringstream os("");
+    if (s) {
+        os << message << " (" << s << "; error code 0x" << std::hex << error << ")";
+    } else {  // Should not occur, but don't add another error from failed lookup.
+        os << message << " (error code 0x" << std::hex << error << ")";
+    }
+    throw std::runtime_error(os.str());
+}
+
+FT2Image::FT2Image() : m_dirty(true), m_buffer(NULL), m_width(0), m_height(0)
+{
+}
+
+FT2Image::FT2Image(unsigned long width, unsigned long height)
+    : m_dirty(true), m_buffer(NULL), m_width(0), m_height(0)
+{
+    resize(width, height);
+}
+
+FT2Image::~FT2Image()
+{
+    delete[] m_buffer;
+}
+
+void FT2Image::resize(long width, long height)
+{
+    if (width <= 0) {
+        width = 1;
+    }
+    if (height <= 0) {
+        height = 1;
+    }
+    size_t numBytes = width * height;
+
+    if ((unsigned long)width != m_width || (unsigned long)height != m_height) {
+        if (numBytes > m_width * m_height) {
+            delete[] m_buffer;
+            m_buffer = NULL;
+            m_buffer = new unsigned char[numBytes];
+        }
+
+        m_width = (unsigned long)width;
+        m_height = (unsigned long)height;
+    }
+
+    if (numBytes && m_buffer) {
+        memset(m_buffer, 0, numBytes);
+    }
+
+    m_dirty = true;
+}
+
+void FT2Image::draw_bitmap(FT_Bitmap *bitmap, FT_Int x, FT_Int y)
+{
+    FT_Int image_width = (FT_Int)m_width;
+    FT_Int image_height = (FT_Int)m_height;
+    FT_Int char_width = bitmap->width;
+    FT_Int char_height = bitmap->rows;
+
+    FT_Int x1 = std::min(std::max(x, 0), image_width);
+    FT_Int y1 = std::min(std::max(y, 0), image_height);
+    FT_Int x2 = std::min(std::max(x + char_width, 0), image_width);
+    FT_Int y2 = std::min(std::max(y + char_height, 0), image_height);
+
+    FT_Int x_start = std::max(0, -x);
+    FT_Int y_offset = y1 - std::max(0, -y);
+
+    if (bitmap->pixel_mode == FT_PIXEL_MODE_GRAY) {
+        for (FT_Int i = y1; i < y2; ++i) {
+            unsigned char *dst = m_buffer + (i * image_width + x1);
+            unsigned char *src = bitmap->buffer + (((i - y_offset) * bitmap->pitch) + x_start);
+            for (FT_Int j = x1; j < x2; ++j, ++dst, ++src)
+                *dst |= *src;
+        }
+    } else if (bitmap->pixel_mode == FT_PIXEL_MODE_MONO) {
+        for (FT_Int i = y1; i < y2; ++i) {
+            unsigned char *dst = m_buffer + (i * image_width + x1);
+            unsigned char *src = bitmap->buffer + ((i - y_offset) * bitmap->pitch);
+            for (FT_Int j = x1; j < x2; ++j, ++dst) {
+                int x = (j - x1 + x_start);
+                int val = *(src + (x >> 3)) & (1 << (7 - (x & 0x7)));
+                *dst = val ? 255 : *dst;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unknown pixel mode");
+    }
+
+    m_dirty = true;
+}
+
+void FT2Image::draw_rect(unsigned long x0, unsigned long y0, unsigned long x1, unsigned long y1)
+{
+    if (x0 > m_width || x1 > m_width || y0 > m_height || y1 > m_height) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Rect coords outside image bounds");
+    }
+
+    size_t top = y0 * m_width;
+    size_t bottom = y1 * m_width;
+    for (size_t i = x0; i < x1 + 1; ++i) {
+        m_buffer[i + top] = 255;
+        m_buffer[i + bottom] = 255;
+    }
+
+    for (size_t j = y0 + 1; j < y1; ++j) {
+        m_buffer[x0 + j * m_width] = 255;
+        m_buffer[x1 + j * m_width] = 255;
+    }
+
+    m_dirty = true;
+}
+
+void
+FT2Image::draw_rect_filled(unsigned long x0, unsigned long y0, unsigned long x1, unsigned long y1)
+{
+    x0 = std::min(x0, m_width);
+    y0 = std::min(y0, m_height);
+    x1 = std::min(x1 + 1, m_width);
+    y1 = std::min(y1 + 1, m_height);
+
+    for (size_t j = y0; j < y1; j++) {
+        for (size_t i = x0; i < x1; i++) {
+            m_buffer[i + j * m_width] = 255;
+        }
+    }
+
+    m_dirty = true;
+}
+
+static void ft_glyph_warn(FT_ULong charcode)
+{
+    PyObject *text_helpers = NULL, *tmp = NULL;
+    if (!(text_helpers = PyImport_ImportModule("matplotlib._text_helpers")) ||
+        !(tmp = PyObject_CallMethod(text_helpers, "warn_on_missing_glyph", "k", charcode))) {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+exit:
+    Py_XDECREF(text_helpers);
+    Py_XDECREF(tmp);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        throw py::exception();
+    }
+}
+
+static FT_UInt
+ft_get_char_index_or_warn(FT_Face face, FT_ULong charcode, bool warn = true)
+{
+    FT_UInt glyph_index = FT_Get_Char_Index(face, charcode);
+    if (glyph_index) {
+        return glyph_index;
+    }
+    if (warn) {
+        ft_glyph_warn(charcode);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// ft_outline_decomposer should be passed to FT_Outline_Decompose.  On the
+// first pass, vertices and codes are set to NULL, and index is simply
+// incremented for each vertex that should be inserted, so that it is set, at
+// the end, to the total number of vertices.  On a second pass, vertices and
+// codes should point to correctly sized arrays, and index set again to zero,
+// to get fill vertices and codes with the outline decomposition.
+struct ft_outline_decomposer
+{
+    int index;
+    double* vertices;
+    unsigned char* codes;
+};
+
+static int
+ft_outline_move_to(FT_Vector const* to, void* user)
+{
+    ft_outline_decomposer* d = reinterpret_cast<ft_outline_decomposer*>(user);
+    if (d->codes) {
+        if (d->index) {
+            // Appending CLOSEPOLY is important to make patheffects work.
+            *(d->vertices++) = 0;
+            *(d->vertices++) = 0;
+            *(d->codes++) = CLOSEPOLY;
+        }
+        *(d->vertices++) = to->x * (1. / 64.);
+        *(d->vertices++) = to->y * (1. / 64.);
+        *(d->codes++) = MOVETO;
+    }
+    d->index += d->index ? 2 : 1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+ft_outline_line_to(FT_Vector const* to, void* user)
+{
+    ft_outline_decomposer* d = reinterpret_cast<ft_outline_decomposer*>(user);
+    if (d->codes) {
+        *(d->vertices++) = to->x * (1. / 64.);
+        *(d->vertices++) = to->y * (1. / 64.);
+        *(d->codes++) = LINETO;
+    }
+    d->index++;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+ft_outline_conic_to(FT_Vector const* control, FT_Vector const* to, void* user)
+{
+    ft_outline_decomposer* d = reinterpret_cast<ft_outline_decomposer*>(user);
+    if (d->codes) {
+        *(d->vertices++) = control->x * (1. / 64.);
+        *(d->vertices++) = control->y * (1. / 64.);
+        *(d->vertices++) = to->x * (1. / 64.);
+        *(d->vertices++) = to->y * (1. / 64.);
+        *(d->codes++) = CURVE3;
+        *(d->codes++) = CURVE3;
+    }
+    d->index += 2;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+ft_outline_cubic_to(
+  FT_Vector const* c1, FT_Vector const* c2, FT_Vector const* to, void* user)
+{
+    ft_outline_decomposer* d = reinterpret_cast<ft_outline_decomposer*>(user);
+    if (d->codes) {
+        *(d->vertices++) = c1->x * (1. / 64.);
+        *(d->vertices++) = c1->y * (1. / 64.);
+        *(d->vertices++) = c2->x * (1. / 64.);
+        *(d->vertices++) = c2->y * (1. / 64.);
+        *(d->vertices++) = to->x * (1. / 64.);
+        *(d->vertices++) = to->y * (1. / 64.);
+        *(d->codes++) = CURVE4;
+        *(d->codes++) = CURVE4;
+        *(d->codes++) = CURVE4;
+    }
+    d->index += 3;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static FT_Outline_Funcs ft_outline_funcs = {
+    ft_outline_move_to,
+    ft_outline_line_to,
+    ft_outline_conic_to,
+    ft_outline_cubic_to};
+
+PyObject*
+FT2Font::get_path()
+{
+    if (!face->glyph) {
+        PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError, "No glyph loaded");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    ft_outline_decomposer decomposer = {};
+    if (FT_Error error =
+        FT_Outline_Decompose(
+          &face->glyph->outline, &ft_outline_funcs, &decomposer)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                     "FT_Outline_Decompose failed with error 0x%x", error);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (!decomposer.index) {  // Don't append CLOSEPOLY to null glyphs.
+      npy_intp vertices_dims[2] = { 0, 2 };
+      numpy::array_view<double, 2> vertices(vertices_dims);
+      npy_intp codes_dims[1] = { 0 };
+      numpy::array_view<unsigned char, 1> codes(codes_dims);
+      return Py_BuildValue("NN", vertices.pyobj(), codes.pyobj());
+    }
+    npy_intp vertices_dims[2] = { decomposer.index + 1, 2 };
+    numpy::array_view<double, 2> vertices(vertices_dims);
+    npy_intp codes_dims[1] = { decomposer.index + 1 };
+    numpy::array_view<unsigned char, 1> codes(codes_dims);
+    decomposer.index = 0;
+    decomposer.vertices = vertices.data();
+    decomposer.codes = codes.data();
+    if (FT_Error error =
+        FT_Outline_Decompose(
+          &face->glyph->outline, &ft_outline_funcs, &decomposer)) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                     "FT_Outline_Decompose failed with error 0x%x", error);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    *(decomposer.vertices++) = 0;
+    *(decomposer.vertices++) = 0;
+    *(decomposer.codes++) = CLOSEPOLY;
+    return Py_BuildValue("NN", vertices.pyobj(), codes.pyobj());
+}
+
+FT2Font::FT2Font(FT_Open_Args &open_args,
+                 long hinting_factor_,
+                 std::vector<FT2Font *> &fallback_list)
+    : image(), face(NULL)
+{
+    clear();
+
+    FT_Error error = FT_Open_Face(_ft2Library, &open_args, 0, &face);
+    if (error) {
+        throw_ft_error("Can not load face", error);
+    }
+
+    // set default kerning factor to 0, i.e., no kerning manipulation
+    kerning_factor = 0;
+
+    // set a default fontsize 12 pt at 72dpi
+    hinting_factor = hinting_factor_;
+
+    error = FT_Set_Char_Size(face, 12 * 64, 0, 72 * (unsigned int)hinting_factor, 72);
+    if (error) {
+        FT_Done_Face(face);
+        throw_ft_error("Could not set the fontsize", error);
+    }
+
+    if (open_args.stream != NULL) {
+        face->face_flags |= FT_FACE_FLAG_EXTERNAL_STREAM;
+    }
+
+    FT_Matrix transform = { 65536 / hinting_factor, 0, 0, 65536 };
+    FT_Set_Transform(face, &transform, 0);
+
+    // Set fallbacks
+    std::copy(fallback_list.begin(), fallback_list.end(), std::back_inserter(fallbacks));
+}
+
+FT2Font::~FT2Font()
+{
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < glyphs.size(); i++) {
+        FT_Done_Glyph(glyphs[i]);
+    }
+
+    if (face) {
+        FT_Done_Face(face);
+    }
+}
+
+void FT2Font::clear()
+{
+    pen.x = 0;
+    pen.y = 0;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < glyphs.size(); i++) {
+        FT_Done_Glyph(glyphs[i]);
+    }
+
+    glyphs.clear();
+    glyph_to_font.clear();
+    char_to_font.clear();
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < fallbacks.size(); i++) {
+        fallbacks[i]->clear();
+    }
+}
+
+void FT2Font::set_size(double ptsize, double dpi)
+{
+    FT_Error error = FT_Set_Char_Size(
+        face, (FT_F26Dot6)(ptsize * 64), 0, (FT_UInt)(dpi * hinting_factor), (FT_UInt)dpi);
+    if (error) {
+        throw_ft_error("Could not set the fontsize", error);
+    }
+    FT_Matrix transform = { 65536 / hinting_factor, 0, 0, 65536 };
+    FT_Set_Transform(face, &transform, 0);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < fallbacks.size(); i++) {
+        fallbacks[i]->set_size(ptsize, dpi);
+    }
+}
+
+void FT2Font::set_charmap(int i)
+{
+    if (i >= face->num_charmaps) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("i exceeds the available number of char maps");
+    }
+    FT_CharMap charmap = face->charmaps[i];
+    if (FT_Error error = FT_Set_Charmap(face, charmap)) {
+        throw_ft_error("Could not set the charmap", error);
+    }
+}
+
+void FT2Font::select_charmap(unsigned long i)
+{
+    if (FT_Error error = FT_Select_Charmap(face, (FT_Encoding)i)) {
+        throw_ft_error("Could not set the charmap", error);
+    }
+}
+
+int FT2Font::get_kerning(FT_UInt left, FT_UInt right, FT_UInt mode, bool fallback = false)
+{
+    if (fallback && glyph_to_font.find(left) != glyph_to_font.end() &&
+        glyph_to_font.find(right) != glyph_to_font.end()) {
+        FT2Font *left_ft_object = glyph_to_font[left];
+        FT2Font *right_ft_object = glyph_to_font[right];
+        if (left_ft_object != right_ft_object) {
+            // we do not know how to do kerning between different fonts
+            return 0;
+        }
+        // if left_ft_object is the same as right_ft_object,
+        // do the exact same thing which set_text does.
+        return right_ft_object->get_kerning(left, right, mode, false);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        FT_Vector delta;
+        return get_kerning(left, right, mode, delta);
+    }
+}
+
+int FT2Font::get_kerning(FT_UInt left, FT_UInt right, FT_UInt mode, FT_Vector &delta)
+{
+    if (!FT_HAS_KERNING(face)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (!FT_Get_Kerning(face, left, right, mode, &delta)) {
+        return (int)(delta.x) / (hinting_factor << kerning_factor);
+    } else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+void FT2Font::set_kerning_factor(int factor)
+{
+    kerning_factor = factor;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < fallbacks.size(); i++) {
+        fallbacks[i]->set_kerning_factor(factor);
+    }
+}
+
+void FT2Font::set_text(
+    size_t N, uint32_t *codepoints, double angle, FT_Int32 flags, std::vector<double> &xys)
+{
+    FT_Matrix matrix; /* transformation matrix */
+
+    angle = angle * (2 * M_PI / 360.0);
+
+    // this computes width and height in subpixels so we have to multiply by 64
+    double cosangle = cos(angle) * 0x10000L;
+    double sinangle = sin(angle) * 0x10000L;
+
+    matrix.xx = (FT_Fixed)cosangle;
+    matrix.xy = (FT_Fixed)-sinangle;
+    matrix.yx = (FT_Fixed)sinangle;
+    matrix.yy = (FT_Fixed)cosangle;
+
+    clear();
+
+    bbox.xMin = bbox.yMin = 32000;
+    bbox.xMax = bbox.yMax = -32000;
+
+    FT_UInt previous = 0;
+    FT2Font *previous_ft_object = NULL;
+
+    for (size_t n = 0; n < N; n++) {
+        FT_UInt glyph_index = 0;
+        FT_BBox glyph_bbox;
+        FT_Pos last_advance;
+
+        FT_Error charcode_error, glyph_error;
+        FT2Font *ft_object_with_glyph = this;
+        bool was_found = load_char_with_fallback(ft_object_with_glyph, glyph_index, glyphs,
+                                                 char_to_font, glyph_to_font, codepoints[n], flags,
+                                                 charcode_error, glyph_error, false);
+        if (!was_found) {
+            ft_glyph_warn((FT_ULong)codepoints[n]);
+
+            // render missing glyph tofu
+            // come back to top-most font
+            ft_object_with_glyph = this;
+            char_to_font[codepoints[n]] = ft_object_with_glyph;
+            glyph_to_font[glyph_index] = ft_object_with_glyph;
+            ft_object_with_glyph->load_glyph(glyph_index, flags, ft_object_with_glyph, false);
+        }
+
+        // retrieve kerning distance and move pen position
+        if ((ft_object_with_glyph == previous_ft_object) &&  // if both fonts are the same
+            ft_object_with_glyph->has_kerning() &&           // if the font knows how to kern
+            previous && glyph_index                          // and we really have 2 glyphs
+            ) {
+            FT_Vector delta;
+            pen.x += ft_object_with_glyph->get_kerning(previous, glyph_index, FT_KERNING_DEFAULT, delta);
+        }
+
+        // extract glyph image and store it in our table
+        FT_Glyph &thisGlyph = glyphs[glyphs.size() - 1];
+
+        last_advance = ft_object_with_glyph->get_face()->glyph->advance.x;
+        FT_Glyph_Transform(thisGlyph, 0, &pen);
+        FT_Glyph_Transform(thisGlyph, &matrix, 0);
+        xys.push_back(pen.x);
+        xys.push_back(pen.y);
+
+        FT_Glyph_Get_CBox(thisGlyph, FT_GLYPH_BBOX_SUBPIXELS, &glyph_bbox);
+
+        bbox.xMin = std::min(bbox.xMin, glyph_bbox.xMin);
+        bbox.xMax = std::max(bbox.xMax, glyph_bbox.xMax);
+        bbox.yMin = std::min(bbox.yMin, glyph_bbox.yMin);
+        bbox.yMax = std::max(bbox.yMax, glyph_bbox.yMax);
+
+        pen.x += last_advance;
+
+        previous = glyph_index;
+        previous_ft_object = ft_object_with_glyph;
+
+    }
+
+    FT_Vector_Transform(&pen, &matrix);
+    advance = pen.x;
+
+    if (bbox.xMin > bbox.xMax) {
+        bbox.xMin = bbox.yMin = bbox.xMax = bbox.yMax = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+void FT2Font::load_char(long charcode, FT_Int32 flags, FT2Font *&ft_object, bool fallback = false)
+{
+    // if this is parent FT2Font, cache will be filled in 2 ways:
+    // 1. set_text was previously called
+    // 2. set_text was not called and fallback was enabled
+    if (fallback && char_to_font.find(charcode) != char_to_font.end()) {
+        ft_object = char_to_font[charcode];
+        // since it will be assigned to ft_object anyway
+        FT2Font *throwaway = NULL;
+        ft_object->load_char(charcode, flags, throwaway, false);
+    } else if (fallback) {
+        FT_UInt final_glyph_index;
+        FT_Error charcode_error, glyph_error;
+        FT2Font *ft_object_with_glyph = this;
+        bool was_found = load_char_with_fallback(ft_object_with_glyph, final_glyph_index, glyphs, char_to_font,
+                                glyph_to_font, charcode, flags, charcode_error, glyph_error, true);
+        if (!was_found) {
+            ft_glyph_warn(charcode);
+            if (charcode_error) {
+                throw_ft_error("Could not load charcode", charcode_error);
+            }
+            else if (glyph_error) {
+                throw_ft_error("Could not load charcode", glyph_error);
+            }
+        }
+        ft_object = ft_object_with_glyph;
+    } else {
+        ft_object = this;
+        FT_UInt glyph_index = ft_get_char_index_or_warn(face, (FT_ULong)charcode);
+
+        if (FT_Error error = FT_Load_Glyph(face, glyph_index, flags)) {
+            throw_ft_error("Could not load charcode", error);
+        }
+        FT_Glyph thisGlyph;
+        if (FT_Error error = FT_Get_Glyph(face->glyph, &thisGlyph)) {
+            throw_ft_error("Could not get glyph", error);
+        }
+        glyphs.push_back(thisGlyph);
+    }
+}
+
+
+bool FT2Font::get_char_fallback_index(FT_ULong charcode, int& index) const
+{
+    FT_UInt glyph_index = FT_Get_Char_Index(face, charcode);
+    if (glyph_index) {
+        // -1 means the host has the char and we do not need to fallback
+        index = -1;
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        int inner_index = 0;
+        bool was_found;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < fallbacks.size(); ++i) {
+            // TODO handle recursion somehow!
+            was_found = fallbacks[i]->get_char_fallback_index(charcode, inner_index);
+            if (was_found) {
+                index = i;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+bool FT2Font::load_char_with_fallback(FT2Font *&ft_object_with_glyph,
+                                      FT_UInt &final_glyph_index,
+                                      std::vector<FT_Glyph> &parent_glyphs,
+                                      std::unordered_map<long, FT2Font *> &parent_char_to_font,
+                                      std::unordered_map<FT_UInt, FT2Font *> &parent_glyph_to_font,
+                                      long charcode,
+                                      FT_Int32 flags,
+                                      FT_Error &charcode_error,
+                                      FT_Error &glyph_error,
+                                      bool override = false)
+{
+    FT_UInt glyph_index = FT_Get_Char_Index(face, charcode);
+
+    if (glyph_index || override) {
+        charcode_error = FT_Load_Glyph(face, glyph_index, flags);
+        if (charcode_error) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        FT_Glyph thisGlyph;
+        glyph_error = FT_Get_Glyph(face->glyph, &thisGlyph);
+        if (glyph_error) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        final_glyph_index = glyph_index;
+
+        // cache the result for future
+        // need to store this for anytime a character is loaded from a parent
+        // FT2Font object or to generate a mapping of individual characters to fonts
+        ft_object_with_glyph = this;
+        parent_glyph_to_font[final_glyph_index] = this;
+        parent_char_to_font[charcode] = this;
+        parent_glyphs.push_back(thisGlyph);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    else {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < fallbacks.size(); ++i) {
+            bool was_found = fallbacks[i]->load_char_with_fallback(
+                ft_object_with_glyph, final_glyph_index, parent_glyphs, parent_char_to_font,
+                parent_glyph_to_font, charcode, flags, charcode_error, glyph_error, override);
+            if (was_found) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+void FT2Font::load_glyph(FT_UInt glyph_index,
+                         FT_Int32 flags,
+                         FT2Font *&ft_object,
+                         bool fallback = false)
+{
+    // cache is only for parent FT2Font
+    if (fallback && glyph_to_font.find(glyph_index) != glyph_to_font.end()) {
+        ft_object = glyph_to_font[glyph_index];
+    } else {
+        ft_object = this;
+    }
+
+    ft_object->load_glyph(glyph_index, flags);
+}
+
+void FT2Font::load_glyph(FT_UInt glyph_index, FT_Int32 flags)
+{
+    if (FT_Error error = FT_Load_Glyph(face, glyph_index, flags)) {
+        throw_ft_error("Could not load glyph", error);
+    }
+    FT_Glyph thisGlyph;
+    if (FT_Error error = FT_Get_Glyph(face->glyph, &thisGlyph)) {
+        throw_ft_error("Could not get glyph", error);
+    }
+    glyphs.push_back(thisGlyph);
+}
+
+FT_UInt FT2Font::get_char_index(FT_ULong charcode, bool fallback = false)
+{
+    FT2Font *ft_object = NULL;
+    if (fallback && char_to_font.find(charcode) != char_to_font.end()) {
+        // fallback denotes whether we want to search fallback list.
+        // should call set_text/load_char_with_fallback to parent FT2Font before
+        // wanting to use fallback list here. (since that populates the cache)
+        ft_object = char_to_font[charcode];
+    } else {
+        // set as self
+        ft_object = this;
+    }
+
+    // historically, get_char_index never raises a warning
+    return ft_get_char_index_or_warn(ft_object->get_face(), charcode, false);
+}
+
+void FT2Font::get_width_height(long *width, long *height)
+{
+    *width = advance;
+    *height = bbox.yMax - bbox.yMin;
+}
+
+long FT2Font::get_descent()
+{
+    return -bbox.yMin;
+}
+
+void FT2Font::get_bitmap_offset(long *x, long *y)
+{
+    *x = bbox.xMin;
+    *y = 0;
+}
+
+void FT2Font::draw_glyphs_to_bitmap(bool antialiased)
+{
+    long width = (bbox.xMax - bbox.xMin) / 64 + 2;
+    long height = (bbox.yMax - bbox.yMin) / 64 + 2;
+
+    image.resize(width, height);
+
+    for (size_t n = 0; n < glyphs.size(); n++) {
+        FT_Error error = FT_Glyph_To_Bitmap(
+            &glyphs[n], antialiased ? FT_RENDER_MODE_NORMAL : FT_RENDER_MODE_MONO, 0, 1);
+        if (error) {
+            throw_ft_error("Could not convert glyph to bitmap", error);
+        }
+
+        FT_BitmapGlyph bitmap = (FT_BitmapGlyph)glyphs[n];
+        // now, draw to our target surface (convert position)
+
+        // bitmap left and top in pixel, string bbox in subpixel
+        FT_Int x = (FT_Int)(bitmap->left - (bbox.xMin * (1. / 64.)));
+        FT_Int y = (FT_Int)((bbox.yMax * (1. / 64.)) - bitmap->top + 1);
+
+        image.draw_bitmap(&bitmap->bitmap, x, y);
+    }
+}
+
+void FT2Font::get_xys(bool antialiased, std::vector<double> &xys)
+{
+    for (size_t n = 0; n < glyphs.size(); n++) {
+
+        FT_Error error = FT_Glyph_To_Bitmap(
+            &glyphs[n], antialiased ? FT_RENDER_MODE_NORMAL : FT_RENDER_MODE_MONO, 0, 1);
+        if (error) {
+            throw_ft_error("Could not convert glyph to bitmap", error);
+        }
+
+        FT_BitmapGlyph bitmap = (FT_BitmapGlyph)glyphs[n];
+
+        // bitmap left and top in pixel, string bbox in subpixel
+        FT_Int x = (FT_Int)(bitmap->left - bbox.xMin * (1. / 64.));
+        FT_Int y = (FT_Int)(bbox.yMax * (1. / 64.) - bitmap->top + 1);
+        // make sure the index is non-neg
+        x = x < 0 ? 0 : x;
+        y = y < 0 ? 0 : y;
+        xys.push_back(x);
+        xys.push_back(y);
+    }
+}
+
+void FT2Font::draw_glyph_to_bitmap(FT2Image &im, int x, int y, size_t glyphInd, bool antialiased)
+{
+    FT_Vector sub_offset;
+    sub_offset.x = 0; // int((xd - (double)x) * 64.0);
+    sub_offset.y = 0; // int((yd - (double)y) * 64.0);
+
+    if (glyphInd >= glyphs.size()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("glyph num is out of range");
+    }
+
+    FT_Error error = FT_Glyph_To_Bitmap(
+      &glyphs[glyphInd],
+      antialiased ? FT_RENDER_MODE_NORMAL : FT_RENDER_MODE_MONO,
+      &sub_offset, // additional translation
+      1 // destroy image
+      );
+    if (error) {
+        throw_ft_error("Could not convert glyph to bitmap", error);
+    }
+
+    FT_BitmapGlyph bitmap = (FT_BitmapGlyph)glyphs[glyphInd];
+
+    im.draw_bitmap(&bitmap->bitmap, x + bitmap->left, y);
+}
+
+void FT2Font::get_glyph_name(unsigned int glyph_number, char *buffer, bool fallback = false)
+{
+    if (fallback && glyph_to_font.find(glyph_number) != glyph_to_font.end()) {
+        // cache is only for parent FT2Font
+        FT2Font *ft_object = glyph_to_font[glyph_number];
+        ft_object->get_glyph_name(glyph_number, buffer, false);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!FT_HAS_GLYPH_NAMES(face)) {
+        /* Note that this generated name must match the name that
+           is generated by ttconv in ttfont_CharStrings_getname. */
+        PyOS_snprintf(buffer, 128, "uni%08x", glyph_number);
+    } else {
+        if (FT_Error error = FT_Get_Glyph_Name(face, glyph_number, buffer, 128)) {
+            throw_ft_error("Could not get glyph names", error);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+long FT2Font::get_name_index(char *name)
+{
+    return FT_Get_Name_Index(face, (FT_String *)name);
+}