import binascii
import json
from collections.abc import Mapping
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Type

from .algorithms import (
    Algorithm,
    get_default_algorithms,
    has_crypto,
    requires_cryptography,
)
from .exceptions import (
    DecodeError,
    InvalidAlgorithmError,
    InvalidSignatureError,
    InvalidTokenError,
)
from .utils import base64url_decode, base64url_encode


class PyJWS:
    header_typ = "JWT"

    def __init__(self, algorithms=None, options=None):
        self._algorithms = get_default_algorithms()
        self._valid_algs = (
            set(algorithms) if algorithms is not None else set(self._algorithms)
        )

        # Remove algorithms that aren't on the whitelist
        for key in list(self._algorithms.keys()):
            if key not in self._valid_algs:
                del self._algorithms[key]

        if options is None:
            options = {}
        self.options = {**self._get_default_options(), **options}

    @staticmethod
    def _get_default_options():
        return {"verify_signature": True}

    def register_algorithm(self, alg_id, alg_obj):
        """
        Registers a new Algorithm for use when creating and verifying tokens.
        """
        if alg_id in self._algorithms:
            raise ValueError("Algorithm already has a handler.")

        if not isinstance(alg_obj, Algorithm):
            raise TypeError("Object is not of type `Algorithm`")

        self._algorithms[alg_id] = alg_obj
        self._valid_algs.add(alg_id)

    def unregister_algorithm(self, alg_id):
        """
        Unregisters an Algorithm for use when creating and verifying tokens
        Throws KeyError if algorithm is not registered.
        """
        if alg_id not in self._algorithms:
            raise KeyError(
                "The specified algorithm could not be removed"
                " because it is not registered."
            )

        del self._algorithms[alg_id]
        self._valid_algs.remove(alg_id)

    def get_algorithms(self):
        """
        Returns a list of supported values for the 'alg' parameter.
        """
        return list(self._valid_algs)

    def encode(
        self,
        payload: bytes,
        key: str,
        algorithm: Optional[str] = "HS256",
        headers: Optional[Dict] = None,
        json_encoder: Optional[Type[json.JSONEncoder]] = None,
        is_payload_detached: bool = False,
    ) -> str:
        segments = []

        if algorithm is None:
            algorithm = "none"

        # Prefer headers values if present to function parameters.
        if headers:
            headers_alg = headers.get("alg")
            if headers_alg:
                algorithm = headers["alg"]

            headers_b64 = headers.get("b64")
            if headers_b64 is False:
                is_payload_detached = True

        # Header
        header = {"typ": self.header_typ, "alg": algorithm}  # type: Dict[str, Any]

        if headers:
            self._validate_headers(headers)
            header.update(headers)

        if not header["typ"]:
            del header["typ"]

        if is_payload_detached:
            header["b64"] = False
        elif "b64" in header:
            # True is the standard value for b64, so no need for it
            del header["b64"]

        json_header = json.dumps(
            header, separators=(",", ":"), cls=json_encoder
        ).encode()

        segments.append(base64url_encode(json_header))

        if is_payload_detached:
            msg_payload = payload
        else:
            msg_payload = base64url_encode(payload)
        segments.append(msg_payload)

        # Segments
        signing_input = b".".join(segments)

        try:
            alg_obj = self._algorithms[algorithm]
            key = alg_obj.prepare_key(key)
            signature = alg_obj.sign(signing_input, key)

        except KeyError as e:
            if not has_crypto and algorithm in requires_cryptography:
                raise NotImplementedError(
                    f"Algorithm '{algorithm}' could not be found. Do you have cryptography installed?"
                ) from e
            raise NotImplementedError("Algorithm not supported") from e

        segments.append(base64url_encode(signature))

        # Don't put the payload content inside the encoded token when detached
        if is_payload_detached:
            segments[1] = b""
        encoded_string = b".".join(segments)

        return encoded_string.decode("utf-8")

    def decode_complete(
        self,
        jwt: str,
        key: str = "",
        algorithms: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        options: Optional[Dict] = None,
        detached_payload: Optional[bytes] = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        if options is None:
            options = {}
        merged_options = {**self.options, **options}
        verify_signature = merged_options["verify_signature"]

        if verify_signature and not algorithms:
            raise DecodeError(
                'It is required that you pass in a value for the "algorithms" argument when calling decode().'
            )

        payload, signing_input, header, signature = self._load(jwt)

        if header.get("b64", True) is False:
            if detached_payload is None:
                raise DecodeError(
                    'It is required that you pass in a value for the "detached_payload" argument to decode a message having the b64 header set to false.'
                )
            payload = detached_payload
            signing_input = b".".join([signing_input.rsplit(b".", 1)[0], payload])

        if verify_signature:
            self._verify_signature(signing_input, header, signature, key, algorithms)

        return {
            "payload": payload,
            "header": header,
            "signature": signature,
        }

    def decode(
        self,
        jwt: str,
        key: str = "",
        algorithms: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        options: Optional[Dict] = None,
        **kwargs,
    ) -> str:
        decoded = self.decode_complete(jwt, key, algorithms, options, **kwargs)
        return decoded["payload"]

    def get_unverified_header(self, jwt):
        """Returns back the JWT header parameters as a dict()

        Note: The signature is not verified so the header parameters
        should not be fully trusted until signature verification is complete
        """
        headers = self._load(jwt)[2]
        self._validate_headers(headers)

        return headers

    def _load(self, jwt):
        if isinstance(jwt, str):
            jwt = jwt.encode("utf-8")

        if not isinstance(jwt, bytes):
            raise DecodeError(f"Invalid token type. Token must be a {bytes}")

        try:
            signing_input, crypto_segment = jwt.rsplit(b".", 1)
            header_segment, payload_segment = signing_input.split(b".", 1)
        except ValueError as err:
            raise DecodeError("Not enough segments") from err

        try:
            header_data = base64url_decode(header_segment)
        except (TypeError, binascii.Error) as err:
            raise DecodeError("Invalid header padding") from err

        try:
            header = json.loads(header_data)
        except ValueError as e:
            raise DecodeError(f"Invalid header string: {e}") from e

        if not isinstance(header, Mapping):
            raise DecodeError("Invalid header string: must be a json object")

        try:
            payload = base64url_decode(payload_segment)
        except (TypeError, binascii.Error) as err:
            raise DecodeError("Invalid payload padding") from err

        try:
            signature = base64url_decode(crypto_segment)
        except (TypeError, binascii.Error) as err:
            raise DecodeError("Invalid crypto padding") from err

        return (payload, signing_input, header, signature)

    def _verify_signature(
        self,
        signing_input,
        header,
        signature,
        key="",
        algorithms=None,
    ):

        alg = header.get("alg")

        if algorithms is not None and alg not in algorithms:
            raise InvalidAlgorithmError("The specified alg value is not allowed")

        try:
            alg_obj = self._algorithms[alg]
            key = alg_obj.prepare_key(key)

            if not alg_obj.verify(signing_input, key, signature):
                raise InvalidSignatureError("Signature verification failed")

        except KeyError as e:
            raise InvalidAlgorithmError("Algorithm not supported") from e

    def _validate_headers(self, headers):
        if "kid" in headers:
            self._validate_kid(headers["kid"])

    def _validate_kid(self, kid):
        if not isinstance(kid, str):
            raise InvalidTokenError("Key ID header parameter must be a string")


_jws_global_obj = PyJWS()
encode = _jws_global_obj.encode
decode_complete = _jws_global_obj.decode_complete
decode = _jws_global_obj.decode
register_algorithm = _jws_global_obj.register_algorithm
unregister_algorithm = _jws_global_obj.unregister_algorithm
get_unverified_header = _jws_global_obj.get_unverified_header