path: root/avconv.c

/*
 * avconv main
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2011 The libav developers.
 *
 * This file is part of Libav.
 *
 * Libav is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * Libav is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with Libav; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

#include "config.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libavdevice/avdevice.h"
#include "libswscale/swscale.h"
#include "libavutil/opt.h"
#include "libavcodec/audioconvert.h"
#include "libavutil/audioconvert.h"
#include "libavutil/parseutils.h"
#include "libavutil/samplefmt.h"
#include "libavutil/colorspace.h"
#include "libavutil/fifo.h"
#include "libavutil/intreadwrite.h"
#include "libavutil/dict.h"
#include "libavutil/mathematics.h"
#include "libavutil/pixdesc.h"
#include "libavutil/avstring.h"
#include "libavutil/libm.h"
#include "libavutil/imgutils.h"
#include "libavformat/os_support.h"

#if CONFIG_AVFILTER
# include "libavfilter/avfilter.h"
# include "libavfilter/avfiltergraph.h"
# include "libavfilter/buffersrc.h"
# include "libavfilter/vsrc_buffer.h"
#endif

#if HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#elif HAVE_GETPROCESSTIMES
#include <windows.h>
#endif
#if HAVE_GETPROCESSMEMORYINFO
#include <windows.h>
#include <psapi.h>
#endif

#if HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
#include <sys/select.h>
#endif

#include <time.h>

#include "cmdutils.h"

#include "libavutil/avassert.h"

#define VSYNC_AUTO       -1
#define VSYNC_PASSTHROUGH 0
#define VSYNC_CFR         1
#define VSYNC_VFR         2

const char program_name[] = "avconv";
const int program_birth_year = 2000;

/* select an input stream for an output stream */
typedef struct StreamMap {
    int disabled;           /** 1 is this mapping is disabled by a negative map */
    int file_index;
    int stream_index;
    int sync_file_index;
    int sync_stream_index;
} StreamMap;

/**
 * select an input file for an output file
 */
typedef struct MetadataMap {
    int  file;      ///< file index
    char type;      ///< type of metadata to copy -- (g)lobal, (s)tream, (c)hapter or (p)rogram
    int  index;     ///< stream/chapter/program number
} MetadataMap;

static const OptionDef options[];

static int video_discard = 0;
static int same_quant = 0;
static int do_deinterlace = 0;
static int intra_dc_precision = 8;
static int qp_hist = 0;

static int file_overwrite = 0;
static int do_benchmark = 0;
static int do_hex_dump = 0;
static int do_pkt_dump = 0;
static int do_pass = 0;
static char *pass_logfilename_prefix = NULL;
static int video_sync_method = VSYNC_AUTO;
static int audio_sync_method = 0;
static float audio_drift_threshold = 0.1;
static int copy_ts = 0;
static int copy_tb = 1;
static int opt_shortest = 0;
static char *vstats_filename;
static FILE *vstats_file;

static int audio_volume = 256;

static int exit_on_error = 0;
static int using_stdin = 0;
static int64_t video_size = 0;
static int64_t audio_size = 0;
static int64_t extra_size = 0;
static int nb_frames_dup = 0;
static int nb_frames_drop = 0;
static int input_sync;

static float dts_delta_threshold = 10;

static int print_stats = 1;

static uint8_t *audio_buf;
static unsigned int allocated_audio_buf_size;

#define DEFAULT_PASS_LOGFILENAME_PREFIX "av2pass"

typedef struct FrameBuffer {
    uint8_t *base[4];
    uint8_t *data[4];
    int  linesize[4];

    int h, w;
    enum PixelFormat pix_fmt;

    int refcount;
    struct InputStream *ist;
    struct FrameBuffer *next;
} FrameBuffer;

typedef struct InputStream {
    int file_index;
    AVStream *st;
    int discard;             /* true if stream data should be discarded */
    int decoding_needed;     /* true if the packets must be decoded in 'raw_fifo' */
    AVCodec *dec;
    AVFrame *decoded_frame;
    AVFrame *filtered_frame;

    int64_t       start;     /* time when read started */
    int64_t       next_pts;  /* synthetic pts for cases where pkt.pts
                                is not defined */
    int64_t       pts;       /* current pts */
    PtsCorrectionContext pts_ctx;
    double ts_scale;
    int is_start;            /* is 1 at the start and after a discontinuity */
    int showed_multi_packet_warning;
    AVDictionary *opts;

    /* a pool of free buffers for decoded data */
    FrameBuffer *buffer_pool;
} InputStream;

typedef struct InputFile {
    AVFormatContext *ctx;
    int eof_reached;      /* true if eof reached */
    int ist_index;        /* index of first stream in ist_table */
    int buffer_size;      /* current total buffer size */
    int64_t ts_offset;
    int nb_streams;       /* number of stream that avconv is aware of; may be different
                             from ctx.nb_streams if new streams appear during av_read_frame() */
    int rate_emu;
} InputFile;

typedef struct OutputStream {
    int file_index;          /* file index */
    int index;               /* stream index in the output file */
    int source_index;        /* InputStream index */
    AVStream *st;            /* stream in the output file */
    int encoding_needed;     /* true if encoding needed for this stream */
    int frame_number;
    /* input pts and corresponding output pts
       for A/V sync */
    // double sync_ipts;        /* dts from the AVPacket of the demuxer in second units */
    struct InputStream *sync_ist; /* input stream to sync against */
    int64_t sync_opts;       /* output frame counter, could be changed to some true timestamp */ // FIXME look at frame_number
    AVBitStreamFilterContext *bitstream_filters;
    AVCodec *enc;
    int64_t max_frames;
    AVFrame *output_frame;

    /* video only */
    int video_resample;
    AVFrame pict_tmp;      /* temporary image for resampling */
    struct SwsContext *img_resample_ctx; /* for image resampling */
    int resample_height;
    int resample_width;
    int resample_pix_fmt;
    AVRational frame_rate;
    int force_fps;
    int top_field_first;

    float frame_aspect_ratio;

    /* forced key frames */
    int64_t *forced_kf_pts;
    int forced_kf_count;
    int forced_kf_index;
    char *forced_keyframes;

    /* audio only */
    int audio_resample;
    ReSampleContext *resample; /* for audio resampling */
    int resample_sample_fmt;
    int resample_channels;
    int resample_sample_rate;
    int reformat_pair;
    AVAudioConvert *reformat_ctx;
    AVFifoBuffer *fifo;     /* for compression: one audio fifo per codec */
    FILE *logfile;

#if CONFIG_AVFILTER
    AVFilterContext *output_video_filter;
    AVFilterContext *input_video_filter;
    AVFilterBufferRef *picref;
    char *avfilter;
    AVFilterGraph *graph;
#endif

    int64_t sws_flags;
    AVDictionary *opts;
    int is_past_recording_time;
    int stream_copy;
    const char *attachment_filename;
    int copy_initial_nonkeyframes;
} OutputStream;


typedef struct OutputFile {
    AVFormatContext *ctx;
    AVDictionary *opts;
    int ost_index;       /* index of the first stream in output_streams */
    int64_t recording_time; /* desired length of the resulting file in microseconds */
    int64_t start_time;     /* start time in microseconds */
    uint64_t limit_filesize;
} OutputFile;

static InputStream *input_streams   = NULL;
static int         nb_input_streams = 0;
static InputFile   *input_files     = NULL;
static int         nb_input_files   = 0;

static OutputStream *output_streams = NULL;
static int        nb_output_streams = 0;
static OutputFile   *output_files   = NULL;
static int        nb_output_files   = 0;

typedef struct OptionsContext {
    /* input/output options */
    int64_t start_time;
    const char *format;

    SpecifierOpt *codec_names;
    int        nb_codec_names;
    SpecifierOpt *audio_channels;
    int        nb_audio_channels;
    SpecifierOpt *audio_sample_rate;
    int        nb_audio_sample_rate;
    SpecifierOpt *frame_rates;
    int        nb_frame_rates;
    SpecifierOpt *frame_sizes;
    int        nb_frame_sizes;
    SpecifierOpt *frame_pix_fmts;
    int        nb_frame_pix_fmts;

    /* input options */
    int64_t input_ts_offset;
    int rate_emu;

    SpecifierOpt *ts_scale;
    int        nb_ts_scale;
    SpecifierOpt *dump_attachment;
    int        nb_dump_attachment;

    /* output options */
    StreamMap *stream_maps;
    int     nb_stream_maps;
    /* first item specifies output metadata, second is input */
    MetadataMap (*meta_data_maps)[2];
    int nb_meta_data_maps;
    int metadata_global_manual;
    int metadata_streams_manual;
    int metadata_chapters_manual;
    const char **attachments;
    int       nb_attachments;

    int chapters_input_file;

    int64_t recording_time;
    uint64_t limit_filesize;
    float mux_preload;
    float mux_max_delay;

    int video_disable;
    int audio_disable;
    int subtitle_disable;
    int data_disable;

    /* indexed by output file stream index */
    int   *streamid_map;
    int nb_streamid_map;

    SpecifierOpt *metadata;
    int        nb_metadata;
    SpecifierOpt *max_frames;
    int        nb_max_frames;
    SpecifierOpt *bitstream_filters;
    int        nb_bitstream_filters;
    SpecifierOpt *codec_tags;
    int        nb_codec_tags;
    SpecifierOpt *sample_fmts;
    int        nb_sample_fmts;
    SpecifierOpt *qscale;
    int        nb_qscale;
    SpecifierOpt *forced_key_frames;
    int        nb_forced_key_frames;
    SpecifierOpt *force_fps;
    int        nb_force_fps;
    SpecifierOpt *frame_aspect_ratios;
    int        nb_frame_aspect_ratios;
    SpecifierOpt *rc_overrides;
    int        nb_rc_overrides;
    SpecifierOpt *intra_matrices;
    int        nb_intra_matrices;
    SpecifierOpt *inter_matrices;
    int        nb_inter_matrices;
    SpecifierOpt *top_field_first;
    int        nb_top_field_first;
    SpecifierOpt *metadata_map;
    int        nb_metadata_map;
    SpecifierOpt *presets;
    int        nb_presets;
    SpecifierOpt *copy_initial_nonkeyframes;
    int        nb_copy_initial_nonkeyframes;
#if CONFIG_AVFILTER
    SpecifierOpt *filters;
    int        nb_filters;
#endif
} OptionsContext;

#define MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(name, type, outvar, fmtctx, st)\
{\
    int i, ret;\
    for (i = 0; i < o->nb_ ## name; i++) {\
        char *spec = o->name[i].specifier;\
        if ((ret = check_stream_specifier(fmtctx, st, spec)) > 0)\
            outvar = o->name[i].u.type;\
        else if (ret < 0)\
            exit_program(1);\
    }\
}

static void reset_options(OptionsContext *o)
{
    const OptionDef *po = options;

    /* all OPT_SPEC and OPT_STRING can be freed in generic way */
    while (po->name) {
        void *dst = (uint8_t*)o + po->u.off;

        if (po->flags & OPT_SPEC) {
            SpecifierOpt **so = dst;
            int i, *count = (int*)(so + 1);
            for (i = 0; i < *count; i++) {
                av_freep(&(*so)[i].specifier);
                if (po->flags & OPT_STRING)
                    av_freep(&(*so)[i].u.str);
            }
            av_freep(so);
            *count = 0;
        } else if (po->flags & OPT_OFFSET && po->flags & OPT_STRING)
            av_freep(dst);
        po++;
    }

    av_freep(&o->stream_maps);
    av_freep(&o->meta_data_maps);
    av_freep(&o->streamid_map);

    memset(o, 0, sizeof(*o));

    o->mux_max_delay  = 0.7;
    o->recording_time = INT64_MAX;
    o->limit_filesize = UINT64_MAX;
    o->chapters_input_file = INT_MAX;

    uninit_opts();
    init_opts();
}

static int alloc_buffer(InputStream *ist, FrameBuffer **pbuf)
{
    AVCodecContext *s = ist->st->codec;
    FrameBuffer  *buf = av_mallocz(sizeof(*buf));
    int ret;
    const int pixel_size = av_pix_fmt_descriptors[s->pix_fmt].comp[0].step_minus1+1;
    int h_chroma_shift, v_chroma_shift;
    int edge = 32; // XXX should be avcodec_get_edge_width(), but that fails on svq1
    int w = s->width, h = s->height;

    if (!buf)
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);

    if (!(s->flags & CODEC_FLAG_EMU_EDGE)) {
        w += 2*edge;
        h += 2*edge;
    }

    avcodec_align_dimensions(s, &w, &h);
    if ((ret = av_image_alloc(buf->base, buf->linesize, w, h,
                              s->pix_fmt, 32)) < 0) {
        av_freep(&buf);
        return ret;
    }
    /* XXX this shouldn't be needed, but some tests break without this line
     * those decoders are buggy and need to be fixed.
     * the following tests fail:
     * bethsoft-vid, cdgraphics, ansi, aasc, fraps-v1, qtrle-1bit
     */
    memset(buf->base[0], 128, ret);

    avcodec_get_chroma_sub_sample(s->pix_fmt, &h_chroma_shift, &v_chroma_shift);
    for (int i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(buf->data); i++) {
        const int h_shift = i==0 ? 0 : h_chroma_shift;
        const int v_shift = i==0 ? 0 : v_chroma_shift;
        if (s->flags & CODEC_FLAG_EMU_EDGE)
            buf->data[i] = buf->base[i];
        else if (buf->base[i])
            buf->data[i] = buf->base[i] +
                           FFALIGN((buf->linesize[i]*edge >> v_shift) +
                                   (pixel_size*edge >> h_shift), 32);
    }
    buf->w       = s->width;
    buf->h       = s->height;
    buf->pix_fmt = s->pix_fmt;
    buf->ist     = ist;

    *pbuf = buf;
    return 0;
}

static void free_buffer_pool(InputStream *ist)
{
    FrameBuffer *buf = ist->buffer_pool;
    while (buf) {
        ist->buffer_pool = buf->next;
        av_freep(&buf->base[0]);
        av_free(buf);
        buf = ist->buffer_pool;
    }
}

static void unref_buffer(InputStream *ist, FrameBuffer *buf)
{
    av_assert0(buf->refcount);
    buf->refcount--;
    if (!buf->refcount) {
        buf->next = ist->buffer_pool;
        ist->buffer_pool = buf;
    }
}

static int codec_get_buffer(AVCodecContext *s, AVFrame *frame)
{
    InputStream *ist = s->opaque;
    FrameBuffer *buf;
    int ret, i;

    if (!ist->buffer_pool && (ret = alloc_buffer(ist, &ist->buffer_pool)) < 0)
        return ret;

    buf              = ist->buffer_pool;
    ist->buffer_pool = buf->next;
    buf->next        = NULL;
    if (buf->w != s->width || buf->h != s->height || buf->pix_fmt != s->pix_fmt) {
        av_freep(&buf->base[0]);
        av_free(buf);
        if ((ret = alloc_buffer(ist, &buf)) < 0)
            return ret;
    }
    buf->refcount++;

    frame->opaque        = buf;
    frame->type          = FF_BUFFER_TYPE_USER;
    frame->extended_data = frame->data;
    frame->pkt_pts       = s->pkt ? s->pkt->pts : AV_NOPTS_VALUE;

    for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(buf->data); i++) {
        frame->base[i]     = buf->base[i];  // XXX h264.c uses base though it shouldn't
        frame->data[i]     = buf->data[i];
        frame->linesize[i] = buf->linesize[i];
    }

    return 0;
}

static void codec_release_buffer(AVCodecContext *s, AVFrame *frame)
{
    InputStream *ist = s->opaque;
    FrameBuffer *buf = frame->opaque;
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(frame->data); i++)
        frame->data[i] = NULL;

    unref_buffer(ist, buf);
}

static void filter_release_buffer(AVFilterBuffer *fb)
{
    FrameBuffer *buf = fb->priv;
    av_free(fb);
    unref_buffer(buf->ist, buf);
}

#if CONFIG_AVFILTER

static int configure_video_filters(InputStream *ist, OutputStream *ost)
{
    AVFilterContext *last_filter, *filter;
    /** filter graph containing all filters including input & output */
    AVCodecContext *codec = ost->st->codec;
    AVCodecContext *icodec = ist->st->codec;
    AVSinkContext avsink_ctx = { .pix_fmt = codec->pix_fmt };
    AVRational sample_aspect_ratio;
    char args[255];
    int ret;

    ost->graph = avfilter_graph_alloc();

    if (ist->st->sample_aspect_ratio.num) {
        sample_aspect_ratio = ist->st->sample_aspect_ratio;
    } else
        sample_aspect_ratio = ist->st->codec->sample_aspect_ratio;

    snprintf(args, 255, "%d:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d:%d", ist->st->codec->width,
             ist->st->codec->height, ist->st->codec->pix_fmt, 1, AV_TIME_BASE,
             sample_aspect_ratio.num, sample_aspect_ratio.den);

    ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&ost->input_video_filter, avfilter_get_by_name("buffer"),
                                       "src", args, NULL, ost->graph);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;
    ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&ost->output_video_filter, &avsink,
                                       "out", NULL, &avsink_ctx, ost->graph);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;
    last_filter = ost->input_video_filter;

    if (codec->width != icodec->width || codec->height != icodec->height) {
        snprintf(args, 255, "%d:%d:flags=0x%X",
                 codec->width,
                 codec->height,
                 (unsigned)ost->sws_flags);
        if ((ret = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&filter, avfilter_get_by_name("scale"),
                                                NULL, args, NULL, ost->graph)) < 0)
            return ret;
        if ((ret = avfilter_link(last_filter, 0, filter, 0)) < 0)
            return ret;
        last_filter = filter;
    }

    snprintf(args, sizeof(args), "flags=0x%X", (unsigned)ost->sws_flags);
    ost->graph->scale_sws_opts = av_strdup(args);

    if (ost->avfilter) {
        AVFilterInOut *outputs = av_malloc(sizeof(AVFilterInOut));
        AVFilterInOut *inputs  = av_malloc(sizeof(AVFilterInOut));

        outputs->name    = av_strdup("in");
        outputs->filter_ctx = last_filter;
        outputs->pad_idx = 0;
        outputs->next    = NULL;

        inputs->name    = av_strdup("out");
        inputs->filter_ctx = ost->output_video_filter;
        inputs->pad_idx = 0;
        inputs->next    = NULL;

        if ((ret = avfilter_graph_parse(ost->graph, ost->avfilter, inputs, outputs, NULL)) < 0)
            return ret;
    } else {
        if ((ret = avfilter_link(last_filter, 0, ost->output_video_filter, 0)) < 0)
            return ret;
    }

    if ((ret = avfilter_graph_config(ost->graph, NULL)) < 0)
        return ret;

    codec->width  = ost->output_video_filter->inputs[0]->w;
    codec->height = ost->output_video_filter->inputs[0]->h;
    codec->sample_aspect_ratio = ost->st->sample_aspect_ratio =
        ost->frame_aspect_ratio ? // overridden by the -aspect cli option
        av_d2q(ost->frame_aspect_ratio * codec->height/codec->width, 255) :
        ost->output_video_filter->inputs[0]->sample_aspect_ratio;

    return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_AVFILTER */

static void term_exit(void)
{
    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_QUIET, "");
}

static volatile int received_sigterm = 0;
static volatile int received_nb_signals = 0;

static void
sigterm_handler(int sig)
{
    received_sigterm = sig;
    received_nb_signals++;
    term_exit();
}

static void term_init(void)
{
    signal(SIGINT , sigterm_handler); /* Interrupt (ANSI).    */
    signal(SIGTERM, sigterm_handler); /* Termination (ANSI).  */
#ifdef SIGXCPU
    signal(SIGXCPU, sigterm_handler);
#endif
}

static int decode_interrupt_cb(void *ctx)
{
    return received_nb_signals > 1;
}

static const AVIOInterruptCB int_cb = { decode_interrupt_cb, NULL };

void exit_program(int ret)
{
    int i;

    /* close files */
    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_files; i++) {
        AVFormatContext *s = output_files[i].ctx;
        if (!(s->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE) && s->pb)
            avio_close(s->pb);
        avformat_free_context(s);
        av_dict_free(&output_files[i].opts);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
        AVBitStreamFilterContext *bsfc = output_streams[i].bitstream_filters;
        while (bsfc) {
            AVBitStreamFilterContext *next = bsfc->next;
            av_bitstream_filter_close(bsfc);
            bsfc = next;
        }
        output_streams[i].bitstream_filters = NULL;

        if (output_streams[i].output_frame) {
            AVFrame *frame = output_streams[i].output_frame;
            if (frame->extended_data != frame->data)
                av_freep(&frame->extended_data);
            av_freep(&frame);
        }

        av_freep(&output_streams[i].forced_keyframes);
#if CONFIG_AVFILTER
        av_freep(&output_streams[i].avfilter);
#endif
    }
    for (i = 0; i < nb_input_files; i++) {
        avformat_close_input(&input_files[i].ctx);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < nb_input_streams; i++) {
        av_freep(&input_streams[i].decoded_frame);
        av_freep(&input_streams[i].filtered_frame);
        av_dict_free(&input_streams[i].opts);
        free_buffer_pool(&input_streams[i]);
    }

    if (vstats_file)
        fclose(vstats_file);
    av_free(vstats_filename);

    av_freep(&input_streams);
    av_freep(&input_files);
    av_freep(&output_streams);
    av_freep(&output_files);

    uninit_opts();
    av_free(audio_buf);
    allocated_audio_buf_size = 0;

#if CONFIG_AVFILTER
    avfilter_uninit();
#endif
    avformat_network_deinit();

    if (received_sigterm) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "Received signal %d: terminating.\n",
               (int) received_sigterm);
        exit (255);
    }

    exit(ret);
}

static void assert_avoptions(AVDictionary *m)
{
    AVDictionaryEntry *t;
    if ((t = av_dict_get(m, "", NULL, AV_DICT_IGNORE_SUFFIX))) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Option %s not found.\n", t->key);
        exit_program(1);
    }
}

static void assert_codec_experimental(AVCodecContext *c, int encoder)
{
    const char *codec_string = encoder ? "encoder" : "decoder";
    AVCodec *codec;
    if (c->codec->capabilities & CODEC_CAP_EXPERIMENTAL &&
        c->strict_std_compliance > FF_COMPLIANCE_EXPERIMENTAL) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "%s '%s' is experimental and might produce bad "
                "results.\nAdd '-strict experimental' if you want to use it.\n",
                codec_string, c->codec->name);
        codec = encoder ? avcodec_find_encoder(c->codec->id) : avcodec_find_decoder(c->codec->id);
        if (!(codec->capabilities & CODEC_CAP_EXPERIMENTAL))
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Or use the non experimental %s '%s'.\n",
                   codec_string, codec->name);
        exit_program(1);
    }
}

static void choose_sample_fmt(AVStream *st, AVCodec *codec)
{
    if (codec && codec->sample_fmts) {
        const enum AVSampleFormat *p = codec->sample_fmts;
        for (; *p != -1; p++) {
            if (*p == st->codec->sample_fmt)
                break;
        }
        if (*p == -1) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING,
                   "Incompatible sample format '%s' for codec '%s', auto-selecting format '%s'\n",
                   av_get_sample_fmt_name(st->codec->sample_fmt),
                   codec->name,
                   av_get_sample_fmt_name(codec->sample_fmts[0]));
            st->codec->sample_fmt = codec->sample_fmts[0];
        }
    }
}

/**
 * Update the requested input sample format based on the output sample format.
 * This is currently only used to request float output from decoders which
 * support multiple sample formats, one of which is AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLT.
 * Ideally this will be removed in the future when decoders do not do format
 * conversion and only output in their native format.
 */
static void update_sample_fmt(AVCodecContext *dec, AVCodec *dec_codec,
                              AVCodecContext *enc)
{
    /* if sample formats match or a decoder sample format has already been
       requested, just return */
    if (enc->sample_fmt == dec->sample_fmt ||
        dec->request_sample_fmt > AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE)
        return;

    /* if decoder supports more than one output format */
    if (dec_codec && dec_codec->sample_fmts &&
        dec_codec->sample_fmts[0] != AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE &&
        dec_codec->sample_fmts[1] != AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE) {
        const enum AVSampleFormat *p;
        int min_dec = -1, min_inc = -1;

        /* find a matching sample format in the encoder */
        for (p = dec_codec->sample_fmts; *p != AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE; p++) {
            if (*p == enc->sample_fmt) {
                dec->request_sample_fmt = *p;
                return;
            } else if (*p > enc->sample_fmt) {
                min_inc = FFMIN(min_inc, *p - enc->sample_fmt);
            } else
                min_dec = FFMIN(min_dec, enc->sample_fmt - *p);
        }

        /* if none match, provide the one that matches quality closest */
        dec->request_sample_fmt = min_inc > 0 ? enc->sample_fmt + min_inc :
                                  enc->sample_fmt - min_dec;
    }
}

static void choose_sample_rate(AVStream *st, AVCodec *codec)
{
    if (codec && codec->supported_samplerates) {
        const int *p  = codec->supported_samplerates;
        int best      = 0;
        int best_dist = INT_MAX;
        for (; *p; p++) {
            int dist = abs(st->codec->sample_rate - *p);
            if (dist < best_dist) {
                best_dist = dist;
                best      = *p;
            }
        }
        if (best_dist) {
            av_log(st->codec, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Requested sampling rate unsupported using closest supported (%d)\n", best);
        }
        st->codec->sample_rate = best;
    }
}

static void choose_pixel_fmt(AVStream *st, AVCodec *codec)
{
    if (codec && codec->pix_fmts) {
        const enum PixelFormat *p = codec->pix_fmts;
        if (st->codec->strict_std_compliance <= FF_COMPLIANCE_UNOFFICIAL) {
            if (st->codec->codec_id == CODEC_ID_MJPEG) {
                p = (const enum PixelFormat[]) { PIX_FMT_YUVJ420P, PIX_FMT_YUVJ422P, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, PIX_FMT_YUV422P, PIX_FMT_NONE };
            } else if (st->codec->codec_id == CODEC_ID_LJPEG) {
                p = (const enum PixelFormat[]) { PIX_FMT_YUVJ420P, PIX_FMT_YUVJ422P, PIX_FMT_YUVJ444P, PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
                                                 PIX_FMT_YUV422P, PIX_FMT_YUV444P, PIX_FMT_BGRA, PIX_FMT_NONE };
            }
        }
        for (; *p != PIX_FMT_NONE; p++) {
            if (*p == st->codec->pix_fmt)
                break;
        }
        if (*p == PIX_FMT_NONE) {
            if (st->codec->pix_fmt != PIX_FMT_NONE)
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING,
                       "Incompatible pixel format '%s' for codec '%s', auto-selecting format '%s'\n",
                       av_pix_fmt_descriptors[st->codec->pix_fmt].name,
                       codec->name,
                       av_pix_fmt_descriptors[codec->pix_fmts[0]].name);
            st->codec->pix_fmt = codec->pix_fmts[0];
        }
    }
}

static double
get_sync_ipts(const OutputStream *ost)
{
    const InputStream *ist = ost->sync_ist;
    OutputFile *of = &output_files[ost->file_index];
    return (double)(ist->pts - of->start_time) / AV_TIME_BASE;
}

static void write_frame(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt, OutputStream *ost)
{
    AVBitStreamFilterContext *bsfc = ost->bitstream_filters;
    AVCodecContext          *avctx = ost->st->codec;
    int ret;

    /*
     * Audio encoders may split the packets --  #frames in != #packets out.
     * But there is no reordering, so we can limit the number of output packets
     * by simply dropping them here.
     * Counting encoded video frames needs to be done separately because of
     * reordering, see do_video_out()
     */
    if (!(avctx->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO && avctx->codec)) {
        if (ost->frame_number >= ost->max_frames)
            return;
        ost->frame_number++;
    }

    while (bsfc) {
        AVPacket new_pkt = *pkt;
        int a = av_bitstream_filter_filter(bsfc, avctx, NULL,
                                           &new_pkt.data, &new_pkt.size,
                                           pkt->data, pkt->size,
                                           pkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY);
        if (a > 0) {
            av_free_packet(pkt);
            new_pkt.destruct = av_destruct_packet;
        } else if (a < 0) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "%s failed for stream %d, codec %s",
                   bsfc->filter->name, pkt->stream_index,
                   avctx->codec ? avctx->codec->name : "copy");
            print_error("", a);
            if (exit_on_error)
                exit_program(1);
        }
        *pkt = new_pkt;

        bsfc = bsfc->next;
    }

    ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(s, pkt);
    if (ret < 0) {
        print_error("av_interleaved_write_frame()", ret);
        exit_program(1);
    }
}

static void generate_silence(uint8_t* buf, enum AVSampleFormat sample_fmt, size_t size)
{
    int fill_char = 0x00;
    if (sample_fmt == AV_SAMPLE_FMT_U8)
        fill_char = 0x80;
    memset(buf, fill_char, size);
}

static int encode_audio_frame(AVFormatContext *s, OutputStream *ost,
                              const uint8_t *buf, int buf_size)
{
    AVCodecContext *enc = ost->st->codec;
    AVFrame *frame = NULL;
    AVPacket pkt;
    int ret, got_packet;

    av_init_packet(&pkt);
    pkt.data = NULL;
    pkt.size = 0;

    if (buf) {
        if (!ost->output_frame) {
            ost->output_frame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
            if (!ost->output_frame) {
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "out-of-memory in encode_audio_frame()\n");
                exit_program(1);
            }
        }
        frame = ost->output_frame;
        if (frame->extended_data != frame->data)
            av_freep(&frame->extended_data);
        avcodec_get_frame_defaults(frame);

        frame->nb_samples  = buf_size /
                             (enc->channels * av_get_bytes_per_sample(enc->sample_fmt));
        if ((ret = avcodec_fill_audio_frame(frame, enc->channels, enc->sample_fmt,
                                            buf, buf_size, 1)) < 0) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Audio encoding failed\n");
            exit_program(1);
        }
    }

    got_packet = 0;
    if (avcodec_encode_audio2(enc, &pkt, frame, &got_packet) < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Audio encoding failed\n");
        exit_program(1);
    }

    if (got_packet) {
        pkt.stream_index = ost->index;
        if (pkt.pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
            pkt.pts      = av_rescale_q(pkt.pts,      enc->time_base, ost->st->time_base);
        if (pkt.duration > 0)
            pkt.duration = av_rescale_q(pkt.duration, enc->time_base, ost->st->time_base);

        write_frame(s, &pkt, ost);

        audio_size += pkt.size;
    }

    if (frame)
        ost->sync_opts += frame->nb_samples;

    return pkt.size;
}

static void do_audio_out(AVFormatContext *s, OutputStream *ost,
                         InputStream *ist, AVFrame *decoded_frame)
{
    uint8_t *buftmp;
    int64_t audio_buf_size;

    int size_out, frame_bytes, resample_changed;
    AVCodecContext *enc = ost->st->codec;
    AVCodecContext *dec = ist->st->codec;
    int osize = av_get_bytes_per_sample(enc->sample_fmt);
    int isize = av_get_bytes_per_sample(dec->sample_fmt);
    uint8_t *buf = decoded_frame->data[0];
    int size     = decoded_frame->nb_samples * dec->channels * isize;
    int64_t allocated_for_size = size;

need_realloc:
    audio_buf_size  = (allocated_for_size + isize * dec->channels - 1) / (isize * dec->channels);
    audio_buf_size  = (audio_buf_size * enc->sample_rate + dec->sample_rate) / dec->sample_rate;
    audio_buf_size  = audio_buf_size * 2 + 10000; // safety factors for the deprecated resampling API
    audio_buf_size  = FFMAX(audio_buf_size, enc->frame_size);
    audio_buf_size *= osize * enc->channels;

    if (audio_buf_size > INT_MAX) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Buffer sizes too large\n");
        exit_program(1);
    }

    av_fast_malloc(&audio_buf, &allocated_audio_buf_size, audio_buf_size);
    if (!audio_buf) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Out of memory in do_audio_out\n");
        exit_program(1);
    }

    if (enc->channels != dec->channels || enc->sample_rate != dec->sample_rate)
        ost->audio_resample = 1;

    resample_changed = ost->resample_sample_fmt  != dec->sample_fmt ||
                       ost->resample_channels    != dec->channels   ||
                       ost->resample_sample_rate != dec->sample_rate;

    if ((ost->audio_resample && !ost->resample) || resample_changed) {
        if (resample_changed) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "Input stream #%d:%d frame changed from rate:%d fmt:%s ch:%d to rate:%d fmt:%s ch:%d\n",
                   ist->file_index, ist->st->index,
                   ost->resample_sample_rate, av_get_sample_fmt_name(ost->resample_sample_fmt), ost->resample_channels,
                   dec->sample_rate, av_get_sample_fmt_name(dec->sample_fmt), dec->channels);
            ost->resample_sample_fmt  = dec->sample_fmt;
            ost->resample_channels    = dec->channels;
            ost->resample_sample_rate = dec->sample_rate;
            if (ost->resample)
                audio_resample_close(ost->resample);
        }
        /* if audio_sync_method is >1 the resampler is needed for audio drift compensation */
        if (audio_sync_method <= 1 &&
            ost->resample_sample_fmt  == enc->sample_fmt &&
            ost->resample_channels    == enc->channels   &&
            ost->resample_sample_rate == enc->sample_rate) {
            ost->resample = NULL;
            ost->audio_resample = 0;
        } else if (ost->audio_resample) {
            if (dec->sample_fmt != AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16)
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Using s16 intermediate sample format for resampling\n");
            ost->resample = av_audio_resample_init(enc->channels,    dec->channels,
                                                   enc->sample_rate, dec->sample_rate,
                                                   enc->sample_fmt,  dec->sample_fmt,
                                                   16, 10, 0, 0.8);
            if (!ost->resample) {
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Can not resample %d channels @ %d Hz to %d channels @ %d Hz\n",
                       dec->channels, dec->sample_rate,
                       enc->channels, enc->sample_rate);
                exit_program(1);
            }
        }
    }

#define MAKE_SFMT_PAIR(a,b) ((a)+AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NB*(b))
    if (!ost->audio_resample && dec->sample_fmt != enc->sample_fmt &&
        MAKE_SFMT_PAIR(enc->sample_fmt,dec->sample_fmt) != ost->reformat_pair) {
        if (ost->reformat_ctx)
            av_audio_convert_free(ost->reformat_ctx);
        ost->reformat_ctx = av_audio_convert_alloc(enc->sample_fmt, 1,
                                                   dec->sample_fmt, 1, NULL, 0);
        if (!ost->reformat_ctx) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Cannot convert %s sample format to %s sample format\n",
                   av_get_sample_fmt_name(dec->sample_fmt),
                   av_get_sample_fmt_name(enc->sample_fmt));
            exit_program(1);
        }
        ost->reformat_pair = MAKE_SFMT_PAIR(enc->sample_fmt,dec->sample_fmt);
    }

    if (audio_sync_method) {
        double delta = get_sync_ipts(ost) * enc->sample_rate - ost->sync_opts -
                       av_fifo_size(ost->fifo) / (enc->channels * osize);
        int idelta = delta * dec->sample_rate / enc->sample_rate;
        int byte_delta = idelta * isize * dec->channels;

        // FIXME resample delay
        if (fabs(delta) > 50) {
            if (ist->is_start || fabs(delta) > audio_drift_threshold*enc->sample_rate) {
                if (byte_delta < 0) {
                    byte_delta = FFMAX(byte_delta, -size);
                    size += byte_delta;
                    buf  -= byte_delta;
                    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "discarding %d audio samples\n",
                           -byte_delta / (isize * dec->channels));
                    if (!size)
                        return;
                    ist->is_start = 0;
                } else {
                    static uint8_t *input_tmp = NULL;
                    input_tmp = av_realloc(input_tmp, byte_delta + size);

                    if (byte_delta > allocated_for_size - size) {
                        allocated_for_size = byte_delta + (int64_t)size;
                        goto need_realloc;
                    }
                    ist->is_start = 0;

                    generate_silence(input_tmp, dec->sample_fmt, byte_delta);
                    memcpy(input_tmp + byte_delta, buf, size);
                    buf = input_tmp;
                    size += byte_delta;
                    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "adding %d audio samples of silence\n", idelta);
                }
            } else if (audio_sync_method > 1) {
                int comp = av_clip(delta, -audio_sync_method, audio_sync_method);
                av_assert0(ost->audio_resample);
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "compensating audio timestamp drift:%f compensation:%d in:%d\n",
                       delta, comp, enc->sample_rate);
//                fprintf(stderr, "drift:%f len:%d opts:%"PRId64" ipts:%"PRId64" fifo:%d\n", delta, -1, ost->sync_opts, (int64_t)(get_sync_ipts(ost) * enc->sample_rate), av_fifo_size(ost->fifo)/(ost->st->codec->channels * 2));
                av_resample_compensate(*(struct AVResampleContext**)ost->resample, comp, enc->sample_rate);
            }
        }
    } else
        ost->sync_opts = lrintf(get_sync_ipts(ost) * enc->sample_rate) -
                                av_fifo_size(ost->fifo) / (enc->channels * osize); // FIXME wrong

    if (ost->audio_resample) {
        buftmp = audio_buf;
        size_out = audio_resample(ost->resample,
                                  (short *)buftmp, (short *)buf,
                                  size / (dec->channels * isize));
        size_out = size_out * enc->channels * osize;
    } else {
        buftmp = buf;
        size_out = size;
    }

    if (!ost->audio_resample && dec->sample_fmt != enc->sample_fmt) {
        const void *ibuf[6] = { buftmp };
        void *obuf[6]  = { audio_buf };
        int istride[6] = { isize };
        int ostride[6] = { osize };
        int len = size_out / istride[0];
        if (av_audio_convert(ost->reformat_ctx, obuf, ostride, ibuf, istride, len) < 0) {
            printf("av_audio_convert() failed\n");
            if (exit_on_error)
                exit_program(1);
            return;
        }
        buftmp = audio_buf;
        size_out = len * osize;
    }

    /* now encode as many frames as possible */
    if (!(enc->codec->capabilities & CODEC_CAP_VARIABLE_FRAME_SIZE)) {
        /* output resampled raw samples */
        if (av_fifo_realloc2(ost->fifo, av_fifo_size(ost->fifo) + size_out) < 0) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "av_fifo_realloc2() failed\n");
            exit_program(1);
        }
        av_fifo_generic_write(ost->fifo, buftmp, size_out, NULL);

        frame_bytes = enc->frame_size * osize * enc->channels;

        while (av_fifo_size(ost->fifo) >= frame_bytes) {
            av_fifo_generic_read(ost->fifo, audio_buf, frame_bytes, NULL);
            encode_audio_frame(s, ost, audio_buf, frame_bytes);
        }
    } else {
        encode_audio_frame(s, ost, buftmp, size_out);
    }
}

static void pre_process_video_frame(InputStream *ist, AVPicture *picture, void **bufp)
{
    AVCodecContext *dec;
    AVPicture *picture2;
    AVPicture picture_tmp;
    uint8_t *buf = 0;

    dec = ist->st->codec;

    /* deinterlace : must be done before any resize */
    if (do_deinterlace) {
        int size;

        /* create temporary picture */
        size = avpicture_get_size(dec->pix_fmt, dec->width, dec->height);
        buf  = av_malloc(size);
        if (!buf)
            return;

        picture2 = &picture_tmp;
        avpicture_fill(picture2, buf, dec->pix_fmt, dec->width, dec->height);

        if (avpicture_deinterlace(picture2, picture,
                                 dec->pix_fmt, dec->width, dec->height) < 0) {
            /* if error, do not deinterlace */
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Deinterlacing failed\n");
            av_free(buf);
            buf = NULL;
            picture2 = picture;
        }
    } else {
        picture2 = picture;
    }

    if (picture != picture2)
        *picture = *picture2;
    *bufp = buf;
}

static void do_subtitle_out(AVFormatContext *s,
                            OutputStream *ost,
                            InputStream *ist,
                            AVSubtitle *sub,
                            int64_t pts)
{
    static uint8_t *subtitle_out = NULL;
    int subtitle_out_max_size = 1024 * 1024;
    int subtitle_out_size, nb, i;
    AVCodecContext *enc;
    AVPacket pkt;

    if (pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Subtitle packets must have a pts\n");
        if (exit_on_error)
            exit_program(1);
        return;
    }

    enc = ost->st->codec;

    if (!subtitle_out) {
        subtitle_out = av_malloc(subtitle_out_max_size);
    }

    /* Note: DVB subtitle need one packet to draw them and one other
       packet to clear them */
    /* XXX: signal it in the codec context ? */
    if (enc->codec_id == CODEC_ID_DVB_SUBTITLE)
        nb = 2;
    else
        nb = 1;

    for (i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        sub->pts = av_rescale_q(pts, ist->st->time_base, AV_TIME_BASE_Q);
        // start_display_time is required to be 0
        sub->pts               += av_rescale_q(sub->start_display_time, (AVRational){ 1, 1000 }, AV_TIME_BASE_Q);
        sub->end_display_time  -= sub->start_display_time;
        sub->start_display_time = 0;
        subtitle_out_size = avcodec_encode_subtitle(enc, subtitle_out,
                                                    subtitle_out_max_size, sub);
        if (subtitle_out_size < 0) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Subtitle encoding failed\n");
            exit_program(1);
        }

        av_init_packet(&pkt);
        pkt.stream_index = ost->index;
        pkt.data = subtitle_out;
        pkt.size = subtitle_out_size;
        pkt.pts  = av_rescale_q(sub->pts, AV_TIME_BASE_Q, ost->st->time_base);
        if (enc->codec_id == CODEC_ID_DVB_SUBTITLE) {
            /* XXX: the pts correction is handled here. Maybe handling
               it in the codec would be better */
            if (i == 0)
                pkt.pts += 90 * sub->start_display_time;
            else
                pkt.pts += 90 * sub->end_display_time;
        }
        write_frame(s, &pkt, ost);
    }
}

static int bit_buffer_size = 1024 * 256;
static uint8_t *bit_buffer = NULL;

#if !CONFIG_AVFILTER
static void do_video_resample(OutputStream *ost,
                              InputStream *ist,
                              AVFrame *in_picture,
                              AVFrame **out_picture)
{
    int resample_changed = 0;
    *out_picture = in_picture;

    resample_changed = ost->resample_width   != in_picture->width  ||
                       ost->resample_height  != in_picture->height ||
                       ost->resample_pix_fmt != in_picture->format;

    if (resample_changed) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO,
               "Input stream #%d:%d frame changed from size:%dx%d fmt:%s to size:%dx%d fmt:%s\n",
               ist->file_index, ist->st->index,
               ost->resample_width, ost->resample_height, av_get_pix_fmt_name(ost->resample_pix_fmt),
               in_picture->width, in_picture->height, av_get_pix_fmt_name(in_picture->format));
        if (!ost->video_resample)
            ost->video_resample = 1;
    }

    if (ost->video_resample) {
        *out_picture = &ost->pict_tmp;
        if (resample_changed) {
            /* initialize a new scaler context */
            sws_freeContext(ost->img_resample_ctx);
            ost->img_resample_ctx = sws_getContext(
                ist->st->codec->width,
                ist->st->codec->height,
                ist->st->codec->pix_fmt,
                ost->st->codec->width,
                ost->st->codec->height,
                ost->st->codec->pix_fmt,
                ost->sws_flags, NULL, NULL, NULL);
            if (ost->img_resample_ctx == NULL) {
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Cannot get resampling context\n");
                exit_program(1);
            }
        }
        sws_scale(ost->img_resample_ctx, in_picture->data, in_picture->linesize,
              0, ost->resample_height, (*out_picture)->data, (*out_picture)->linesize);
    }
    if (resample_changed) {
        ost->resample_width   = in_picture->width;
        ost->resample_height  = in_picture->height;
        ost->resample_pix_fmt = in_picture->format;
    }
}
#endif


static void do_video_out(AVFormatContext *s,
                         OutputStream *ost,
                         InputStream *ist,
                         AVFrame *in_picture,
                         int *frame_size, float quality)
{
    int nb_frames, i, ret, format_video_sync;
    AVFrame *final_picture;
    AVCodecContext *enc;
    double sync_ipts;

    enc = ost->st->codec;

    sync_ipts = get_sync_ipts(ost) / av_q2d(enc->time_base);

    /* by default, we output a single frame */
    nb_frames = 1;

    *frame_size = 0;

    format_video_sync = video_sync_method;
    if (format_video_sync == VSYNC_AUTO)
        format_video_sync = (s->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOTIMESTAMPS) ? VSYNC_PASSTHROUGH :
                            (s->oformat->flags & AVFMT_VARIABLE_FPS) ? VSYNC_VFR : VSYNC_CFR;

    if (format_video_sync != VSYNC_PASSTHROUGH) {
        double vdelta = sync_ipts - ost->sync_opts;
        // FIXME set to 0.5 after we fix some dts/pts bugs like in avidec.c
        if (vdelta < -1.1)
            nb_frames = 0;
        else if (format_video_sync == VSYNC_VFR) {
            if (vdelta <= -0.6) {
                nb_frames = 0;
            } else if (vdelta > 0.6)
                ost->sync_opts = lrintf(sync_ipts);
        } else if (vdelta > 1.1)
            nb_frames = lrintf(vdelta);
//fprintf(stderr, "vdelta:%f, ost->sync_opts:%"PRId64", ost->sync_ipts:%f nb_frames:%d\n", vdelta, ost->sync_opts, get_sync_ipts(ost), nb_frames);
        if (nb_frames == 0) {
            ++nb_frames_drop;
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "*** drop!\n");
        } else if (nb_frames > 1) {
            nb_frames_dup += nb_frames - 1;
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "*** %d dup!\n", nb_frames - 1);
        }
    } else
        ost->sync_opts = lrintf(sync_ipts);

    nb_frames = FFMIN(nb_frames, ost->max_frames - ost->frame_number);
    if (nb_frames <= 0)
        return;

#if !CONFIG_AVFILTER
    do_video_resample(ost, ist, in_picture, &final_picture);
#else
    final_picture = in_picture;
#endif

    /* duplicates frame if needed */
    for (i = 0; i < nb_frames; i++) {
        AVPacket pkt;
        av_init_packet(&pkt);
        pkt.stream_index = ost->index;

        if (s->oformat->flags & AVFMT_RAWPICTURE &&
            enc->codec->id == CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO) {
            /* raw pictures are written as AVPicture structure to
               avoid any copies. We support temporarily the older
               method. */
            enc->coded_frame->interlaced_frame = in_picture->interlaced_frame;
            enc->coded_frame->top_field_first  = in_picture->top_field_first;
            pkt.data   = (uint8_t *)final_picture;
            pkt.size   =  sizeof(AVPicture);
            pkt.pts    = av_rescale_q(ost->sync_opts, enc->time_base, ost->st->time_base);
            pkt.flags |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;

            write_frame(s, &pkt, ost);
        } else {
            AVFrame big_picture;

            big_picture = *final_picture;
            /* better than nothing: use input picture interlaced
               settings */
            big_picture.interlaced_frame = in_picture->interlaced_frame;
            if (ost->st->codec->flags & (CODEC_FLAG_INTERLACED_DCT|CODEC_FLAG_INTERLACED_ME)) {
                if (ost->top_field_first == -1)
                    big_picture.top_field_first = in_picture->top_field_first;
                else
                    big_picture.top_field_first = !!ost->top_field_first;
            }

            /* handles same_quant here. This is not correct because it may
               not be a global option */
            big_picture.quality = quality;
            if (!enc->me_threshold)
                big_picture.pict_type = 0;
//            big_picture.pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
            big_picture.pts = ost->sync_opts;
//            big_picture.pts= av_rescale(ost->sync_opts, AV_TIME_BASE*(int64_t)enc->time_base.num, enc->time_base.den);
// av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "%"PRId64" -> encoder\n", ost->sync_opts);
            if (ost->forced_kf_index < ost->forced_kf_count &&
                big_picture.pts >= ost->forced_kf_pts[ost->forced_kf_index]) {
                big_picture.pict_type = AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I;
                ost->forced_kf_index++;
            }
            ret = avcodec_encode_video(enc,
                                       bit_buffer, bit_buffer_size,
                                       &big_picture);
            if (ret < 0) {
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Video encoding failed\n");
                exit_program(1);
            }

            if (ret > 0) {
                pkt.data = bit_buffer;
                pkt.size = ret;
                if (enc->coded_frame->pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
                    pkt.pts = av_rescale_q(enc->coded_frame->pts, enc->time_base, ost->st->time_base);
/*av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "encoder -> %"PRId64"/%"PRId64"\n",
   pkt.pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE ? av_rescale(pkt.pts, enc->time_base.den, AV_TIME_BASE*(int64_t)enc->time_base.num) : -1,
   pkt.dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE ? av_rescale(pkt.dts, enc->time_base.den, AV_TIME_BASE*(int64_t)enc->time_base.num) : -1);*/

                if (enc->coded_frame->key_frame)
                    pkt.flags |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
                write_frame(s, &pkt, ost);
                *frame_size = ret;
                video_size += ret;
                // fprintf(stderr,"\nFrame: %3d size: %5d type: %d",
                //         enc->frame_number-1, ret, enc->pict_type);
                /* if two pass, output log */
                if (ost->logfile && enc->stats_out) {
                    fprintf(ost->logfile, "%s", enc->stats_out);
                }
            }
        }
        ost->sync_opts++;
        /*
         * For video, number of frames in == number of packets out.
         * But there may be reordering, so we can't throw away frames on encoder
         * flush, we need to limit them here, before they go into encoder.
         */
        ost->frame_number++;
    }
}

static double psnr(double d)
{
    return -10.0 * log(d) / log(10.0);
}

static void do_video_stats(AVFormatContext *os, OutputStream *ost,
                           int frame_size)
{
    AVCodecContext *enc;
    int frame_number;
    double ti1, bitrate, avg_bitrate;

    /* this is executed just the first time do_video_stats is called */
    if (!vstats_file) {
        vstats_file = fopen(vstats_filename, "w");
        if (!vstats_file) {
            perror("fopen");
            exit_program(1);
        }
    }

    enc = ost->st->codec;
    if (enc->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
        frame_number = ost->frame_number;
        fprintf(vstats_file, "frame= %5d q= %2.1f ", frame_number, enc->coded_frame->quality / (float)FF_QP2LAMBDA);
        if (enc->flags&CODEC_FLAG_PSNR)
            fprintf(vstats_file, "PSNR= %6.2f ", psnr(enc->coded_frame->error[0] / (enc->width * enc->height * 255.0 * 255.0)));

        fprintf(vstats_file,"f_size= %6d ", frame_size);
        /* compute pts value */
        ti1 = ost->sync_opts * av_q2d(enc->time_base);
        if (ti1 < 0.01)
            ti1 = 0.01;

        bitrate     = (frame_size * 8) / av_q2d(enc->time_base) / 1000.0;
        avg_bitrate = (double)(video_size * 8) / ti1 / 1000.0;
        fprintf(vstats_file, "s_size= %8.0fkB time= %0.3f br= %7.1fkbits/s avg_br= %7.1fkbits/s ",
               (double)video_size / 1024, ti1, bitrate, avg_bitrate);
        fprintf(vstats_file, "type= %c\n", av_get_picture_type_char(enc->coded_frame->pict_type));
    }
}

static void print_report(OutputFile *output_files,
                         OutputStream *ost_table, int nb_ostreams,
                         int is_last_report, int64_t timer_start)
{
    char buf[1024];
    OutputStream *ost;
    AVFormatContext *oc;
    int64_t total_size;
    AVCodecContext *enc;
    int frame_number, vid, i;
    double bitrate, ti1, pts;
    static int64_t last_time = -1;
    static int qp_histogram[52];

    if (!print_stats && !is_last_report)
        return;

    if (!is_last_report) {
        int64_t cur_time;
        /* display the report every 0.5 seconds */
        cur_time = av_gettime();
        if (last_time == -1) {
            last_time = cur_time;
            return;
        }
        if ((cur_time - last_time) < 500000)
            return;
        last_time = cur_time;
    }


    oc = output_files[0].ctx;

    total_size = avio_size(oc->pb);
    if (total_size < 0) // FIXME improve avio_size() so it works with non seekable output too
        total_size = avio_tell(oc->pb);

    buf[0] = '\0';
    ti1 = 1e10;
    vid = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < nb_ostreams; i++) {
        float q = -1;
        ost = &ost_table[i];
        enc = ost->st->codec;
        if (!ost->stream_copy && enc->coded_frame)
            q = enc->coded_frame->quality / (float)FF_QP2LAMBDA;
        if (vid && enc->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
            snprintf(buf + strlen(buf), sizeof(buf) - strlen(buf), "q=%2.1f ", q);
        }
        if (!vid && enc->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
            float t = (av_gettime() - timer_start) / 1000000.0;

            frame_number = ost->frame_number;
            snprintf(buf + strlen(buf), sizeof(buf) - strlen(buf), "frame=%5d fps=%3d q=%3.1f ",
                     frame_number, (t > 1) ? (int)(frame_number / t + 0.5) : 0, q);
            if (is_last_report)
                snprintf(buf + strlen(buf), sizeof(buf) - strlen(buf), "L");
            if (qp_hist) {
                int j;
                int qp = lrintf(q);
                if (qp >= 0 && qp < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(qp_histogram))
                    qp_histogram[qp]++;
                for (j = 0; j < 32; j++)
                    snprintf(buf + strlen(buf), sizeof(buf) - strlen(buf), "%X", (int)lrintf(log(qp_histogram[j] + 1) / log(2)));
            }
            if (enc->flags&CODEC_FLAG_PSNR) {
                int j;
                double error, error_sum = 0;
                double scale, scale_sum = 0;
                char type[3] = { 'Y','U','V' };
                snprintf(buf + strlen(buf), sizeof(buf) - strlen(buf), "PSNR=");
                for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
                    if (is_last_report) {
                        error = enc->error[j];
                        scale = enc->width * enc->height * 255.0 * 255.0 * frame_number;
                    } else {
                        error = enc->coded_frame->error[j];
                        scale = enc->width * enc->height * 255.0 * 255.0;
                    }
                    if (j)
                        scale /= 4;
                    error_sum += error;
                    scale_sum += scale;
                    snprintf(buf + strlen(buf), sizeof(buf) - strlen(buf), "%c:%2.2f ", type[j], psnr(error / scale));
                }
                snprintf(buf + strlen(buf), sizeof(buf) - strlen(buf), "*:%2.2f ", psnr(error_sum / scale_sum));
            }
            vid = 1;
        }
        /* compute min output value */
        pts = (double)ost->st->pts.val * av_q2d(ost->st->time_base);
        if ((pts < ti1) && (pts > 0))
            ti1 = pts;
    }
    if (ti1 < 0.01)
        ti1 = 0.01;

    bitrate = (double)(total_size * 8) / ti1 / 1000.0;

    snprintf(buf + strlen(buf), sizeof(buf) - strlen(buf),
            "size=%8.0fkB time=%0.2f bitrate=%6.1fkbits/s",
            (double)total_size / 1024, ti1, bitrate);

    if (nb_frames_dup || nb_frames_drop)
        snprintf(buf + strlen(buf), sizeof(buf) - strlen(buf), " dup=%d drop=%d",
                nb_frames_dup, nb_frames_drop);

    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "%s    \r", buf);

    fflush(stderr);

    if (is_last_report) {
        int64_t raw= audio_size + video_size + extra_size;
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "\n");
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "video:%1.0fkB audio:%1.0fkB global headers:%1.0fkB muxing overhead %f%%\n",
               video_size / 1024.0,
               audio_size / 1024.0,
               extra_size / 1024.0,
               100.0 * (total_size - raw) / raw
        );
    }
}

static void flush_encoders(OutputStream *ost_table, int nb_ostreams)
{
    int i, ret;

    for (i = 0; i < nb_ostreams; i++) {
        OutputStream   *ost = &ost_table[i];
        AVCodecContext *enc = ost->st->codec;
        AVFormatContext *os = output_files[ost->file_index].ctx;
        int stop_encoding = 0;

        if (!ost->encoding_needed)
            continue;

        if (ost->st->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO && enc->frame_size <= 1)
            continue;
        if (ost->st->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO && (os->oformat->flags & AVFMT_RAWPICTURE) && enc->codec->id == CODEC_ID_RAWVIDEO)
            continue;

        for (;;) {
            AVPacket pkt;
            int fifo_bytes;
            av_init_packet(&pkt);
            pkt.data = NULL;
            pkt.size = 0;

            switch (ost->st->codec->codec_type) {
            case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
                fifo_bytes = av_fifo_size(ost->fifo);
                if (fifo_bytes > 0) {
                    /* encode any samples remaining in fifo */
                    int frame_bytes = fifo_bytes;

                    av_fifo_generic_read(ost->fifo, audio_buf, fifo_bytes, NULL);

                    /* pad last frame with silence if needed */
                    if (!(enc->codec->capabilities & CODEC_CAP_SMALL_LAST_FRAME)) {
                        frame_bytes = enc->frame_size * enc->channels *
                                      av_get_bytes_per_sample(enc->sample_fmt);
                        if (allocated_audio_buf_size < frame_bytes)
                            exit_program(1);
                        generate_silence(audio_buf+fifo_bytes, enc->sample_fmt, frame_bytes - fifo_bytes);
                    }
                    encode_audio_frame(os, ost, audio_buf, frame_bytes);
                } else {
                    /* flush encoder with NULL frames until it is done
                       returning packets */
                    if (encode_audio_frame(os, ost, NULL, 0) == 0) {
                        stop_encoding = 1;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                break;
            case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
                ret = avcodec_encode_video(enc, bit_buffer, bit_buffer_size, NULL);
                if (ret < 0) {
                    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Video encoding failed\n");
                    exit_program(1);
                }
                video_size += ret;
                if (enc->coded_frame && enc->coded_frame->key_frame)
                    pkt.flags |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
                if (ost->logfile && enc->stats_out) {
                    fprintf(ost->logfile, "%s", enc->stats_out);
                }
                if (ret <= 0) {
                    stop_encoding = 1;
                    break;
                }
                pkt.stream_index = ost->index;
                pkt.data = bit_buffer;
                pkt.size = ret;
                if (enc->coded_frame && enc->coded_frame->pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
                    pkt.pts = av_rescale_q(enc->coded_frame->pts, enc->time_base, ost->st->time_base);
                write_frame(os, &pkt, ost);
                break;
            default:
                stop_encoding = 1;
            }
            if (stop_encoding)
                break;
        }
    }
}

/*
 * Check whether a packet from ist should be written into ost at this time
 */
static int check_output_constraints(InputStream *ist, OutputStream *ost)
{
    OutputFile *of = &output_files[ost->file_index];
    int ist_index  = ist - input_streams;

    if (ost->source_index != ist_index)
        return 0;

    if (of->start_time && ist->pts < of->start_time)
        return 0;

    if (of->recording_time != INT64_MAX &&
        av_compare_ts(ist->pts, AV_TIME_BASE_Q, of->recording_time + of->start_time,
                      (AVRational){ 1, 1000000 }) >= 0) {
        ost->is_past_recording_time = 1;
        return 0;
    }

    return 1;
}

static void do_streamcopy(InputStream *ist, OutputStream *ost, const AVPacket *pkt)
{
    OutputFile *of = &output_files[ost->file_index];
    int64_t ost_tb_start_time = av_rescale_q(of->start_time, AV_TIME_BASE_Q, ost->st->time_base);
    AVPacket opkt;

    av_init_packet(&opkt);

    if ((!ost->frame_number && !(pkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY)) &&
        !ost->copy_initial_nonkeyframes)
        return;

    /* force the input stream PTS */
    if (ost->st->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO)
        audio_size += pkt->size;
    else if (ost->st->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
        video_size += pkt->size;
        ost->sync_opts++;
    }

    opkt.stream_index = ost->index;
    if (pkt->pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
        opkt.pts = av_rescale_q(pkt->pts, ist->st->time_base, ost->st->time_base) - ost_tb_start_time;
    else
        opkt.pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;

    if (pkt->dts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
        opkt.dts = av_rescale_q(ist->pts, AV_TIME_BASE_Q, ost->st->time_base);
    else
        opkt.dts = av_rescale_q(pkt->dts, ist->st->time_base, ost->st->time_base);
    opkt.dts -= ost_tb_start_time;

    opkt.duration = av_rescale_q(pkt->duration, ist->st->time_base, ost->st->time_base);
    opkt.flags    = pkt->flags;

    // FIXME remove the following 2 lines they shall be replaced by the bitstream filters
    if (  ost->st->codec->codec_id != CODEC_ID_H264
       && ost->st->codec->codec_id != CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO
       && ost->st->codec->codec_id != CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO
       ) {
        if (av_parser_change(ist->st->parser, ost->st->codec, &opkt.data, &opkt.size, pkt->data, pkt->size, pkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY))
            opkt.destruct = av_destruct_packet;
    } else {
        opkt.data = pkt->data;
        opkt.size = pkt->size;
    }

    write_frame(of->ctx, &opkt, ost);
    ost->st->codec->frame_number++;
    av_free_packet(&opkt);
}

static void rate_emu_sleep(InputStream *ist)
{
    if (input_files[ist->file_index].rate_emu) {
        int64_t pts = av_rescale(ist->pts, 1000000, AV_TIME_BASE);
        int64_t now = av_gettime() - ist->start;
        if (pts > now)
            usleep(pts - now);
    }
}

static int transcode_audio(InputStream *ist, AVPacket *pkt, int *got_output)
{
    AVFrame *decoded_frame;
    AVCodecContext *avctx = ist->st->codec;
    int bps = av_get_bytes_per_sample(ist->st->codec->sample_fmt);
    int i, ret;

    if (!ist->decoded_frame && !(ist->decoded_frame = avcodec_alloc_frame()))
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    else
        avcodec_get_frame_defaults(ist->decoded_frame);
    decoded_frame = ist->decoded_frame;

    ret = avcodec_decode_audio4(avctx, decoded_frame, got_output, pkt);
    if (ret < 0) {
        return ret;
    }

    if (!*got_output) {
        /* no audio frame */
        return ret;
    }

    /* if the decoder provides a pts, use it instead of the last packet pts.
       the decoder could be delaying output by a packet or more. */
    if (decoded_frame->pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
        ist->next_pts = decoded_frame->pts;

    /* increment next_pts to use for the case where the input stream does not
       have timestamps or there are multiple frames in the packet */
    ist->next_pts += ((int64_t)AV_TIME_BASE * decoded_frame->nb_samples) /
                     avctx->sample_rate;

    // preprocess audio (volume)
    if (audio_volume != 256) {
        int decoded_data_size = decoded_frame->nb_samples * avctx->channels * bps;
        void *samples = decoded_frame->data[0];
        switch (avctx->sample_fmt) {
        case AV_SAMPLE_FMT_U8:
        {
            uint8_t *volp = samples;
            for (i = 0; i < (decoded_data_size / sizeof(*volp)); i++) {
                int v = (((*volp - 128) * audio_volume + 128) >> 8) + 128;
                *volp++ = av_clip_uint8(v);
            }
            break;
        }
        case AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16:
        {
            int16_t *volp = samples;
            for (i = 0; i < (decoded_data_size / sizeof(*volp)); i++) {
                int v = ((*volp) * audio_volume + 128) >> 8;
                *volp++ = av_clip_int16(v);
            }
            break;
        }
        case AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S32:
        {
            int32_t *volp = samples;
            for (i = 0; i < (decoded_data_size / sizeof(*volp)); i++) {
                int64_t v = (((int64_t)*volp * audio_volume + 128) >> 8);
                *volp++ = av_clipl_int32(v);
            }
            break;
        }
        case AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLT:
        {
            float *volp = samples;
            float scale = audio_volume / 256.f;
            for (i = 0; i < (decoded_data_size / sizeof(*volp)); i++) {
                *volp++ *= scale;
            }
            break;
        }
        case AV_SAMPLE_FMT_DBL:
        {
            double *volp = samples;
            double scale = audio_volume / 256.;
            for (i = 0; i < (decoded_data_size / sizeof(*volp)); i++) {
                *volp++ *= scale;
            }
            break;
        }
        default:
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL,
                   "Audio volume adjustment on sample format %s is not supported.\n",
                   av_get_sample_fmt_name(ist->st->codec->sample_fmt));
            exit_program(1);
        }
    }

    rate_emu_sleep(ist);

    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
        OutputStream *ost = &output_streams[i];

        if (!check_output_constraints(ist, ost) || !ost->encoding_needed)
            continue;
        do_audio_out(output_files[ost->file_index].ctx, ost, ist, decoded_frame);
    }

    return ret;
}

static int transcode_video(InputStream *ist, AVPacket *pkt, int *got_output, int64_t *pkt_pts)
{
    AVFrame *decoded_frame, *filtered_frame = NULL;
    void *buffer_to_free = NULL;
    int i, ret = 0;
    float quality;
#if CONFIG_AVFILTER
    int frame_available = 1;
#endif

    if (!ist->decoded_frame && !(ist->decoded_frame = avcodec_alloc_frame()))
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    else
        avcodec_get_frame_defaults(ist->decoded_frame);
    decoded_frame = ist->decoded_frame;
    pkt->pts  = *pkt_pts;
    pkt->dts  = ist->pts;
    *pkt_pts  = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;

    ret = avcodec_decode_video2(ist->st->codec,
                                decoded_frame, got_output, pkt);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;

    quality = same_quant ? decoded_frame->quality : 0;
    if (!*got_output) {
        /* no picture yet */
        return ret;
    }
    ist->next_pts = ist->pts = guess_correct_pts(&ist->pts_ctx, decoded_frame->pkt_pts,
                                                 decoded_frame->pkt_dts);
    if (pkt->duration)
        ist->next_pts += av_rescale_q(pkt->duration, ist->st->time_base, AV_TIME_BASE_Q);
    else if (ist->st->codec->time_base.num != 0) {
        int ticks      = ist->st->parser ? ist->st->parser->repeat_pict + 1 :
                                           ist->st->codec->ticks_per_frame;
        ist->next_pts += ((int64_t)AV_TIME_BASE *
                          ist->st->codec->time_base.num * ticks) /
                          ist->st->codec->time_base.den;
    }
    pkt->size = 0;
    pre_process_video_frame(ist, (AVPicture *)decoded_frame, &buffer_to_free);

    rate_emu_sleep(ist);

    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
        OutputStream *ost = &output_streams[i];
        int frame_size, resample_changed;

        if (!check_output_constraints(ist, ost) || !ost->encoding_needed)
            continue;

#if CONFIG_AVFILTER
        resample_changed = ost->resample_width   != decoded_frame->width  ||
                           ost->resample_height  != decoded_frame->height ||
                           ost->resample_pix_fmt != decoded_frame->format;
        if (resample_changed) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO,
                    "Input stream #%d:%d frame changed from size:%dx%d fmt:%s to size:%dx%d fmt:%s\n",
                    ist->file_index, ist->st->index,
                    ost->resample_width,  ost->resample_height,  av_get_pix_fmt_name(ost->resample_pix_fmt),
                    decoded_frame->width, decoded_frame->height, av_get_pix_fmt_name(decoded_frame->format));

            avfilter_graph_free(&ost->graph);
            if (configure_video_filters(ist, ost)) {
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Error reinitializing filters!\n");
                exit_program(1);
            }

            ost->resample_width   = decoded_frame->width;
            ost->resample_height  = decoded_frame->height;
            ost->resample_pix_fmt = decoded_frame->format;
        }

        if (ist->st->sample_aspect_ratio.num)
            decoded_frame->sample_aspect_ratio = ist->st->sample_aspect_ratio;
        if (ist->st->codec->codec->capabilities & CODEC_CAP_DR1) {
            FrameBuffer      *buf = decoded_frame->opaque;
            AVFilterBufferRef *fb = avfilter_get_video_buffer_ref_from_arrays(
                                        decoded_frame->data, decoded_frame->linesize,
                                        AV_PERM_READ | AV_PERM_PRESERVE,
                                        ist->st->codec->width, ist->st->codec->height,
                                        ist->st->codec->pix_fmt);

            avfilter_copy_frame_props(fb, decoded_frame);
            fb->pts                 = ist->pts;
            fb->buf->priv           = buf;
            fb->buf->free           = filter_release_buffer;

            buf->refcount++;
            av_buffersrc_buffer(ost->input_video_filter, fb);
        } else
            av_vsrc_buffer_add_frame(ost->input_video_filter, decoded_frame,
                                     ist->pts, decoded_frame->sample_aspect_ratio);

        if (!ist->filtered_frame && !(ist->filtered_frame = avcodec_alloc_frame())) {
            av_free(buffer_to_free);
            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        } else
            avcodec_get_frame_defaults(ist->filtered_frame);
        filtered_frame = ist->filtered_frame;

        frame_available = avfilter_poll_frame(ost->output_video_filter->inputs[0]);
        while (frame_available) {
            AVRational ist_pts_tb;
            if (ost->output_video_filter)
                get_filtered_video_frame(ost->output_video_filter, filtered_frame, &ost->picref, &ist_pts_tb);
            if (ost->picref)
                ist->pts = av_rescale_q(ost->picref->pts, ist_pts_tb, AV_TIME_BASE_Q);
            if (ost->picref->video && !ost->frame_aspect_ratio)
                ost->st->codec->sample_aspect_ratio = ost->picref->video->pixel_aspect;
#else
            filtered_frame = decoded_frame;
#endif

            do_video_out(output_files[ost->file_index].ctx, ost, ist, filtered_frame, &frame_size,
                         same_quant ? quality : ost->st->codec->global_quality);
            if (vstats_filename && frame_size)
                do_video_stats(output_files[ost->file_index].ctx, ost, frame_size);
#if CONFIG_AVFILTER
            frame_available = ost->output_video_filter && avfilter_poll_frame(ost->output_video_filter->inputs[0]);
            if (ost->picref)
                avfilter_unref_buffer(ost->picref);
        }
#endif
    }

    av_free(buffer_to_free);
    return ret;
}

static int transcode_subtitles(InputStream *ist, AVPacket *pkt, int *got_output)
{
    AVSubtitle subtitle;
    int i, ret = avcodec_decode_subtitle2(ist->st->codec,
                                          &subtitle, got_output, pkt);
    if (ret < 0)
        return ret;
    if (!*got_output)
        return ret;

    rate_emu_sleep(ist);

    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
        OutputStream *ost = &output_streams[i];

        if (!check_output_constraints(ist, ost) || !ost->encoding_needed)
            continue;

        do_subtitle_out(output_files[ost->file_index].ctx, ost, ist, &subtitle, pkt->pts);
    }

    avsubtitle_free(&subtitle);
    return ret;
}

/* pkt = NULL means EOF (needed to flush decoder buffers) */
static int output_packet(InputStream *ist,
                         OutputStream *ost_table, int nb_ostreams,
                         const AVPacket *pkt)
{
    int i;
    int got_output;
    int64_t pkt_pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
    AVPacket avpkt;

    if (ist->next_pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
        ist->next_pts = ist->pts;

    if (pkt == NULL) {
        /* EOF handling */
        av_init_packet(&avpkt);
        avpkt.data = NULL;
        avpkt.size = 0;
        goto handle_eof;
    } else {
        avpkt = *pkt;
    }

    if (pkt->dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
        ist->next_pts = ist->pts = av_rescale_q(pkt->dts, ist->st->time_base, AV_TIME_BASE_Q);
    if (pkt->pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
        pkt_pts = av_rescale_q(pkt->pts, ist->st->time_base, AV_TIME_BASE_Q);

    // while we have more to decode or while the decoder did output something on EOF
    while (ist->decoding_needed && (avpkt.size > 0 || (!pkt && got_output))) {
        int ret = 0;
    handle_eof:

        ist->pts = ist->next_pts;

        if (avpkt.size && avpkt.size != pkt->size) {
            av_log(NULL, ist->showed_multi_packet_warning ? AV_LOG_VERBOSE : AV_LOG_WARNING,
                   "Multiple frames in a packet from stream %d\n", pkt->stream_index);
            ist->showed_multi_packet_warning = 1;
        }

        switch (ist->st->codec->codec_type) {
        case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
            ret = transcode_audio    (ist, &avpkt, &got_output);
            break;
        case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
            ret = transcode_video    (ist, &avpkt, &got_output, &pkt_pts);
            break;
        case AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE:
            ret = transcode_subtitles(ist, &avpkt, &got_output);
            break;
        default:
            return -1;
        }

        if (ret < 0)
            return ret;
        // touch data and size only if not EOF
        if (pkt) {
            avpkt.data += ret;
            avpkt.size -= ret;
        }
        if (!got_output) {
            continue;
        }
    }

    /* handle stream copy */
    if (!ist->decoding_needed) {
        rate_emu_sleep(ist);
        ist->pts = ist->next_pts;
        switch (ist->st->codec->codec_type) {
        case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
            ist->next_pts += ((int64_t)AV_TIME_BASE * ist->st->codec->frame_size) /
                             ist->st->codec->sample_rate;
            break;
        case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
            if (ist->st->codec->time_base.num != 0) {
                int ticks = ist->st->parser ? ist->st->parser->repeat_pict + 1 : ist->st->codec->ticks_per_frame;
                ist->next_pts += ((int64_t)AV_TIME_BASE *
                                  ist->st->codec->time_base.num * ticks) /
                                  ist->st->codec->time_base.den;
            }
            break;
        }
    }
    for (i = 0; pkt && i < nb_ostreams; i++) {
        OutputStream *ost = &ost_table[i];

        if (!check_output_constraints(ist, ost) || ost->encoding_needed)
            continue;

        do_streamcopy(ist, ost, pkt);
    }

    return 0;
}

static void print_sdp(OutputFile *output_files, int n)
{
    char sdp[2048];
    int i;
    AVFormatContext **avc = av_malloc(sizeof(*avc) * n);

    if (!avc)
        exit_program(1);
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
        avc[i] = output_files[i].ctx;

    av_sdp_create(avc, n, sdp, sizeof(sdp));
    printf("SDP:\n%s\n", sdp);
    fflush(stdout);
    av_freep(&avc);
}

static int init_input_stream(int ist_index, OutputStream *output_streams, int nb_output_streams,
                             char *error, int error_len)
{
    int i;
    InputStream *ist = &input_streams[ist_index];
    if (ist->decoding_needed) {
        AVCodec *codec = ist->dec;
        if (!codec) {
            snprintf(error, error_len, "Decoder (codec id %d) not found for input stream #%d:%d",
                    ist->st->codec->codec_id, ist->file_index, ist->st->index);
            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
        }

        /* update requested sample format for the decoder based on the
           corresponding encoder sample format */
        for (i = 0; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
            OutputStream *ost = &output_streams[i];
            if (ost->source_index == ist_index) {
                update_sample_fmt(ist->st->codec, codec, ost->st->codec);
                break;
            }
        }

        if (codec->type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO && codec->capabilities & CODEC_CAP_DR1) {
            ist->st->codec->get_buffer     = codec_get_buffer;
            ist->st->codec->release_buffer = codec_release_buffer;
            ist->st->codec->opaque         = ist;
        }

        if (!av_dict_get(ist->opts, "threads", NULL, 0))
            av_dict_set(&ist->opts, "threads", "auto", 0);
        if (avcodec_open2(ist->st->codec, codec, &ist->opts) < 0) {
            snprintf(error, error_len, "Error while opening decoder for input stream #%d:%d",
                    ist->file_index, ist->st->index);
            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
        }
        assert_codec_experimental(ist->st->codec, 0);
        assert_avoptions(ist->opts);
    }

    ist->pts = ist->st->avg_frame_rate.num ? - ist->st->codec->has_b_frames * AV_TIME_BASE / av_q2d(ist->st->avg_frame_rate) : 0;
    ist->next_pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
    init_pts_correction(&ist->pts_ctx);
    ist->is_start = 1;

    return 0;
}

static void parse_forced_key_frames(char *kf, OutputStream *ost,
                                    AVCodecContext *avctx)
{
    char *p;
    int n = 1, i;
    int64_t t;

    for (p = kf; *p; p++)
        if (*p == ',')
            n++;
    ost->forced_kf_count = n;
    ost->forced_kf_pts   = av_malloc(sizeof(*ost->forced_kf_pts) * n);
    if (!ost->forced_kf_pts) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Could not allocate forced key frames array.\n");
        exit_program(1);
    }

    p = kf;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        char *next = strchr(p, ',');

        if (next)
            *next++ = 0;

        t = parse_time_or_die("force_key_frames", p, 1);
        ost->forced_kf_pts[i] = av_rescale_q(t, AV_TIME_BASE_Q, avctx->time_base);

        p = next;
    }
}

static int transcode_init(OutputFile *output_files,
                          int nb_output_files,
                          InputFile *input_files,
                          int nb_input_files)
{
    int ret = 0, i, j, k;
    AVFormatContext *oc;
    AVCodecContext *codec, *icodec;
    OutputStream *ost;
    InputStream *ist;
    char error[1024];
    int want_sdp = 1;

    /* init framerate emulation */
    for (i = 0; i < nb_input_files; i++) {
        InputFile *ifile = &input_files[i];
        if (ifile->rate_emu)
            for (j = 0; j < ifile->nb_streams; j++)
                input_streams[j + ifile->ist_index].start = av_gettime();
    }

    /* output stream init */
    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_files; i++) {
        oc = output_files[i].ctx;
        if (!oc->nb_streams && !(oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOSTREAMS)) {
            av_dump_format(oc, i, oc->filename, 1);
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Output file #%d does not contain any stream\n", i);
            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
        }
    }

    /* for each output stream, we compute the right encoding parameters */
    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
        ost = &output_streams[i];
        oc  = output_files[ost->file_index].ctx;
        ist = &input_streams[ost->source_index];

        if (ost->attachment_filename)
            continue;

        codec  = ost->st->codec;
        icodec = ist->st->codec;

        ost->st->disposition          = ist->st->disposition;
        codec->bits_per_raw_sample    = icodec->bits_per_raw_sample;
        codec->chroma_sample_location = icodec->chroma_sample_location;

        if (ost->stream_copy) {
            uint64_t extra_size = (uint64_t)icodec->extradata_size + FF_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE;

            if (extra_size > INT_MAX) {
                return AVERROR(EINVAL);
            }

            /* if stream_copy is selected, no need to decode or encode */
            codec->codec_id   = icodec->codec_id;
            codec->codec_type = icodec->codec_type;

            if (!codec->codec_tag) {
                if (!oc->oformat->codec_tag ||
                     av_codec_get_id (oc->oformat->codec_tag, icodec->codec_tag) == codec->codec_id ||
                     av_codec_get_tag(oc->oformat->codec_tag, icodec->codec_id) <= 0)
                    codec->codec_tag = icodec->codec_tag;
            }

            codec->bit_rate       = icodec->bit_rate;
            codec->rc_max_rate    = icodec->rc_max_rate;
            codec->rc_buffer_size = icodec->rc_buffer_size;
            codec->field_order    = icodec->field_order;
            codec->extradata      = av_mallocz(extra_size);
            if (!codec->extradata) {
                return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
            }
            memcpy(codec->extradata, icodec->extradata, icodec->extradata_size);
            codec->extradata_size = icodec->extradata_size;
            if (!copy_tb) {
                codec->time_base      = icodec->time_base;
                codec->time_base.num *= icodec->ticks_per_frame;
                av_reduce(&codec->time_base.num, &codec->time_base.den,
                          codec->time_base.num, codec->time_base.den, INT_MAX);
            } else
                codec->time_base = ist->st->time_base;

            switch (codec->codec_type) {
            case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
                if (audio_volume != 256) {
                    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "-acodec copy and -vol are incompatible (frames are not decoded)\n");
                    exit_program(1);
                }
                codec->channel_layout     = icodec->channel_layout;
                codec->sample_rate        = icodec->sample_rate;
                codec->channels           = icodec->channels;
                codec->frame_size         = icodec->frame_size;
                codec->audio_service_type = icodec->audio_service_type;
                codec->block_align        = icodec->block_align;
                break;
            case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
                codec->pix_fmt            = icodec->pix_fmt;
                codec->width              = icodec->width;
                codec->height             = icodec->height;
                codec->has_b_frames       = icodec->has_b_frames;
                if (!codec->sample_aspect_ratio.num) {
                    codec->sample_aspect_ratio   =
                    ost->st->sample_aspect_ratio =
                        ist->st->sample_aspect_ratio.num ? ist->st->sample_aspect_ratio :
                        ist->st->codec->sample_aspect_ratio.num ?
                        ist->st->codec->sample_aspect_ratio : (AVRational){0, 1};
                }
                break;
            case AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE:
                codec->width  = icodec->width;
                codec->height = icodec->height;
                break;
            case AVMEDIA_TYPE_DATA:
            case AVMEDIA_TYPE_ATTACHMENT:
                break;
            default:
                abort();
            }
        } else {
            if (!ost->enc)
                ost->enc = avcodec_find_encoder(ost->st->codec->codec_id);

            ist->decoding_needed = 1;
            ost->encoding_needed = 1;

            switch (codec->codec_type) {
            case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
                ost->fifo = av_fifo_alloc(1024);
                if (!ost->fifo) {
                    return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
                }
                ost->reformat_pair = MAKE_SFMT_PAIR(AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE,AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE);

                if (!codec->sample_rate)
                    codec->sample_rate = icodec->sample_rate;
                choose_sample_rate(ost->st, ost->enc);
                codec->time_base = (AVRational){ 1, codec->sample_rate };

                if (codec->sample_fmt == AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE)
                    codec->sample_fmt = icodec->sample_fmt;
                choose_sample_fmt(ost->st, ost->enc);

                if (!codec->channels)
                    codec->channels = icodec->channels;
                codec->channel_layout = icodec->channel_layout;
                if (av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(codec->channel_layout) != codec->channels)
                    codec->channel_layout = 0;

                ost->audio_resample       = codec-> sample_rate != icodec->sample_rate || audio_sync_method > 1;
                icodec->request_channels  = codec-> channels;
                ost->resample_sample_fmt  = icodec->sample_fmt;
                ost->resample_sample_rate = icodec->sample_rate;
                ost->resample_channels    = icodec->channels;
                break;
            case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
                if (codec->pix_fmt == PIX_FMT_NONE)
                    codec->pix_fmt = icodec->pix_fmt;
                choose_pixel_fmt(ost->st, ost->enc);

                if (ost->st->codec->pix_fmt == PIX_FMT_NONE) {
                    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Video pixel format is unknown, stream cannot be encoded\n");
                    exit_program(1);
                }

                if (!codec->width || !codec->height) {
                    codec->width  = icodec->width;
                    codec->height = icodec->height;
                }

                ost->video_resample = codec->width   != icodec->width  ||
                                      codec->height  != icodec->height ||
                                      codec->pix_fmt != icodec->pix_fmt;
                if (ost->video_resample) {
#if !CONFIG_AVFILTER
                    avcodec_get_frame_defaults(&ost->pict_tmp);
                    if (avpicture_alloc((AVPicture*)&ost->pict_tmp, codec->pix_fmt,
                                       codec->width, codec->height)) {
                        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Cannot allocate temp picture, check pix fmt\n");
                        exit_program(1);
                    }
                    ost->img_resample_ctx = sws_getContext(
                        icodec->width,
                        icodec->height,
                        icodec->pix_fmt,
                        codec->width,
                        codec->height,
                        codec->pix_fmt,
                        ost->sws_flags, NULL, NULL, NULL);
                    if (ost->img_resample_ctx == NULL) {
                        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Cannot get resampling context\n");
                        exit_program(1);
                    }
#endif
                    codec->bits_per_raw_sample = 0;
                }

                ost->resample_height  = icodec->height;
                ost->resample_width   = icodec->width;
                ost->resample_pix_fmt = icodec->pix_fmt;

                if (!ost->frame_rate.num)
                    ost->frame_rate = ist->st->r_frame_rate.num ? ist->st->r_frame_rate : (AVRational) { 25, 1 };
                if (ost->enc && ost->enc->supported_framerates && !ost->force_fps) {
                    int idx = av_find_nearest_q_idx(ost->frame_rate, ost->enc->supported_framerates);
                    ost->frame_rate = ost->enc->supported_framerates[idx];
                }
                codec->time_base = (AVRational){ost->frame_rate.den, ost->frame_rate.num};

#if CONFIG_AVFILTER
                if (configure_video_filters(ist, ost)) {
                    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Error opening filters!\n");
                    exit(1);
                }
#endif
                if (ost->forced_keyframes)
                    parse_forced_key_frames(ost->forced_keyframes, ost,
                                            ost->st->codec);
                break;
            case AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE:
                break;
            default:
                abort();
                break;
            }
            /* two pass mode */
            if ((codec->flags & (CODEC_FLAG_PASS1 | CODEC_FLAG_PASS2))) {
                char logfilename[1024];
                FILE *f;

                snprintf(logfilename, sizeof(logfilename), "%s-%d.log",
                         pass_logfilename_prefix ? pass_logfilename_prefix : DEFAULT_PASS_LOGFILENAME_PREFIX,
                         i);
                if (!strcmp(ost->enc->name, "libx264")) {
                    av_dict_set(&ost->opts, "stats", logfilename, AV_DICT_DONT_OVERWRITE);
                } else {
                    if (codec->flags & CODEC_FLAG_PASS1) {
                        f = fopen(logfilename, "wb");
                        if (!f) {
                            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Cannot write log file '%s' for pass-1 encoding: %s\n",
                                   logfilename, strerror(errno));
                            exit_program(1);
                        }
                        ost->logfile = f;
                    } else {
                        char  *logbuffer;
                        size_t logbuffer_size;
                        if (cmdutils_read_file(logfilename, &logbuffer, &logbuffer_size) < 0) {
                            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Error reading log file '%s' for pass-2 encoding\n",
                                   logfilename);
                            exit_program(1);
                        }
                        codec->stats_in = logbuffer;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
            int        size = codec->width * codec->height;
            bit_buffer_size = FFMAX(bit_buffer_size, 6 * size + 200);
        }
    }

    if (!bit_buffer)
        bit_buffer = av_malloc(bit_buffer_size);
    if (!bit_buffer) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Cannot allocate %d bytes output buffer\n",
               bit_buffer_size);
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }

    /* open each encoder */
    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
        ost = &output_streams[i];
        if (ost->encoding_needed) {
            AVCodec      *codec = ost->enc;
            AVCodecContext *dec = input_streams[ost->source_index].st->codec;
            if (!codec) {
                snprintf(error, sizeof(error), "Encoder (codec id %d) not found for output stream #%d:%d",
                         ost->st->codec->codec_id, ost->file_index, ost->index);
                ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
                goto dump_format;
            }
            if (dec->subtitle_header) {
                ost->st->codec->subtitle_header = av_malloc(dec->subtitle_header_size);
                if (!ost->st->codec->subtitle_header) {
                    ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
                    goto dump_format;
                }
                memcpy(ost->st->codec->subtitle_header, dec->subtitle_header, dec->subtitle_header_size);
                ost->st->codec->subtitle_header_size = dec->subtitle_header_size;
            }
            if (!av_dict_get(ost->opts, "threads", NULL, 0))
                av_dict_set(&ost->opts, "threads", "auto", 0);
            if (avcodec_open2(ost->st->codec, codec, &ost->opts) < 0) {
                snprintf(error, sizeof(error), "Error while opening encoder for output stream #%d:%d - maybe incorrect parameters such as bit_rate, rate, width or height",
                        ost->file_index, ost->index);
                ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
                goto dump_format;
            }
            assert_codec_experimental(ost->st->codec, 1);
            assert_avoptions(ost->opts);
            if (ost->st->codec->bit_rate && ost->st->codec->bit_rate < 1000)
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "The bitrate parameter is set too low."
                                             "It takes bits/s as argument, not kbits/s\n");
            extra_size += ost->st->codec->extradata_size;

            if (ost->st->codec->me_threshold)
                input_streams[ost->source_index].st->codec->debug |= FF_DEBUG_MV;
        }
    }

    /* init input streams */
    for (i = 0; i < nb_input_streams; i++)
        if ((ret = init_input_stream(i, output_streams, nb_output_streams, error, sizeof(error))) < 0)
            goto dump_format;

    /* discard unused programs */
    for (i = 0; i < nb_input_files; i++) {
        InputFile *ifile = &input_files[i];
        for (j = 0; j < ifile->ctx->nb_programs; j++) {
            AVProgram *p = ifile->ctx->programs[j];
            int discard  = AVDISCARD_ALL;

            for (k = 0; k < p->nb_stream_indexes; k++)
                if (!input_streams[ifile->ist_index + p->stream_index[k]].discard) {
                    discard = AVDISCARD_DEFAULT;
                    break;
                }
            p->discard = discard;
        }
    }

    /* open files and write file headers */
    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_files; i++) {
        oc = output_files[i].ctx;
        oc->interrupt_callback = int_cb;
        if (avformat_write_header(oc, &output_files[i].opts) < 0) {
            snprintf(error, sizeof(error), "Could not write header for output file #%d (incorrect codec parameters ?)", i);
            ret = AVERROR(EINVAL);
            goto dump_format;
        }
        assert_avoptions(output_files[i].opts);
        if (strcmp(oc->oformat->name, "rtp")) {
            want_sdp = 0;
        }
    }

 dump_format:
    /* dump the file output parameters - cannot be done before in case
       of stream copy */
    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_files; i++) {
        av_dump_format(output_files[i].ctx, i, output_files[i].ctx->filename, 1);
    }

    /* dump the stream mapping */
    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "Stream mapping:\n");
    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
        ost = &output_streams[i];

        if (ost->attachment_filename) {
            /* an attached file */
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "  File %s -> Stream #%d:%d\n",
                   ost->attachment_filename, ost->file_index, ost->index);
            continue;
        }
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "  Stream #%d:%d -> #%d:%d",
               input_streams[ost->source_index].file_index,
               input_streams[ost->source_index].st->index,
               ost->file_index,
               ost->index);
        if (ost->sync_ist != &input_streams[ost->source_index])
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, " [sync #%d:%d]",
                   ost->sync_ist->file_index,
                   ost->sync_ist->st->index);
        if (ost->stream_copy)
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, " (copy)");
        else
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, " (%s -> %s)", input_streams[ost->source_index].dec ?
                   input_streams[ost->source_index].dec->name : "?",
                   ost->enc ? ost->enc->name : "?");
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "\n");
    }

    if (ret) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "%s\n", error);
        return ret;
    }

    if (want_sdp) {
        print_sdp(output_files, nb_output_files);
    }

    return 0;
}

/*
 * The following code is the main loop of the file converter
 */
static int transcode(OutputFile *output_files,
                     int nb_output_files,
                     InputFile *input_files,
                     int nb_input_files)
{
    int ret, i;
    AVFormatContext *is, *os;
    OutputStream *ost;
    InputStream *ist;
    uint8_t *no_packet;
    int no_packet_count = 0;
    int64_t timer_start;

    if (!(no_packet = av_mallocz(nb_input_files)))
        exit_program(1);

    ret = transcode_init(output_files, nb_output_files, input_files, nb_input_files);
    if (ret < 0)
        goto fail;

    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "Press ctrl-c to stop encoding\n");
    term_init();

    timer_start = av_gettime();

    for (; received_sigterm == 0;) {
        int file_index, ist_index;
        AVPacket pkt;
        int64_t ipts_min;
        double opts_min;

        ipts_min = INT64_MAX;
        opts_min = 1e100;

        /* select the stream that we must read now by looking at the
           smallest output pts */
        file_index = -1;
        for (i = 0; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
            OutputFile *of;
            int64_t ipts;
            double  opts;
            ost = &output_streams[i];
            of = &output_files[ost->file_index];
            os = output_files[ost->file_index].ctx;
            ist = &input_streams[ost->source_index];
            if (ost->is_past_recording_time || no_packet[ist->file_index] ||
                (os->pb && avio_tell(os->pb) >= of->limit_filesize))
                continue;
            opts = ost->st->pts.val * av_q2d(ost->st->time_base);
            ipts = ist->pts;
            if (!input_files[ist->file_index].eof_reached) {
                if (ipts < ipts_min) {
                    ipts_min = ipts;
                    if (input_sync)
                        file_index = ist->file_index;
                }
                if (opts < opts_min) {
                    opts_min = opts;
                    if (!input_sync) file_index = ist->file_index;
                }
            }
            if (ost->frame_number >= ost->max_frames) {
                int j;
                for (j = 0; j < of->ctx->nb_streams; j++)
                    output_streams[of->ost_index + j].is_past_recording_time = 1;
                continue;
            }
        }
        /* if none, if is finished */
        if (file_index < 0) {
            if (no_packet_count) {
                no_packet_count = 0;
                memset(no_packet, 0, nb_input_files);
                usleep(10000);
                continue;
            }
            break;
        }

        /* read a frame from it and output it in the fifo */
        is  = input_files[file_index].ctx;
        ret = av_read_frame(is, &pkt);
        if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {
            no_packet[file_index] = 1;
            no_packet_count++;
            continue;
        }
        if (ret < 0) {
            input_files[file_index].eof_reached = 1;
            if (opt_shortest)
                break;
            else
                continue;
        }

        no_packet_count = 0;
        memset(no_packet, 0, nb_input_files);

        if (do_pkt_dump) {
            av_pkt_dump_log2(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG, &pkt, do_hex_dump,
                             is->streams[pkt.stream_index]);
        }
        /* the following test is needed in case new streams appear
           dynamically in stream : we ignore them */
        if (pkt.stream_index >= input_files[file_index].nb_streams)
            goto discard_packet;
        ist_index = input_files[file_index].ist_index + pkt.stream_index;
        ist = &input_streams[ist_index];
        if (ist->discard)
            goto discard_packet;

        if (pkt.dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
            pkt.dts += av_rescale_q(input_files[ist->file_index].ts_offset, AV_TIME_BASE_Q, ist->st->time_base);
        if (pkt.pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
            pkt.pts += av_rescale_q(input_files[ist->file_index].ts_offset, AV_TIME_BASE_Q, ist->st->time_base);

        if (pkt.pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
            pkt.pts *= ist->ts_scale;
        if (pkt.dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
            pkt.dts *= ist->ts_scale;

        //fprintf(stderr, "next:%"PRId64" dts:%"PRId64" off:%"PRId64" %d\n",
        //        ist->next_pts,
        //        pkt.dts, input_files[ist->file_index].ts_offset,
        //        ist->st->codec->codec_type);
        if (pkt.dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE && ist->next_pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE
            && (is->iformat->flags & AVFMT_TS_DISCONT)) {
            int64_t pkt_dts = av_rescale_q(pkt.dts, ist->st->time_base, AV_TIME_BASE_Q);
            int64_t delta   = pkt_dts - ist->next_pts;
            if ((FFABS(delta) > 1LL * dts_delta_threshold * AV_TIME_BASE || pkt_dts + 1 < ist->pts) && !copy_ts) {
                input_files[ist->file_index].ts_offset -= delta;
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_DEBUG,
                       "timestamp discontinuity %"PRId64", new offset= %"PRId64"\n",
                       delta, input_files[ist->file_index].ts_offset);
                pkt.dts-= av_rescale_q(delta, AV_TIME_BASE_Q, ist->st->time_base);
                if (pkt.pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
                    pkt.pts-= av_rescale_q(delta, AV_TIME_BASE_Q, ist->st->time_base);
            }
        }

        // fprintf(stderr,"read #%d.%d size=%d\n", ist->file_index, ist->st->index, pkt.size);
        if (output_packet(ist, output_streams, nb_output_streams, &pkt) < 0) {

            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Error while decoding stream #%d:%d\n",
                   ist->file_index, ist->st->index);
            if (exit_on_error)
                exit_program(1);
            av_free_packet(&pkt);
            continue;
        }

    discard_packet:
        av_free_packet(&pkt);

        /* dump report by using the output first video and audio streams */
        print_report(output_files, output_streams, nb_output_streams, 0, timer_start);
    }

    /* at the end of stream, we must flush the decoder buffers */
    for (i = 0; i < nb_input_streams; i++) {
        ist = &input_streams[i];
        if (ist->decoding_needed) {
            output_packet(ist, output_streams, nb_output_streams, NULL);
        }
    }
    flush_encoders(output_streams, nb_output_streams);

    term_exit();

    /* write the trailer if needed and close file */
    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_files; i++) {
        os = output_files[i].ctx;
        av_write_trailer(os);
    }

    /* dump report by using the first video and audio streams */
    print_report(output_files, output_streams, nb_output_streams, 1, timer_start);

    /* close each encoder */
    for (i = 0; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
        ost = &output_streams[i];
        if (ost->encoding_needed) {
            av_freep(&ost->st->codec->stats_in);
            avcodec_close(ost->st->codec);
        }
#if CONFIG_AVFILTER
        avfilter_graph_free(&ost->graph);
#endif
    }

    /* close each decoder */
    for (i = 0; i < nb_input_streams; i++) {
        ist = &input_streams[i];
        if (ist->decoding_needed) {
            avcodec_close(ist->st->codec);
        }
    }

    /* finished ! */
    ret = 0;

 fail:
    av_freep(&bit_buffer);
    av_freep(&no_packet);

    if (output_streams) {
        for (i = 0; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
            ost = &output_streams[i];
            if (ost) {
                if (ost->stream_copy)
                    av_freep(&ost->st->codec->extradata);
                if (ost->logfile) {
                    fclose(ost->logfile);
                    ost->logfile = NULL;
                }
                av_fifo_free(ost->fifo); /* works even if fifo is not
                                             initialized but set to zero */
                av_freep(&ost->st->codec->subtitle_header);
                av_free(ost->pict_tmp.data[0]);
                av_free(ost->forced_kf_pts);
                if (ost->video_resample)
                    sws_freeContext(ost->img_resample_ctx);
                if (ost->resample)
                    audio_resample_close(ost->resample);
                if (ost->reformat_ctx)
                    av_audio_convert_free(ost->reformat_ctx);
                av_dict_free(&ost->opts);
            }
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

static double parse_frame_aspect_ratio(const char *arg)
{
    int x = 0, y = 0;
    double ar = 0;
    const char *p;
    char *end;

    p = strchr(arg, ':');
    if (p) {
        x = strtol(arg, &end, 10);
        if (end == p)
            y = strtol(end + 1, &end, 10);
        if (x > 0 && y > 0)
            ar = (double)x / (double)y;
    } else
        ar = strtod(arg, NULL);

    if (!ar) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Incorrect aspect ratio specification.\n");
        exit_program(1);
    }
    return ar;
}

static int opt_audio_codec(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    return parse_option(o, "codec:a", arg, options);
}

static int opt_video_codec(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    return parse_option(o, "codec:v", arg, options);
}

static int opt_subtitle_codec(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    return parse_option(o, "codec:s", arg, options);
}

static int opt_data_codec(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    return parse_option(o, "codec:d", arg, options);
}

static int opt_map(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    StreamMap *m = NULL;
    int i, negative = 0, file_idx;
    int sync_file_idx = -1, sync_stream_idx;
    char *p, *sync;
    char *map;

    if (*arg == '-') {
        negative = 1;
        arg++;
    }
    map = av_strdup(arg);

    /* parse sync stream first, just pick first matching stream */
    if (sync = strchr(map, ',')) {
        *sync = 0;
        sync_file_idx = strtol(sync + 1, &sync, 0);
        if (sync_file_idx >= nb_input_files || sync_file_idx < 0) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid sync file index: %d.\n", sync_file_idx);
            exit_program(1);
        }
        if (*sync)
            sync++;
        for (i = 0; i < input_files[sync_file_idx].nb_streams; i++)
            if (check_stream_specifier(input_files[sync_file_idx].ctx,
                                       input_files[sync_file_idx].ctx->streams[i], sync) == 1) {
                sync_stream_idx = i;
                break;
            }
        if (i == input_files[sync_file_idx].nb_streams) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Sync stream specification in map %s does not "
                                       "match any streams.\n", arg);
            exit_program(1);
        }
    }


    file_idx = strtol(map, &p, 0);
    if (file_idx >= nb_input_files || file_idx < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid input file index: %d.\n", file_idx);
        exit_program(1);
    }
    if (negative)
        /* disable some already defined maps */
        for (i = 0; i < o->nb_stream_maps; i++) {
            m = &o->stream_maps[i];
            if (file_idx == m->file_index &&
                check_stream_specifier(input_files[m->file_index].ctx,
                                       input_files[m->file_index].ctx->streams[m->stream_index],
                                       *p == ':' ? p + 1 : p) > 0)
                m->disabled = 1;
        }
    else
        for (i = 0; i < input_files[file_idx].nb_streams; i++) {
            if (check_stream_specifier(input_files[file_idx].ctx, input_files[file_idx].ctx->streams[i],
                        *p == ':' ? p + 1 : p) <= 0)
                continue;
            o->stream_maps = grow_array(o->stream_maps, sizeof(*o->stream_maps),
                                        &o->nb_stream_maps, o->nb_stream_maps + 1);
            m = &o->stream_maps[o->nb_stream_maps - 1];

            m->file_index   = file_idx;
            m->stream_index = i;

            if (sync_file_idx >= 0) {
                m->sync_file_index   = sync_file_idx;
                m->sync_stream_index = sync_stream_idx;
            } else {
                m->sync_file_index   = file_idx;
                m->sync_stream_index = i;
            }
        }

    if (!m) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Stream map '%s' matches no streams.\n", arg);
        exit_program(1);
    }

    av_freep(&map);
    return 0;
}

static int opt_attach(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    o->attachments = grow_array(o->attachments, sizeof(*o->attachments),
                                &o->nb_attachments, o->nb_attachments + 1);
    o->attachments[o->nb_attachments - 1] = arg;
    return 0;
}

/**
 * Parse a metadata specifier in arg.
 * @param type metadata type is written here -- g(lobal)/s(tream)/c(hapter)/p(rogram)
 * @param index for type c/p, chapter/program index is written here
 * @param stream_spec for type s, the stream specifier is written here
 */
static void parse_meta_type(char *arg, char *type, int *index, const char **stream_spec)
{
    if (*arg) {
        *type = *arg;
        switch (*arg) {
        case 'g':
            break;
        case 's':
            if (*(++arg) && *arg != ':') {
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid metadata specifier %s.\n", arg);
                exit_program(1);
            }
            *stream_spec = *arg == ':' ? arg + 1 : "";
            break;
        case 'c':
        case 'p':
            if (*(++arg) == ':')
                *index = strtol(++arg, NULL, 0);
            break;
        default:
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid metadata type %c.\n", *arg);
            exit_program(1);
        }
    } else
        *type = 'g';
}

static int copy_metadata(char *outspec, char *inspec, AVFormatContext *oc, AVFormatContext *ic, OptionsContext *o)
{
    AVDictionary **meta_in = NULL;
    AVDictionary **meta_out;
    int i, ret = 0;
    char type_in, type_out;
    const char *istream_spec = NULL, *ostream_spec = NULL;
    int idx_in = 0, idx_out = 0;

    parse_meta_type(inspec,  &type_in,  &idx_in,  &istream_spec);
    parse_meta_type(outspec, &type_out, &idx_out, &ostream_spec);

    if (type_in == 'g' || type_out == 'g')
        o->metadata_global_manual = 1;
    if (type_in == 's' || type_out == 's')
        o->metadata_streams_manual = 1;
    if (type_in == 'c' || type_out == 'c')
        o->metadata_chapters_manual = 1;

#define METADATA_CHECK_INDEX(index, nb_elems, desc)\
    if ((index) < 0 || (index) >= (nb_elems)) {\
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid %s index %d while processing metadata maps.\n",\
                (desc), (index));\
        exit_program(1);\
    }

#define SET_DICT(type, meta, context, index)\
        switch (type) {\
        case 'g':\
            meta = &context->metadata;\
            break;\
        case 'c':\
            METADATA_CHECK_INDEX(index, context->nb_chapters, "chapter")\
            meta = &context->chapters[index]->metadata;\
            break;\
        case 'p':\
            METADATA_CHECK_INDEX(index, context->nb_programs, "program")\
            meta = &context->programs[index]->metadata;\
            break;\
        case 's':\
            break; /* handled separately below */ \
        }\

    SET_DICT(type_in, meta_in, ic, idx_in);
    SET_DICT(type_out, meta_out, oc, idx_out);

    /* for input streams choose first matching stream */
    if (type_in == 's') {
        for (i = 0; i < ic->nb_streams; i++) {
            if ((ret = check_stream_specifier(ic, ic->streams[i], istream_spec)) > 0) {
                meta_in = &ic->streams[i]->metadata;
                break;
            } else if (ret < 0)
                exit_program(1);
        }
        if (!meta_in) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Stream specifier %s does not match  any streams.\n", istream_spec);
            exit_program(1);
        }
    }

    if (type_out == 's') {
        for (i = 0; i < oc->nb_streams; i++) {
            if ((ret = check_stream_specifier(oc, oc->streams[i], ostream_spec)) > 0) {
                meta_out = &oc->streams[i]->metadata;
                av_dict_copy(meta_out, *meta_in, AV_DICT_DONT_OVERWRITE);
            } else if (ret < 0)
                exit_program(1);
        }
    } else
        av_dict_copy(meta_out, *meta_in, AV_DICT_DONT_OVERWRITE);

    return 0;
}

static AVCodec *find_codec_or_die(const char *name, enum AVMediaType type, int encoder)
{
    const char *codec_string = encoder ? "encoder" : "decoder";
    AVCodec *codec;

    codec = encoder ?
        avcodec_find_encoder_by_name(name) :
        avcodec_find_decoder_by_name(name);
    if (!codec) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Unknown %s '%s'\n", codec_string, name);
        exit_program(1);
    }
    if (codec->type != type) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid %s type '%s'\n", codec_string, name);
        exit_program(1);
    }
    return codec;
}

static AVCodec *choose_decoder(OptionsContext *o, AVFormatContext *s, AVStream *st)
{
    char *codec_name = NULL;

    MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(codec_names, str, codec_name, s, st);
    if (codec_name) {
        AVCodec *codec = find_codec_or_die(codec_name, st->codec->codec_type, 0);
        st->codec->codec_id = codec->id;
        return codec;
    } else
        return avcodec_find_decoder(st->codec->codec_id);
}

/**
 * Add all the streams from the given input file to the global
 * list of input streams.
 */
static void add_input_streams(OptionsContext *o, AVFormatContext *ic)
{
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < ic->nb_streams; i++) {
        AVStream *st = ic->streams[i];
        AVCodecContext *dec = st->codec;
        InputStream *ist;

        input_streams = grow_array(input_streams, sizeof(*input_streams), &nb_input_streams, nb_input_streams + 1);
        ist = &input_streams[nb_input_streams - 1];
        ist->st = st;
        ist->file_index = nb_input_files;
        ist->discard = 1;
        ist->opts = filter_codec_opts(codec_opts, ist->st->codec->codec_id, ic, st);

        ist->ts_scale = 1.0;
        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(ts_scale, dbl, ist->ts_scale, ic, st);

        ist->dec = choose_decoder(o, ic, st);

        switch (dec->codec_type) {
        case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
            if (o->audio_disable)
                st->discard = AVDISCARD_ALL;
            break;
        case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
            if (dec->lowres) {
                dec->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_EMU_EDGE;
                dec->height >>= dec->lowres;
                dec->width  >>= dec->lowres;
            }

            if (o->video_disable)
                st->discard = AVDISCARD_ALL;
            else if (video_discard)
                st->discard = video_discard;
            break;
        case AVMEDIA_TYPE_DATA:
            break;
        case AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE:
            if (o->subtitle_disable)
                st->discard = AVDISCARD_ALL;
            break;
        case AVMEDIA_TYPE_ATTACHMENT:
        case AVMEDIA_TYPE_UNKNOWN:
            break;
        default:
            abort();
        }
    }
}

static void assert_file_overwrite(const char *filename)
{
    if (!file_overwrite &&
        (strchr(filename, ':') == NULL || filename[1] == ':' ||
         av_strstart(filename, "file:", NULL))) {
        if (avio_check(filename, 0) == 0) {
            if (!using_stdin) {
                fprintf(stderr,"File '%s' already exists. Overwrite ? [y/N] ", filename);
                fflush(stderr);
                if (!read_yesno()) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Not overwriting - exiting\n");
                    exit_program(1);
                }
            }
            else {
                fprintf(stderr,"File '%s' already exists. Exiting.\n", filename);
                exit_program(1);
            }
        }
    }
}

static void dump_attachment(AVStream *st, const char *filename)
{
    int ret;
    AVIOContext *out = NULL;
    AVDictionaryEntry *e;

    if (!st->codec->extradata_size) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "No extradata to dump in stream #%d:%d.\n",
               nb_input_files - 1, st->index);
        return;
    }
    if (!*filename && (e = av_dict_get(st->metadata, "filename", NULL, 0)))
        filename = e->value;
    if (!*filename) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "No filename specified and no 'filename' tag"
               "in stream #%d:%d.\n", nb_input_files - 1, st->index);
        exit_program(1);
    }

    assert_file_overwrite(filename);

    if ((ret = avio_open2(&out, filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, &int_cb, NULL)) < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Could not open file %s for writing.\n",
               filename);
        exit_program(1);
    }

    avio_write(out, st->codec->extradata, st->codec->extradata_size);
    avio_flush(out);
    avio_close(out);
}

static int opt_input_file(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *filename)
{
    AVFormatContext *ic;
    AVInputFormat *file_iformat = NULL;
    int err, i, ret;
    int64_t timestamp;
    uint8_t buf[128];
    AVDictionary **opts;
    int orig_nb_streams;                     // number of streams before avformat_find_stream_info

    if (o->format) {
        if (!(file_iformat = av_find_input_format(o->format))) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Unknown input format: '%s'\n", o->format);
            exit_program(1);
        }
    }

    if (!strcmp(filename, "-"))
        filename = "pipe:";

    using_stdin |= !strncmp(filename, "pipe:", 5) ||
                    !strcmp(filename, "/dev/stdin");

    /* get default parameters from command line */
    ic = avformat_alloc_context();
    if (!ic) {
        print_error(filename, AVERROR(ENOMEM));
        exit_program(1);
    }
    if (o->nb_audio_sample_rate) {
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", o->audio_sample_rate[o->nb_audio_sample_rate - 1].u.i);
        av_dict_set(&format_opts, "sample_rate", buf, 0);
    }
    if (o->nb_audio_channels) {
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", o->audio_channels[o->nb_audio_channels - 1].u.i);
        av_dict_set(&format_opts, "channels", buf, 0);
    }
    if (o->nb_frame_rates) {
        av_dict_set(&format_opts, "framerate", o->frame_rates[o->nb_frame_rates - 1].u.str, 0);
    }
    if (o->nb_frame_sizes) {
        av_dict_set(&format_opts, "video_size", o->frame_sizes[o->nb_frame_sizes - 1].u.str, 0);
    }
    if (o->nb_frame_pix_fmts)
        av_dict_set(&format_opts, "pixel_format", o->frame_pix_fmts[o->nb_frame_pix_fmts - 1].u.str, 0);

    ic->flags |= AVFMT_FLAG_NONBLOCK;
    ic->interrupt_callback = int_cb;

    /* open the input file with generic libav function */
    err = avformat_open_input(&ic, filename, file_iformat, &format_opts);
    if (err < 0) {
        print_error(filename, err);
        exit_program(1);
    }
    assert_avoptions(format_opts);

    /* apply forced codec ids */
    for (i = 0; i < ic->nb_streams; i++)
        choose_decoder(o, ic, ic->streams[i]);

    /* Set AVCodecContext options for avformat_find_stream_info */
    opts = setup_find_stream_info_opts(ic, codec_opts);
    orig_nb_streams = ic->nb_streams;

    /* If not enough info to get the stream parameters, we decode the
       first frames to get it. (used in mpeg case for example) */
    ret = avformat_find_stream_info(ic, opts);
    if (ret < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "%s: could not find codec parameters\n", filename);
        avformat_close_input(&ic);
        exit_program(1);
    }

    timestamp = o->start_time;
    /* add the stream start time */
    if (ic->start_time != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
        timestamp += ic->start_time;

    /* if seeking requested, we execute it */
    if (o->start_time != 0) {
        ret = av_seek_frame(ic, -1, timestamp, AVSEEK_FLAG_BACKWARD);
        if (ret < 0) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "%s: could not seek to position %0.3f\n",
                   filename, (double)timestamp / AV_TIME_BASE);
        }
    }

    /* update the current parameters so that they match the one of the input stream */
    add_input_streams(o, ic);

    /* dump the file content */
    av_dump_format(ic, nb_input_files, filename, 0);

    input_files = grow_array(input_files, sizeof(*input_files), &nb_input_files, nb_input_files + 1);
    input_files[nb_input_files - 1].ctx        = ic;
    input_files[nb_input_files - 1].ist_index  = nb_input_streams - ic->nb_streams;
    input_files[nb_input_files - 1].ts_offset  = o->input_ts_offset - (copy_ts ? 0 : timestamp);
    input_files[nb_input_files - 1].nb_streams = ic->nb_streams;
    input_files[nb_input_files - 1].rate_emu   = o->rate_emu;

    for (i = 0; i < o->nb_dump_attachment; i++) {
        int j;

        for (j = 0; j < ic->nb_streams; j++) {
            AVStream *st = ic->streams[j];

            if (check_stream_specifier(ic, st, o->dump_attachment[i].specifier) == 1)
                dump_attachment(st, o->dump_attachment[i].u.str);
        }
    }

    for (i = 0; i < orig_nb_streams; i++)
        av_dict_free(&opts[i]);
    av_freep(&opts);

    reset_options(o);
    return 0;
}

static uint8_t *get_line(AVIOContext *s)
{
    AVIOContext *line;
    uint8_t *buf;
    char c;

    if (avio_open_dyn_buf(&line) < 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Could not alloc buffer for reading preset.\n");
        exit_program(1);
    }

    while ((c = avio_r8(s)) && c != '\n')
        avio_w8(line, c);
    avio_w8(line, 0);
    avio_close_dyn_buf(line, &buf);

    return buf;
}

static int get_preset_file_2(const char *preset_name, const char *codec_name, AVIOContext **s)
{
    int i, ret = 1;
    char filename[1000];
    const char *base[3] = { getenv("AVCONV_DATADIR"),
                            getenv("HOME"),
                            AVCONV_DATADIR,
                            };

    for (i = 0; i < FF_ARRAY_ELEMS(base) && ret; i++) {
        if (!base[i])
            continue;
        if (codec_name) {
            snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s%s/%s-%s.avpreset", base[i],
                     i != 1 ? "" : "/.avconv", codec_name, preset_name);
            ret = avio_open2(s, filename, AVIO_FLAG_READ, &int_cb, NULL);
        }
        if (ret) {
            snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "%s%s/%s.avpreset", base[i],
                     i != 1 ? "" : "/.avconv", preset_name);
            ret = avio_open2(s, filename, AVIO_FLAG_READ, &int_cb, NULL);
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

static void choose_encoder(OptionsContext *o, AVFormatContext *s, OutputStream *ost)
{
    char *codec_name = NULL;

    MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(codec_names, str, codec_name, s, ost->st);
    if (!codec_name) {
        ost->st->codec->codec_id = av_guess_codec(s->oformat, NULL, s->filename,
                                                  NULL, ost->st->codec->codec_type);
        ost->enc = avcodec_find_encoder(ost->st->codec->codec_id);
    } else if (!strcmp(codec_name, "copy"))
        ost->stream_copy = 1;
    else {
        ost->enc = find_codec_or_die(codec_name, ost->st->codec->codec_type, 1);
        ost->st->codec->codec_id = ost->enc->id;
    }
}

static OutputStream *new_output_stream(OptionsContext *o, AVFormatContext *oc, enum AVMediaType type)
{
    OutputStream *ost;
    AVStream *st = avformat_new_stream(oc, NULL);
    int idx      = oc->nb_streams - 1, ret = 0;
    char *bsf = NULL, *next, *codec_tag = NULL;
    AVBitStreamFilterContext *bsfc, *bsfc_prev = NULL;
    double qscale = -1;

    if (!st) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Could not alloc stream.\n");
        exit_program(1);
    }

    if (oc->nb_streams - 1 < o->nb_streamid_map)
        st->id = o->streamid_map[oc->nb_streams - 1];

    output_streams = grow_array(output_streams, sizeof(*output_streams), &nb_output_streams,
                                nb_output_streams + 1);
    ost = &output_streams[nb_output_streams - 1];
    ost->file_index = nb_output_files;
    ost->index      = idx;
    ost->st         = st;
    st->codec->codec_type = type;
    choose_encoder(o, oc, ost);
    if (ost->enc) {
        AVIOContext *s = NULL;
        char *buf = NULL, *arg = NULL, *preset = NULL;

        ost->opts  = filter_codec_opts(codec_opts, ost->enc->id, oc, st);

        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(presets, str, preset, oc, st);
        if (preset && (!(ret = get_preset_file_2(preset, ost->enc->name, &s)))) {
            do {
                buf = get_line(s);
                if (!buf[0] || buf[0] == '#') {
                    av_free(buf);
                    continue;
                }
                if (!(arg = strchr(buf, '='))) {
                    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid line found in the preset file.\n");
                    exit_program(1);
                }
                *arg++ = 0;
                av_dict_set(&ost->opts, buf, arg, AV_DICT_DONT_OVERWRITE);
                av_free(buf);
            } while (!s->eof_reached);
            avio_close(s);
        }
        if (ret) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL,
                   "Preset %s specified for stream %d:%d, but could not be opened.\n",
                   preset, ost->file_index, ost->index);
            exit_program(1);
        }
    }

    avcodec_get_context_defaults3(st->codec, ost->enc);
    st->codec->codec_type = type; // XXX hack, avcodec_get_context_defaults2() sets type to unknown for stream copy

    ost->max_frames = INT64_MAX;
    MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(max_frames, i64, ost->max_frames, oc, st);

    MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(bitstream_filters, str, bsf, oc, st);
    while (bsf) {
        if (next = strchr(bsf, ','))
            *next++ = 0;
        if (!(bsfc = av_bitstream_filter_init(bsf))) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Unknown bitstream filter %s\n", bsf);
            exit_program(1);
        }
        if (bsfc_prev)
            bsfc_prev->next = bsfc;
        else
            ost->bitstream_filters = bsfc;

        bsfc_prev = bsfc;
        bsf       = next;
    }

    MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(codec_tags, str, codec_tag, oc, st);
    if (codec_tag) {
        uint32_t tag = strtol(codec_tag, &next, 0);
        if (*next)
            tag = AV_RL32(codec_tag);
        st->codec->codec_tag = tag;
    }

    MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(qscale, dbl, qscale, oc, st);
    if (qscale >= 0 || same_quant) {
        st->codec->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_QSCALE;
        st->codec->global_quality = FF_QP2LAMBDA * qscale;
    }

    if (oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
        st->codec->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;

    av_opt_get_int(sws_opts, "sws_flags", 0, &ost->sws_flags);
    return ost;
}

static void parse_matrix_coeffs(uint16_t *dest, const char *str)
{
    int i;
    const char *p = str;
    for (i = 0;; i++) {
        dest[i] = atoi(p);
        if (i == 63)
            break;
        p = strchr(p, ',');
        if (!p) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Syntax error in matrix \"%s\" at coeff %d\n", str, i);
            exit_program(1);
        }
        p++;
    }
}

static OutputStream *new_video_stream(OptionsContext *o, AVFormatContext *oc)
{
    AVStream *st;
    OutputStream *ost;
    AVCodecContext *video_enc;

    ost = new_output_stream(o, oc, AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO);
    st  = ost->st;
    video_enc = st->codec;

    if (!ost->stream_copy) {
        const char *p = NULL;
        char *frame_rate = NULL, *frame_size = NULL;
        char *frame_aspect_ratio = NULL, *frame_pix_fmt = NULL;
        char *intra_matrix = NULL, *inter_matrix = NULL, *filters = NULL;
        int i;

        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(frame_rates, str, frame_rate, oc, st);
        if (frame_rate && av_parse_video_rate(&ost->frame_rate, frame_rate) < 0) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid framerate value: %s\n", frame_rate);
            exit_program(1);
        }

        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(frame_sizes, str, frame_size, oc, st);
        if (frame_size && av_parse_video_size(&video_enc->width, &video_enc->height, frame_size) < 0) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid frame size: %s.\n", frame_size);
            exit_program(1);
        }

        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(frame_aspect_ratios, str, frame_aspect_ratio, oc, st);
        if (frame_aspect_ratio)
            ost->frame_aspect_ratio = parse_frame_aspect_ratio(frame_aspect_ratio);

        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(frame_pix_fmts, str, frame_pix_fmt, oc, st);
        if (frame_pix_fmt && (video_enc->pix_fmt = av_get_pix_fmt(frame_pix_fmt)) == PIX_FMT_NONE) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Unknown pixel format requested: %s.\n", frame_pix_fmt);
            exit_program(1);
        }
        st->sample_aspect_ratio = video_enc->sample_aspect_ratio;

        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(intra_matrices, str, intra_matrix, oc, st);
        if (intra_matrix) {
            if (!(video_enc->intra_matrix = av_mallocz(sizeof(*video_enc->intra_matrix) * 64))) {
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Could not allocate memory for intra matrix.\n");
                exit_program(1);
            }
            parse_matrix_coeffs(video_enc->intra_matrix, intra_matrix);
        }
        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(inter_matrices, str, inter_matrix, oc, st);
        if (inter_matrix) {
            if (!(video_enc->inter_matrix = av_mallocz(sizeof(*video_enc->inter_matrix) * 64))) {
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Could not allocate memory for inter matrix.\n");
                exit_program(1);
            }
            parse_matrix_coeffs(video_enc->inter_matrix, inter_matrix);
        }

        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(rc_overrides, str, p, oc, st);
        for (i = 0; p; i++) {
            int start, end, q;
            int e = sscanf(p, "%d,%d,%d", &start, &end, &q);
            if (e != 3) {
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "error parsing rc_override\n");
                exit_program(1);
            }
            video_enc->rc_override =
                av_realloc(video_enc->rc_override,
                           sizeof(RcOverride) * (i + 1));
            video_enc->rc_override[i].start_frame = start;
            video_enc->rc_override[i].end_frame   = end;
            if (q > 0) {
                video_enc->rc_override[i].qscale         = q;
                video_enc->rc_override[i].quality_factor = 1.0;
            }
            else {
                video_enc->rc_override[i].qscale         = 0;
                video_enc->rc_override[i].quality_factor = -q/100.0;
            }
            p = strchr(p, '/');
            if (p) p++;
        }
        video_enc->rc_override_count = i;
        if (!video_enc->rc_initial_buffer_occupancy)
            video_enc->rc_initial_buffer_occupancy = video_enc->rc_buffer_size * 3 / 4;
        video_enc->intra_dc_precision = intra_dc_precision - 8;

        /* two pass mode */
        if (do_pass) {
            if (do_pass == 1) {
                video_enc->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_PASS1;
            } else {
                video_enc->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_PASS2;
            }
        }

        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(forced_key_frames, str, ost->forced_keyframes, oc, st);
        if (ost->forced_keyframes)
            ost->forced_keyframes = av_strdup(ost->forced_keyframes);

        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(force_fps, i, ost->force_fps, oc, st);

        ost->top_field_first = -1;
        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(top_field_first, i, ost->top_field_first, oc, st);

#if CONFIG_AVFILTER
        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(filters, str, filters, oc, st);
        if (filters)
            ost->avfilter = av_strdup(filters);
#endif
    } else {
        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(copy_initial_nonkeyframes, i, ost->copy_initial_nonkeyframes, oc ,st);
    }

    return ost;
}

static OutputStream *new_audio_stream(OptionsContext *o, AVFormatContext *oc)
{
    AVStream *st;
    OutputStream *ost;
    AVCodecContext *audio_enc;

    ost = new_output_stream(o, oc, AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO);
    st  = ost->st;

    audio_enc = st->codec;
    audio_enc->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO;

    if (!ost->stream_copy) {
        char *sample_fmt = NULL;

        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(audio_channels, i, audio_enc->channels, oc, st);

        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(sample_fmts, str, sample_fmt, oc, st);
        if (sample_fmt &&
            (audio_enc->sample_fmt = av_get_sample_fmt(sample_fmt)) == AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid sample format '%s'\n", sample_fmt);
            exit_program(1);
        }

        MATCH_PER_STREAM_OPT(audio_sample_rate, i, audio_enc->sample_rate, oc, st);
    }

    return ost;
}

static OutputStream *new_data_stream(OptionsContext *o, AVFormatContext *oc)
{
    OutputStream *ost;

    ost = new_output_stream(o, oc, AVMEDIA_TYPE_DATA);
    if (!ost->stream_copy) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Data stream encoding not supported yet (only streamcopy)\n");
        exit_program(1);
    }

    return ost;
}

static OutputStream *new_attachment_stream(OptionsContext *o, AVFormatContext *oc)
{
    OutputStream *ost = new_output_stream(o, oc, AVMEDIA_TYPE_ATTACHMENT);
    ost->stream_copy = 1;
    return ost;
}

static OutputStream *new_subtitle_stream(OptionsContext *o, AVFormatContext *oc)
{
    AVStream *st;
    OutputStream *ost;
    AVCodecContext *subtitle_enc;

    ost = new_output_stream(o, oc, AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE);
    st  = ost->st;
    subtitle_enc = st->codec;

    subtitle_enc->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE;

    return ost;
}

/* arg format is "output-stream-index:streamid-value". */
static int opt_streamid(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    int idx;
    char *p;
    char idx_str[16];

    av_strlcpy(idx_str, arg, sizeof(idx_str));
    p = strchr(idx_str, ':');
    if (!p) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL,
               "Invalid value '%s' for option '%s', required syntax is 'index:value'\n",
               arg, opt);
        exit_program(1);
    }
    *p++ = '\0';
    idx = parse_number_or_die(opt, idx_str, OPT_INT, 0, INT_MAX);
    o->streamid_map = grow_array(o->streamid_map, sizeof(*o->streamid_map), &o->nb_streamid_map, idx+1);
    o->streamid_map[idx] = parse_number_or_die(opt, p, OPT_INT, 0, INT_MAX);
    return 0;
}

static int copy_chapters(InputFile *ifile, OutputFile *ofile, int copy_metadata)
{
    AVFormatContext *is = ifile->ctx;
    AVFormatContext *os = ofile->ctx;
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < is->nb_chapters; i++) {
        AVChapter *in_ch = is->chapters[i], *out_ch;
        int64_t ts_off   = av_rescale_q(ofile->start_time - ifile->ts_offset,
                                       AV_TIME_BASE_Q, in_ch->time_base);
        int64_t rt       = (ofile->recording_time == INT64_MAX) ? INT64_MAX :
                           av_rescale_q(ofile->recording_time, AV_TIME_BASE_Q, in_ch->time_base);


        if (in_ch->end < ts_off)
            continue;
        if (rt != INT64_MAX && in_ch->start > rt + ts_off)
            break;

        out_ch = av_mallocz(sizeof(AVChapter));
        if (!out_ch)
            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);

        out_ch->id        = in_ch->id;
        out_ch->time_base = in_ch->time_base;
        out_ch->start     = FFMAX(0,  in_ch->start - ts_off);
        out_ch->end       = FFMIN(rt, in_ch->end   - ts_off);

        if (copy_metadata)
            av_dict_copy(&out_ch->metadata, in_ch->metadata, 0);

        os->nb_chapters++;
        os->chapters = av_realloc(os->chapters, sizeof(AVChapter) * os->nb_chapters);
        if (!os->chapters)
            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        os->chapters[os->nb_chapters - 1] = out_ch;
    }
    return 0;
}

static void opt_output_file(void *optctx, const char *filename)
{
    OptionsContext *o = optctx;
    AVFormatContext *oc;
    int i, err;
    AVOutputFormat *file_oformat;
    OutputStream *ost;
    InputStream  *ist;

    if (!strcmp(filename, "-"))
        filename = "pipe:";

    oc = avformat_alloc_context();
    if (!oc) {
        print_error(filename, AVERROR(ENOMEM));
        exit_program(1);
    }

    if (o->format) {
        file_oformat = av_guess_format(o->format, NULL, NULL);
        if (!file_oformat) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Requested output format '%s' is not a suitable output format\n", o->format);
            exit_program(1);
        }
    } else {
        file_oformat = av_guess_format(NULL, filename, NULL);
        if (!file_oformat) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Unable to find a suitable output format for '%s'\n",
                   filename);
            exit_program(1);
        }
    }

    oc->oformat = file_oformat;
    oc->interrupt_callback = int_cb;
    av_strlcpy(oc->filename, filename, sizeof(oc->filename));

    if (!o->nb_stream_maps) {
        /* pick the "best" stream of each type */
#define NEW_STREAM(type, index)\
        if (index >= 0) {\
            ost = new_ ## type ## _stream(o, oc);\
            ost->source_index = index;\
            ost->sync_ist     = &input_streams[index];\
            input_streams[index].discard = 0;\
        }

        /* video: highest resolution */
        if (!o->video_disable && oc->oformat->video_codec != CODEC_ID_NONE) {
            int area = 0, idx = -1;
            for (i = 0; i < nb_input_streams; i++) {
                ist = &input_streams[i];
                if (ist->st->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO &&
                    ist->st->codec->width * ist->st->codec->height > area) {
                    area = ist->st->codec->width * ist->st->codec->height;
                    idx = i;
                }
            }
            NEW_STREAM(video, idx);
        }

        /* audio: most channels */
        if (!o->audio_disable && oc->oformat->audio_codec != CODEC_ID_NONE) {
            int channels = 0, idx = -1;
            for (i = 0; i < nb_input_streams; i++) {
                ist = &input_streams[i];
                if (ist->st->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO &&
                    ist->st->codec->channels > channels) {
                    channels = ist->st->codec->channels;
                    idx = i;
                }
            }
            NEW_STREAM(audio, idx);
        }

        /* subtitles: pick first */
        if (!o->subtitle_disable && oc->oformat->subtitle_codec != CODEC_ID_NONE) {
            for (i = 0; i < nb_input_streams; i++)
                if (input_streams[i].st->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE) {
                    NEW_STREAM(subtitle, i);
                    break;
                }
        }
        /* do something with data? */
    } else {
        for (i = 0; i < o->nb_stream_maps; i++) {
            StreamMap *map = &o->stream_maps[i];

            if (map->disabled)
                continue;

            ist = &input_streams[input_files[map->file_index].ist_index + map->stream_index];
            switch (ist->st->codec->codec_type) {
            case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:    ost = new_video_stream(o, oc);    break;
            case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:    ost = new_audio_stream(o, oc);    break;
            case AVMEDIA_TYPE_SUBTITLE: ost = new_subtitle_stream(o, oc); break;
            case AVMEDIA_TYPE_DATA:     ost = new_data_stream(o, oc);     break;
            case AVMEDIA_TYPE_ATTACHMENT: ost = new_attachment_stream(o, oc); break;
            default:
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Cannot map stream #%d:%d - unsupported type.\n",
                       map->file_index, map->stream_index);
                exit_program(1);
            }

            ost->source_index = input_files[map->file_index].ist_index + map->stream_index;
            ost->sync_ist     = &input_streams[input_files[map->sync_file_index].ist_index +
                                           map->sync_stream_index];
            ist->discard = 0;
        }
    }

    /* handle attached files */
    for (i = 0; i < o->nb_attachments; i++) {
        AVIOContext *pb;
        uint8_t *attachment;
        const char *p;
        int64_t len;

        if ((err = avio_open2(&pb, o->attachments[i], AVIO_FLAG_READ, &int_cb, NULL)) < 0) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Could not open attachment file %s.\n",
                   o->attachments[i]);
            exit_program(1);
        }
        if ((len = avio_size(pb)) <= 0) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Could not get size of the attachment %s.\n",
                   o->attachments[i]);
            exit_program(1);
        }
        if (!(attachment = av_malloc(len))) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Attachment %s too large to fit into memory.\n",
                   o->attachments[i]);
            exit_program(1);
        }
        avio_read(pb, attachment, len);

        ost = new_attachment_stream(o, oc);
        ost->stream_copy               = 0;
        ost->source_index              = -1;
        ost->attachment_filename       = o->attachments[i];
        ost->st->codec->extradata      = attachment;
        ost->st->codec->extradata_size = len;

        p = strrchr(o->attachments[i], '/');
        av_dict_set(&ost->st->metadata, "filename", (p && *p) ? p + 1 : o->attachments[i], AV_DICT_DONT_OVERWRITE);
        avio_close(pb);
    }

    output_files = grow_array(output_files, sizeof(*output_files), &nb_output_files, nb_output_files + 1);
    output_files[nb_output_files - 1].ctx       = oc;
    output_files[nb_output_files - 1].ost_index = nb_output_streams - oc->nb_streams;
    output_files[nb_output_files - 1].recording_time = o->recording_time;
    output_files[nb_output_files - 1].start_time     = o->start_time;
    output_files[nb_output_files - 1].limit_filesize = o->limit_filesize;
    av_dict_copy(&output_files[nb_output_files - 1].opts, format_opts, 0);

    /* check filename in case of an image number is expected */
    if (oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NEEDNUMBER) {
        if (!av_filename_number_test(oc->filename)) {
            print_error(oc->filename, AVERROR(EINVAL));
            exit_program(1);
        }
    }

    if (!(oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
        /* test if it already exists to avoid losing precious files */
        assert_file_overwrite(filename);

        /* open the file */
        if ((err = avio_open2(&oc->pb, filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE,
                              &oc->interrupt_callback,
                              &output_files[nb_output_files - 1].opts)) < 0) {
            print_error(filename, err);
            exit_program(1);
        }
    }

    if (o->mux_preload) {
        uint8_t buf[64];
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", (int)(o->mux_preload*AV_TIME_BASE));
        av_dict_set(&output_files[nb_output_files - 1].opts, "preload", buf, 0);
    }
    oc->max_delay = (int)(o->mux_max_delay * AV_TIME_BASE);
    oc->flags |= AVFMT_FLAG_NONBLOCK;

    /* copy metadata */
    for (i = 0; i < o->nb_metadata_map; i++) {
        char *p;
        int in_file_index = strtol(o->metadata_map[i].u.str, &p, 0);

        if (in_file_index < 0)
            continue;
        if (in_file_index >= nb_input_files) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid input file index %d while processing metadata maps\n", in_file_index);
            exit_program(1);
        }
        copy_metadata(o->metadata_map[i].specifier, *p ? p + 1 : p, oc, input_files[in_file_index].ctx, o);
    }

    /* copy chapters */
    if (o->chapters_input_file >= nb_input_files) {
        if (o->chapters_input_file == INT_MAX) {
            /* copy chapters from the first input file that has them*/
            o->chapters_input_file = -1;
            for (i = 0; i < nb_input_files; i++)
                if (input_files[i].ctx->nb_chapters) {
                    o->chapters_input_file = i;
                    break;
                }
        } else {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid input file index %d in chapter mapping.\n",
                   o->chapters_input_file);
            exit_program(1);
        }
    }
    if (o->chapters_input_file >= 0)
        copy_chapters(&input_files[o->chapters_input_file], &output_files[nb_output_files - 1],
                      !o->metadata_chapters_manual);

    /* copy global metadata by default */
    if (!o->metadata_global_manual && nb_input_files)
        av_dict_copy(&oc->metadata, input_files[0].ctx->metadata,
                     AV_DICT_DONT_OVERWRITE);
    if (!o->metadata_streams_manual)
        for (i = output_files[nb_output_files - 1].ost_index; i < nb_output_streams; i++) {
            InputStream *ist;
            if (output_streams[i].source_index < 0)         /* this is true e.g. for attached files */
                continue;
            ist = &input_streams[output_streams[i].source_index];
            av_dict_copy(&output_streams[i].st->metadata, ist->st->metadata, AV_DICT_DONT_OVERWRITE);
        }

    /* process manually set metadata */
    for (i = 0; i < o->nb_metadata; i++) {
        AVDictionary **m;
        char type, *val;
        const char *stream_spec;
        int index = 0, j, ret;

        val = strchr(o->metadata[i].u.str, '=');
        if (!val) {
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "No '=' character in metadata string %s.\n",
                   o->metadata[i].u.str);
            exit_program(1);
        }
        *val++ = 0;

        parse_meta_type(o->metadata[i].specifier, &type, &index, &stream_spec);
        if (type == 's') {
            for (j = 0; j < oc->nb_streams; j++) {
                if ((ret = check_stream_specifier(oc, oc->streams[j], stream_spec)) > 0) {
                    av_dict_set(&oc->streams[j]->metadata, o->metadata[i].u.str, *val ? val : NULL, 0);
                } else if (ret < 0)
                    exit_program(1);
            }
            printf("ret %d, stream_spec %s\n", ret, stream_spec);
        }
        else {
            switch (type) {
            case 'g':
                m = &oc->metadata;
                break;
            case 'c':
                if (index < 0 || index >= oc->nb_chapters) {
                    av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid chapter index %d in metadata specifier.\n", index);
                    exit_program(1);
                }
                m = &oc->chapters[index]->metadata;
                break;
            default:
                av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Invalid metadata specifier %s.\n", o->metadata[i].specifier);
                exit_program(1);
            }
            av_dict_set(m, o->metadata[i].u.str, *val ? val : NULL, 0);
        }
    }

    reset_options(o);
}

/* same option as mencoder */
static int opt_pass(const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    do_pass = parse_number_or_die(opt, arg, OPT_INT, 1, 2);
    return 0;
}

static int64_t getutime(void)
{
#if HAVE_GETRUSAGE
    struct rusage rusage;

    getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &rusage);
    return (rusage.ru_utime.tv_sec * 1000000LL) + rusage.ru_utime.tv_usec;
#elif HAVE_GETPROCESSTIMES
    HANDLE proc;
    FILETIME c, e, k, u;
    proc = GetCurrentProcess();
    GetProcessTimes(proc, &c, &e, &k, &u);
    return ((int64_t) u.dwHighDateTime << 32 | u.dwLowDateTime) / 10;
#else
    return av_gettime();
#endif
}

static int64_t getmaxrss(void)
{
#if HAVE_GETRUSAGE && HAVE_STRUCT_RUSAGE_RU_MAXRSS
    struct rusage rusage;
    getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &rusage);
    return (int64_t)rusage.ru_maxrss * 1024;
#elif HAVE_GETPROCESSMEMORYINFO
    HANDLE proc;
    PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS memcounters;
    proc = GetCurrentProcess();
    memcounters.cb = sizeof(memcounters);
    GetProcessMemoryInfo(proc, &memcounters, sizeof(memcounters));
    return memcounters.PeakPagefileUsage;
#else
    return 0;
#endif
}

static int opt_audio_qscale(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    return parse_option(o, "q:a", arg, options);
}

static void show_usage(void)
{
    printf("Hyper fast Audio and Video encoder\n");
    printf("usage: %s [options] [[infile options] -i infile]... {[outfile options] outfile}...\n", program_name);
    printf("\n");
}

static void show_help(void)
{
    int flags = AV_OPT_FLAG_DECODING_PARAM | AV_OPT_FLAG_ENCODING_PARAM;
    av_log_set_callback(log_callback_help);
    show_usage();
    show_help_options(options, "Main options:\n",
                      OPT_EXPERT | OPT_AUDIO | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_SUBTITLE | OPT_GRAB, 0);
    show_help_options(options, "\nAdvanced options:\n",
                      OPT_EXPERT | OPT_AUDIO | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_SUBTITLE | OPT_GRAB,
                      OPT_EXPERT);
    show_help_options(options, "\nVideo options:\n",
                      OPT_EXPERT | OPT_AUDIO | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_GRAB,
                      OPT_VIDEO);
    show_help_options(options, "\nAdvanced Video options:\n",
                      OPT_EXPERT | OPT_AUDIO | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_GRAB,
                      OPT_VIDEO | OPT_EXPERT);
    show_help_options(options, "\nAudio options:\n",
                      OPT_EXPERT | OPT_AUDIO | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_GRAB,
                      OPT_AUDIO);
    show_help_options(options, "\nAdvanced Audio options:\n",
                      OPT_EXPERT | OPT_AUDIO | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_GRAB,
                      OPT_AUDIO | OPT_EXPERT);
    show_help_options(options, "\nSubtitle options:\n",
                      OPT_SUBTITLE | OPT_GRAB,
                      OPT_SUBTITLE);
    show_help_options(options, "\nAudio/Video grab options:\n",
                      OPT_GRAB,
                      OPT_GRAB);
    printf("\n");
    show_help_children(avcodec_get_class(), flags);
    show_help_children(avformat_get_class(), flags);
    show_help_children(sws_get_class(), flags);
}

static int opt_target(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    enum { PAL, NTSC, FILM, UNKNOWN } norm = UNKNOWN;
    static const char *const frame_rates[] = { "25", "30000/1001", "24000/1001" };

    if (!strncmp(arg, "pal-", 4)) {
        norm = PAL;
        arg += 4;
    } else if (!strncmp(arg, "ntsc-", 5)) {
        norm = NTSC;
        arg += 5;
    } else if (!strncmp(arg, "film-", 5)) {
        norm = FILM;
        arg += 5;
    } else {
        /* Try to determine PAL/NTSC by peeking in the input files */
        if (nb_input_files) {
            int i, j, fr;
            for (j = 0; j < nb_input_files; j++) {
                for (i = 0; i < input_files[j].nb_streams; i++) {
                    AVCodecContext *c = input_files[j].ctx->streams[i]->codec;
                    if (c->codec_type != AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
                        continue;
                    fr = c->time_base.den * 1000 / c->time_base.num;
                    if (fr == 25000) {
                        norm = PAL;
                        break;
                    } else if ((fr == 29970) || (fr == 23976)) {
                        norm = NTSC;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (norm != UNKNOWN)
                    break;
            }
        }
        if (norm != UNKNOWN)
            av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_INFO, "Assuming %s for target.\n", norm == PAL ? "PAL" : "NTSC");
    }

    if (norm == UNKNOWN) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Could not determine norm (PAL/NTSC/NTSC-Film) for target.\n");
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "Please prefix target with \"pal-\", \"ntsc-\" or \"film-\",\n");
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "or set a framerate with \"-r xxx\".\n");
        exit_program(1);
    }

    if (!strcmp(arg, "vcd")) {
        opt_video_codec(o, "c:v", "mpeg1video");
        opt_audio_codec(o, "c:a", "mp2");
        parse_option(o, "f", "vcd", options);

        parse_option(o, "s", norm == PAL ? "352x288" : "352x240", options);
        parse_option(o, "r", frame_rates[norm], options);
        opt_default("g", norm == PAL ? "15" : "18");

        opt_default("b", "1150000");
        opt_default("maxrate", "1150000");
        opt_default("minrate", "1150000");
        opt_default("bufsize", "327680"); // 40*1024*8;

        opt_default("b:a", "224000");
        parse_option(o, "ar", "44100", options);
        parse_option(o, "ac", "2", options);

        opt_default("packetsize", "2324");
        opt_default("muxrate", "1411200"); // 2352 * 75 * 8;

        /* We have to offset the PTS, so that it is consistent with the SCR.
           SCR starts at 36000, but the first two packs contain only padding
           and the first pack from the other stream, respectively, may also have
           been written before.
           So the real data starts at SCR 36000+3*1200. */
        o->mux_preload = (36000 + 3 * 1200) / 90000.0; // 0.44
    } else if (!strcmp(arg, "svcd")) {

        opt_video_codec(o, "c:v", "mpeg2video");
        opt_audio_codec(o, "c:a", "mp2");
        parse_option(o, "f", "svcd", options);

        parse_option(o, "s", norm == PAL ? "480x576" : "480x480", options);
        parse_option(o, "r", frame_rates[norm], options);
        opt_default("g", norm == PAL ? "15" : "18");

        opt_default("b", "2040000");
        opt_default("maxrate", "2516000");
        opt_default("minrate", "0"); // 1145000;
        opt_default("bufsize", "1835008"); // 224*1024*8;
        opt_default("flags", "+scan_offset");


        opt_default("b:a", "224000");
        parse_option(o, "ar", "44100", options);

        opt_default("packetsize", "2324");

    } else if (!strcmp(arg, "dvd")) {

        opt_video_codec(o, "c:v", "mpeg2video");
        opt_audio_codec(o, "c:a", "ac3");
        parse_option(o, "f", "dvd", options);

        parse_option(o, "s", norm == PAL ? "720x576" : "720x480", options);
        parse_option(o, "r", frame_rates[norm], options);
        opt_default("g", norm == PAL ? "15" : "18");

        opt_default("b", "6000000");
        opt_default("maxrate", "9000000");
        opt_default("minrate", "0"); // 1500000;
        opt_default("bufsize", "1835008"); // 224*1024*8;

        opt_default("packetsize", "2048");  // from www.mpucoder.com: DVD sectors contain 2048 bytes of data, this is also the size of one pack.
        opt_default("muxrate", "10080000"); // from mplex project: data_rate = 1260000. mux_rate = data_rate * 8

        opt_default("b:a", "448000");
        parse_option(o, "ar", "48000", options);

    } else if (!strncmp(arg, "dv", 2)) {

        parse_option(o, "f", "dv", options);

        parse_option(o, "s", norm == PAL ? "720x576" : "720x480", options);
        parse_option(o, "pix_fmt", !strncmp(arg, "dv50", 4) ? "yuv422p" :
                          norm == PAL ? "yuv420p" : "yuv411p", options);
        parse_option(o, "r", frame_rates[norm], options);

        parse_option(o, "ar", "48000", options);
        parse_option(o, "ac", "2", options);

    } else {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unknown target: %s\n", arg);
        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
    }
    return 0;
}

static int opt_vstats_file(const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    av_free (vstats_filename);
    vstats_filename = av_strdup (arg);
    return 0;
}

static int opt_vstats(const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    char filename[40];
    time_t today2 = time(NULL);
    struct tm *today = localtime(&today2);

    snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "vstats_%02d%02d%02d.log", today->tm_hour, today->tm_min,
             today->tm_sec);
    return opt_vstats_file(opt, filename);
}

static int opt_video_frames(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    return parse_option(o, "frames:v", arg, options);
}

static int opt_audio_frames(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    return parse_option(o, "frames:a", arg, options);
}

static int opt_data_frames(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    return parse_option(o, "frames:d", arg, options);
}

static int opt_video_tag(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    return parse_option(o, "tag:v", arg, options);
}

static int opt_audio_tag(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    return parse_option(o, "tag:a", arg, options);
}

static int opt_subtitle_tag(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    return parse_option(o, "tag:s", arg, options);
}

static int opt_video_filters(OptionsContext *o, const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    return parse_option(o, "filter:v", arg, options);
}

static int opt_vsync(const char *opt, const char *arg)
{
    if      (!av_strcasecmp(arg, "cfr"))         video_sync_method = VSYNC_CFR;
    else if (!av_strcasecmp(arg, "vfr"))         video_sync_method = VSYNC_VFR;
    else if (!av_strcasecmp(arg, "passthrough")) video_sync_method = VSYNC_PASSTHROUGH;

    if (video_sync_method == VSYNC_AUTO)
        video_sync_method = parse_number_or_die("vsync", arg, OPT_INT, VSYNC_AUTO, VSYNC_VFR);
    return 0;
}

#define OFFSET(x) offsetof(OptionsContext, x)
static const OptionDef options[] = {
    /* main options */
#include "cmdutils_common_opts.h"
    { "f", HAS_ARG | OPT_STRING | OPT_OFFSET, {.off = OFFSET(format)}, "force format", "fmt" },
    { "i", HAS_ARG | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_input_file}, "input file name", "filename" },
    { "y", OPT_BOOL, {(void*)&file_overwrite}, "overwrite output files" },
    { "c", HAS_ARG | OPT_STRING | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(codec_names)}, "codec name", "codec" },
    { "codec", HAS_ARG | OPT_STRING | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(codec_names)}, "codec name", "codec" },
    { "pre", HAS_ARG | OPT_STRING | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(presets)}, "preset name", "preset" },
    { "map", HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_map}, "set input stream mapping", "[-]input_file_id[:stream_specifier][,sync_file_id[:stream_specifier]]" },
    { "map_metadata", HAS_ARG | OPT_STRING | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(metadata_map)}, "set metadata information of outfile from infile",
      "outfile[,metadata]:infile[,metadata]" },
    { "map_chapters",  OPT_INT | HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_OFFSET, {.off = OFFSET(chapters_input_file)},  "set chapters mapping", "input_file_index" },
    { "t", HAS_ARG | OPT_TIME | OPT_OFFSET, {.off = OFFSET(recording_time)}, "record or transcode \"duration\" seconds of audio/video", "duration" },
    { "fs", HAS_ARG | OPT_INT64 | OPT_OFFSET, {.off = OFFSET(limit_filesize)}, "set the limit file size in bytes", "limit_size" }, //
    { "ss", HAS_ARG | OPT_TIME | OPT_OFFSET, {.off = OFFSET(start_time)}, "set the start time offset", "time_off" },
    { "itsoffset", HAS_ARG | OPT_TIME | OPT_OFFSET, {.off = OFFSET(input_ts_offset)}, "set the input ts offset", "time_off" },
    { "itsscale", HAS_ARG | OPT_DOUBLE | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(ts_scale)}, "set the input ts scale", "scale" },
    { "metadata", HAS_ARG | OPT_STRING | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(metadata)}, "add metadata", "string=string" },
    { "dframes", HAS_ARG | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_data_frames}, "set the number of data frames to record", "number" },
    { "benchmark", OPT_BOOL | OPT_EXPERT, {(void*)&do_benchmark},
      "add timings for benchmarking" },
    { "timelimit", HAS_ARG, {(void*)opt_timelimit}, "set max runtime in seconds", "limit" },
    { "dump", OPT_BOOL | OPT_EXPERT, {(void*)&do_pkt_dump},
      "dump each input packet" },
    { "hex", OPT_BOOL | OPT_EXPERT, {(void*)&do_hex_dump},
      "when dumping packets, also dump the payload" },
    { "re", OPT_BOOL | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_OFFSET, {.off = OFFSET(rate_emu)}, "read input at native frame rate", "" },
    { "target", HAS_ARG | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_target}, "specify target file type (\"vcd\", \"svcd\", \"dvd\", \"dv\", \"dv50\", \"pal-vcd\", \"ntsc-svcd\", ...)", "type" },
    { "vsync", HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT, {(void*)opt_vsync}, "video sync method", "" },
    { "async", HAS_ARG | OPT_INT | OPT_EXPERT, {(void*)&audio_sync_method}, "audio sync method", "" },
    { "adrift_threshold", HAS_ARG | OPT_FLOAT | OPT_EXPERT, {(void*)&audio_drift_threshold}, "audio drift threshold", "threshold" },
    { "copyts", OPT_BOOL | OPT_EXPERT, {(void*)&copy_ts}, "copy timestamps" },
    { "copytb", OPT_BOOL | OPT_EXPERT, {(void*)&copy_tb}, "copy input stream time base when stream copying" },
    { "shortest", OPT_BOOL | OPT_EXPERT, {(void*)&opt_shortest}, "finish encoding within shortest input" }, //
    { "dts_delta_threshold", HAS_ARG | OPT_FLOAT | OPT_EXPERT, {(void*)&dts_delta_threshold}, "timestamp discontinuity delta threshold", "threshold" },
    { "xerror", OPT_BOOL, {(void*)&exit_on_error}, "exit on error", "error" },
    { "copyinkf", OPT_BOOL | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(copy_initial_nonkeyframes)}, "copy initial non-keyframes" },
    { "frames", OPT_INT64 | HAS_ARG | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(max_frames)}, "set the number of frames to record", "number" },
    { "tag",   OPT_STRING | HAS_ARG | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(codec_tags)}, "force codec tag/fourcc", "fourcc/tag" },
    { "q", HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_DOUBLE | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(qscale)}, "use fixed quality scale (VBR)", "q" },
    { "qscale", HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_DOUBLE | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(qscale)}, "use fixed quality scale (VBR)", "q" },
#if CONFIG_AVFILTER
    { "filter", HAS_ARG | OPT_STRING | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(filters)}, "set stream filterchain", "filter_list" },
#endif
    { "stats", OPT_BOOL, {&print_stats}, "print progress report during encoding", },
    { "attach", HAS_ARG | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_attach}, "add an attachment to the output file", "filename" },
    { "dump_attachment", HAS_ARG | OPT_STRING | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(dump_attachment)}, "extract an attachment into a file", "filename" },

    /* video options */
    { "vframes", HAS_ARG | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_video_frames}, "set the number of video frames to record", "number" },
    { "r", HAS_ARG | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_STRING | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(frame_rates)}, "set frame rate (Hz value, fraction or abbreviation)", "rate" },
    { "s", HAS_ARG | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_STRING | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(frame_sizes)}, "set frame size (WxH or abbreviation)", "size" },
    { "aspect", HAS_ARG | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_STRING | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(frame_aspect_ratios)}, "set aspect ratio (4:3, 16:9 or 1.3333, 1.7777)", "aspect" },
    { "pix_fmt", HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_STRING | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(frame_pix_fmts)}, "set pixel format", "format" },
    { "vn", OPT_BOOL | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_OFFSET, {.off = OFFSET(video_disable)}, "disable video" },
    { "vdt", OPT_INT | HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_VIDEO, {(void*)&video_discard}, "discard threshold", "n" },
    { "rc_override", HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_STRING | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(rc_overrides)}, "rate control override for specific intervals", "override" },
    { "vcodec", HAS_ARG | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_video_codec}, "force video codec ('copy' to copy stream)", "codec" },
    { "same_quant", OPT_BOOL | OPT_VIDEO, {(void*)&same_quant},
      "use same quantizer as source (implies VBR)" },
    { "pass", HAS_ARG | OPT_VIDEO, {(void*)opt_pass}, "select the pass number (1 or 2)", "n" },
    { "passlogfile", HAS_ARG | OPT_STRING | OPT_VIDEO, {(void*)&pass_logfilename_prefix}, "select two pass log file name prefix", "prefix" },
    { "deinterlace", OPT_BOOL | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_VIDEO, {(void*)&do_deinterlace},
      "deinterlace pictures" },
    { "vstats", OPT_EXPERT | OPT_VIDEO, {(void*)&opt_vstats}, "dump video coding statistics to file" },
    { "vstats_file", HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_VIDEO, {(void*)opt_vstats_file}, "dump video coding statistics to file", "file" },
#if CONFIG_AVFILTER
    { "vf", HAS_ARG | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_video_filters}, "video filters", "filter list" },
#endif
    { "intra_matrix", HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_STRING | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(intra_matrices)}, "specify intra matrix coeffs", "matrix" },
    { "inter_matrix", HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_STRING | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(inter_matrices)}, "specify inter matrix coeffs", "matrix" },
    { "top", HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_INT| OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(top_field_first)}, "top=1/bottom=0/auto=-1 field first", "" },
    { "dc", OPT_INT | HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_VIDEO, {(void*)&intra_dc_precision}, "intra_dc_precision", "precision" },
    { "vtag", HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_video_tag}, "force video tag/fourcc", "fourcc/tag" },
    { "qphist", OPT_BOOL | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_VIDEO, { (void *)&qp_hist }, "show QP histogram" },
    { "force_fps", OPT_BOOL | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(force_fps)}, "force the selected framerate, disable the best supported framerate selection" },
    { "streamid", HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_streamid}, "set the value of an outfile streamid", "streamIndex:value" },
    { "force_key_frames", OPT_STRING | HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(forced_key_frames)}, "force key frames at specified timestamps", "timestamps" },

    /* audio options */
    { "aframes", HAS_ARG | OPT_AUDIO | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_audio_frames}, "set the number of audio frames to record", "number" },
    { "aq", HAS_ARG | OPT_AUDIO | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_audio_qscale}, "set audio quality (codec-specific)", "quality", },
    { "ar", HAS_ARG | OPT_AUDIO | OPT_INT | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(audio_sample_rate)}, "set audio sampling rate (in Hz)", "rate" },
    { "ac", HAS_ARG | OPT_AUDIO | OPT_INT | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(audio_channels)}, "set number of audio channels", "channels" },
    { "an", OPT_BOOL | OPT_AUDIO | OPT_OFFSET, {.off = OFFSET(audio_disable)}, "disable audio" },
    { "acodec", HAS_ARG | OPT_AUDIO | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_audio_codec}, "force audio codec ('copy' to copy stream)", "codec" },
    { "atag", HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_AUDIO | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_audio_tag}, "force audio tag/fourcc", "fourcc/tag" },
    { "vol", OPT_INT | HAS_ARG | OPT_AUDIO, {(void*)&audio_volume}, "change audio volume (256=normal)" , "volume" }, //
    { "sample_fmt", HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_AUDIO | OPT_SPEC | OPT_STRING, {.off = OFFSET(sample_fmts)}, "set sample format", "format" },

    /* subtitle options */
    { "sn", OPT_BOOL | OPT_SUBTITLE | OPT_OFFSET, {.off = OFFSET(subtitle_disable)}, "disable subtitle" },
    { "scodec", HAS_ARG | OPT_SUBTITLE | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_subtitle_codec}, "force subtitle codec ('copy' to copy stream)", "codec" },
    { "stag", HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_SUBTITLE | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_subtitle_tag}, "force subtitle tag/fourcc", "fourcc/tag" },

    /* grab options */
    { "isync", OPT_BOOL | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_GRAB, {(void*)&input_sync}, "sync read on input", "" },

    /* muxer options */
    { "muxdelay", OPT_FLOAT | HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT   | OPT_OFFSET, {.off = OFFSET(mux_max_delay)}, "set the maximum demux-decode delay", "seconds" },
    { "muxpreload", OPT_FLOAT | HAS_ARG | OPT_EXPERT | OPT_OFFSET, {.off = OFFSET(mux_preload)},   "set the initial demux-decode delay", "seconds" },

    { "bsf", HAS_ARG | OPT_STRING | OPT_SPEC, {.off = OFFSET(bitstream_filters)}, "A comma-separated list of bitstream filters", "bitstream_filters" },

    /* data codec support */
    { "dcodec", HAS_ARG | OPT_DATA | OPT_FUNC2, {(void*)opt_data_codec}, "force data codec ('copy' to copy stream)", "codec" },

    { "default", HAS_ARG | OPT_AUDIO | OPT_VIDEO | OPT_EXPERT, {(void*)opt_default}, "generic catch all option", "" },
    { NULL, },
};

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    OptionsContext o = { 0 };
    int64_t ti;

    reset_options(&o);

    av_log_set_flags(AV_LOG_SKIP_REPEATED);
    parse_loglevel(argc, argv, options);

    avcodec_register_all();
#if CONFIG_AVDEVICE
    avdevice_register_all();
#endif
#if CONFIG_AVFILTER
    avfilter_register_all();
#endif
    av_register_all();
    avformat_network_init();

    show_banner();

    /* parse options */
    parse_options(&o, argc, argv, options, opt_output_file);

    if (nb_output_files <= 0 && nb_input_files == 0) {
        show_usage();
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Use -h to get full help or, even better, run 'man %s'\n", program_name);
        exit_program(1);
    }

    /* file converter / grab */
    if (nb_output_files <= 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "At least one output file must be specified\n");
        exit_program(1);
    }

    if (nb_input_files == 0) {
        av_log(NULL, AV_LOG_FATAL, "At least one input file must be specified\n");
        exit_program(1);
    }

    ti = getutime();
    if (transcode(output_files, nb_output_files, input_files, nb_input_files) < 0)
        exit_program(1);
    ti = getutime() - ti;
    if (do_benchmark) {
        int maxrss = getmaxrss() / 1024;
        printf("bench: utime=%0.3fs maxrss=%ikB\n", ti / 1000000.0, maxrss);
    }

    exit_program(0);
    return 0;
}