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cdef extern from "Python.h": 
 
    ########################################################################### 
    # MemoryView Objects 
    ########################################################################### 
    # A memoryview object exposes the C level buffer interface as a Python 
    # object which can then be passed around like any other object 
 
    object PyMemoryView_FromObject(object obj) 
    # Return value: New reference. 
    # Create a memoryview object from an object that provides the buffer 
    # interface. If obj supports writable buffer exports, the memoryview object 
    # will be read/write, otherwise it may be either read-only or read/write at 
    # the discretion of the exporter. 
 
    object PyMemoryView_FromMemory(char *mem, Py_ssize_t size, int flags) 
    # Return value: New reference. 
    # Create a memoryview object using mem as the underlying buffer. flags can 
    # be one of PyBUF_READ or PyBUF_WRITE. 
    # New in version 3.3. 
 
    object PyMemoryView_FromBuffer(Py_buffer *view) 
    # Return value: New reference. 
    # Create a memoryview object wrapping the given buffer structure view. For 
    # simple byte buffers, PyMemoryView_FromMemory() is the preferred function. 
 
    object PyMemoryView_GetContiguous(object obj, 
                                      int buffertype, 
                                      char order) 
    # Return value: New reference. 
    # Create a memoryview object to a contiguous chunk of memory (in either ‘C’ 
    # or ‘F’ortran order) from an object that defines the buffer interface. If 
    # memory is contiguous, the memoryview object points to the original 
    # memory. Otherwise, a copy is made and the memoryview points to a new 
    # bytes object. 
 
    bint PyMemoryView_Check(object obj) 
    # Return true if the object obj is a memoryview object. It is not currently 
    # allowed to create subclasses of memoryview. 
 
    Py_buffer *PyMemoryView_GET_BUFFER(object mview) 
    # Return a pointer to the memoryview’s private copy of the exporter’s 
    # buffer. mview must be a memoryview instance; this macro doesn’t check its 
    # type, you must do it yourself or you will risk crashes. 
 
    Py_buffer *PyMemoryView_GET_BASE(object mview) 
    # Return either a pointer to the exporting object that the memoryview is 
    # based on or NULL if the memoryview has been created by one of the 
    # functions PyMemoryView_FromMemory() or PyMemoryView_FromBuffer(). mview 
    # must be a memoryview instance.