/**
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include "orc/Int128.hh"
#include "Adaptor.hh"

#include <algorithm>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>

namespace orc {

  Int128 Int128::maximumValue() {
    return Int128(0x7fffffffffffffff, 0xfffffffffffffff);
  }

  Int128 Int128::minimumValue() {
    return Int128(static_cast<int64_t>(0x8000000000000000), 0x0);
  }

  Int128::Int128(const std::string& str) {
    lowbits = 0;
    highbits = 0;
    size_t length = str.length();
    if (length > 0) {
      bool isNegative = str[0] == '-';
      size_t posn = isNegative ? 1 : 0;
      while (posn < length) {
        size_t group = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(18), length - posn);
        int64_t chunk = std::stoll(str.substr(posn, group));
        int64_t multiple = 1;
        for(size_t i=0; i < group; ++i) {
          multiple *= 10;
        }
        *this *= multiple;
        *this += chunk;
        posn += group;
      }
      if (isNegative) {
        negate();
      }
    }
  }

  Int128& Int128::operator*=(const Int128 &right) {
    const uint64_t INT_MASK = 0xffffffff;
    const uint64_t CARRY_BIT = INT_MASK + 1;

    // Break the left and right numbers into 32 bit chunks
    // so that we can multiply them without overflow.
    uint64_t L0 = static_cast<uint64_t>(highbits) >> 32;
    uint64_t L1 = static_cast<uint64_t>(highbits) & INT_MASK;
    uint64_t L2 = lowbits >> 32;
    uint64_t L3 = lowbits & INT_MASK;
    uint64_t R0 = static_cast<uint64_t>(right.highbits) >> 32;
    uint64_t R1 = static_cast<uint64_t>(right.highbits) & INT_MASK;
    uint64_t R2 = right.lowbits >> 32;
    uint64_t R3 = right.lowbits & INT_MASK;

    uint64_t product = L3 * R3;
    lowbits = product & INT_MASK;
    uint64_t sum = product >> 32;
    product = L2 * R3;
    sum += product;
    highbits = sum < product ? CARRY_BIT : 0;
    product = L3 * R2;
    sum += product;
    if (sum < product) {
      highbits += CARRY_BIT;
    }
    lowbits += sum << 32;
    highbits += static_cast<int64_t>(sum >> 32);
    highbits += L1 * R3 + L2 * R2 + L3 * R1;
    highbits += (L0 * R3 + L1 * R2 + L2 * R1 + L3 * R0) << 32;
    return *this;
  }

  /**
   * Expands the given value into an array of ints so that we can work on
   * it. The array will be converted to an absolute value and the wasNegative
   * flag will be set appropriately. The array will remove leading zeros from
   * the value.
   * @param array an array of length 4 to set with the value
   * @param wasNegative a flag for whether the value was original negative
   * @result the output length of the array
   */
  int64_t Int128::fillInArray(uint32_t* array, bool &wasNegative) const {
    uint64_t high;
    uint64_t low;
    if (highbits < 0) {
      low = ~lowbits + 1;
      high = static_cast<uint64_t>(~highbits);
      if (low == 0) {
        high += 1;
      }
      wasNegative = true;
    } else {
      low = lowbits;
      high = static_cast<uint64_t>(highbits);
      wasNegative = false;
    }
    if (high != 0) {
      if (high > UINT32_MAX) {
        array[0] = static_cast<uint32_t>(high >> 32);
        array[1] = static_cast<uint32_t>(high);
        array[2] = static_cast<uint32_t>(low >> 32);
        array[3] = static_cast<uint32_t>(low);
        return 4;
      } else {
        array[0] = static_cast<uint32_t>(high);
        array[1] = static_cast<uint32_t>(low >> 32);
        array[2] = static_cast<uint32_t>(low);
        return 3;
      }
    } else if (low >= UINT32_MAX) {
      array[0] = static_cast<uint32_t>(low >> 32);
      array[1] = static_cast<uint32_t>(low);
      return 2;
    } else if (low == 0) {
      return 0;
    } else {
      array[0] = static_cast<uint32_t>(low);
      return 1;
    }
  }


  /**
   * Find last set bit in a 32 bit integer. Bit 1 is the LSB and bit 32 is
   * the MSB. We can replace this with bsrq asm instruction on x64.
   */
  int64_t fls(uint32_t x) {
    int64_t bitpos = 0;
    while (x) {
      x >>= 1;
      bitpos += 1;
    }
    return bitpos;
  }

  /**
   * Shift the number in the array left by bits positions.
   * @param array the number to shift, must have length elements
   * @param length the number of entries in the array
   * @param bits the number of bits to shift (0 <= bits < 32)
   */
  void shiftArrayLeft(uint32_t* array, int64_t length, int64_t bits) {
    if (length > 0 && bits != 0) {
      for(int64_t i=0; i < length-1; ++i) {
        array[i] = (array[i] << bits) | (array[i+1] >> (32 - bits));
      }
      array[length-1] <<= bits;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Shift the number in the array right by bits positions.
   * @param array the number to shift, must have length elements
   * @param length the number of entries in the array
   * @param bits the number of bits to shift (0 <= bits < 32)
   */
  void shiftArrayRight(uint32_t* array, int64_t length, int64_t bits) {
    if (length > 0 && bits != 0) {
      for(int64_t i=length-1; i > 0; --i) {
        array[i] = (array[i] >> bits) | (array[i-1] << (32 - bits));
      }
      array[0] >>= bits;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Fix the signs of the result and remainder at the end of the division
   * based on the signs of the dividend and divisor.
   */
  void fixDivisionSigns(Int128 &result, Int128 &remainder,
                        bool dividendWasNegative, bool divisorWasNegative) {
    if (dividendWasNegative != divisorWasNegative) {
      result.negate();
    }
    if (dividendWasNegative) {
      remainder.negate();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Build a Int128 from a list of ints.
   */
  void buildFromArray(Int128& value, uint32_t* array, int64_t length) {
    switch (length) {
    case 0:
      value = 0;
      break;
    case 1:
      value = array[0];
      break;
    case 2:
      value = Int128(0, (static_cast<uint64_t>(array[0]) << 32) + array[1]);
      break;
    case 3:
      value = Int128(array[0],
                     (static_cast<uint64_t>(array[1]) << 32) + array[2]);
      break;
    case 4:
      value = Int128((static_cast<int64_t>(array[0]) << 32) + array[1],
                     (static_cast<uint64_t>(array[2]) << 32) + array[3]);
      break;
    case 5:
      if (array[0] != 0) {
        throw std::logic_error("Can't build Int128 with 5 ints.");
      }
      value = Int128((static_cast<int64_t>(array[1]) << 32) + array[2],
                     (static_cast<uint64_t>(array[3]) << 32) + array[4]);
      break;
    default:
      throw std::logic_error("Unsupported length for building Int128");
    }
  }

  /**
   * Do a division where the divisor fits into a single 32 bit value.
   */
  Int128 singleDivide(uint32_t* dividend, int64_t dividendLength,
                      uint32_t divisor, Int128& remainder,
                      bool dividendWasNegative, bool divisorWasNegative) {
    uint64_t r = 0;
    uint32_t resultArray[5];
    for(int64_t j=0; j < dividendLength; j++) {
      r <<= 32;
      r += dividend[j];
      resultArray[j] = static_cast<uint32_t>(r / divisor);
      r %= divisor;
    }
    Int128 result;
    buildFromArray(result, resultArray, dividendLength);
    remainder = static_cast<int64_t>(r);
    fixDivisionSigns(result, remainder, dividendWasNegative,
                     divisorWasNegative);
    return result;
  }

  Int128 Int128::divide(const Int128 &divisor, Int128 &remainder) const {
    // Split the dividend and divisor into integer pieces so that we can
    // work on them.
    uint32_t dividendArray[5];
    uint32_t divisorArray[4];
    bool dividendWasNegative;
    bool divisorWasNegative;
    // leave an extra zero before the dividend
    dividendArray[0] = 0;
    int64_t dividendLength = fillInArray(dividendArray + 1, dividendWasNegative)+1;
    int64_t divisorLength = divisor.fillInArray(divisorArray, divisorWasNegative);

    // Handle some of the easy cases.
    if (dividendLength <= divisorLength) {
      remainder = *this;
      return 0;
    } else if (divisorLength == 0) {
      throw std::range_error("Division by 0 in Int128");
    } else if (divisorLength == 1) {
      return singleDivide(dividendArray, dividendLength, divisorArray[0],
                          remainder, dividendWasNegative, divisorWasNegative);
    }

    int64_t resultLength = dividendLength - divisorLength;
    uint32_t resultArray[4];

    // Normalize by shifting both by a multiple of 2 so that
    // the digit guessing is better. The requirement is that
    // divisorArray[0] is greater than 2**31.
    int64_t normalizeBits = 32 - fls(divisorArray[0]);
    shiftArrayLeft(divisorArray, divisorLength, normalizeBits);
    shiftArrayLeft(dividendArray, dividendLength, normalizeBits);

    // compute each digit in the result
    for(int64_t j=0; j < resultLength; ++j) {
      // Guess the next digit. At worst it is two too large
      uint32_t guess = UINT32_MAX;
      uint64_t highDividend = static_cast<uint64_t>(dividendArray[j]) << 32 |
        dividendArray[j+1];
      if (dividendArray[j] != divisorArray[0]) {
        guess = static_cast<uint32_t>(highDividend / divisorArray[0]);
      }

      // catch all of the cases where guess is two too large and most of the
      // cases where it is one too large
      uint32_t rhat =
        static_cast<uint32_t>(highDividend - guess *
                              static_cast<uint64_t>(divisorArray[0]));
      while (static_cast<uint64_t>(divisorArray[1]) * guess >
             (static_cast<uint64_t>(rhat) << 32) + dividendArray[j+2]) {
        guess -= 1;
        rhat += divisorArray[0];
        if (static_cast<uint64_t>(rhat) < divisorArray[0]) {
          break;
        }
      }

      // subtract off the guess * divisor from the dividend
      uint64_t mult = 0;
      for(int64_t i=divisorLength-1; i >= 0; --i) {
        mult += static_cast<uint64_t>(guess) * divisorArray[i];
        uint32_t prev = dividendArray[j+i+1];
        dividendArray[j+i+1] -= static_cast<uint32_t>(mult);
        mult >>= 32;
        if (dividendArray[j+i+1] > prev) {
          mult += 1;
        }
      }
      uint32_t prev = dividendArray[j];
      dividendArray[j] -= static_cast<uint32_t>(mult);

      // if guess was too big, we add back divisor
      if (dividendArray[j] > prev) {
        guess -= 1;
        uint32_t carry = 0;
        for(int64_t i=divisorLength-1; i >= 0; --i) {
          uint64_t sum = static_cast<uint64_t>(divisorArray[i]) +
            dividendArray[j+i+1] + carry;
          dividendArray[j+i+1] = static_cast<uint32_t>(sum);
          carry = static_cast<uint32_t>(sum >> 32);
        }
        dividendArray[j] += carry;
      }

      resultArray[j] = guess;
    }

    // denormalize the remainder
    shiftArrayRight(dividendArray, dividendLength, normalizeBits);

    // return result and remainder
    Int128 result;
    buildFromArray(result, resultArray, resultLength);
    buildFromArray(remainder, dividendArray, dividendLength);
    fixDivisionSigns(result, remainder,
                     dividendWasNegative, divisorWasNegative);
    return result;
  }

  std::string Int128::toString() const {
    // 10**18 - the largest power of 10 less than 63 bits
    const Int128 tenTo18(0xde0b6b3a7640000);
    // 10**36
    const Int128 tenTo36(0xc097ce7bc90715, 0xb34b9f1000000000);
    Int128 remainder;
    std::stringstream buf;
    bool needFill = false;

    // get anything above 10**36 and print it
    Int128 top = divide(tenTo36, remainder);
    if (top != 0) {
      buf << top.toLong();
      remainder.abs();
      needFill = true;
    }

    // now get anything above 10**18 and print it
    Int128 tail;
    top = remainder.divide(tenTo18, tail);
    if (needFill || top != 0) {
      if (needFill) {
        buf << std::setw(18) << std::setfill('0');
      } else {
        needFill = true;
        tail.abs();
      }
      buf << top.toLong();
    }

    // finally print the tail, which is less than 10**18
    if (needFill) {
      buf << std::setw(18) << std::setfill('0');
    }
    buf << tail.toLong();
    return buf.str();
  }

  std::string Int128::toDecimalString(int32_t scale) const {
    std::string str = toString();
    if (scale == 0) {
      return str;
    } else if (*this < 0) {
      int32_t len = static_cast<int32_t>(str.length());
      if (len - 1 > scale) {
        return str.substr(0, static_cast<size_t>(len - scale)) + "." +
          str.substr(static_cast<size_t>(len - scale),
                     static_cast<size_t>(scale));
      } else if (len - 1 == scale) {
        return "-0." + str.substr(1, std::string::npos);
      } else {
        std::string result = "-0.";
        for(int32_t i=0; i < scale - len + 1; ++i) {
          result += "0";
        }
        return result + str.substr(1, std::string::npos);
      }
    } else {
      int32_t len = static_cast<int32_t>(str.length());
      if (len > scale) {
        return str.substr(0, static_cast<size_t>(len - scale)) + "." +
          str.substr(static_cast<size_t>(len - scale),
                     static_cast<size_t>(scale));
      } else if (len == scale) {
        return "0." + str;
      } else {
        std::string result = "0.";
        for(int32_t i=0; i < scale - len; ++i) {
          result += "0";
        }
        return result + str;
      }
    }
  }

  std::string Int128::toHexString() const {
    std::stringstream buf;
    buf << std::hex << "0x"
        << std::setw(16) << std::setfill('0') << highbits
        << std::setw(16) << std::setfill('0') << lowbits;
    return buf.str();
  }

  const static int32_t MAX_PRECISION_64 = 18;
  const static int64_t POWERS_OF_TEN[MAX_PRECISION_64 + 1] =
    {1,
     10,
     100,
     1000,
     10000,
     100000,
     1000000,
     10000000,
     100000000,
     1000000000,
     10000000000,
     100000000000,
     1000000000000,
     10000000000000,
     100000000000000,
     1000000000000000,
     10000000000000000,
     100000000000000000,
     1000000000000000000};

  Int128 scaleUpInt128ByPowerOfTen(Int128 value,
                                   int32_t power,
                                   bool &overflow) {
    overflow = false;
    Int128 remainder;

    while (power > 0) {
      int32_t step = std::min(power, MAX_PRECISION_64);
      if (value > 0 && Int128::maximumValue().divide(POWERS_OF_TEN[step], remainder) < value) {
        overflow = true;
        return Int128::maximumValue();
      } else if (value < 0 && Int128::minimumValue().divide(POWERS_OF_TEN[step], remainder) > value) {
        overflow = true;
        return Int128::minimumValue();
      }

      value *= POWERS_OF_TEN[step];
      power -= step;
    }

    return value;
  }

  Int128 scaleDownInt128ByPowerOfTen(Int128 value, int32_t power) {
    Int128 remainder;
    while (power > 0) {
      int32_t step = std::min(std::abs(power), MAX_PRECISION_64);
      value = value.divide(POWERS_OF_TEN[step], remainder);
      power -= step;
    }
    return value;
  }

}