avfilter: add gfxcapture, Windows.Graphics.Capture based window/monitor capture

1 files changed, 1551 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/libavfilter/vsrc_gfxcapture_winrt.cpp b/libavfilter/vsrc_gfxcapture_winrt.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42977efcc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libavfilter/vsrc_gfxcapture_winrt.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1551 @@
+/*
+ * This file is part of FFmpeg.
+ *
+ * FFmpeg is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * FFmpeg is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with FFmpeg; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
+ */
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "config.h"
+}
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32_WINNT) || _WIN32_WINNT < 0x0A00
+#undef _WIN32_WINNT
+#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0A00
+#endif
+
+#define WINDOWS_FOUNDATION_UNIVERSALAPICONTRACT_VERSION 0x130000
+
+// work around bug in mingw double-defining IReference<unsigned char> (BYTE == boolean)
+#define ____FIReference_1_boolean_INTERFACE_DEFINED__
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <initguid.h>
+#include <wrl.h>
+#include <roapi.h>
+#include <dwmapi.h>
+#include <d3d11.h>
+#include <d3dcompiler.h>
+#include <dispatcherqueue.h>
+#include <windows.foundation.h>
+#include <windows.graphics.capture.h>
+#include <windows.graphics.capture.interop.h>
+#include <windows.graphics.directx.direct3d11.h>
+#if HAVE_IDIRECT3DDXGIINTERFACEACCESS
+#include <windows.graphics.directx.direct3d11.interop.h>
+#endif
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "libavutil/avassert.h"
+#include "libavutil/internal.h"
+#include "libavutil/mem.h"
+#include "libavutil/opt.h"
+#include "libavutil/time.h"
+#include "libavutil/thread.h"
+#include "libavutil/pixdesc.h"
+#include "libavutil/hwcontext.h"
+#include "libavutil/hwcontext_d3d11va.h"
+#include "avfilter.h"
+#include "filters.h"
+#include "video.h"
+
+#include "vsrc_gfxcapture.h"
+}
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <regex>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include "vsrc_gfxcapture_winrt.h"
+#include "vsrc_gfxcapture_shader.h"
+
+using namespace ABI::Windows::System;
+using namespace ABI::Windows::Foundation;
+using namespace ABI::Windows::Graphics::Capture;
+using namespace ABI::Windows::Graphics::DirectX::Direct3D11;
+using namespace Windows::Graphics::DirectX::Direct3D11;
+using Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr;
+using ABI::Windows::Graphics::SizeInt32;
+using ABI::Windows::Foundation::TimeSpan;
+using ABI::Windows::Graphics::DirectX::DirectXPixelFormat;
+
+#define TIMESPAN_RES 10000000
+#define TIMESPAN_RES64 INT64_C(10000000)
+
+#define CAPTURE_POOL_SIZE 2
+
+enum {
+    WM_WGC_THREAD_SHUTDOWN = WM_APP + 1
+};
+
+#define CCTX(ctx) static_cast<GfxCaptureContext*>(ctx)
+
+typedef struct GfxCaptureFunctions {
+    hmodule_ptr_t graphicscapture_handle;
+
+    hmodule_ptr_t combase_handle;
+    HRESULT (WINAPI *RoInitialize)(RO_INIT_TYPE initType);
+    void (WINAPI *RoUninitialize)(void);
+    HRESULT (WINAPI *RoGetActivationFactory)(HSTRING activatableClassId, REFIID iid, void **factory);
+    HRESULT (WINAPI *WindowsCreateStringReference)(PCWSTR sourceString, UINT32 length, HSTRING_HEADER *hstringHeader, HSTRING *string);
+
+    hmodule_ptr_t dwmapi_handle;
+    HRESULT (WINAPI *DwmGetWindowAttribute)(HWND hwnd, DWORD dwAttribute, PVOID pvAttribute, DWORD cbAttribute);
+
+    hmodule_ptr_t d3d11_handle;
+    HRESULT (WINAPI *CreateDirect3D11DeviceFromDXGIDevice)(IDXGIDevice *dxgiDevice, IInspectable **graphicsDevice);
+
+    hmodule_ptr_t coremsg_handle;
+    HRESULT (WINAPI *CreateDispatcherQueueController)(DispatcherQueueOptions options, PDISPATCHERQUEUECONTROLLER *dispatcherQueueController);
+
+    hmodule_ptr_t user32_handle;
+    DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT (WINAPI *SetThreadDpiAwarenessContext)(DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT dpiContext);
+
+    hmodule_ptr_t d3dcompiler_handle;
+    HRESULT (WINAPI *D3DCompile)(LPCVOID pSrcData, SIZE_T SrcDataSize, LPCSTR pSourceName, const D3D10_SHADER_MACRO *pDefines, ID3DInclude *pInclude,
+                                 LPCSTR pEntrypoint, LPCSTR pTarget, UINT Flags1, UINT Flags2, ID3DBlob **ppCode, ID3DBlob **ppErrorMsgs);
+} GfxCaptureFunctions;
+
+// This struct contains all data handled by the capture thread
+struct GfxCaptureContextWgc {
+    ComPtr<IDispatcherQueueController> dispatcher_queue_controller;
+    ComPtr<IDispatcherQueue> dispatcher_queue;
+
+    ComPtr<IGraphicsCaptureItem> capture_item;
+    ComPtr<IDirect3DDevice> d3d_device;
+    ComPtr<IDirect3D11CaptureFramePool> frame_pool;
+    ComPtr<IGraphicsCaptureSession> capture_session;
+
+    EventRegistrationToken frame_arrived_token { 0 };
+    EventRegistrationToken closed_token { 0 };
+
+    std::mutex frame_arrived_mutex;
+    std::condition_variable frame_arrived_cond;
+    std::atomic<bool> window_closed { false };
+    std::atomic<uint64_t> frame_seq { 0 };
+
+    SizeInt32 cap_size { 0, 0 };
+    RECT client_area_offsets { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+};
+
+struct GfxCaptureContextD3D {
+    ComPtr<ID3D11VertexShader> vertex_shader;
+    ComPtr<ID3D11PixelShader> pixel_shader;
+    ComPtr<ID3D11SamplerState> sampler_state;
+    ComPtr<ID3D11Buffer> shader_cb;
+    ComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext> deferred_ctx;
+};
+
+struct GfxCaptureContextCpp {
+    GfxCaptureFunctions fn;
+    std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextWgc> wgc;
+    std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextD3D> d3d;
+
+    pthread_t wgc_thread;
+    bool wgc_thread_created { false };
+    DWORD wgc_thread_id { 0 };
+    std::mutex wgc_thread_init_mutex;
+    std::condition_variable wgc_thread_init_cond;
+    volatile int wgc_thread_init_res { INT_MAX };
+    std::recursive_mutex wgc_thread_uninit_mutex;
+
+    HWND capture_hwnd { nullptr };
+    HMONITOR capture_hmonitor { nullptr };
+
+    AVBufferRef *device_ref { nullptr };
+    AVHWDeviceContext *device_ctx { nullptr };
+    AVD3D11VADeviceContext *device_hwctx { nullptr };
+
+    AVBufferRef *frames_ref { nullptr };
+    AVHWFramesContext *frames_ctx { nullptr };
+    AVD3D11VAFramesContext *frames_hwctx { nullptr };
+
+    int64_t first_pts { 0 };
+    int64_t last_pts { 0 };
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+static HRESULT get_activation_factory(GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx, PCWSTR clsid, T** factory) {
+    HSTRING_HEADER hsheader = { 0 };
+    HSTRING hs = NULL;
+
+    HRESULT hr = ctx->fn.WindowsCreateStringReference(clsid, (UINT32)wcslen(clsid), &hsheader, &hs);
+    if (FAILED(hr))
+        return hr;
+
+    return ctx->fn.RoGetActivationFactory(hs, IID_PPV_ARGS(factory));
+}
+
+#define CHECK_HR(fcall, action) \
+    do { \
+        HRESULT fhr = fcall; \
+        if (FAILED(fhr)) { \
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, #fcall " failed: 0x%08lX\n", fhr); \
+            action; \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
+#define CHECK_HR_RET(...) CHECK_HR((__VA_ARGS__), return AVERROR_EXTERNAL)
+#define CHECK_HR_FAIL(...) CHECK_HR((__VA_ARGS__), ret = AVERROR_EXTERNAL; goto fail)
+#define CHECK_HR_LOG(...) CHECK_HR((__VA_ARGS__), (void)0)
+
+/****************************************************
+ * Windows Graphics Capture Worker Thread           *
+ * All wgc_* functions must run only on WGC thread! *
+ ****************************************************/
+
+static void wgc_frame_arrived_handler(const std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextWgc> &wgctx) {
+    wgctx->frame_seq.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_release);
+    wgctx->frame_arrived_cond.notify_one();
+}
+
+static void wgc_closed_handler(const std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextWgc> &wgctx) {
+    wgctx->window_closed.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
+    wgctx->frame_arrived_cond.notify_one();
+}
+
+static void wgc_stop_capture_session(AVFilterContext *avctx) noexcept
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextWgc> &wgctx = ctx->wgc;
+
+    if (wgctx->closed_token.value && wgctx->capture_item) {
+        CHECK_HR_LOG(wgctx->capture_item->remove_Closed(wgctx->closed_token));
+        wgctx->closed_token.value = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (wgctx->frame_arrived_token.value && wgctx->frame_pool) {
+        CHECK_HR_LOG(wgctx->frame_pool->remove_FrameArrived(wgctx->frame_arrived_token));
+        wgctx->frame_arrived_token.value = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (wgctx->capture_session) {
+        ComPtr<IClosable> closable;
+        if (SUCCEEDED(wgctx->capture_session.As(&closable))) {
+            closable->Close();
+        } else {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to get capture session IClosable interface\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (wgctx->frame_pool) {
+        ComPtr<IClosable> closable;
+        if (SUCCEEDED(wgctx->frame_pool.As(&closable))) {
+            CHECK_HR_LOG(closable->Close());
+        } else {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to get frame pool IClosable interface\n");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static int wgc_calculate_client_area(AVFilterContext *avctx)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextWgc> &wgctx = ctx->wgc;
+
+    if (!ctx->capture_hwnd) {
+        wgctx->client_area_offsets.left = 0;
+        wgctx->client_area_offsets.top = 0;
+        wgctx->client_area_offsets.right = 0;
+        wgctx->client_area_offsets.bottom = 0;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    RECT client_rect = {};
+    RECT frame_bounds = {};
+    RECT window_rect = {};
+
+    if (IsIconic(ctx->capture_hwnd)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "Capture window is iconic, no client area\n");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (!GetClientRect(ctx->capture_hwnd, &client_rect)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "GetClientRect failed\n");
+        return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;
+    }
+
+    if (!MapWindowPoints(ctx->capture_hwnd, nullptr, (POINT*)&client_rect, 2)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "MapWindowPoints failed\n");
+        return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;
+    }
+
+    if (FAILED(ctx->fn.DwmGetWindowAttribute(ctx->capture_hwnd, DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS, &frame_bounds, sizeof(window_rect))))
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "DwmGetWindowAttribute failed\n");
+
+    if (!GetWindowRect(ctx->capture_hwnd, &window_rect))
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "GetWindowRect failed\n");
+
+    if (wgctx->cap_size.Width == frame_bounds.right - frame_bounds.left ||
+        wgctx->cap_size.Height == frame_bounds.bottom - frame_bounds.top) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Using window rect from DWMWA_EXTENDED_FRAME_BOUNDS\n");
+    } else if (wgctx->cap_size.Width == window_rect.right - window_rect.left ||
+               wgctx->cap_size.Height == window_rect.bottom - window_rect.top) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Using window rect from GetWindowRect\n");
+        frame_bounds = window_rect;
+    } else {
+        if ((frame_bounds.top == frame_bounds.bottom || frame_bounds.left == frame_bounds.right) &&
+            (window_rect.top == window_rect.bottom || window_rect.left == window_rect.right))
+        {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "No valid window rect found\n");
+            return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;
+        }
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "Failed to get valid window rect, client area may be inaccurate\n");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    wgctx->client_area_offsets.left = FFMAX(client_rect.left - frame_bounds.left, 0);
+    wgctx->client_area_offsets.top = FFMAX(client_rect.top - frame_bounds.top, 0);
+    wgctx->client_area_offsets.right = FFMAX(frame_bounds.right - client_rect.right, 0);
+    wgctx->client_area_offsets.bottom = FFMAX(frame_bounds.bottom - client_rect.bottom, 0);
+
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Client area offsets: left=%ld top=%ld right=%ld bottom=%ld\n",
+           wgctx->client_area_offsets.left, wgctx->client_area_offsets.top,
+           wgctx->client_area_offsets.right, wgctx->client_area_offsets.bottom);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int wgc_setup_gfxcapture_session(AVFilterContext *avctx)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextWgc> &wgctx = ctx->wgc;
+    int ret;
+
+    ComPtr<IDirect3D11CaptureFramePoolStatics> frame_pool_statics;
+    ComPtr<ID3D11Device> d3d11_device = ctx->device_hwctx->device;
+    ComPtr<ID3D10Multithread> d3d10_multithread;
+    ComPtr<IDXGIDevice> dxgi_device;
+    ComPtr<IGraphicsCaptureSession2> session2;
+    ComPtr<IGraphicsCaptureSession3> session3;
+    ComPtr<IGraphicsCaptureSession5> session5;
+
+    DirectXPixelFormat fmt = DirectXPixelFormat::DirectXPixelFormat_B8G8R8A8UIntNormalized;
+    if (cctx->out_fmt != AV_PIX_FMT_BGRA)
+        fmt = DirectXPixelFormat::DirectXPixelFormat_R16G16B16A16Float;
+
+    CHECK_HR_RET(wgctx->capture_item->get_Size(&wgctx->cap_size));
+    ret = wgc_calculate_client_area(avctx);
+    if (ret < 0)
+        return ret;
+
+    CHECK_HR_RET(d3d11_device.As(&d3d10_multithread));
+    d3d10_multithread->SetMultithreadProtected(TRUE);
+
+    CHECK_HR_RET(d3d11_device.As(&dxgi_device));
+    CHECK_HR_RET(ctx->fn.CreateDirect3D11DeviceFromDXGIDevice(dxgi_device.Get(), &wgctx->d3d_device));
+
+    CHECK_HR_RET(get_activation_factory<IDirect3D11CaptureFramePoolStatics>(ctx, RuntimeClass_Windows_Graphics_Capture_Direct3D11CaptureFramePool, &frame_pool_statics));
+    CHECK_HR_RET(frame_pool_statics->Create(wgctx->d3d_device.Get(), fmt, CAPTURE_POOL_SIZE, wgctx->cap_size, &wgctx->frame_pool));
+    CHECK_HR_RET(wgctx->frame_pool->CreateCaptureSession(wgctx->capture_item.Get(), &wgctx->capture_session));
+
+    if (SUCCEEDED(wgctx->capture_session.As(&session2))) {
+        if (FAILED(session2->put_IsCursorCaptureEnabled(cctx->capture_cursor))) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Failed setting cursor capture mode\n");
+        }
+    } else {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Cursor capture unavailable\n");
+    }
+
+    if (SUCCEEDED(wgctx->capture_session.As(&session3))) {
+        // this one is weird, it can return failure but still work
+        if (FAILED(session3->put_IsBorderRequired(cctx->display_border))) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Failed setting border drawing mode\n");
+        }
+    } else {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Disabling border drawing unavailable\n");
+    }
+
+    if (SUCCEEDED(wgctx->capture_session.As(&session5))) {
+        TimeSpan ivl = { av_rescale_q(1, av_inv_q(cctx->frame_rate), AVRational{1, TIMESPAN_RES}) };
+        if (FAILED(session5->put_MinUpdateInterval(ivl))) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Failed setting minimum update interval, framerate may be limited\n");
+        }
+    } else {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Setting minimum update interval unavailable, framerate may be limited\n");
+    }
+
+    wgctx->window_closed = 0;
+
+    CHECK_HR_RET(wgctx->capture_item->add_Closed(
+        create_cb_handler<ITypedEventHandler<GraphicsCaptureItem*,IInspectable*>, IGraphicsCaptureItem*, IInspectable*>(
+            [avctx, ctx](auto, auto) {
+                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_INFO, "Capture item closed\n");
+                wgc_closed_handler(ctx->wgc);
+                return S_OK;
+            }).Get(), &wgctx->closed_token));
+
+    CHECK_HR_RET(wgctx->frame_pool->add_FrameArrived(
+        create_cb_handler<ITypedEventHandler<Direct3D11CaptureFramePool*,IInspectable*>, IDirect3D11CaptureFramePool*, IInspectable*>(
+            [avctx, ctx](auto, auto) {
+                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_TRACE, "Frame arrived\n");
+                wgc_frame_arrived_handler(ctx->wgc);
+                return S_OK;
+            }).Get(), &wgctx->frame_arrived_token));
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int wgc_setup_gfxcapture_capture(AVFilterContext *avctx)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextWgc> &wgctx = ctx->wgc;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    int ret;
+
+    ComPtr<IGraphicsCaptureItemInterop> capture_item_interop;
+    CHECK_HR_RET(get_activation_factory<IGraphicsCaptureItemInterop>(ctx, RuntimeClass_Windows_Graphics_Capture_GraphicsCaptureItem, &capture_item_interop));
+
+    if (ctx->capture_hmonitor) {
+        hr = capture_item_interop->CreateForMonitor(ctx->capture_hmonitor, IID_PPV_ARGS(&wgctx->capture_item));
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to setup graphics capture for monitor (0x%08lX)\n", hr);
+            return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;
+        }
+    } else if (ctx->capture_hwnd) {
+        hr = capture_item_interop->CreateForWindow(ctx->capture_hwnd, IID_PPV_ARGS(&wgctx->capture_item));
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to setup graphics capture for window (0x%08lX)\n", hr);
+            return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ret = wgc_setup_gfxcapture_session(avctx);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to setup graphics capture pool\n");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    hr = ctx->wgc->capture_session->StartCapture();
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to start graphics capture session (0x%08lX)\n", hr);
+        return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int wgc_try_get_next_frame(AVFilterContext *avctx, ComPtr<IDirect3D11CaptureFrame> *capture_frame)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextWgc> &wgctx = ctx->wgc;
+
+    ComPtr<IDirect3DSurface> capture_surface;
+    ComPtr<IDirect3DDxgiInterfaceAccess> dxgi_interface_access;
+    ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> frame_texture;
+    SizeInt32 frame_size = { 0, 0 };
+
+    CHECK_HR_RET(wgctx->frame_pool->TryGetNextFrame(capture_frame->ReleaseAndGetAddressOf()));
+    if (!capture_frame->Get())
+        return AVERROR(EAGAIN);
+
+    CHECK_HR_RET(capture_frame->Get()->get_ContentSize(&frame_size));
+    if (frame_size.Width != wgctx->cap_size.Width || frame_size.Height != wgctx->cap_size.Height) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "Capture size changed to %dx%d\n", frame_size.Width, frame_size.Height);
+
+        DirectXPixelFormat fmt = DirectXPixelFormat::DirectXPixelFormat_B8G8R8A8UIntNormalized;
+        if (cctx->out_fmt != AV_PIX_FMT_BGRA)
+            fmt = DirectXPixelFormat::DirectXPixelFormat_R16G16B16A16Float;
+
+        CHECK_HR_RET(wgctx->frame_pool->Recreate(wgctx->d3d_device.Get(), fmt, CAPTURE_POOL_SIZE, frame_size));
+        wgctx->cap_size = frame_size;
+
+        int ret = wgc_calculate_client_area(avctx);
+        if (ret < 0)
+            return ret;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int wgc_setup_winrt(AVFilterContext *avctx)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextWgc> &wgctx = ctx->wgc;
+    MSG msg;
+
+    // pre-create the message-queue
+    PeekMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0, PM_NOREMOVE);
+
+    DispatcherQueueOptions options = { 0 };
+    options.dwSize = sizeof(DispatcherQueueOptions);
+    options.threadType = DISPATCHERQUEUE_THREAD_TYPE::DQTYPE_THREAD_CURRENT;
+    options.apartmentType = DISPATCHERQUEUE_THREAD_APARTMENTTYPE::DQTAT_COM_NONE;
+
+    CHECK_HR_RET(ctx->fn.CreateDispatcherQueueController(options, &wgctx->dispatcher_queue_controller));
+    CHECK_HR_RET(wgctx->dispatcher_queue_controller->get_DispatcherQueue(&wgctx->dispatcher_queue));
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void wgc_thread_uninit(AVFilterContext *avctx) noexcept
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+
+    wgc_stop_capture_session(avctx);
+
+    ctx->wgc.reset();
+    ctx->fn.RoUninitialize();
+}
+
+static int wgc_thread_init(AVFilterContext *avctx)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    HRESULT hr;
+    int ret;
+
+    ctx->wgc = std::make_unique<GfxCaptureContextWgc>();
+
+    ctx->fn.SetThreadDpiAwarenessContext(DPI_AWARENESS_CONTEXT_PER_MONITOR_AWARE_V2);
+
+    hr = ctx->fn.RoInitialize(RO_INIT_MULTITHREADED);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to initialize WinRT\n");
+        ctx->wgc.reset();
+        return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;
+    }
+
+    ret = wgc_setup_winrt(avctx);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to setup WinRT\n");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    ret = wgc_setup_gfxcapture_capture(avctx);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to setup graphics capture\n");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+
+fail:
+    wgc_thread_uninit(avctx);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int wgc_thread_worker(AVFilterContext *avctx)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextWgc> &wgctx = ctx->wgc;
+    ComPtr<IAsyncAction> async;
+    MSG msg;
+
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Starting message loop\n");
+
+    while (BOOL res = GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
+        if (res == -1) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to get message\n");
+            return AVERROR(EIO);
+        }
+
+        if (!msg.hwnd && msg.message == WM_WGC_THREAD_SHUTDOWN) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Initializing WGC thread shutdown\n");
+            if (FAILED(wgctx->dispatcher_queue_controller->ShutdownQueueAsync(&async))) {
+                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to shutdown dispatcher queue\n");
+                return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;
+            }
+            async->put_Completed(create_cb_handler<IAsyncActionCompletedHandler, IAsyncAction*, AsyncStatus>(
+                [avctx, ctx](auto, auto status) {
+                    PostThreadMessage(ctx->wgc_thread_id, WM_QUIT, 0, 0);
+                    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "WGC thread async shutdown completed: %d\n", (int)status);
+                    return S_OK;
+                }).Get());
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_TRACE, "Got message: %u\n", msg.message);
+
+        TranslateMessage(&msg);
+        DispatchMessage(&msg);
+    }
+
+    if (!async) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "WGC Thread message loop ended without proper shutdown\n");
+        return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;
+    }
+
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Message loop ended\n");
+
+    return msg.wParam;
+}
+
+static void *wgc_thread_entry(void *arg) noexcept
+{
+    AVFilterContext *avctx = static_cast<AVFilterContext*>(arg);
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+
+    {
+        static const char name_prefix[] = "wgc_winrt@0x";
+        char thread_name[sizeof(name_prefix) + sizeof(void*) * 2];
+        snprintf(thread_name, sizeof(thread_name), "%s%" PRIxPTR, name_prefix, (uintptr_t)avctx);
+        ff_thread_setname(thread_name);
+
+        std::lock_guard init_lock(ctx->wgc_thread_init_mutex);
+        ctx->wgc_thread_id = GetCurrentThreadId();
+
+        try {
+            ctx->wgc_thread_init_res = wgc_thread_init(avctx);
+        } catch (const std::bad_alloc &) {
+            ctx->wgc_thread_init_res = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+        } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "unhandled exception in WGC thread init: %s\n", e.what());
+            ctx->wgc_thread_init_res = AVERROR_BUG;
+        } catch (...) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unhandled exception in WGC thread init\n");
+            ctx->wgc_thread_init_res = AVERROR_BUG;
+        }
+
+        ctx->wgc_thread_init_cond.notify_all();
+        if (ctx->wgc_thread_init_res < 0)
+            return (void*)(intptr_t)AVERROR(ENOSYS);
+    }
+
+    int ret;
+
+    try {
+        ret = wgc_thread_worker(avctx);
+    } catch (const std::bad_alloc &) {
+        ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "unhandled exception in WGC thread worker: %s\n", e.what());
+        ret = AVERROR_BUG;
+    } catch (...) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Unhandled exception in WGC thread worker\n");
+        ret = AVERROR_BUG;
+    }
+
+    std::lock_guard uninit_lock(ctx->wgc_thread_uninit_mutex);
+    wgc_thread_uninit(avctx);
+
+    return (void*)(intptr_t)ret;
+}
+
+/***********************************
+ * WGC Thread Management Functions *
+ ***********************************/
+
+static int stop_wgc_thread(AVFilterContext *avctx)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    int ret = 0;
+
+    if (ctx->wgc_thread_created) {
+        if (ctx->wgc_thread_id && !PostThreadMessage(ctx->wgc_thread_id, WM_WGC_THREAD_SHUTDOWN, 0, 0))
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to post shutdown message to WGC thread\n");
+
+        void *wgc_res = nullptr;
+        pthread_join(ctx->wgc_thread, &wgc_res);
+        ret = (int)(intptr_t)wgc_res;
+
+        ctx->wgc_thread_id = 0;
+        ctx->wgc_thread_created = false;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int start_wgc_thread(AVFilterContext *avctx)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+
+    if (ctx->wgc_thread_created || ctx->wgc_thread_id) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Double-creation of WGC thread\n");
+        return AVERROR_BUG;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_lock wgc_lock(ctx->wgc_thread_init_mutex);
+    ctx->wgc_thread_init_res = INT_MAX;
+
+    int ret = pthread_create(&ctx->wgc_thread, nullptr, wgc_thread_entry, avctx);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to create WGC thread\n");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    ctx->wgc_thread_created = true;
+
+    if (!ctx->wgc_thread_init_cond.wait_for(wgc_lock, std::chrono::seconds(1), [&]() {
+        return ctx->wgc_thread_init_res != INT_MAX;
+    })) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "WGC thread init timed out\n");
+        return AVERROR(ETIMEDOUT);
+    }
+
+    return ctx->wgc_thread_init_res;
+}
+
+template <typename F>
+static int run_on_wgc_thread(AVFilterContext *avctx, F &&cb)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextWgc> &wgctx = ctx->wgc;
+
+    std::lock_guard uninit_lock(ctx->wgc_thread_uninit_mutex);
+    if (!wgctx) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "WGC thread not initialized\n");
+        return AVERROR(ENOSYS);
+    }
+
+    struct CBData {
+        std::mutex mutex;
+        std::condition_variable cond;
+        std::atomic<bool> done { false };
+        std::atomic<bool> cancel { false };
+        int ret = AVERROR_BUG;
+    };
+    auto cbdata = std::make_shared<CBData>();
+
+    std::unique_lock cblock(cbdata->mutex);
+
+    boolean res = 0;
+    CHECK_HR_RET(wgctx->dispatcher_queue->TryEnqueue(
+        create_cb_handler<IDispatcherQueueHandler>(
+            [cb = std::forward<F>(cb), cbdata]() {
+                {
+                    std::lock_guard lock(cbdata->mutex);
+                    if (cbdata->cancel.load(std::memory_order_acquire))
+                        return S_OK;
+
+                    try {
+                        cbdata->ret = cb();
+                    } catch (const std::bad_alloc &) {
+                        cbdata->ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+                    } catch (...) {
+                        cbdata->ret = AVERROR_BUG;
+                    }
+
+                    cbdata->done.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
+                }
+
+                cbdata->cond.notify_one();
+                return S_OK;
+            }).Get(), &res));
+    if (!res) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to enqueue WGC thread callback\n");
+        return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;
+    }
+
+    if (!cbdata->cond.wait_for(cblock, std::chrono::seconds(1), [&]() { return cbdata->done.load(std::memory_order_acquire); })) {
+        cbdata->cancel.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "WGC thread callback timed out\n");
+        return AVERROR(ETIMEDOUT);
+    }
+
+    return cbdata->ret;
+}
+
+/*******************************
+ * Standard AVFilter functions *
+ *******************************/
+
+static int build_regex(AVFilterContext *avctx, const char *pattern, std::regex *out)
+{
+    if (!pattern)
+        return 0;
+
+    std::string pat(pattern);
+
+    auto flags = std::regex::ECMAScript | std::regex::optimize;
+    if (pat.rfind("(?i)", 0) == 0 || pat.rfind("(?I)", 0) == 0) {
+        pat.erase(0, 4);
+        flags |= std::regex::icase;
+    } else if(pat.rfind("(?c)", 0) == 0 || pat.rfind("(?C)", 0) == 0) {
+        pat.erase(0, 4);
+    }
+
+    try {
+        *out = std::regex(pat, flags);
+    } catch (const std::regex_error &e) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to compile regex '%s': %s\n", pat.c_str(), e.what());
+        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Built regex: %s\n", pattern);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int wstring_to_utf8(const wchar_t *in, std::string *out)
+{
+    int utf8size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, in, -1, nullptr, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (utf8size <= 0)
+        return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+
+    // over-writing std::string by one is valid in C++17 according to 27.4.3.6 if and only if it's overwritten with 0
+    out->resize(utf8size - 1);
+
+    if (WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, in, -1, out->data(), utf8size, nullptr, nullptr) != utf8size)
+        return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_window_exe_name(HWND hwnd, std::string *out)
+{
+    out->clear();
+
+    DWORD pid = 0;
+    if (!GetWindowThreadProcessId(hwnd, &pid))
+        return AVERROR(ENOENT);
+
+    handle_ptr_t proc(OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, FALSE, pid));
+    if (!proc)
+        return AVERROR(EACCES);
+
+    std::wstring image_name;
+    DWORD image_name_size = 512;
+
+    for (;;) {
+        DWORD len = image_name_size;
+        image_name.resize(len);
+        if (QueryFullProcessImageNameW(proc.get(), 0, image_name.data(), &len)) {
+            image_name.resize(len);
+            break;
+        }
+        if (GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
+            image_name_size *= 2;
+            continue;
+        }
+        return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;
+    }
+
+    if (image_name.empty())
+        return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;
+
+    const wchar_t *base = image_name.c_str();
+    size_t pos = image_name.find_last_of(L"\\/");
+    if (pos != std::string::npos)
+        base += pos + 1;
+
+    return wstring_to_utf8(base, out);
+}
+
+static int find_capture_source(AVFilterContext *avctx)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    int cur_idx = 0;
+
+    ctx->capture_hwnd = NULL;
+    ctx->capture_hmonitor = NULL;
+
+    if (cctx->user_hmonitor) {
+        ctx->capture_hmonitor = (HMONITOR)(uintptr_t)cctx->user_hmonitor;
+        return 0;
+    } else if (cctx->user_hwnd) {
+        ctx->capture_hwnd = (HWND)(uintptr_t)cctx->user_hwnd;
+        return 0;
+    } else if (cctx->monitor_idx >= 0) {
+        auto cb = make_win32_callback([&](HMONITOR hmonitor, HDC, LPRECT) {
+            if (cur_idx++ == cctx->monitor_idx) {
+                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Found capture monitor: %d\n", cctx->monitor_idx);
+                ctx->capture_hmonitor = hmonitor;
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+            return TRUE;
+        });
+        if (EnumDisplayMonitors(NULL, NULL, cb->proc, cb->lparam) || !ctx->capture_hmonitor)
+            return AVERROR(ENOENT);
+        return 0;
+    } else if (cctx->window_text || cctx->window_class || cctx->window_exe) {
+        std::regex text_regex;
+        if (build_regex(avctx, cctx->window_text, &text_regex) < 0)
+            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+
+        std::regex class_regex;
+        if (build_regex(avctx, cctx->window_class, &class_regex) < 0)
+            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+
+        std::regex exe_regex;
+        if (build_regex(avctx, cctx->window_exe, &exe_regex) < 0)
+            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+
+        std::string window_text;
+        std::wstring window_text_w;
+        std::string window_class;
+        std::wstring window_class_w;
+        std::string window_exe;
+        auto cb = make_win32_callback([&](HWND hwnd) {
+            RECT r = { 0 };
+            if (!GetWindowRect(hwnd, &r) || r.right <= r.left || r.bottom <= r.top || !IsWindowVisible(hwnd))
+                return TRUE;
+
+            window_text_w.resize(GetWindowTextLengthW(hwnd) + 1);
+            int len = GetWindowTextW(hwnd, window_text_w.data(), (int)window_text_w.size());
+            if (len >= 0) {
+                window_text_w.resize(len);
+                if (wstring_to_utf8(window_text_w.c_str(), &window_text) < 0)
+                    window_text.clear();
+            } else {
+                window_text.clear();
+            }
+
+            window_class_w.resize(256);
+            len = GetClassNameW(hwnd, window_class_w.data(), (int)window_class_w.size());
+            if (len >= 0) {
+                window_class_w.resize(len);
+                if (wstring_to_utf8(window_class_w.c_str(), &window_class) < 0)
+                    window_class.clear();
+            } else {
+                window_class.clear();
+            }
+
+            get_window_exe_name(hwnd, &window_exe);
+
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_TRACE, "Checking window: hwnd=%p text=%s class=%s exe=%s\n",
+                   hwnd, window_text.c_str(), window_class.c_str(), window_exe.c_str());
+
+            if (cctx->window_text) {
+                if (window_text.empty() || !std::regex_search(window_text, text_regex))
+                    return TRUE;
+            }
+
+            if (cctx->window_class) {
+                if (window_class.empty() || !std::regex_search(window_class, class_regex))
+                    return TRUE;
+            }
+
+            if (cctx->window_exe) {
+                if (window_exe.empty() || !std::regex_search(window_exe, exe_regex))
+                    return TRUE;
+            }
+
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "Found capture window: %s (Class: %s, Exe: %s)\n",
+                   window_text.c_str(), window_class.c_str(), window_exe.c_str());
+            ctx->capture_hwnd = hwnd;
+            return FALSE;
+        });
+        if (EnumWindows(cb->proc, cb->lparam) || !ctx->capture_hwnd)
+            return AVERROR(ENOENT);
+
+        if (cctx->monitor_idx == GFX_MONITOR_IDX_WINDOW) {
+            ctx->capture_hmonitor = MonitorFromWindow(ctx->capture_hwnd, MONITOR_DEFAULTTONEAREST);
+            ctx->capture_hwnd = NULL;
+            if (!ctx->capture_hmonitor) {
+                av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to get monitor for capture window\n");
+                return AVERROR(ENOENT);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "No capture source specified\n");
+    return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+}
+
+static av_cold void gfxcapture_uninit(AVFilterContext *avctx)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+
+    if (!ctx)
+        return;
+
+    stop_wgc_thread(avctx);
+
+    ctx->d3d.reset();
+
+    av_buffer_unref(&ctx->frames_ref);
+    av_buffer_unref(&ctx->device_ref);
+
+    delete ctx;
+    cctx->ctx = nullptr;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static av_cold void GetProcAddressTyped(const hmodule_ptr_t &hModule, LPCSTR lpProcName, T *out) {
+    *out = reinterpret_cast<T>(GetProcAddress(hModule.get(), lpProcName));
+}
+
+static av_cold int load_functions(AVFilterContext *avctx)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+
+#define LOAD_DLL(handle, name) \
+    handle = hmodule_ptr_t(LoadLibraryExW(L##name, NULL, LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_SYSTEM32)); \
+    if (!handle) { \
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed opening " #name "\n"); \
+        return AVERROR(ENOSYS); \
+    }
+
+#define LOAD_FUNC(handle, name) \
+    GetProcAddressTyped(handle, #name, &ctx->fn.name); \
+    if (!ctx->fn.name) { \
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed loading " #name "\n"); \
+        return AVERROR(ENOSYS); \
+    }
+
+    // this handle is not used anywhere, but letting it get auto-freed during RoUninit causes crashes
+    LOAD_DLL(ctx->fn.graphicscapture_handle, "graphicscapture.dll");
+
+    LOAD_DLL(ctx->fn.combase_handle, "combase.dll");
+    LOAD_DLL(ctx->fn.dwmapi_handle, "dwmapi.dll");
+    LOAD_DLL(ctx->fn.d3d11_handle, "d3d11.dll");
+    LOAD_DLL(ctx->fn.coremsg_handle, "coremessaging.dll");
+    LOAD_DLL(ctx->fn.user32_handle, "user32.dll");
+    LOAD_DLL(ctx->fn.d3dcompiler_handle, "d3dcompiler_47.dll");
+
+    LOAD_FUNC(ctx->fn.combase_handle, RoInitialize);
+    LOAD_FUNC(ctx->fn.combase_handle, RoUninitialize);
+    LOAD_FUNC(ctx->fn.combase_handle, RoGetActivationFactory);
+    LOAD_FUNC(ctx->fn.combase_handle, WindowsCreateStringReference);
+
+    LOAD_FUNC(ctx->fn.dwmapi_handle, DwmGetWindowAttribute);
+
+    LOAD_FUNC(ctx->fn.d3d11_handle, CreateDirect3D11DeviceFromDXGIDevice);
+
+    LOAD_FUNC(ctx->fn.coremsg_handle, CreateDispatcherQueueController);
+
+    LOAD_FUNC(ctx->fn.user32_handle, SetThreadDpiAwarenessContext);
+
+    LOAD_FUNC(ctx->fn.d3dcompiler_handle, D3DCompile);
+
+#undef LOAD_FUNC
+#undef LOAD_DLL
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static av_cold int gfxcapture_init(AVFilterContext *avctx)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    int ret = 0;
+
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx = new GfxCaptureContextCpp();
+    ctx->d3d = std::make_unique<GfxCaptureContextD3D>();
+
+    ret = load_functions(avctx);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        ctx->fn.RoUninitialize = nullptr;
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+
+fail:
+    gfxcapture_uninit(avctx);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int init_hwframes_ctx(AVFilterContext *avctx)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    int ret = 0;
+
+    ctx->frames_ref = av_hwframe_ctx_alloc(ctx->device_ref);
+    if (!ctx->frames_ref)
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+    ctx->frames_ctx = (AVHWFramesContext*)ctx->frames_ref->data;
+    ctx->frames_hwctx = (AVD3D11VAFramesContext*)ctx->frames_ctx->hwctx;
+
+    ctx->frames_ctx->format    = AV_PIX_FMT_D3D11;
+    ctx->frames_ctx->width     = cctx->canvas_width;
+    ctx->frames_ctx->height    = cctx->canvas_height;
+    ctx->frames_ctx->sw_format = (AVPixelFormat)cctx->out_fmt;
+    if (avctx->extra_hw_frames > 0)
+        ctx->frames_ctx->initial_pool_size = 8 + avctx->extra_hw_frames;
+
+    ctx->frames_hwctx->BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_RENDER_TARGET;
+
+    ret = av_hwframe_ctx_init(ctx->frames_ref);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to initialise hardware frames context: %d.\n", ret);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+fail:
+    av_buffer_unref(&ctx->frames_ref);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int setup_gfxcapture_capture(AVFilterContext *avctx)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextWgc> &wgctx = ctx->wgc;
+    int ret = 0;
+
+    stop_wgc_thread(avctx);
+
+    ret = find_capture_source(avctx);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to find capture source\n");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    ret = start_wgc_thread(avctx);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to start WGC thread\n");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    int cap_w = wgctx->cap_size.Width - cctx->crop_left - cctx->crop_right;
+    int cap_h = wgctx->cap_size.Height - cctx->crop_top - cctx->crop_bottom;
+
+    if (!cctx->capture_border) {
+        cap_w -= wgctx->client_area_offsets.left + wgctx->client_area_offsets.right;
+        cap_h -= wgctx->client_area_offsets.top + wgctx->client_area_offsets.bottom;
+    }
+
+    if (cctx->canvas_width == 0)
+        cctx->canvas_width = cap_w;
+    else if (cctx->canvas_width < 0)
+        cctx->canvas_width = (cap_w / cctx->canvas_width) * cctx->canvas_width;
+
+    if (cctx->canvas_height == 0)
+        cctx->canvas_height = cap_h;
+    else if (cctx->canvas_height < 0)
+        cctx->canvas_height = (cap_h / cctx->canvas_height) * cctx->canvas_height;
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int prepare_render_resources(AVFilterContext *avctx)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextD3D> &d3dctx = ctx->d3d;
+    HRESULT hr;
+
+    ComPtr<ID3DBlob> vs_blob, ps_blob, err_blob;
+    CD3D11_SAMPLER_DESC sampler_desc(CD3D11_DEFAULT{});
+    UINT flags = D3DCOMPILE_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL3;
+
+    hr = ctx->fn.D3DCompile(render_shader_src, sizeof(render_shader_src) - 1, NULL, NULL, NULL, "main_vs", "vs_4_0", flags, 0, &vs_blob, &err_blob);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        if (err_blob) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed compiling vertex shader: %.*s\n", (int)err_blob->GetBufferSize(), (char*)err_blob->GetBufferPointer());
+        } else {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed compiling vertex shader: 0x%08lX\n", hr);
+        }
+        return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;
+    }
+
+    const char *ps_entry = "main_ps_bicubic";
+    if (cctx->resize_mode == GFX_RESIZE_CROP || cctx->scale_mode == GFX_SCALE_POINT) {
+        ps_entry = "main_ps";
+        sampler_desc.Filter = D3D11_FILTER_MIN_MAG_MIP_POINT;
+    }
+
+    hr = ctx->fn.D3DCompile(render_shader_src, sizeof(render_shader_src) - 1, NULL, NULL, NULL, ps_entry, "ps_4_0", flags, 0, &ps_blob, &err_blob);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        if (err_blob) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed compiling pixel shader: %.*s\n", (int)err_blob->GetBufferSize(), (char*)err_blob->GetBufferPointer());
+        } else {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed compiling pixel shader: 0x%08lX\n", hr);
+        }
+        return AVERROR_EXTERNAL;
+    }
+
+    CHECK_HR_RET(ctx->device_hwctx->device->CreateVertexShader(vs_blob->GetBufferPointer(), vs_blob->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &d3dctx->vertex_shader));
+    CHECK_HR_RET(ctx->device_hwctx->device->CreatePixelShader(ps_blob->GetBufferPointer(), ps_blob->GetBufferSize(), NULL, &d3dctx->pixel_shader));
+
+    CHECK_HR_RET(ctx->device_hwctx->device->CreateSamplerState(&sampler_desc, &d3dctx->sampler_state));
+
+    D3D11_BUFFER_DESC cb_desc = { 0 };
+    cb_desc.ByteWidth = 48;
+    cb_desc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC;
+    cb_desc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_CONSTANT_BUFFER;
+    cb_desc.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE;
+
+    CHECK_HR_RET(ctx->device_hwctx->device->CreateBuffer(&cb_desc, NULL, &d3dctx->shader_cb));
+
+    CHECK_HR_RET(ctx->device_hwctx->device->CreateDeferredContext(0, &d3dctx->deferred_ctx));
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int gfxcapture_config_props(AVFilterLink *outlink)
+{
+    AVFilterContext *avctx = outlink->src;
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+
+    FilterLink *link = ff_filter_link(outlink);
+    int ret;
+
+    if (avctx->hw_device_ctx) {
+        ctx->device_ctx = (AVHWDeviceContext*)avctx->hw_device_ctx->data;
+
+        if (ctx->device_ctx->type != AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_D3D11VA) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Non-D3D11VA input hw_device_ctx\n");
+            return AVERROR(EINVAL);
+        }
+
+        ctx->device_ref = av_buffer_ref(avctx->hw_device_ctx);
+        if (!ctx->device_ref)
+            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "Using provided hw_device_ctx\n");
+    } else {
+        ret = av_hwdevice_ctx_create(&ctx->device_ref, AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_D3D11VA, NULL, NULL, 0);
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to create D3D11VA device.\n");
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        ctx->device_ctx = (AVHWDeviceContext*)ctx->device_ref->data;
+
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "Created internal hw_device_ctx\n");
+    }
+
+    ctx->device_hwctx = (AVD3D11VADeviceContext*)ctx->device_ctx->hwctx;
+
+    ret = prepare_render_resources(avctx);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to prepare render resources\n");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    ret = setup_gfxcapture_capture(avctx);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Failed to setup graphics capture\n");
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    ret = init_hwframes_ctx(avctx);
+    if (ret < 0)
+        return ret;
+
+    link->hw_frames_ctx = av_buffer_ref(ctx->frames_ref);
+    if (!link->hw_frames_ctx)
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+    std::lock_guard wgc_lock(ctx->wgc_thread_uninit_mutex);
+    if (!ctx->wgc) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "WGC thread died prematurely\n");
+        return AVERROR(ENOSYS);
+    }
+
+    outlink->w = ctx->frames_ctx->width;
+    outlink->h = ctx->frames_ctx->height;
+    outlink->time_base = AVRational{1, TIMESPAN_RES};
+    outlink->alpha_mode = cctx->premult_alpha ? AVALPHA_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED : AVALPHA_MODE_STRAIGHT;
+    link->frame_rate = cctx->frame_rate;
+
+    av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "Capture setup with res %dx%d\n", outlink->w, outlink->h);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int render_capture_to_frame(AVFilterContext *avctx, AVFrame *frame, const ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> &src_tex)
+{
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextD3D> &d3dctx = ctx->d3d;
+    std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextWgc> &wgctx = ctx->wgc;
+
+    ID3D11Device *dev = ctx->device_hwctx->device;
+    ID3D11DeviceContext *dev_ctx = ctx->device_hwctx->device_context;
+    ComPtr<ID3D11DeviceContext> &def_ctx = d3dctx->deferred_ctx;
+
+    D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC dst_tex_desc;
+    reinterpret_cast<ID3D11Texture2D*>(frame->data[0])->GetDesc(&dst_tex_desc);
+
+    D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC src_tex_desc;
+    src_tex->GetDesc(&src_tex_desc);
+
+    D3D11_RENDER_TARGET_VIEW_DESC target_desc = {};
+    target_desc.Format = dst_tex_desc.Format;
+
+    if (dst_tex_desc.ArraySize > 1) {
+        target_desc.ViewDimension = D3D11_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2DARRAY;
+        target_desc.Texture2DArray.ArraySize = 1;
+        target_desc.Texture2DArray.FirstArraySlice = (uintptr_t)frame->data[1];
+        target_desc.Texture2DArray.MipSlice = 0;
+    } else {
+        target_desc.ViewDimension = D3D11_RTV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
+        target_desc.Texture2D.MipSlice = 0;
+    }
+
+    ComPtr<ID3D11RenderTargetView> rtv;
+    CHECK_HR_RET(dev->CreateRenderTargetView(
+        reinterpret_cast<ID3D11Resource*>(frame->data[0]), &target_desc, &rtv));
+
+    ComPtr<ID3D11ShaderResourceView> srv;
+    CHECK_HR_RET(dev->CreateShaderResourceView(src_tex.Get(), nullptr, &srv));
+
+    int crop_left = cctx->crop_left;
+    int crop_top = cctx->crop_top;
+    int crop_right = cctx->crop_right;
+    int crop_bottom = cctx->crop_bottom;
+
+    if (!cctx->capture_border) {
+        crop_left   += wgctx->client_area_offsets.left;
+        crop_top    += wgctx->client_area_offsets.top;
+        crop_right  += wgctx->client_area_offsets.right;
+        crop_bottom += wgctx->client_area_offsets.bottom;
+    }
+
+    // Using the actual capture frame size here adjusts for jank that can happen during rapid
+    // resizing of the source window. The capture frame pool is only recreated once a frame
+    // of changed size came out of it, so we need to cut/pad such frames to fit.
+    // Just discarding such frames can lead to visible stutter if the source window is being
+    // resized continuously, so this code does its best to adjust them instead. With the risk
+    // of slight clamping artifacts when enlarging rapidly.
+    int cropped_w = wgctx->cap_size.Width - crop_left - crop_right;
+    int cropped_h = wgctx->cap_size.Height - crop_top - crop_bottom;
+
+    D3D11_VIEWPORT viewport = { 0 };
+    viewport.MinDepth = 0.f;
+    viewport.MaxDepth = 1.f;
+
+    switch (cctx->resize_mode) {
+    case GFX_RESIZE_CROP:
+        viewport.Width  = (float)cropped_w;
+        viewport.Height = (float)cropped_h;
+        break;
+    case GFX_RESIZE_SCALE:
+        viewport.Width  = dst_tex_desc.Width;
+        viewport.Height = dst_tex_desc.Height;
+        break;
+    case GFX_RESIZE_SCALE_ASPECT: {
+        float scale = FFMIN(dst_tex_desc.Width / (float)cropped_w,
+                            dst_tex_desc.Height / (float)cropped_h);
+        viewport.Width  = cropped_w * scale;
+        viewport.Height = cropped_h * scale;
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid scaling mode\n");
+        return AVERROR_BUG;
+    };
+
+    def_ctx->RSSetViewports(1, &viewport);
+
+    D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE map;
+    CHECK_HR_RET(def_ctx->Map(d3dctx->shader_cb.Get(), 0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE_DISCARD, 0, &map));
+    {
+        float *cb_f = static_cast<float*>(map.pData);
+        uint32_t *cb_u = static_cast<uint32_t*>(map.pData);
+        cb_f[0] = (float)cropped_w;
+        cb_f[1] = (float)cropped_h;
+        cb_f[2] = viewport.Width;
+        cb_f[3] = viewport.Height;
+        cb_f[4] = crop_left / (float)src_tex_desc.Width; // min_u
+        cb_f[5] = crop_top / (float)src_tex_desc.Height; // min_v
+        cb_f[6] = (crop_left + cropped_w) / (float)src_tex_desc.Width; // max_u
+        cb_f[7] = (crop_top + cropped_h) / (float)src_tex_desc.Height; // max_v
+        cb_u[8] = !cctx->premult_alpha; // to_unpremult
+        cb_u[9] = src_tex_desc.Format == DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT &&
+                  dst_tex_desc.Format != DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT; // to_srgb
+    }
+    def_ctx->Unmap(d3dctx->shader_cb.Get(), 0);
+
+    def_ctx->OMSetRenderTargets(1, rtv.GetAddressOf(), nullptr);
+
+    const float clear_color[4] = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f};
+    def_ctx->ClearRenderTargetView(rtv.Get(), clear_color);
+
+    def_ctx->IASetPrimitiveTopology(D3D11_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLELIST);
+    def_ctx->VSSetShader(d3dctx->vertex_shader.Get(), nullptr, 0);
+    def_ctx->VSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, d3dctx->shader_cb.GetAddressOf());
+    def_ctx->PSSetShader(d3dctx->pixel_shader.Get(), nullptr, 0);
+    def_ctx->PSSetSamplers(0, 1, d3dctx->sampler_state.GetAddressOf());
+    def_ctx->PSSetShaderResources(0, 1, srv.GetAddressOf());
+    def_ctx->PSSetConstantBuffers(0, 1, d3dctx->shader_cb.GetAddressOf());
+
+    def_ctx->Draw(3, 0);
+
+    ComPtr<ID3D11CommandList> cmd_list;
+    CHECK_HR_RET(def_ctx->FinishCommandList(FALSE, &cmd_list));
+    dev_ctx->ExecuteCommandList(cmd_list.Get(), FALSE);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int process_frame_if_exists(AVFilterLink *outlink)
+{
+    AVFilterContext *avctx = outlink->src;
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    int ret;
+
+    AVFrame *frame = nullptr;
+
+    ret = run_on_wgc_thread(avctx, [&]() {
+        ComPtr<IDirect3D11CaptureFrame> capture_frame;
+        ComPtr<IDirect3DSurface> capture_surface;
+        ComPtr<IDirect3DDxgiInterfaceAccess> dxgi_interface_access;
+        ComPtr<ID3D11Texture2D> frame_texture;
+        TimeSpan frame_time = { 0 };
+
+        ret = wgc_try_get_next_frame(avctx, &capture_frame);
+        if (ret < 0)
+            return ret;
+
+        CHECK_HR_RET(capture_frame->get_SystemRelativeTime(&frame_time));
+
+        CHECK_HR_RET(capture_frame->get_Surface(&capture_surface));
+        CHECK_HR_RET(capture_surface.As(&dxgi_interface_access));
+        CHECK_HR_RET(dxgi_interface_access->GetInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&frame_texture)));
+
+        if (!frame_texture)
+            return AVERROR(EAGAIN);
+
+        frame = ff_get_video_buffer(outlink, cctx->canvas_width, cctx->canvas_height);
+        if (!frame)
+            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+
+        frame->pts = frame_time.Duration;
+
+        return render_capture_to_frame(avctx, frame, frame_texture);
+    });
+    if (ret < 0)
+        return ret;
+
+    frame->sample_aspect_ratio = AVRational{1, 1};
+
+    if (ctx->frames_ctx->sw_format == AV_PIX_FMT_RGBAF16) {
+        // According to MSDN, all floating point formats contain sRGB image data with linear 1.0 gamma.
+        frame->color_range     = AVCOL_RANGE_JPEG;
+        frame->color_primaries = AVCOL_PRI_BT709;
+        frame->color_trc       = AVCOL_TRC_LINEAR;
+        frame->colorspace      = AVCOL_SPC_RGB;
+    } else {
+        // According to MSDN, all integer formats contain sRGB image data
+        frame->color_range     = AVCOL_RANGE_JPEG;
+        frame->color_primaries = AVCOL_PRI_BT709;
+        frame->color_trc       = AVCOL_TRC_IEC61966_2_1;
+        frame->colorspace      = AVCOL_SPC_RGB;
+    }
+
+    ctx->last_pts = frame->pts;
+
+    if (!ctx->first_pts)
+        ctx->first_pts = frame->pts;
+    frame->pts -= ctx->first_pts;
+
+    return ff_filter_frame(outlink, frame);
+}
+
+static int gfxcapture_activate(AVFilterContext *avctx)
+{
+    AVFilterLink *outlink = avctx->outputs[0];
+    GfxCaptureContext *cctx = CCTX(avctx->priv);
+    GfxCaptureContextCpp *ctx = cctx->ctx;
+    std::unique_ptr<GfxCaptureContextWgc> &wgctx = ctx->wgc;
+
+    std::lock_guard wgc_lock(ctx->wgc_thread_uninit_mutex);
+    if (!wgctx) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "WGC thread not initialized\n");
+        return AVERROR(ENOSYS);
+    }
+
+    if (!ff_outlink_frame_wanted(outlink))
+        return FFERROR_NOT_READY;
+
+    std::unique_lock frame_lock(wgctx->frame_arrived_mutex);
+
+    for (;;) {
+        uint64_t last_seq = wgctx->frame_seq.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+
+        int ret = process_frame_if_exists(outlink);
+        if (ret != AVERROR(EAGAIN))
+            return ret;
+
+        if (wgctx->window_closed.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) {
+            ff_outlink_set_status(outlink, AVERROR_EOF, ctx->last_pts - ctx->first_pts + 1);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (!wgctx->frame_arrived_cond.wait_for(frame_lock, std::chrono::seconds(1), [&]() {
+            return wgctx->frame_seq.load(std::memory_order_acquire) != last_seq ||
+                   wgctx->window_closed.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
+        }))
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+av_cold void ff_gfxcapture_uninit(AVFilterContext *avctx) noexcept
+{
+    try {
+        gfxcapture_uninit(avctx);
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "unhandled exception during uninit: %s\n", e.what());
+    } catch (...) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "unhandled exception during uninit\n");
+    }
+}
+
+av_cold int ff_gfxcapture_init(AVFilterContext *avctx) noexcept
+{
+    try {
+        return gfxcapture_init(avctx);
+    } catch (const std::bad_alloc&) {
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "unhandled exception during init: %s\n", e.what());
+        return AVERROR_BUG;
+    } catch (...) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "unhandled exception during init\n");
+        return AVERROR_BUG;
+    }
+}
+
+int ff_gfxcapture_activate(AVFilterContext *avctx) noexcept
+{
+    try {
+        return gfxcapture_activate(avctx);
+    } catch (const std::bad_alloc&) {
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "unhandled exception during activate: %s\n", e.what());
+        return AVERROR_BUG;
+    } catch (...) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "unhandled exception during activate\n");
+        return AVERROR_BUG;
+    }
+}
+
+int ff_gfxcapture_config_props(AVFilterLink *outlink) noexcept
+{
+    AVFilterContext *avctx = outlink->src;
+
+    try {
+        return gfxcapture_config_props(outlink);
+    } catch (const std::bad_alloc&) {
+        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
+    } catch (const std::exception &e) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "unhandled exception during config_props: %s\n", e.what());
+        return AVERROR_BUG;
+    } catch (...) {
+        av_log(avctx, AV_LOG_ERROR, "unhandled exception during config_props\n");
+        return AVERROR_BUG;
+    }
+}