Restoring authorship annotation for <somov@yandex-team.ru>. Commit 1 of 2.

4 files changed, 211 insertions, 211 deletions

diff --git a/library/cpp/http/server/http.cpp b/library/cpp/http/server/http.cpp
index 128583bdd7..fbd127a652 100644
--- a/library/cpp/http/server/http.cpp
+++ b/library/cpp/http/server/http.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#include "http.h"
+#include "http.h" 
 #include "http_ex.h"
 
 #include <library/cpp/threading/equeue/equeue.h>
@@ -7,25 +7,25 @@
 #include <util/generic/cast.h>
 #include <util/generic/intrlist.h>
 #include <util/generic/yexception.h>
-#include <util/network/address.h>
+#include <util/network/address.h> 
 #include <util/network/socket.h>
-#include <util/network/poller.h>
-#include <util/system/atomic.h>
-#include <util/system/compat.h> // stricmp, strnicmp, strlwr, strupr, stpcpy
-#include <util/system/defaults.h>
-#include <util/system/event.h>
-#include <util/system/mutex.h>
+#include <util/network/poller.h> 
+#include <util/system/atomic.h> 
+#include <util/system/compat.h> // stricmp, strnicmp, strlwr, strupr, stpcpy 
+#include <util/system/defaults.h> 
+#include <util/system/event.h> 
+#include <util/system/mutex.h> 
 #include <util/system/pipe.h>
-#include <util/system/thread.h>
+#include <util/system/thread.h> 
 #include <util/thread/factory.h>
 
-#include <cerrno>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <ctime>
-
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <cerrno> 
+#include <cstring> 
+#include <ctime> 
 
+#include <sys/stat.h> 
+#include <sys/types.h> 
+ 
 using namespace NAddr;
 
 namespace {
@@ -51,18 +51,18 @@ namespace {
 }
 
 class TClientConnection: public IPollAble, public TIntrusiveListItem<TClientConnection> {
-public:
+public: 
     TClientConnection(const TSocket& s, THttpServer::TImpl* serv, NAddr::IRemoteAddrRef listenerSockAddrRef);
     ~TClientConnection() override;
 
     void OnPollEvent(TInstant now) override;
 
     inline void Activate(TInstant now) noexcept;
-    inline void DeActivate();
+    inline void DeActivate(); 
     inline void Reject();
 
-public:
-    TSocket Socket_;
+public: 
+    TSocket Socket_; 
     NAddr::IRemoteAddrRef ListenerSockAddrRef_;
     THttpServer::TImpl* HttpServ_ = nullptr;
     bool Reject_ = false;
@@ -72,70 +72,70 @@ public:
 };
 
 class THttpServer::TImpl {
-public:
-    class TConnections {
+public: 
+    class TConnections { 
     public:
         inline TConnections(TSocketPoller* poller, const THttpServerOptions& options)
-            : Poller_(poller)
+            : Poller_(poller) 
             , Options(options)
-        {
-        }
+        { 
+        } 
 
         inline ~TConnections() {
-        }
+        } 
 
         inline void Add(TClientConnection* c) noexcept {
-            TGuard<TMutex> g(Mutex_);
+            TGuard<TMutex> g(Mutex_); 
 
-            Conns_.PushBack(c);
-            Poller_->WaitRead(c->Socket_, (void*)static_cast<const IPollAble*>(c));
-        }
+            Conns_.PushBack(c); 
+            Poller_->WaitRead(c->Socket_, (void*)static_cast<const IPollAble*>(c)); 
+        } 
 
         inline void Erase(TClientConnection* c, TInstant now) noexcept {
-            TGuard<TMutex> g(Mutex_);
+            TGuard<TMutex> g(Mutex_); 
             EraseUnsafe(c);
             if (Options.ExpirationTimeout > TDuration::Zero()) {
                 TryRemovingUnsafe(now - Options.ExpirationTimeout);
             }
-        }
+        } 
 
         inline void Clear() noexcept {
-            TGuard<TMutex> g(Mutex_);
+            TGuard<TMutex> g(Mutex_); 
 
-            Conns_.Clear();
-        }
+            Conns_.Clear(); 
+        } 
 
         inline bool RemoveOld(TInstant border) noexcept {
-            TGuard<TMutex> g(Mutex_);
+            TGuard<TMutex> g(Mutex_); 
             return TryRemovingUnsafe(border);
         }
 
         bool TryRemovingUnsafe(TInstant border) noexcept {
-            if (Conns_.Empty()) {
+            if (Conns_.Empty()) { 
                 return false;
-            }
-            TClientConnection* c = &*(Conns_.Begin());
+            } 
+            TClientConnection* c = &*(Conns_.Begin()); 
             if (c->LastUsed > border) {
                 return false;
             }
             EraseUnsafe(c);
-            delete c;
+            delete c; 
             return true;
-        }
+        } 
 
         void EraseUnsafe(TClientConnection* c) noexcept {
             Poller_->Unwait(c->Socket_);
             c->Unlink();
         }
 
-    public:
-        TMutex Mutex_;
-        TIntrusiveListWithAutoDelete<TClientConnection, TDelete> Conns_;
+    public: 
+        TMutex Mutex_; 
+        TIntrusiveListWithAutoDelete<TClientConnection, TDelete> Conns_; 
         TSocketPoller* Poller_ = nullptr;
         const THttpServerOptions& Options;
-    };
+    }; 
 
-    static void* ListenSocketFunction(void* param) {
+    static void* ListenSocketFunction(void* param) { 
         try {
             ((TImpl*)param)->ListenSocket();
         } catch (...) {
@@ -143,19 +143,19 @@ public:
         }
 
         return nullptr;
-    }
+    } 
 
-    TAutoPtr<TClientRequest> CreateRequest(TAutoPtr<TClientConnection> c) {
-        THolder<TClientRequest> obj(Cb_->CreateClient());
+    TAutoPtr<TClientRequest> CreateRequest(TAutoPtr<TClientConnection> c) { 
+        THolder<TClientRequest> obj(Cb_->CreateClient()); 
 
-        obj->Conn_.Reset(c.Release());
-
-        return obj;
-    }
+        obj->Conn_.Reset(c.Release()); 
 
+        return obj; 
+    } 
+ 
     void AddRequestFromSocket(const TSocket& s, TInstant now, NAddr::IRemoteAddrRef listenerSockAddrRef) {
         if (MaxRequestsReached()) {
-            Cb_->OnMaxConn();
+            Cb_->OnMaxConn(); 
             bool wasRemoved = Connections->RemoveOld(TInstant::Max());
             if (!wasRemoved && Options_.RejectExcessConnections) {
                 (new TClientConnection(s, this, listenerSockAddrRef))->Reject();
@@ -166,27 +166,27 @@ public:
         auto connection = new TClientConnection(s, this, listenerSockAddrRef);
         connection->LastUsed = now;
         connection->DeActivate();
-    }
+    } 
 
-    void SaveErrorCode() {
+    void SaveErrorCode() { 
         ErrorCode = WSAGetLastError();
-    }
+    } 
 
     int GetErrorCode() const {
         return ErrorCode;
-    }
+    } 
 
     const char* GetError() const {
         return LastSystemErrorText(ErrorCode);
-    }
+    } 
 
-    bool Start() {
-        Poller.Reset(new TSocketPoller());
+    bool Start() { 
+        Poller.Reset(new TSocketPoller()); 
         Connections.Reset(new TConnections(Poller.Get(), Options_));
-
+ 
         // Start the listener thread
-        ListenerRunningOK = false;
-
+        ListenerRunningOK = false; 
+ 
         // throws on error
         TPipeHandle::Pipe(ListenWakeupReadFd, ListenWakeupWriteFd);
 
@@ -195,31 +195,31 @@ public:
 
         Poller->WaitRead(ListenWakeupReadFd, &WakeupPollAble);
 
-        ListenStartEvent.Reset();
-        try {
+        ListenStartEvent.Reset(); 
+        try { 
             ListenThread.Reset(new TThread(ListenSocketFunction, this));
             ListenThread->Start();
-        } catch (const yexception&) {
-            SaveErrorCode();
-            return false;
+        } catch (const yexception&) { 
+            SaveErrorCode(); 
+            return false; 
         }
 
         // Wait until the thread has completely started and return the success indicator
-        ListenStartEvent.Wait();
+        ListenStartEvent.Wait(); 
 
-        return ListenerRunningOK;
-    }
+        return ListenerRunningOK; 
+    } 
 
-    void Wait() {
-        Cb_->OnWait();
+    void Wait() { 
+        Cb_->OnWait(); 
         TGuard<TMutex> g(StopMutex);
         if (ListenThread) {
             ListenThread->Join();
             ListenThread.Reset(nullptr);
         }
-    }
+    } 
 
-    void Stop() {
+    void Stop() { 
         Shutdown();
 
         TGuard<TMutex> g(StopMutex);
@@ -228,19 +228,19 @@ public:
             ListenThread.Reset(nullptr);
         }
 
-        while (ConnectionCount) {
-            usleep(10000);
-            Connections->Clear();
+        while (ConnectionCount) { 
+            usleep(10000); 
+            Connections->Clear(); 
         }
 
-        Connections.Destroy();
-        Poller.Destroy();
-    }
+        Connections.Destroy(); 
+        Poller.Destroy(); 
+    } 
 
-    void Shutdown() {
+    void Shutdown() { 
         ListenWakeupWriteFd.Write("", 1);
         // ignore result
-    }
+    } 
 
     void AddRequest(TAutoPtr<TClientRequest> req, bool fail) {
         struct TFailRequest: public THttpClientRequestEx {
@@ -257,20 +257,20 @@ public:
                 ProcessFailRequest(0);
                 return true;
             }
-        };
+        }; 
 
         if (!fail && Requests->Add(req.Get())) {
             Y_UNUSED(req.Release());
-        } else {
-            req = new TFailRequest(req);
+        } else { 
+            req = new TFailRequest(req); 
 
-            if (FailRequests->Add(req.Get())) {
+            if (FailRequests->Add(req.Get())) { 
                 Y_UNUSED(req.Release());
             } else {
-                Cb_->OnFailRequest(-1);
+                Cb_->OnFailRequest(-1); 
             }
         }
-    }
+    } 
 
     size_t GetRequestQueueSize() const {
         return Requests->Size();
@@ -305,8 +305,8 @@ public:
 
             if (s == INVALID_SOCKET) {
                 ythrow yexception() << "accept: " << LastSystemErrorText();
-            }
-
+            } 
+ 
             Server_->AddRequestFromSocket(s, TInstant::Now(), SockAddrRef_);
         }
 
@@ -318,13 +318,13 @@ public:
         TSocket S_;
         TImpl* Server_ = nullptr;
         NAddr::IRemoteAddrRef SockAddrRef_;
-    };
+    }; 
 
-    void ListenSocket() {
+    void ListenSocket() { 
         TThread::SetCurrentThreadName(Options_.ListenThreadName.c_str());
 
         ErrorCode = 0;
-        TIntrusiveListWithAutoDelete<TListenSocket, TDelete> Reqs;
+        TIntrusiveListWithAutoDelete<TListenSocket, TDelete> Reqs; 
 
         std::function<void(TSocket)> callback = [&](TSocket socket) {
             THolder<TListenSocket> ls(new TListenSocket(socket, this));
@@ -337,65 +337,65 @@ public:
             ListenStartEvent.Signal();
 
             return;
-        }
+        } 
 
-        Requests->Start(Options_.nThreads, Options_.MaxQueueSize);
-        FailRequests->Start(Options_.nFThreads, Options_.MaxFQueueSize);
-        Cb_->OnListenStart();
-        ListenerRunningOK = true;
-        ListenStartEvent.Signal();
+        Requests->Start(Options_.nThreads, Options_.MaxQueueSize); 
+        FailRequests->Start(Options_.nFThreads, Options_.MaxFQueueSize); 
+        Cb_->OnListenStart(); 
+        ListenerRunningOK = true; 
+        ListenStartEvent.Signal(); 
 
         TVector<void*> events;
-        events.resize(1);
+        events.resize(1); 
 
         TInstant now = TInstant::Now();
         for (;;) {
-            try {
+            try { 
                 const TInstant deadline = Options_.PollTimeout == TDuration::Zero() ? TInstant::Max() : now + Options_.PollTimeout;
                 const size_t ret = Poller->WaitD(events.data(), events.size(), deadline);
 
                 now = TInstant::Now();
-                for (size_t i = 0; i < ret; ++i) {
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < ret; ++i) { 
                     ((IPollAble*)events[i])->OnPollEvent(now);
-                }
+                } 
 
                 if (ret == 0 && Options_.ExpirationTimeout > TDuration::Zero()) {
                     Connections->RemoveOld(now - Options_.ExpirationTimeout);
                 }
 
                 // When MaxConnections is limited or ExpirationTimeout is set, OnPollEvent can call
-                // RemoveOld and destroy other IPollAble* objects in the
-                // poller. Thus in this case we can safely process only one
-                // event from the poller at a time.
+                // RemoveOld and destroy other IPollAble* objects in the 
+                // poller. Thus in this case we can safely process only one 
+                // event from the poller at a time. 
                 if (!Options_.MaxConnections && Options_.ExpirationTimeout == TDuration::Zero()) {
                     if (ret >= events.size()) {
-                        events.resize(ret * 2);
+                        events.resize(ret * 2); 
                     }
                 }
             } catch (const TShouldStop&) {
                 break;
-            } catch (...) {
-                Cb_->OnException();
+            } catch (...) { 
+                Cb_->OnException(); 
             }
         }
 
-        while (!Reqs.Empty()) {
-            THolder<TListenSocket> ls(Reqs.PopFront());
+        while (!Reqs.Empty()) { 
+            THolder<TListenSocket> ls(Reqs.PopFront()); 
 
-            Poller->Unwait(ls->GetSocket());
+            Poller->Unwait(ls->GetSocket()); 
         }
 
-        Requests->Stop();
-        FailRequests->Stop();
-        Cb_->OnListenStop();
-    }
+        Requests->Stop(); 
+        FailRequests->Stop(); 
+        Cb_->OnListenStop(); 
+    } 
 
-    void RestartRequestThreads(ui32 nTh, ui32 maxQS) {
-        Requests->Stop();
-        Options_.nThreads = nTh;
-        Options_.MaxQueueSize = maxQS;
-        Requests->Start(Options_.nThreads, Options_.MaxQueueSize);
-    }
+    void RestartRequestThreads(ui32 nTh, ui32 maxQS) { 
+        Requests->Stop(); 
+        Options_.nThreads = nTh; 
+        Options_.MaxQueueSize = maxQS; 
+        Requests->Start(Options_.nThreads, Options_.MaxQueueSize); 
+    } 
 
     TImpl(THttpServer* parent, ICallBack* cb, TMtpQueueRef mainWorkers, TMtpQueueRef failWorkers, const TOptions& options_)
         : Requests(mainWorkers)
@@ -415,29 +415,29 @@ public:
               options) {
     }
 
-    ~TImpl() {
-        try {
-            Stop();
-        } catch (...) {
+    ~TImpl() { 
+        try { 
+            Stop(); 
+        } catch (...) { 
         }
-    }
+    } 
 
     inline const TOptions& Options() const noexcept {
-        return Options_;
-    }
+        return Options_; 
+    } 
 
     inline void DecreaseConnections() noexcept {
-        AtomicDecrement(ConnectionCount);
-    }
+        AtomicDecrement(ConnectionCount); 
+    } 
 
     inline void IncreaseConnections() noexcept {
-        AtomicIncrement(ConnectionCount);
-    }
-
-    inline i64 GetClientCount() const {
-        return AtomicGet(ConnectionCount);
-    }
-
+        AtomicIncrement(ConnectionCount); 
+    } 
+ 
+    inline i64 GetClientCount() const { 
+        return AtomicGet(ConnectionCount); 
+    } 
+ 
     inline bool MaxRequestsReached() const {
         return Options_.MaxConnections && ((size_t)GetClientCount() >= Options_.MaxConnections);
     }
@@ -449,11 +449,11 @@ public:
     TMtpQueueRef Requests;
     TMtpQueueRef FailRequests;
     TAtomic ConnectionCount = 0;
-    THolder<TSocketPoller> Poller;
-    THolder<TConnections> Connections;
+    THolder<TSocketPoller> Poller; 
+    THolder<TConnections> Connections; 
     bool ListenerRunningOK = false;
     int ErrorCode = 0;
-    TOptions Options_;
+    TOptions Options_; 
     ICallBack* Cb_ = nullptr;
     THttpServer* Parent_ = nullptr;
     TWakeupPollAble WakeupPollAble;
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ TClientConnection::~TClientConnection() {
 }
 
 void TClientConnection::OnPollEvent(TInstant now) {
-    THolder<TClientConnection> this_(this);
+    THolder<TClientConnection> this_(this); 
     Activate(now);
 
     {
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ void TClientConnection::OnPollEvent(TInstant now) {
         }
     }
 
-    THolder<TClientRequest> obj(HttpServ_->CreateRequest(this_));
+    THolder<TClientRequest> obj(HttpServ_->CreateRequest(this_)); 
     AcceptMoment = now;
 
     HttpServ_->AddRequest(obj, Reject_);
@@ -601,7 +601,7 @@ void TClientConnection::Activate(TInstant now) noexcept {
 }
 
 void TClientConnection::DeActivate() {
-    HttpServ_->Connections->Add(this);
+    HttpServ_->Connections->Add(this); 
 }
 
 void TClientConnection::Reject() {
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ void TClientRequest::ResetConnection() {
 }
 
 void TClientRequest::Process(void* ThreadSpecificResource) {
-    THolder<TClientRequest> this_(this);
+    THolder<TClientRequest> this_(this); 
 
     auto* serverImpl = Conn_->HttpServ_;
 
diff --git a/library/cpp/http/server/http.h b/library/cpp/http/server/http.h
index b292d38f27..d0bc92ff7d 100644
--- a/library/cpp/http/server/http.h
+++ b/library/cpp/http/server/http.h
@@ -15,75 +15,75 @@ class TClientRequest;
 class TClientConnection;
 
 class THttpServer {
-    friend class TClientRequest;
-    friend class TClientConnection;
+    friend class TClientRequest; 
+    friend class TClientConnection; 
 
-public:
-    class ICallBack {
+public: 
+    class ICallBack { 
     public:
-        struct TFailLogData {
-            int failstate;
+        struct TFailLogData { 
+            int failstate; 
             TString url;
-        };
+        }; 
 
-        virtual ~ICallBack() {
-        }
+        virtual ~ICallBack() { 
+        } 
 
-        virtual void OnFailRequest(int /*failstate*/) {
-        }
+        virtual void OnFailRequest(int /*failstate*/) { 
+        } 
 
-        virtual void OnFailRequestEx(const TFailLogData& d) {
-            OnFailRequest(d.failstate);
-        }
+        virtual void OnFailRequestEx(const TFailLogData& d) { 
+            OnFailRequest(d.failstate); 
+        } 
 
-        virtual void OnException() {
-        }
+        virtual void OnException() { 
+        } 
 
-        virtual void OnMaxConn() {
-        }
+        virtual void OnMaxConn() { 
+        } 
 
-        virtual TClientRequest* CreateClient() = 0;
+        virtual TClientRequest* CreateClient() = 0; 
 
-        virtual void OnListenStart() {
-        }
+        virtual void OnListenStart() { 
+        } 
 
-        virtual void OnListenStop() {
-        }
+        virtual void OnListenStop() { 
+        } 
 
-        virtual void OnWait() {
-        }
+        virtual void OnWait() { 
+        } 
 
         virtual void* CreateThreadSpecificResource() {
             return nullptr;
-        }
+        } 
 
-        virtual void DestroyThreadSpecificResource(void*) {
-        }
-    };
+        virtual void DestroyThreadSpecificResource(void*) { 
+        } 
+    }; 
 
-    typedef THttpServerOptions TOptions;
+    typedef THttpServerOptions TOptions; 
     typedef TSimpleSharedPtr<IThreadPool> TMtpQueueRef;
 
     THttpServer(ICallBack* cb, const TOptions& options = TOptions(), IThreadFactory* pool = nullptr);
     THttpServer(ICallBack* cb, TMtpQueueRef mainWorkers, TMtpQueueRef failWorkers, const TOptions& options = TOptions());
-    virtual ~THttpServer();
+    virtual ~THttpServer(); 
 
-    bool Start();
+    bool Start(); 
 
-    // shutdown a.s.a.p.
-    void Stop();
+    // shutdown a.s.a.p. 
+    void Stop(); 
 
     // graceful shutdown with serving all already open connections
-    void Shutdown();
+    void Shutdown(); 
 
-    void Wait();
-    int GetErrorCode();
-    const char* GetError();
-    void RestartRequestThreads(ui32 nTh, ui32 maxQS);
+    void Wait(); 
+    int GetErrorCode(); 
+    const char* GetError(); 
+    void RestartRequestThreads(ui32 nTh, ui32 maxQS); 
     const TOptions& Options() const noexcept;
-    i64 GetClientCount() const;
+    i64 GetClientCount() const; 
 
-    class TImpl;
+    class TImpl; 
     size_t GetRequestQueueSize() const;
     size_t GetFailQueueSize() const;
 
@@ -92,30 +92,30 @@ public:
 
     static TAtomicBase AcceptReturnsInvalidSocketCounter();
 
-private:
+private: 
     bool MaxRequestsReached() const;
 
 private:
-    THolder<TImpl> Impl_;
+    THolder<TImpl> Impl_; 
 };
 
 /**
  * @deprecated Use TRequestReplier instead
  */
 class TClientRequest: public IObjectInQueue {
-    friend class THttpServer::TImpl;
+    friend class THttpServer::TImpl; 
 
-public:
-    TClientRequest();
+public: 
+    TClientRequest(); 
     ~TClientRequest() override;
 
     inline THttpInput& Input() noexcept {
-        return *HttpConn_->Input();
-    }
+        return *HttpConn_->Input(); 
+    } 
 
     inline THttpOutput& Output() noexcept {
-        return *HttpConn_->Output();
-    }
+        return *HttpConn_->Output(); 
+    } 
 
     THttpServer* HttpServ() const noexcept;
     const TSocket& Socket() const noexcept;
@@ -123,29 +123,29 @@ public:
     TInstant AcceptMoment() const noexcept;
 
     bool IsLocal() const;
-    bool CheckLoopback();
-    void ProcessFailRequest(int failstate);
+    bool CheckLoopback(); 
+    void ProcessFailRequest(int failstate); 
 
     void ReleaseConnection();
 
     void ResetConnection();
 
-private:
-    /*
-     * Processes the request after 'connection' been created and 'Headers' been read
-     * Returns 'false' if the processing must be continued by the next handler,
-     * 'true' otherwise ('this' will be deleted)
-     */
-    virtual bool Reply(void* ThreadSpecificResource);
+private: 
+    /* 
+     * Processes the request after 'connection' been created and 'Headers' been read 
+     * Returns 'false' if the processing must be continued by the next handler, 
+     * 'true' otherwise ('this' will be deleted) 
+     */ 
+    virtual bool Reply(void* ThreadSpecificResource); 
     void Process(void* ThreadSpecificResource) override;
 
-public:
+public: 
     TVector<std::pair<TString, TString>> ParsedHeaders;
     TString RequestString;
 
-private:
-    THolder<TClientConnection> Conn_;
-    THolder<THttpServerConn> HttpConn_;
+private: 
+    THolder<TClientConnection> Conn_; 
+    THolder<THttpServerConn> HttpConn_; 
 };
 
 class TRequestReplier: public TClientRequest {
diff --git a/library/cpp/http/server/http_ut.cpp b/library/cpp/http/server/http_ut.cpp
index cc62bb988e..5f21fc935c 100644
--- a/library/cpp/http/server/http_ut.cpp
+++ b/library/cpp/http/server/http_ut.cpp
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ Y_UNIT_TEST_SUITE(THttpServerTest) {
         THttpServer server(&serverImpl, THttpServer::TOptions(port).EnableKeepAlive(true).EnableCompression(true));
 
         for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
-            UNIT_ASSERT(server.Start());
+            UNIT_ASSERT(server.Start()); 
 
             TTestRequest r(port);
             r.Content = res;
diff --git a/library/cpp/http/server/ut/ya.make b/library/cpp/http/server/ut/ya.make
index bcb4d4c0b8..47a208e867 100644
--- a/library/cpp/http/server/ut/ya.make
+++ b/library/cpp/http/server/ut/ya.make
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 UNITTEST_FOR(library/cpp/http/server)
 
-OWNER(pg)
+OWNER(pg) 
 
 SIZE(MEDIUM)