path: root/contrib/python/tornado/tornado-4/tornado/options.py

#!/usr/bin/env python 
# 
# Copyright 2009 Facebook 
# 
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may 
# not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain 
# a copy of the License at 
# 
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
# 
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT 
# WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the 
# License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations 
# under the License. 
 
"""A command line parsing module that lets modules define their own options. 
 
Each module defines its own options which are added to the global 
option namespace, e.g.:: 
 
    from tornado.options import define, options 
 
    define("mysql_host", default="127.0.0.1:3306", help="Main user DB") 
    define("memcache_hosts", default="127.0.0.1:11011", multiple=True, 
           help="Main user memcache servers") 
 
    def connect(): 
        db = database.Connection(options.mysql_host) 
        ... 
 
The ``main()`` method of your application does not need to be aware of all of 
the options used throughout your program; they are all automatically loaded 
when the modules are loaded.  However, all modules that define options 
must have been imported before the command line is parsed. 
 
Your ``main()`` method can parse the command line or parse a config file with 
either:: 
 
    tornado.options.parse_command_line() 
    # or 
    tornado.options.parse_config_file("/etc/server.conf") 
 
.. note: 
 
   When using tornado.options.parse_command_line or 
   tornado.options.parse_config_file, the only options that are set are 
   ones that were previously defined with tornado.options.define. 
 
Command line formats are what you would expect (``--myoption=myvalue``). 
Config files are just Python files. Global names become options, e.g.:: 
 
    myoption = "myvalue" 
    myotheroption = "myothervalue" 
 
We support `datetimes <datetime.datetime>`, `timedeltas 
<datetime.timedelta>`, ints, and floats (just pass a ``type`` kwarg to 
`define`). We also accept multi-value options. See the documentation for 
`define()` below. 
 
`tornado.options.options` is a singleton instance of `OptionParser`, and 
the top-level functions in this module (`define`, `parse_command_line`, etc) 
simply call methods on it.  You may create additional `OptionParser` 
instances to define isolated sets of options, such as for subcommands. 
 
.. note:: 
 
   By default, several options are defined that will configure the 
   standard `logging` module when `parse_command_line` or `parse_config_file` 
   are called.  If you want Tornado to leave the logging configuration 
   alone so you can manage it yourself, either pass ``--logging=none`` 
   on the command line or do the following to disable it in code:: 
 
       from tornado.options import options, parse_command_line 
       options.logging = None 
       parse_command_line() 
 
.. versionchanged:: 4.3 
   Dashes and underscores are fully interchangeable in option names; 
   options can be defined, set, and read with any mix of the two. 
   Dashes are typical for command-line usage while config files require 
   underscores. 
""" 
 
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function 
 
import datetime 
import numbers 
import re 
import sys 
import os 
import textwrap 
 
from tornado.escape import _unicode, native_str 
from tornado.log import define_logging_options 
from tornado import stack_context 
from tornado.util import basestring_type, exec_in 
 
 
class Error(Exception): 
    """Exception raised by errors in the options module.""" 
    pass 
 
 
class OptionParser(object): 
    """A collection of options, a dictionary with object-like access. 
 
    Normally accessed via static functions in the `tornado.options` module, 
    which reference a global instance. 
    """ 
    def __init__(self): 
        # we have to use self.__dict__ because we override setattr. 
        self.__dict__['_options'] = {} 
        self.__dict__['_parse_callbacks'] = [] 
        self.define("help", type=bool, help="show this help information", 
                    callback=self._help_callback) 
 
    def _normalize_name(self, name): 
        return name.replace('_', '-') 
 
    def __getattr__(self, name): 
        name = self._normalize_name(name) 
        if isinstance(self._options.get(name), _Option): 
            return self._options[name].value() 
        raise AttributeError("Unrecognized option %r" % name) 
 
    def __setattr__(self, name, value): 
        name = self._normalize_name(name) 
        if isinstance(self._options.get(name), _Option): 
            return self._options[name].set(value) 
        raise AttributeError("Unrecognized option %r" % name) 
 
    def __iter__(self): 
        return (opt.name for opt in self._options.values()) 
 
    def __contains__(self, name): 
        name = self._normalize_name(name) 
        return name in self._options 
 
    def __getitem__(self, name): 
        return self.__getattr__(name) 
 
    def __setitem__(self, name, value): 
        return self.__setattr__(name, value) 
 
    def items(self): 
        """A sequence of (name, value) pairs. 
 
        .. versionadded:: 3.1 
        """ 
        return [(opt.name, opt.value()) for name, opt in self._options.items()] 
 
    def groups(self): 
        """The set of option-groups created by ``define``. 
 
        .. versionadded:: 3.1 
        """ 
        return set(opt.group_name for opt in self._options.values()) 
 
    def group_dict(self, group): 
        """The names and values of options in a group. 
 
        Useful for copying options into Application settings:: 
 
            from tornado.options import define, parse_command_line, options 
 
            define('template_path', group='application') 
            define('static_path', group='application') 
 
            parse_command_line() 
 
            application = Application( 
                handlers, **options.group_dict('application')) 
 
        .. versionadded:: 3.1 
        """ 
        return dict( 
            (opt.name, opt.value()) for name, opt in self._options.items() 
            if not group or group == opt.group_name) 
 
    def as_dict(self): 
        """The names and values of all options. 
 
        .. versionadded:: 3.1 
        """ 
        return dict( 
            (opt.name, opt.value()) for name, opt in self._options.items()) 
 
    def define(self, name, default=None, type=None, help=None, metavar=None, 
               multiple=False, group=None, callback=None): 
        """Defines a new command line option. 
 
        If ``type`` is given (one of str, float, int, datetime, or timedelta) 
        or can be inferred from the ``default``, we parse the command line 
        arguments based on the given type. If ``multiple`` is True, we accept 
        comma-separated values, and the option value is always a list. 
 
        For multi-value integers, we also accept the syntax ``x:y``, which 
        turns into ``range(x, y)`` - very useful for long integer ranges. 
 
        ``help`` and ``metavar`` are used to construct the 
        automatically generated command line help string. The help 
        message is formatted like:: 
 
           --name=METAVAR      help string 
 
        ``group`` is used to group the defined options in logical 
        groups. By default, command line options are grouped by the 
        file in which they are defined. 
 
        Command line option names must be unique globally. They can be parsed 
        from the command line with `parse_command_line` or parsed from a 
        config file with `parse_config_file`. 
 
        If a ``callback`` is given, it will be run with the new value whenever 
        the option is changed.  This can be used to combine command-line 
        and file-based options:: 
 
            define("config", type=str, help="path to config file", 
                   callback=lambda path: parse_config_file(path, final=False)) 
 
        With this definition, options in the file specified by ``--config`` will 
        override options set earlier on the command line, but can be overridden 
        by later flags. 
        """ 
        normalized = self._normalize_name(name) 
        if normalized in self._options: 
            raise Error("Option %r already defined in %s" % 
                        (normalized, self._options[normalized].file_name)) 
        frame = sys._getframe(0) 
        options_file = frame.f_code.co_filename 
 
        # Can be called directly, or through top level define() fn, in which 
        # case, step up above that frame to look for real caller. 
        if (frame.f_back.f_code.co_filename == options_file and 
                frame.f_back.f_code.co_name == 'define'): 
            frame = frame.f_back 
 
        file_name = frame.f_back.f_code.co_filename 
        if file_name == options_file: 
            file_name = "" 
        if type is None: 
            if not multiple and default is not None: 
                type = default.__class__ 
            else: 
                type = str 
        if group: 
            group_name = group 
        else: 
            group_name = file_name 
        option = _Option(name, file_name=file_name, 
                         default=default, type=type, help=help, 
                         metavar=metavar, multiple=multiple, 
                         group_name=group_name, 
                         callback=callback) 
        self._options[normalized] = option 
 
    def parse_command_line(self, args=None, final=True): 
        """Parses all options given on the command line (defaults to 
        `sys.argv`). 
 
        Note that ``args[0]`` is ignored since it is the program name 
        in `sys.argv`. 
 
        We return a list of all arguments that are not parsed as options. 
 
        If ``final`` is ``False``, parse callbacks will not be run. 
        This is useful for applications that wish to combine configurations 
        from multiple sources. 
        """ 
        if args is None: 
            args = sys.argv 
        remaining = [] 
        for i in range(1, len(args)): 
            # All things after the last option are command line arguments 
            if not args[i].startswith("-"): 
                remaining = args[i:] 
                break 
            if args[i] == "--": 
                remaining = args[i + 1:] 
                break 
            arg = args[i].lstrip("-") 
            name, equals, value = arg.partition("=") 
            name = self._normalize_name(name) 
            if name not in self._options: 
                self.print_help() 
                raise Error('Unrecognized command line option: %r' % name) 
            option = self._options[name] 
            if not equals: 
                if option.type == bool: 
                    value = "true" 
                else: 
                    raise Error('Option %r requires a value' % name) 
            option.parse(value) 
 
        if final: 
            self.run_parse_callbacks() 
 
        return remaining 
 
    def parse_config_file(self, path, final=True): 
        """Parses and loads the Python config file at the given path. 
 
        If ``final`` is ``False``, parse callbacks will not be run. 
        This is useful for applications that wish to combine configurations 
        from multiple sources. 
 
        .. versionchanged:: 4.1 
           Config files are now always interpreted as utf-8 instead of 
           the system default encoding. 
 
        .. versionchanged:: 4.4 
           The special variable ``__file__`` is available inside config 
           files, specifying the absolute path to the config file itself. 
        """ 
        config = {'__file__': os.path.abspath(path)} 
        with open(path, 'rb') as f: 
            exec_in(native_str(f.read()), config, config) 
        for name in config: 
            normalized = self._normalize_name(name) 
            if normalized in self._options: 
                self._options[normalized].set(config[name]) 
 
        if final: 
            self.run_parse_callbacks() 
 
    def print_help(self, file=None): 
        """Prints all the command line options to stderr (or another file).""" 
        if file is None: 
            file = sys.stderr 
        print("Usage: %s [OPTIONS]" % sys.argv[0], file=file) 
        print("\nOptions:\n", file=file) 
        by_group = {} 
        for option in self._options.values(): 
            by_group.setdefault(option.group_name, []).append(option) 
 
        for filename, o in sorted(by_group.items()): 
            if filename: 
                print("\n%s options:\n" % os.path.normpath(filename), file=file) 
            o.sort(key=lambda option: option.name) 
            for option in o: 
                # Always print names with dashes in a CLI context. 
                prefix = self._normalize_name(option.name) 
                if option.metavar: 
                    prefix += "=" + option.metavar 
                description = option.help or "" 
                if option.default is not None and option.default != '': 
                    description += " (default %s)" % option.default 
                lines = textwrap.wrap(description, 79 - 35) 
                if len(prefix) > 30 or len(lines) == 0: 
                    lines.insert(0, '') 
                print("  --%-30s %s" % (prefix, lines[0]), file=file) 
                for line in lines[1:]: 
                    print("%-34s %s" % (' ', line), file=file) 
        print(file=file) 
 
    def _help_callback(self, value): 
        if value: 
            self.print_help() 
            sys.exit(0) 
 
    def add_parse_callback(self, callback): 
        """Adds a parse callback, to be invoked when option parsing is done.""" 
        self._parse_callbacks.append(stack_context.wrap(callback)) 
 
    def run_parse_callbacks(self): 
        for callback in self._parse_callbacks: 
            callback() 
 
    def mockable(self): 
        """Returns a wrapper around self that is compatible with 
        `mock.patch <unittest.mock.patch>`. 
 
        The `mock.patch <unittest.mock.patch>` function (included in 
        the standard library `unittest.mock` package since Python 3.3, 
        or in the third-party ``mock`` package for older versions of 
        Python) is incompatible with objects like ``options`` that 
        override ``__getattr__`` and ``__setattr__``.  This function 
        returns an object that can be used with `mock.patch.object 
        <unittest.mock.patch.object>` to modify option values:: 
 
            with mock.patch.object(options.mockable(), 'name', value): 
                assert options.name == value 
        """ 
        return _Mockable(self) 
 
 
class _Mockable(object): 
    """`mock.patch` compatible wrapper for `OptionParser`. 
 
    As of ``mock`` version 1.0.1, when an object uses ``__getattr__`` 
    hooks instead of ``__dict__``, ``patch.__exit__`` tries to delete 
    the attribute it set instead of setting a new one (assuming that 
    the object does not catpure ``__setattr__``, so the patch 
    created a new attribute in ``__dict__``). 
 
    _Mockable's getattr and setattr pass through to the underlying 
    OptionParser, and delattr undoes the effect of a previous setattr. 
    """ 
    def __init__(self, options): 
        # Modify __dict__ directly to bypass __setattr__ 
        self.__dict__['_options'] = options 
        self.__dict__['_originals'] = {} 
 
    def __getattr__(self, name): 
        return getattr(self._options, name) 
 
    def __setattr__(self, name, value): 
        assert name not in self._originals, "don't reuse mockable objects" 
        self._originals[name] = getattr(self._options, name) 
        setattr(self._options, name, value) 
 
    def __delattr__(self, name): 
        setattr(self._options, name, self._originals.pop(name)) 
 
 
class _Option(object): 
    UNSET = object() 
 
    def __init__(self, name, default=None, type=basestring_type, help=None, 
                 metavar=None, multiple=False, file_name=None, group_name=None, 
                 callback=None): 
        if default is None and multiple: 
            default = [] 
        self.name = name 
        self.type = type 
        self.help = help 
        self.metavar = metavar 
        self.multiple = multiple 
        self.file_name = file_name 
        self.group_name = group_name 
        self.callback = callback 
        self.default = default 
        self._value = _Option.UNSET 
 
    def value(self): 
        return self.default if self._value is _Option.UNSET else self._value 
 
    def parse(self, value): 
        _parse = { 
            datetime.datetime: self._parse_datetime, 
            datetime.timedelta: self._parse_timedelta, 
            bool: self._parse_bool, 
            basestring_type: self._parse_string, 
        }.get(self.type, self.type) 
        if self.multiple: 
            self._value = [] 
            for part in value.split(","): 
                if issubclass(self.type, numbers.Integral): 
                    # allow ranges of the form X:Y (inclusive at both ends) 
                    lo, _, hi = part.partition(":") 
                    lo = _parse(lo) 
                    hi = _parse(hi) if hi else lo 
                    self._value.extend(range(lo, hi + 1)) 
                else: 
                    self._value.append(_parse(part)) 
        else: 
            self._value = _parse(value) 
        if self.callback is not None: 
            self.callback(self._value) 
        return self.value() 
 
    def set(self, value): 
        if self.multiple: 
            if not isinstance(value, list): 
                raise Error("Option %r is required to be a list of %s" % 
                            (self.name, self.type.__name__)) 
            for item in value: 
                if item is not None and not isinstance(item, self.type): 
                    raise Error("Option %r is required to be a list of %s" % 
                                (self.name, self.type.__name__)) 
        else: 
            if value is not None and not isinstance(value, self.type): 
                raise Error("Option %r is required to be a %s (%s given)" % 
                            (self.name, self.type.__name__, type(value))) 
        self._value = value 
        if self.callback is not None: 
            self.callback(self._value) 
 
    # Supported date/time formats in our options 
    _DATETIME_FORMATS = [ 
        "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y", 
        "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 
        "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", 
        "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M", 
        "%Y%m%d %H:%M:%S", 
        "%Y%m%d %H:%M", 
        "%Y-%m-%d", 
        "%Y%m%d", 
        "%H:%M:%S", 
        "%H:%M", 
    ] 
 
    def _parse_datetime(self, value): 
        for format in self._DATETIME_FORMATS: 
            try: 
                return datetime.datetime.strptime(value, format) 
            except ValueError: 
                pass 
        raise Error('Unrecognized date/time format: %r' % value) 
 
    _TIMEDELTA_ABBREV_DICT = { 
        'h': 'hours', 
        'm': 'minutes', 
        'min': 'minutes', 
        's': 'seconds', 
        'sec': 'seconds', 
        'ms': 'milliseconds', 
        'us': 'microseconds', 
        'd': 'days', 
        'w': 'weeks', 
    } 
 
    _FLOAT_PATTERN = r'[-+]?(?:\d+(?:\.\d*)?|\.\d+)(?:[eE][-+]?\d+)?' 
 
    _TIMEDELTA_PATTERN = re.compile( 
        r'\s*(%s)\s*(\w*)\s*' % _FLOAT_PATTERN, re.IGNORECASE) 
 
    def _parse_timedelta(self, value): 
        try: 
            sum = datetime.timedelta() 
            start = 0 
            while start < len(value): 
                m = self._TIMEDELTA_PATTERN.match(value, start) 
                if not m: 
                    raise Exception() 
                num = float(m.group(1)) 
                units = m.group(2) or 'seconds' 
                units = self._TIMEDELTA_ABBREV_DICT.get(units, units) 
                sum += datetime.timedelta(**{units: num}) 
                start = m.end() 
            return sum 
        except Exception: 
            raise 
 
    def _parse_bool(self, value): 
        return value.lower() not in ("false", "0", "f") 
 
    def _parse_string(self, value): 
        return _unicode(value) 
 
 
options = OptionParser() 
"""Global options object. 
 
All defined options are available as attributes on this object. 
""" 
 
 
def define(name, default=None, type=None, help=None, metavar=None, 
           multiple=False, group=None, callback=None): 
    """Defines an option in the global namespace. 
 
    See `OptionParser.define`. 
    """ 
    return options.define(name, default=default, type=type, help=help, 
                          metavar=metavar, multiple=multiple, group=group, 
                          callback=callback) 
 
 
def parse_command_line(args=None, final=True): 
    """Parses global options from the command line. 
 
    See `OptionParser.parse_command_line`. 
    """ 
    return options.parse_command_line(args, final=final) 
 
 
def parse_config_file(path, final=True): 
    """Parses global options from a config file. 
 
    See `OptionParser.parse_config_file`. 
    """ 
    return options.parse_config_file(path, final=final) 
 
 
def print_help(file=None): 
    """Prints all the command line options to stderr (or another file). 
 
    See `OptionParser.print_help`. 
    """ 
    return options.print_help(file) 
 
 
def add_parse_callback(callback): 
    """Adds a parse callback, to be invoked when option parsing is done. 
 
    See `OptionParser.add_parse_callback` 
    """ 
    options.add_parse_callback(callback) 
 
 
# Default options 
define_logging_options(options)