Restoring authorship annotation for Andrey Khalyavin <halyavin@gmail.com>. Commit 1 of 2.

1 files changed, 6569 insertions, 6569 deletions

diff --git a/contrib/libs/cxxsupp/libcxx/src/locale.cpp b/contrib/libs/cxxsupp/libcxx/src/locale.cpp
index 42b5641b43..aa3a580ea4 100644
--- a/contrib/libs/cxxsupp/libcxx/src/locale.cpp
+++ b/contrib/libs/cxxsupp/libcxx/src/locale.cpp
@@ -1,6573 +1,6573 @@
-//===------------------------- locale.cpp ---------------------------------===//
-//
+//===------------------------- locale.cpp ---------------------------------===// 
+// 
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
-//
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
-
-// On Solaris, we need to define something to make the C99 parts of localeconv
-// visible.
-#ifdef __sun__
-#define _LCONV_C99
-#endif
-
-#include "clocale"
-#include "codecvt"
-#include "cstdio"
-#include "cstdlib"
-#include "cstring"
-#include "locale"
-#include "string"
-#include "type_traits"
-#include "typeinfo"
-#include "vector"
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-#   include "cwctype"
-#endif
-
-#if defined(_AIX)
-#   include <sys/localedef.h> // for __lc_ctype_ptr
-#endif
-
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT)
-#    define _CTYPE_DISABLE_MACROS
-#endif
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__)
-#    include "__support/win32/locale_win32.h"
-#elif !defined(__BIONIC__) && !defined(__NuttX__)
-#    include <langinfo.h>
-#endif
-
-#include "atomic"
-#include "include/sso_allocator.h"
-#include "__undef_macros"
-
-// On Linux, wint_t and wchar_t have different signed-ness, and this causes
-// lots of noise in the build log, but no bugs that I know of.
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
-#endif
-
-_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
-
-struct __libcpp_unique_locale {
-  __libcpp_unique_locale(const char* nm) : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0)) {}
-
-  ~__libcpp_unique_locale() {
-    if (__loc_)
-      freelocale(__loc_);
-  }
-
-  explicit operator bool() const { return __loc_; }
-
-  locale_t& get() { return __loc_; }
-
-  locale_t __loc_;
-private:
-  __libcpp_unique_locale(__libcpp_unique_locale const&);
-  __libcpp_unique_locale& operator=(__libcpp_unique_locale const&);
-};
-
-#ifdef __cloc_defined
-locale_t __cloc() {
-  // In theory this could create a race condition. In practice
-  // the race condition is non-fatal since it will just create
-  // a little resource leak. Better approach would be appreciated.
-  static locale_t result = newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, "C", 0);
-  return result;
-}
-#endif // __cloc_defined
-
-namespace {
-
-struct release
-{
-    void operator()(locale::facet* p) {p->__release_shared();}
-};
-
-template <class T, class ...Args>
-T& make(Args ...args)
-{
-    static typename aligned_storage<sizeof(T)>::type buf;
-    auto *obj = ::new (&buf) T(args...);
-    return *obj;
-}
-
-template <typename T, size_t N>
-inline
-_LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR
-size_t
-countof(const T (&)[N])
-{
-    return N;
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-inline
-_LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR
-size_t
-countof(const T * const begin, const T * const end)
-{
-    return static_cast<size_t>(end - begin);
-}
-
-_LIBCPP_NORETURN static void __throw_runtime_error(const string &msg)
-{
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
-    throw runtime_error(msg);
-#else
-    (void)msg;
-    _VSTD::abort();
-#endif
-}
-
-}
-
-#if defined(_AIX)
-// Set priority to INT_MIN + 256 + 150
-# pragma priority ( -2147483242 )
-#endif
-
-const locale::category locale::none;
-const locale::category locale::collate;
-const locale::category locale::ctype;
-const locale::category locale::monetary;
-const locale::category locale::numeric;
-const locale::category locale::time;
-const locale::category locale::messages;
-const locale::category locale::all;
-
-class _LIBCPP_HIDDEN locale::__imp
-    : public facet
-{
-    enum {N = 30};
-    vector<facet*, __sso_allocator<facet*, N> > facets_;
-    string         name_;
-public:
-    explicit __imp(size_t refs = 0);
-    explicit __imp(const string& name, size_t refs = 0);
-    __imp(const __imp&);
-    __imp(const __imp&, const string&, locale::category c);
-    __imp(const __imp& other, const __imp& one, locale::category c);
-    __imp(const __imp&, facet* f, long id);
-    ~__imp();
-
-    const string& name() const {return name_;}
-    bool has_facet(long id) const
-        {return static_cast<size_t>(id) < facets_.size() && facets_[static_cast<size_t>(id)];}
-    const locale::facet* use_facet(long id) const;
-
-    static const locale& make_classic();
-    static       locale& make_global();
-private:
-    void install(facet* f, long id);
-    template <class F> void install(F* f) {install(f, f->id.__get());}
-    template <class F> void install_from(const __imp& other);
-};
-
-locale::__imp::__imp(size_t refs)
-    : facet(refs),
-      facets_(N),
-      name_("C")
-{
-    facets_.clear();
-    install(&make<_VSTD::collate<char> >(1u));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-    install(&make<_VSTD::collate<wchar_t> >(1u));
-#endif
-    install(&make<_VSTD::ctype<char> >(nullptr, false, 1u));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-    install(&make<_VSTD::ctype<wchar_t> >(1u));
-#endif
-    install(&make<codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> >(1u));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-    install(&make<codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> >(1u));
-#endif
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH
-    install(&make<codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t> >(1u));
-    install(&make<codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t> >(1u));
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T
-    install(&make<codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t> >(1u));
-    install(&make<codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t> >(1u));
-#endif
-    install(&make<numpunct<char> >(1u));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-    install(&make<numpunct<wchar_t> >(1u));
-#endif
-    install(&make<num_get<char> >(1u));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-    install(&make<num_get<wchar_t> >(1u));
-#endif
-    install(&make<num_put<char> >(1u));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-    install(&make<num_put<wchar_t> >(1u));
-#endif
-    install(&make<moneypunct<char, false> >(1u));
-    install(&make<moneypunct<char, true> >(1u));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-    install(&make<moneypunct<wchar_t, false> >(1u));
-    install(&make<moneypunct<wchar_t, true> >(1u));
-#endif
-    install(&make<money_get<char> >(1u));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-    install(&make<money_get<wchar_t> >(1u));
-#endif
-    install(&make<money_put<char> >(1u));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-    install(&make<money_put<wchar_t> >(1u));
-#endif
-    install(&make<time_get<char> >(1u));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-    install(&make<time_get<wchar_t> >(1u));
-#endif
-    install(&make<time_put<char> >(1u));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-    install(&make<time_put<wchar_t> >(1u));
-#endif
-    install(&make<_VSTD::messages<char> >(1u));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-    install(&make<_VSTD::messages<wchar_t> >(1u));
-#endif
-}
-
-locale::__imp::__imp(const string& name, size_t refs)
-    : facet(refs),
-      facets_(N),
-      name_(name)
-{
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
-    try
-    {
-#endif // _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
-        facets_ = locale::classic().__locale_->facets_;
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
-            if (facets_[i])
-                facets_[i]->__add_shared();
-        install(new collate_byname<char>(name_));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-        install(new collate_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
-#endif
-        install(new ctype_byname<char>(name_));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-        install(new ctype_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
-#endif
-        install(new codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>(name_));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-        install(new codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>(name_));
-#endif
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH
-        install(new codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>(name_));
-        install(new codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>(name_));
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T
-        install(new codecvt_byname<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>(name_));
-        install(new codecvt_byname<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>(name_));
-#endif
-        install(new numpunct_byname<char>(name_));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-        install(new numpunct_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
-#endif
-        install(new moneypunct_byname<char, false>(name_));
-        install(new moneypunct_byname<char, true>(name_));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-        install(new moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>(name_));
-        install(new moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>(name_));
-#endif
-        install(new time_get_byname<char>(name_));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-        install(new time_get_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
-#endif
-        install(new time_put_byname<char>(name_));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-        install(new time_put_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
-#endif
-        install(new messages_byname<char>(name_));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-        install(new messages_byname<wchar_t>(name_));
-#endif
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
-    }
-    catch (...)
-    {
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
-            if (facets_[i])
-                facets_[i]->__release_shared();
-        throw;
-    }
-#endif // _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
-}
-
-locale::__imp::__imp(const __imp& other)
-    : facets_(max<size_t>(N, other.facets_.size())),
-      name_(other.name_)
-{
-    facets_ = other.facets_;
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
-        if (facets_[i])
-            facets_[i]->__add_shared();
-}
-
-locale::__imp::__imp(const __imp& other, const string& name, locale::category c)
-    : facets_(N),
-      name_("*")
-{
-    facets_ = other.facets_;
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
-        if (facets_[i])
-            facets_[i]->__add_shared();
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
-    try
-    {
-#endif // _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
-        if (c & locale::collate)
-        {
-            install(new collate_byname<char>(name));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install(new collate_byname<wchar_t>(name));
-#endif
-        }
-        if (c & locale::ctype)
-        {
-            install(new ctype_byname<char>(name));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install(new ctype_byname<wchar_t>(name));
-#endif
-            install(new codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>(name));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install(new codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>(name));
-#endif
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH
-            install(new codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>(name));
-            install(new codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>(name));
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T
-            install(new codecvt_byname<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>(name));
-            install(new codecvt_byname<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>(name));
-#endif
-        }
-        if (c & locale::monetary)
-        {
-            install(new moneypunct_byname<char, false>(name));
-            install(new moneypunct_byname<char, true>(name));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install(new moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>(name));
-            install(new moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>(name));
-#endif
-        }
-        if (c & locale::numeric)
-        {
-            install(new numpunct_byname<char>(name));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install(new numpunct_byname<wchar_t>(name));
-#endif
-        }
-        if (c & locale::time)
-        {
-            install(new time_get_byname<char>(name));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install(new time_get_byname<wchar_t>(name));
-#endif
-            install(new time_put_byname<char>(name));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install(new time_put_byname<wchar_t>(name));
-#endif
-        }
-        if (c & locale::messages)
-        {
-            install(new messages_byname<char>(name));
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install(new messages_byname<wchar_t>(name));
-#endif
-        }
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
-    }
-    catch (...)
-    {
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
-            if (facets_[i])
-                facets_[i]->__release_shared();
-        throw;
-    }
-#endif // _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
-}
-
-template<class F>
-inline
-void
-locale::__imp::install_from(const locale::__imp& one)
-{
-    long id = F::id.__get();
-    install(const_cast<F*>(static_cast<const F*>(one.use_facet(id))), id);
-}
-
-locale::__imp::__imp(const __imp& other, const __imp& one, locale::category c)
-    : facets_(N),
-      name_("*")
-{
-    facets_ = other.facets_;
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
-        if (facets_[i])
-            facets_[i]->__add_shared();
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
-    try
-    {
-#endif // _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
-        if (c & locale::collate)
-        {
-            install_from<_VSTD::collate<char> >(one);
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install_from<_VSTD::collate<wchar_t> >(one);
-#endif
-        }
-        if (c & locale::ctype)
-        {
-            install_from<_VSTD::ctype<char> >(one);
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install_from<_VSTD::ctype<wchar_t> >(one);
-#endif
-            install_from<_VSTD::codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> >(one);
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH
-            install_from<_VSTD::codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t> >(one);
-            install_from<_VSTD::codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t> >(one);
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T
-            install_from<_VSTD::codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t> >(one);
-            install_from<_VSTD::codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t> >(one);
-#endif
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install_from<_VSTD::codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> >(one);
-#endif
-        }
-        if (c & locale::monetary)
-        {
-            install_from<moneypunct<char, false> >(one);
-            install_from<moneypunct<char, true> >(one);
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install_from<moneypunct<wchar_t, false> >(one);
-            install_from<moneypunct<wchar_t, true> >(one);
-#endif
-            install_from<money_get<char> >(one);
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install_from<money_get<wchar_t> >(one);
-#endif
-            install_from<money_put<char> >(one);
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install_from<money_put<wchar_t> >(one);
-#endif
-        }
-        if (c & locale::numeric)
-        {
-            install_from<numpunct<char> >(one);
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install_from<numpunct<wchar_t> >(one);
-#endif
-            install_from<num_get<char> >(one);
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install_from<num_get<wchar_t> >(one);
-#endif
-            install_from<num_put<char> >(one);
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install_from<num_put<wchar_t> >(one);
-#endif
-        }
-        if (c & locale::time)
-        {
-            install_from<time_get<char> >(one);
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install_from<time_get<wchar_t> >(one);
-#endif
-            install_from<time_put<char> >(one);
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install_from<time_put<wchar_t> >(one);
-#endif
-        }
-        if (c & locale::messages)
-        {
-            install_from<_VSTD::messages<char> >(one);
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-            install_from<_VSTD::messages<wchar_t> >(one);
-#endif
-        }
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
-    }
-    catch (...)
-    {
-        for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
-            if (facets_[i])
-                facets_[i]->__release_shared();
-        throw;
-    }
-#endif // _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
-}
-
-locale::__imp::__imp(const __imp& other, facet* f, long id)
-    : facets_(max<size_t>(N, other.facets_.size()+1)),
-      name_("*")
-{
-    f->__add_shared();
-    unique_ptr<facet, release> hold(f);
-    facets_ = other.facets_;
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < other.facets_.size(); ++i)
-        if (facets_[i])
-            facets_[i]->__add_shared();
-    install(hold.get(), id);
-}
-
-locale::__imp::~__imp()
-{
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i)
-        if (facets_[i])
-            facets_[i]->__release_shared();
-}
-
-void
-locale::__imp::install(facet* f, long id)
-{
-    f->__add_shared();
-    unique_ptr<facet, release> hold(f);
-    if (static_cast<size_t>(id) >= facets_.size())
-        facets_.resize(static_cast<size_t>(id+1));
-    if (facets_[static_cast<size_t>(id)])
-        facets_[static_cast<size_t>(id)]->__release_shared();
-    facets_[static_cast<size_t>(id)] = hold.release();
-}
-
-const locale::facet*
-locale::__imp::use_facet(long id) const
-{
-    if (!has_facet(id))
-        __throw_bad_cast();
-    return facets_[static_cast<size_t>(id)];
-}
-
-// locale
-
-const locale&
-locale::__imp::make_classic()
-{
-    // only one thread can get in here and it only gets in once
-    static aligned_storage<sizeof(locale)>::type buf;
-    locale* c = reinterpret_cast<locale*>(&buf);
-    c->__locale_ = &make<__imp>(1u);
-    return *c;
-}
-
-const locale&
-locale::classic()
-{
-    static const locale& c = __imp::make_classic();
-    return c;
-}
-
-locale&
-locale::__imp::make_global()
-{
-    // only one thread can get in here and it only gets in once
-    static aligned_storage<sizeof(locale)>::type buf;
-    auto *obj = ::new (&buf) locale(locale::classic());
-    return *obj;
-}
-
-locale&
-locale::__global()
-{
-    static locale& g = __imp::make_global();
-    return g;
-}
-
-locale::locale() noexcept
-    : __locale_(__global().__locale_)
-{
-    __locale_->__add_shared();
-}
-
-locale::locale(const locale& l) noexcept
-    : __locale_(l.__locale_)
-{
-    __locale_->__add_shared();
-}
-
-locale::~locale()
-{
-    __locale_->__release_shared();
-}
-
-const locale&
-locale::operator=(const locale& other) noexcept
-{
-    other.__locale_->__add_shared();
-    __locale_->__release_shared();
-    __locale_ = other.__locale_;
-    return *this;
-}
-
-locale::locale(const char* name)
-    : __locale_(name ? new __imp(name)
-                     : (__throw_runtime_error("locale constructed with null"), nullptr))
-{
-    __locale_->__add_shared();
-}
-
-locale::locale(const string& name)
-    : __locale_(new __imp(name))
-{
-    __locale_->__add_shared();
-}
-
-locale::locale(const locale& other, const char* name, category c)
-    : __locale_(name ? new __imp(*other.__locale_, name, c)
-                     : (__throw_runtime_error("locale constructed with null"), nullptr))
-{
-    __locale_->__add_shared();
-}
-
-locale::locale(const locale& other, const string& name, category c)
-    : __locale_(new __imp(*other.__locale_, name, c))
-{
-    __locale_->__add_shared();
-}
-
-locale::locale(const locale& other, const locale& one, category c)
-    : __locale_(new __imp(*other.__locale_, *one.__locale_, c))
-{
-    __locale_->__add_shared();
-}
-
-string
-locale::name() const
-{
-    return __locale_->name();
-}
-
-void
-locale::__install_ctor(const locale& other, facet* f, long id)
-{
-    if (f)
-        __locale_ = new __imp(*other.__locale_, f, id);
-    else
-        __locale_ = other.__locale_;
-    __locale_->__add_shared();
-}
-
-locale
-locale::global(const locale& loc)
-{
-    locale& g = __global();
-    locale r = g;
-    g = loc;
-    if (g.name() != "*")
-        setlocale(LC_ALL, g.name().c_str());
-    return r;
-}
-
-bool
-locale::has_facet(id& x) const
-{
-    return __locale_->has_facet(x.__get());
-}
-
-const locale::facet*
-locale::use_facet(id& x) const
-{
-    return __locale_->use_facet(x.__get());
-}
-
-bool
-locale::operator==(const locale& y) const
-{
-    return (__locale_ == y.__locale_)
-        || (__locale_->name() != "*" && __locale_->name() == y.__locale_->name());
-}
-
-// locale::facet
-
-locale::facet::~facet()
-{
-}
-
-void
-locale::facet::__on_zero_shared() noexcept
-{
-    delete this;
-}
-
-// locale::id
-
-namespace
-{
-
-class __fake_bind
-{
-    locale::id* id_;
-    void (locale::id::* pmf_)();
-public:
-    __fake_bind(void (locale::id::* pmf)(), locale::id* id)
-        : id_(id), pmf_(pmf) {}
-
-    void operator()() const
-    {
-        (id_->*pmf_)();
-    }
-};
-
-}
-
-int32_t locale::id::__next_id;
-
-long
-locale::id::__get()
-{
-    int32_t result = __id_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
-    if (result == 0) {
-        static std::mutex m;
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(m);
-        result = __id_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
-        if (result == 0) {
-            result = ++__next_id;
-            __id_.store(result, std::memory_order_release);
-        }
-    }
-    return result - 1;
-}
-
-// template <> class collate_byname<char>
-
-collate_byname<char>::collate_byname(const char* n, size_t refs)
-    : collate<char>(refs),
-      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, n, 0))
-{
-    if (__l == 0)
-        __throw_runtime_error("collate_byname<char>::collate_byname"
-                            " failed to construct for " + string(n));
-}
-
-collate_byname<char>::collate_byname(const string& name, size_t refs)
-    : collate<char>(refs),
-      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name.c_str(), 0))
-{
-    if (__l == 0)
-        __throw_runtime_error("collate_byname<char>::collate_byname"
-                            " failed to construct for " + name);
-}
-
-collate_byname<char>::~collate_byname()
-{
-    freelocale(__l);
-}
-
-int
-collate_byname<char>::do_compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1,
-                                 const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const
-{
-    string_type lhs(__lo1, __hi1);
-    string_type rhs(__lo2, __hi2);
-    int r = strcoll_l(lhs.c_str(), rhs.c_str(), __l);
-    if (r < 0)
-        return -1;
-    if (r > 0)
-        return 1;
-    return r;
-}
-
-collate_byname<char>::string_type
-collate_byname<char>::do_transform(const char_type* lo, const char_type* hi) const
-{
-    const string_type in(lo, hi);
-    string_type out(strxfrm_l(0, in.c_str(), 0, __l), char());
-    strxfrm_l(const_cast<char*>(out.c_str()), in.c_str(), out.size()+1, __l);
-    return out;
-}
-
-// template <> class collate_byname<wchar_t>
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-collate_byname<wchar_t>::collate_byname(const char* n, size_t refs)
-    : collate<wchar_t>(refs),
-      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, n, 0))
-{
-    if (__l == 0)
-        __throw_runtime_error("collate_byname<wchar_t>::collate_byname(size_t refs)"
-                            " failed to construct for " + string(n));
-}
-
-collate_byname<wchar_t>::collate_byname(const string& name, size_t refs)
-    : collate<wchar_t>(refs),
-      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name.c_str(), 0))
-{
-    if (__l == 0)
-        __throw_runtime_error("collate_byname<wchar_t>::collate_byname(size_t refs)"
-                            " failed to construct for " + name);
-}
-
-collate_byname<wchar_t>::~collate_byname()
-{
-    freelocale(__l);
-}
-
-int
-collate_byname<wchar_t>::do_compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1,
-                                 const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const
-{
-    string_type lhs(__lo1, __hi1);
-    string_type rhs(__lo2, __hi2);
-    int r = wcscoll_l(lhs.c_str(), rhs.c_str(), __l);
-    if (r < 0)
-        return -1;
-    if (r > 0)
-        return 1;
-    return r;
-}
-
-collate_byname<wchar_t>::string_type
-collate_byname<wchar_t>::do_transform(const char_type* lo, const char_type* hi) const
-{
-    const string_type in(lo, hi);
-    string_type out(wcsxfrm_l(0, in.c_str(), 0, __l), wchar_t());
-    wcsxfrm_l(const_cast<wchar_t*>(out.c_str()), in.c_str(), out.size()+1, __l);
-    return out;
-}
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-
-const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::space;
-const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::print;
-const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::cntrl;
-const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::upper;
-const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::lower;
-const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::alpha;
-const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::digit;
-const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::punct;
-const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::xdigit;
-const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::blank;
-const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::alnum;
-const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::graph;
-
-// template <> class ctype<wchar_t>;
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-locale::id ctype<wchar_t>::id;
-
-ctype<wchar_t>::~ctype()
-{
-}
-
-bool
-ctype<wchar_t>::do_is(mask m, char_type c) const
-{
-    return isascii(c) ? (ctype<char>::classic_table()[c] & m) != 0 : false;
-}
-
-const wchar_t*
-ctype<wchar_t>::do_is(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, mask* vec) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low, ++vec)
-        *vec = static_cast<mask>(isascii(*low) ?
-                                   ctype<char>::classic_table()[*low] : 0);
-    return low;
-}
-
-const wchar_t*
-ctype<wchar_t>::do_scan_is(mask m, const char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low)
-        if (isascii(*low) && (ctype<char>::classic_table()[*low] & m))
-            break;
-    return low;
-}
-
-const wchar_t*
-ctype<wchar_t>::do_scan_not(mask m, const char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low)
-        if (!(isascii(*low) && (ctype<char>::classic_table()[*low] & m)))
-            break;
-    return low;
-}
-
-wchar_t
-ctype<wchar_t>::do_toupper(char_type c) const
-{
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_DEFAULTRUNELOCALE
-    return isascii(c) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__mapupper[c] : c;
-#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) || \
-      defined(__NetBSD__)
-    return isascii(c) ? ctype<char>::__classic_upper_table()[c] : c;
-#else
-    return (isascii(c) && iswlower_l(c, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)) ? c-L'a'+L'A' : c;
-#endif
-}
-
-const wchar_t*
-ctype<wchar_t>::do_toupper(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low)
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_DEFAULTRUNELOCALE
-        *low = isascii(*low) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__mapupper[*low] : *low;
-#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) || \
-      defined(__NetBSD__)
-        *low = isascii(*low) ? ctype<char>::__classic_upper_table()[*low]
-                             : *low;
-#else
-        *low = (isascii(*low) && islower_l(*low, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)) ? (*low-L'a'+L'A') : *low;
-#endif
-    return low;
-}
-
-wchar_t
-ctype<wchar_t>::do_tolower(char_type c) const
-{
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_DEFAULTRUNELOCALE
-    return isascii(c) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__maplower[c] : c;
-#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) || \
-      defined(__NetBSD__)
-    return isascii(c) ? ctype<char>::__classic_lower_table()[c] : c;
-#else
-    return (isascii(c) && isupper_l(c, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)) ? c-L'A'+'a' : c;
-#endif
-}
-
-const wchar_t*
-ctype<wchar_t>::do_tolower(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low)
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_DEFAULTRUNELOCALE
-        *low = isascii(*low) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__maplower[*low] : *low;
-#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) || \
-      defined(__NetBSD__)
-        *low = isascii(*low) ? ctype<char>::__classic_lower_table()[*low]
-                             : *low;
-#else
-        *low = (isascii(*low) && isupper_l(*low, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)) ? *low-L'A'+L'a' : *low;
-#endif
-    return low;
-}
-
-wchar_t
-ctype<wchar_t>::do_widen(char c) const
-{
-    return c;
-}
-
-const char*
-ctype<wchar_t>::do_widen(const char* low, const char* high, char_type* dest) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
-        *dest = *low;
-    return low;
-}
-
-char
-ctype<wchar_t>::do_narrow(char_type c, char dfault) const
-{
-    if (isascii(c))
-        return static_cast<char>(c);
-    return dfault;
-}
-
-const wchar_t*
-ctype<wchar_t>::do_narrow(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, char dfault, char* dest) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
-        if (isascii(*low))
-            *dest = static_cast<char>(*low);
-        else
-            *dest = dfault;
-    return low;
-}
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-
-// template <> class ctype<char>;
-
-locale::id ctype<char>::id;
-
-ctype<char>::ctype(const mask* tab, bool del, size_t refs)
-    : locale::facet(refs),
-      __tab_(tab),
-      __del_(del)
-{
-  if (__tab_ == 0)
-      __tab_ = classic_table();
-}
-
-ctype<char>::~ctype()
-{
-    if (__tab_ && __del_)
-        delete [] __tab_;
-}
-
-char
-ctype<char>::do_toupper(char_type c) const
-{
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_DEFAULTRUNELOCALE
-    return isascii(c) ?
-      static_cast<char>(_DefaultRuneLocale.__mapupper[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(c)]) : c;
-#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
-    return static_cast<char>(__classic_upper_table()[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)]);
-#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
-    return isascii(c) ?
-      static_cast<char>(__classic_upper_table()[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)]) : c;
-#else
-    return (isascii(c) && islower_l(c, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)) ? c-'a'+'A' : c;
-#endif
-}
-
-const char*
-ctype<char>::do_toupper(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low)
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_DEFAULTRUNELOCALE
-        *low = isascii(*low) ?
-          static_cast<char>(_DefaultRuneLocale.__mapupper[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(*low)]) : *low;
-#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
-        *low = static_cast<char>(__classic_upper_table()[static_cast<unsigned char>(*low)]);
-#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
-        *low = isascii(*low) ?
-          static_cast<char>(__classic_upper_table()[static_cast<size_t>(*low)]) : *low;
-#else
-        *low = (isascii(*low) && islower_l(*low, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)) ? *low-'a'+'A' : *low;
-#endif
-    return low;
-}
-
-char
-ctype<char>::do_tolower(char_type c) const
-{
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_DEFAULTRUNELOCALE
-    return isascii(c) ?
-      static_cast<char>(_DefaultRuneLocale.__maplower[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(c)]) : c;
-#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
-    return static_cast<char>(__classic_lower_table()[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)]);
-#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
-    return isascii(c) ?
-      static_cast<char>(__classic_lower_table()[static_cast<size_t>(c)]) : c;
-#else
-    return (isascii(c) && isupper_l(c, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)) ? c-'A'+'a' : c;
-#endif
-}
-
-const char*
-ctype<char>::do_tolower(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low)
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_DEFAULTRUNELOCALE
-        *low = isascii(*low) ? static_cast<char>(_DefaultRuneLocale.__maplower[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(*low)]) : *low;
-#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
-        *low = static_cast<char>(__classic_lower_table()[static_cast<unsigned char>(*low)]);
-#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
-        *low = isascii(*low) ? static_cast<char>(__classic_lower_table()[static_cast<size_t>(*low)]) : *low;
-#else
-        *low = (isascii(*low) && isupper_l(*low, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)) ? *low-'A'+'a' : *low;
-#endif
-    return low;
-}
-
-char
-ctype<char>::do_widen(char c) const
-{
-    return c;
-}
-
-const char*
-ctype<char>::do_widen(const char* low, const char* high, char_type* dest) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
-        *dest = *low;
-    return low;
-}
-
-char
-ctype<char>::do_narrow(char_type c, char dfault) const
-{
-    if (isascii(c))
-        return static_cast<char>(c);
-    return dfault;
-}
-
-const char*
-ctype<char>::do_narrow(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, char dfault, char* dest) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
-        if (isascii(*low))
-            *dest = *low;
-        else
-            *dest = dfault;
-    return low;
-}
-
-#if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
-extern "C" const unsigned short ** __ctype_b_loc();
-extern "C" const int ** __ctype_tolower_loc();
-extern "C" const int ** __ctype_toupper_loc();
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-// See src/support/android/android_locale.cpp
-extern "C" const unsigned short* const _ctype_android;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_PROVIDES_DEFAULT_RUNE_TABLE
-const ctype<char>::mask*
-ctype<char>::classic_table() noexcept
-{
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const ctype<char>::mask builtin_table[table_size] = {
-        cntrl,                          cntrl,
-        cntrl,                          cntrl,
-        cntrl,                          cntrl,
-        cntrl,                          cntrl,
-        cntrl,                          cntrl | space | blank,
-        cntrl | space,                  cntrl | space,
-        cntrl | space,                  cntrl | space,
-        cntrl,                          cntrl,
-        cntrl,                          cntrl,
-        cntrl,                          cntrl,
-        cntrl,                          cntrl,
-        cntrl,                          cntrl,
-        cntrl,                          cntrl,
-        cntrl,                          cntrl,
-        cntrl,                          cntrl,
-        cntrl,                          cntrl,
-        space | blank | print,          punct | print,
-        punct | print,                  punct | print,
-        punct | print,                  punct | print,
-        punct | print,                  punct | print,
-        punct | print,                  punct | print,
-        punct | print,                  punct | print,
-        punct | print,                  punct | print,
-        punct | print,                  punct | print,
-        digit | print | xdigit,         digit | print | xdigit,
-        digit | print | xdigit,         digit | print | xdigit,
-        digit | print | xdigit,         digit | print | xdigit,
-        digit | print | xdigit,         digit | print | xdigit,
-        digit | print | xdigit,         digit | print | xdigit,
-        punct | print,                  punct | print,
-        punct | print,                  punct | print,
-        punct | print,                  punct | print,
-        punct | print,                  upper | xdigit | print | alpha,
-        upper | xdigit | print | alpha, upper | xdigit | print | alpha,
-        upper | xdigit | print | alpha, upper | xdigit | print | alpha,
-        upper | xdigit | print | alpha, upper | print | alpha,
-        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha,
-        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha,
-        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha,
-        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha,
-        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha,
-        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha,
-        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha,
-        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha,
-        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha,
-        upper | print | alpha,          punct | print,
-        punct | print,                  punct | print,
-        punct | print,                  punct | print,
-        punct | print,                  lower | xdigit | print | alpha,
-        lower | xdigit | print | alpha, lower | xdigit | print | alpha,
-        lower | xdigit | print | alpha, lower | xdigit | print | alpha,
-        lower | xdigit | print | alpha, lower | print | alpha,
-        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha,
-        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha,
-        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha,
-        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha,
-        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha,
-        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha,
-        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha,
-        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha,
-        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha,
-        lower | print | alpha,          punct | print,
-        punct | print,                  punct | print,
-        punct | print,                  cntrl,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
-        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
-    };
-    return builtin_table;
-}
-#else
-const ctype<char>::mask*
-ctype<char>::classic_table() noexcept
-{
-#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
-    return _DefaultRuneLocale.__runetype;
-#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
-    return _C_ctype_tab_ + 1;
-#elif defined(__GLIBC__)
-    return _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE->__ctype_b;
-#elif defined(__sun__)
-    return __ctype_mask;
-#elif defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__)
-    return __pctype_func();
-#elif defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
-    return *__ctype_b_loc();
-#elif defined(_NEWLIB_VERSION)
-    // Newlib has a 257-entry table in ctype_.c, where (char)0 starts at [1].
-    return _ctype_ + 1;
-#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
-    return _ctype_android;
-#elif defined(_AIX)
-    return (const unsigned int *)__lc_ctype_ptr->obj->mask;
-#else
-    // Platform not supported: abort so the person doing the port knows what to
-    // fix
-# warning  ctype<char>::classic_table() is not implemented
-    printf("ctype<char>::classic_table() is not implemented\n");
-    abort();
-    return NULL;
-#endif
-}
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__GLIBC__)
-const int*
-ctype<char>::__classic_lower_table() noexcept
-{
-    return _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE->__ctype_tolower;
-}
-
-const int*
-ctype<char>::__classic_upper_table() noexcept
-{
-    return _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE->__ctype_toupper;
-}
-#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
-const short*
-ctype<char>::__classic_lower_table() noexcept
-{
-    return _C_tolower_tab_ + 1;
-}
-
-const short*
-ctype<char>::__classic_upper_table() noexcept
-{
-    return _C_toupper_tab_ + 1;
-}
-
-#elif defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
-const int*
-ctype<char>::__classic_lower_table() noexcept
-{
-    return *__ctype_tolower_loc();
-}
-
-const int*
-ctype<char>::__classic_upper_table() noexcept
-{
-    return *__ctype_toupper_loc();
-}
-#endif // __GLIBC__ || __NETBSD__ || __EMSCRIPTEN__
-
-// template <> class ctype_byname<char>
-
-ctype_byname<char>::ctype_byname(const char* name, size_t refs)
-    : ctype<char>(0, false, refs),
-      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name, 0))
-{
-    if (__l == 0)
-        __throw_runtime_error("ctype_byname<char>::ctype_byname"
-                            " failed to construct for " + string(name));
-}
-
-ctype_byname<char>::ctype_byname(const string& name, size_t refs)
-    : ctype<char>(0, false, refs),
-      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name.c_str(), 0))
-{
-    if (__l == 0)
-        __throw_runtime_error("ctype_byname<char>::ctype_byname"
-                            " failed to construct for " + name);
-}
-
-ctype_byname<char>::~ctype_byname()
-{
-    freelocale(__l);
-}
-
-char
-ctype_byname<char>::do_toupper(char_type c) const
-{
-    return static_cast<char>(toupper_l(static_cast<unsigned char>(c), __l));
-}
-
-const char*
-ctype_byname<char>::do_toupper(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low)
-        *low = static_cast<char>(toupper_l(static_cast<unsigned char>(*low), __l));
-    return low;
-}
-
-char
-ctype_byname<char>::do_tolower(char_type c) const
-{
-    return static_cast<char>(tolower_l(static_cast<unsigned char>(c), __l));
-}
-
-const char*
-ctype_byname<char>::do_tolower(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low)
-        *low = static_cast<char>(tolower_l(static_cast<unsigned char>(*low), __l));
-    return low;
-}
-
-// template <> class ctype_byname<wchar_t>
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-ctype_byname<wchar_t>::ctype_byname(const char* name, size_t refs)
-    : ctype<wchar_t>(refs),
-      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name, 0))
-{
-    if (__l == 0)
-        __throw_runtime_error("ctype_byname<wchar_t>::ctype_byname"
-                            " failed to construct for " + string(name));
-}
-
-ctype_byname<wchar_t>::ctype_byname(const string& name, size_t refs)
-    : ctype<wchar_t>(refs),
-      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name.c_str(), 0))
-{
-    if (__l == 0)
-        __throw_runtime_error("ctype_byname<wchar_t>::ctype_byname"
-                            " failed to construct for " + name);
-}
-
-ctype_byname<wchar_t>::~ctype_byname()
-{
-    freelocale(__l);
-}
-
-bool
-ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_is(mask m, char_type c) const
-{
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_WCTYPE_IS_MASK
-    return static_cast<bool>(iswctype_l(c, m, __l));
-#else
-    bool result = false;
-    wint_t ch = static_cast<wint_t>(c);
-    if ((m & space) == space) result |= (iswspace_l(ch, __l) != 0);
-    if ((m & print) == print) result |= (iswprint_l(ch, __l) != 0);
-    if ((m & cntrl) == cntrl) result |= (iswcntrl_l(ch, __l) != 0);
-    if ((m & upper) == upper) result |= (iswupper_l(ch, __l) != 0);
-    if ((m & lower) == lower) result |= (iswlower_l(ch, __l) != 0);
-    if ((m & alpha) == alpha) result |= (iswalpha_l(ch, __l) != 0);
-    if ((m & digit) == digit) result |= (iswdigit_l(ch, __l) != 0);
-    if ((m & punct) == punct) result |= (iswpunct_l(ch, __l) != 0);
-    if ((m & xdigit) == xdigit) result |= (iswxdigit_l(ch, __l) != 0);
-    if ((m & blank) == blank) result |= (iswblank_l(ch, __l) != 0);
-    return result;
-#endif
-}
-
-const wchar_t*
-ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_is(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, mask* vec) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low, ++vec)
-    {
-        if (isascii(*low))
-            *vec = static_cast<mask>(ctype<char>::classic_table()[*low]);
-        else
-        {
-            *vec = 0;
-            wint_t ch = static_cast<wint_t>(*low);
-            if (iswspace_l(ch, __l))
-                *vec |= space;
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CTYPE_MASK_IS_COMPOSITE_PRINT
-            if (iswprint_l(ch, __l))
-                *vec |= print;
-#endif
-            if (iswcntrl_l(ch, __l))
-                *vec |= cntrl;
-            if (iswupper_l(ch, __l))
-                *vec |= upper;
-            if (iswlower_l(ch, __l))
-                *vec |= lower;
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CTYPE_MASK_IS_COMPOSITE_ALPHA
-            if (iswalpha_l(ch, __l))
-                *vec |= alpha;
-#endif
-            if (iswdigit_l(ch, __l))
-                *vec |= digit;
-            if (iswpunct_l(ch, __l))
-                *vec |= punct;
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CTYPE_MASK_IS_COMPOSITE_XDIGIT
-            if (iswxdigit_l(ch, __l))
-                *vec |= xdigit;
-#endif
-#if !defined(__sun__)
-            if (iswblank_l(ch, __l))
-                *vec |= blank;
-#endif
-        }
-    }
-    return low;
-}
-
-const wchar_t*
-ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_scan_is(mask m, const char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low)
-    {
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_WCTYPE_IS_MASK
-        if (iswctype_l(*low, m, __l))
-            break;
-#else
-        wint_t ch = static_cast<wint_t>(*low);
-        if ((m & space) == space && iswspace_l(ch, __l)) break;
-        if ((m & print) == print && iswprint_l(ch, __l)) break;
-        if ((m & cntrl) == cntrl && iswcntrl_l(ch, __l)) break;
-        if ((m & upper) == upper && iswupper_l(ch, __l)) break;
-        if ((m & lower) == lower && iswlower_l(ch, __l)) break;
-        if ((m & alpha) == alpha && iswalpha_l(ch, __l)) break;
-        if ((m & digit) == digit && iswdigit_l(ch, __l)) break;
-        if ((m & punct) == punct && iswpunct_l(ch, __l)) break;
-        if ((m & xdigit) == xdigit && iswxdigit_l(ch, __l)) break;
-        if ((m & blank) == blank && iswblank_l(ch, __l)) break;
-#endif
-    }
-    return low;
-}
-
-const wchar_t*
-ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_scan_not(mask m, const char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low)
-    {
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_WCTYPE_IS_MASK
-        if (!iswctype_l(*low, m, __l))
-            break;
-#else
-        wint_t ch = static_cast<wint_t>(*low);
-        if ((m & space) == space && iswspace_l(ch, __l)) continue;
-        if ((m & print) == print && iswprint_l(ch, __l)) continue;
-        if ((m & cntrl) == cntrl && iswcntrl_l(ch, __l)) continue;
-        if ((m & upper) == upper && iswupper_l(ch, __l)) continue;
-        if ((m & lower) == lower && iswlower_l(ch, __l)) continue;
-        if ((m & alpha) == alpha && iswalpha_l(ch, __l)) continue;
-        if ((m & digit) == digit && iswdigit_l(ch, __l)) continue;
-        if ((m & punct) == punct && iswpunct_l(ch, __l)) continue;
-        if ((m & xdigit) == xdigit && iswxdigit_l(ch, __l)) continue;
-        if ((m & blank) == blank && iswblank_l(ch, __l)) continue;
-        break;
-#endif
-    }
-    return low;
-}
-
-wchar_t
-ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_toupper(char_type c) const
-{
-    return towupper_l(c, __l);
-}
-
-const wchar_t*
-ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_toupper(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low)
-        *low = towupper_l(*low, __l);
-    return low;
-}
-
-wchar_t
-ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_tolower(char_type c) const
-{
-    return towlower_l(c, __l);
-}
-
-const wchar_t*
-ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_tolower(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low)
-        *low = towlower_l(*low, __l);
-    return low;
-}
-
-wchar_t
-ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_widen(char c) const
-{
-    return __libcpp_btowc_l(c, __l);
-}
-
-const char*
-ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_widen(const char* low, const char* high, char_type* dest) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
-        *dest = __libcpp_btowc_l(*low, __l);
-    return low;
-}
-
-char
-ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_narrow(char_type c, char dfault) const
-{
-    int r = __libcpp_wctob_l(c, __l);
-    return r != static_cast<int>(WEOF) ? static_cast<char>(r) : dfault;
-}
-
-const wchar_t*
-ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_narrow(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, char dfault, char* dest) const
-{
-    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest)
-    {
-        int r = __libcpp_wctob_l(*low, __l);
-        *dest = r != static_cast<int>(WEOF) ? static_cast<char>(r) : dfault;
-    }
-    return low;
-}
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-
-// template <> class codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>
-
-locale::id codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::id;
-
-codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::~codecvt()
-{
-}
-
-codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type*, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type*, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type*, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 1;
-}
-
-bool
-codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return true;
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    return static_cast<int>(min<size_t>(mx, static_cast<size_t>(end-frm)));
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-    return 1;
-}
-
-// template <> class codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-locale::id codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::id;
-
-codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::codecvt(size_t refs)
-    : locale::facet(refs),
-      __l(_LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)
-{
-}
-
-codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::codecvt(const char* nm, size_t refs)
-    : locale::facet(refs),
-      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0))
-{
-    if (__l == 0)
-        __throw_runtime_error("codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::codecvt_byname"
-                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
-}
-
-codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::~codecvt()
-{
-    if (__l != _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)
-        freelocale(__l);
-}
-
-codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type& st,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    // look for first internal null in frm
-    const intern_type* fend = frm;
-    for (; fend != frm_end; ++fend)
-        if (*fend == 0)
-            break;
-    // loop over all null-terminated sequences in frm
-    to_nxt = to;
-    for (frm_nxt = frm; frm != frm_end && to != to_end; frm = frm_nxt, to = to_nxt)
-    {
-        // save state in case it is needed to recover to_nxt on error
-        mbstate_t save_state = st;
-        size_t n = __libcpp_wcsnrtombs_l(to, &frm_nxt, static_cast<size_t>(fend-frm),
-                                     static_cast<size_t>(to_end-to), &st, __l);
-        if (n == size_t(-1))
-        {
-            // need to recover to_nxt
-            for (to_nxt = to; frm != frm_nxt; ++frm)
-            {
-                n = __libcpp_wcrtomb_l(to_nxt, *frm, &save_state, __l);
-                if (n == size_t(-1))
-                    break;
-                to_nxt += n;
-            }
-            frm_nxt = frm;
-            return error;
-        }
-        if (n == 0)
-            return partial;
-        to_nxt += n;
-        if (to_nxt == to_end)
-            break;
-        if (fend != frm_end)  // set up next null terminated sequence
-        {
-            // Try to write the terminating null
-            extern_type tmp[MB_LEN_MAX];
-            n = __libcpp_wcrtomb_l(tmp, intern_type(), &st, __l);
-            if (n == size_t(-1))  // on error
-                return error;
-            if (n > static_cast<size_t>(to_end-to_nxt))  // is there room?
-                return partial;
-            for (extern_type* p = tmp; n; --n)  // write it
-                *to_nxt++ = *p++;
-            ++frm_nxt;
-            // look for next null in frm
-            for (fend = frm_nxt; fend != frm_end; ++fend)
-                if (*fend == 0)
-                    break;
-        }
-    }
-    return frm_nxt == frm_end ? ok : partial;
-}
-
-codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type& st,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    // look for first internal null in frm
-    const extern_type* fend = frm;
-    for (; fend != frm_end; ++fend)
-        if (*fend == 0)
-            break;
-    // loop over all null-terminated sequences in frm
-    to_nxt = to;
-    for (frm_nxt = frm; frm != frm_end && to != to_end; frm = frm_nxt, to = to_nxt)
-    {
-        // save state in case it is needed to recover to_nxt on error
-        mbstate_t save_state = st;
-        size_t n = __libcpp_mbsnrtowcs_l(to, &frm_nxt, static_cast<size_t>(fend-frm),
-                                     static_cast<size_t>(to_end-to), &st, __l);
-        if (n == size_t(-1))
-        {
-            // need to recover to_nxt
-            for (to_nxt = to; frm != frm_nxt; ++to_nxt)
-            {
-                n = __libcpp_mbrtowc_l(to_nxt, frm, static_cast<size_t>(fend-frm),
-                                   &save_state, __l);
-                switch (n)
-                {
-                case 0:
-                    ++frm;
-                    break;
-                case size_t(-1):
-                    frm_nxt = frm;
-                    return error;
-                case size_t(-2):
-                    frm_nxt = frm;
-                    return partial;
-                default:
-                    frm += n;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            frm_nxt = frm;
-            return frm_nxt == frm_end ? ok : partial;
-        }
-        if (n == size_t(-1))
-            return error;
-        to_nxt += n;
-        if (to_nxt == to_end)
-            break;
-        if (fend != frm_end)  // set up next null terminated sequence
-        {
-            // Try to write the terminating null
-            n = __libcpp_mbrtowc_l(to_nxt, frm_nxt, 1, &st, __l);
-            if (n != 0)  // on error
-                return error;
-            ++to_nxt;
-            ++frm_nxt;
-            // look for next null in frm
-            for (fend = frm_nxt; fend != frm_end; ++fend)
-                if (*fend == 0)
-                    break;
-        }
-    }
-    return frm_nxt == frm_end ? ok : partial;
-}
-
-codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type& st,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    extern_type tmp[MB_LEN_MAX];
-    size_t n = __libcpp_wcrtomb_l(tmp, intern_type(), &st, __l);
-    if (n == size_t(-1) || n == 0)  // on error
-        return error;
-    --n;
-    if (n > static_cast<size_t>(to_end-to_nxt))  // is there room?
-        return partial;
-    for (extern_type* p = tmp; n; --n)  // write it
-        *to_nxt++ = *p++;
-    return ok;
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    if (__libcpp_mbtowc_l(nullptr, nullptr, MB_LEN_MAX, __l) != 0)
-        return -1;
-
-    // stateless encoding
-    if (__l == 0 || __libcpp_mb_cur_max_l(__l) == 1)  // there are no known constant length encodings
-        return 1;                // which take more than 1 char to form a wchar_t
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type& st,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    int nbytes = 0;
-    for (size_t nwchar_t = 0; nwchar_t < mx && frm != frm_end; ++nwchar_t)
-    {
-        size_t n = __libcpp_mbrlen_l(frm, static_cast<size_t>(frm_end-frm), &st, __l);
-        switch (n)
-        {
-        case 0:
-            ++nbytes;
-            ++frm;
-            break;
-        case size_t(-1):
-        case size_t(-2):
-            return nbytes;
-        default:
-            nbytes += n;
-            frm += n;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    return nbytes;
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-    return __l == 0 ? 1 : static_cast<int>(__libcpp_mb_cur_max_l(__l));
-}
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-
-//                                     Valid UTF ranges
-//     UTF-32               UTF-16                          UTF-8               # of code points
-//                     first      second       first   second    third   fourth
-// 000000 - 00007F  0000 - 007F               00 - 7F                                 127
-// 000080 - 0007FF  0080 - 07FF               C2 - DF, 80 - BF                       1920
-// 000800 - 000FFF  0800 - 0FFF               E0 - E0, A0 - BF, 80 - BF              2048
-// 001000 - 00CFFF  1000 - CFFF               E1 - EC, 80 - BF, 80 - BF             49152
-// 00D000 - 00D7FF  D000 - D7FF               ED - ED, 80 - 9F, 80 - BF              2048
-// 00D800 - 00DFFF                invalid
-// 00E000 - 00FFFF  E000 - FFFF               EE - EF, 80 - BF, 80 - BF              8192
-// 010000 - 03FFFF  D800 - D8BF, DC00 - DFFF  F0 - F0, 90 - BF, 80 - BF, 80 - BF   196608
-// 040000 - 0FFFFF  D8C0 - DBBF, DC00 - DFFF  F1 - F3, 80 - BF, 80 - BF, 80 - BF   786432
-// 100000 - 10FFFF  DBC0 - DBFF, DC00 - DFFF  F4 - F4, 80 - 8F, 80 - BF, 80 - BF    65536
-
-static
-codecvt_base::result
-utf16_to_utf8(const uint16_t* frm, const uint16_t* frm_end, const uint16_t*& frm_nxt,
-              uint8_t* to, uint8_t* to_end, uint8_t*& to_nxt,
-              unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    if (mode & generate_header)
-    {
-        if (to_end-to_nxt < 3)
-            return codecvt_base::partial;
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xEF);
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xBB);
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xBF);
-    }
-    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt)
-    {
-        uint16_t wc1 = *frm_nxt;
-        if (wc1 > Maxcode)
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        if (wc1 < 0x0080)
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 1)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc1);
-        }
-        else if (wc1 < 0x0800)
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xC0 | (wc1 >> 6));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | (wc1 & 0x03F));
-        }
-        else if (wc1 < 0xD800)
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xE0 |  (wc1 >> 12));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0FC0) >> 6));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc1 & 0x003F));
-        }
-        else if (wc1 < 0xDC00)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint16_t wc2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            if ((wc2 & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 4)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            if (((((wc1 & 0x03C0UL) >> 6) + 1) << 16) +
-                ((wc1 & 0x003FUL) << 10) + (wc2 & 0x03FF) > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            ++frm_nxt;
-            uint8_t z = ((wc1 & 0x03C0) >> 6) + 1;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xF0 | (z >> 2));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((z & 0x03) << 4)     | ((wc1 & 0x003C) >> 2));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0003) << 4) | ((wc2 & 0x03C0) >> 6));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc2 & 0x003F));
-        }
-        else if (wc1 < 0xE000)
-        {
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xE0 |  (wc1 >> 12));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0FC0) >> 6));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc1 & 0x003F));
-        }
-    }
-    return codecvt_base::ok;
-}
-
-static
-codecvt_base::result
-utf16_to_utf8(const uint32_t* frm, const uint32_t* frm_end, const uint32_t*& frm_nxt,
-              uint8_t* to, uint8_t* to_end, uint8_t*& to_nxt,
-              unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    if (mode & generate_header)
-    {
-        if (to_end-to_nxt < 3)
-            return codecvt_base::partial;
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xEF);
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xBB);
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xBF);
-    }
-    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt)
-    {
-        uint16_t wc1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(*frm_nxt);
-        if (wc1 > Maxcode)
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        if (wc1 < 0x0080)
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 1)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc1);
-        }
-        else if (wc1 < 0x0800)
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xC0 | (wc1 >> 6));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | (wc1 & 0x03F));
-        }
-        else if (wc1 < 0xD800)
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xE0 |  (wc1 >> 12));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0FC0) >> 6));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc1 & 0x003F));
-        }
-        else if (wc1 < 0xDC00)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint16_t wc2 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[1]);
-            if ((wc2 & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 4)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            if (((((wc1 & 0x03C0UL) >> 6) + 1) << 16) +
-                ((wc1 & 0x003FUL) << 10) + (wc2 & 0x03FF) > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            ++frm_nxt;
-            uint8_t z = ((wc1 & 0x03C0) >> 6) + 1;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xF0 | (z >> 2));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((z & 0x03) << 4)     | ((wc1 & 0x003C) >> 2));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0003) << 4) | ((wc2 & 0x03C0) >> 6));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc2 & 0x003F));
-        }
-        else if (wc1 < 0xE000)
-        {
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xE0 |  (wc1 >> 12));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0FC0) >> 6));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc1 & 0x003F));
-        }
-    }
-    return codecvt_base::ok;
-}
-
-static
-codecvt_base::result
-utf8_to_utf16(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, const uint8_t*& frm_nxt,
-              uint16_t* to, uint16_t* to_end, uint16_t*& to_nxt,
-              unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    if (mode & consume_header)
-    {
-        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 3 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xEF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xBB &&
-                                                          frm_nxt[2] == 0xBF)
-            frm_nxt += 3;
-    }
-    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt)
-    {
-        uint8_t c1 = *frm_nxt;
-        if (c1 > Maxcode)
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        if (c1 < 0x80)
-        {
-            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint16_t>(c1);
-            ++frm_nxt;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xC2)
-        {
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xE0)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>(((c1 & 0x1F) << 6) | (c2 & 0x3F));
-            if (t > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = t;
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xF0)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2];
-            switch (c1)
-            {
-            case 0xE0:
-                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            case 0xED:
-                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            default:
-                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            }
-            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>(((c1 & 0x0F) << 12)
-                                             | ((c2 & 0x3F) << 6)
-                                             |  (c3 & 0x3F));
-            if (t > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = t;
-            frm_nxt += 3;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xF5)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2];
-            uint8_t c4 = frm_nxt[3];
-            switch (c1)
-            {
-            case 0xF0:
-                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF))
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            case 0xF4:
-                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            default:
-                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            }
-            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            if ((((c1 & 7UL) << 18) +
-                ((c2 & 0x3FUL) << 12) +
-                ((c3 & 0x3FUL) << 6) + (c4 & 0x3F)) > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint16_t>(
-                    0xD800
-                  | (((((c1 & 0x07) << 2) | ((c2 & 0x30) >> 4)) - 1) << 6)
-                  | ((c2 & 0x0F) << 2)
-                  | ((c3 & 0x30) >> 4));
-            *++to_nxt = static_cast<uint16_t>(
-                    0xDC00
-                  | ((c3 & 0x0F) << 6)
-                  |  (c4 & 0x3F));
-            frm_nxt += 4;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        }
-    }
-    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok;
-}
-
-static
-codecvt_base::result
-utf8_to_utf16(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, const uint8_t*& frm_nxt,
-              uint32_t* to, uint32_t* to_end, uint32_t*& to_nxt,
-              unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    if (mode & consume_header)
-    {
-        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 3 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xEF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xBB &&
-                                                          frm_nxt[2] == 0xBF)
-            frm_nxt += 3;
-    }
-    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt)
-    {
-        uint8_t c1 = *frm_nxt;
-        if (c1 > Maxcode)
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        if (c1 < 0x80)
-        {
-            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint32_t>(c1);
-            ++frm_nxt;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xC2)
-        {
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xE0)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>(((c1 & 0x1F) << 6) | (c2 & 0x3F));
-            if (t > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint32_t>(t);
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xF0)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2];
-            switch (c1)
-            {
-            case 0xE0:
-                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            case 0xED:
-                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            default:
-                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            }
-            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>(((c1 & 0x0F) << 12)
-                                             | ((c2 & 0x3F) << 6)
-                                             |  (c3 & 0x3F));
-            if (t > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint32_t>(t);
-            frm_nxt += 3;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xF5)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2];
-            uint8_t c4 = frm_nxt[3];
-            switch (c1)
-            {
-            case 0xF0:
-                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF))
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            case 0xF4:
-                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            default:
-                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            }
-            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            if ((((c1 & 7UL) << 18) +
-                ((c2 & 0x3FUL) << 12) +
-                ((c3 & 0x3FUL) << 6) + (c4 & 0x3F)) > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint32_t>(
-                    0xD800
-                  | (((((c1 & 0x07) << 2) | ((c2 & 0x30) >> 4)) - 1) << 6)
-                  | ((c2 & 0x0F) << 2)
-                  | ((c3 & 0x30) >> 4));
-            *++to_nxt = static_cast<uint32_t>(
-                    0xDC00
-                  | ((c3 & 0x0F) << 6)
-                  |  (c4 & 0x3F));
-            frm_nxt += 4;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        }
-    }
-    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok;
-}
-
-static
-int
-utf8_to_utf16_length(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end,
-                     size_t mx, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF,
-                     codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    const uint8_t* frm_nxt = frm;
-    if (mode & consume_header)
-    {
-        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 3 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xEF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xBB &&
-                                                          frm_nxt[2] == 0xBF)
-            frm_nxt += 3;
-    }
-    for (size_t nchar16_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end && nchar16_t < mx; ++nchar16_t)
-    {
-        uint8_t c1 = *frm_nxt;
-        if (c1 > Maxcode)
-            break;
-        if (c1 < 0x80)
-        {
-            ++frm_nxt;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xC2)
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xE0)
-        {
-            if ((frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) || (frm_nxt[1] & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                break;
-            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>(((c1 & 0x1F) << 6) | (frm_nxt[1] & 0x3F));
-            if (t > Maxcode)
-                break;
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xF0)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3)
-                break;
-            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2];
-            switch (c1)
-            {
-            case 0xE0:
-                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0)
-                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-                break;
-            case 0xED:
-                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80)
-                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-                 break;
-            default:
-                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-                 break;
-            }
-            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                break;
-            if ((((c1 & 0x0Fu) << 12) | ((c2 & 0x3Fu) << 6) | (c3 & 0x3Fu)) > Maxcode)
-                break;
-            frm_nxt += 3;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xF5)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4 || mx-nchar16_t < 2)
-                break;
-            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2];
-            uint8_t c4 = frm_nxt[3];
-            switch (c1)
-            {
-            case 0xF0:
-                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF))
-                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-                 break;
-            case 0xF4:
-                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80)
-                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-                 break;
-            default:
-                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-                 break;
-            }
-            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                break;
-            if ((((c1 & 7UL) << 18) +
-                ((c2 & 0x3FUL) << 12) +
-                ((c3 & 0x3FUL) << 6) + (c4 & 0x3F)) > Maxcode)
-                break;
-            ++nchar16_t;
-            frm_nxt += 4;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-}
-
-static
-codecvt_base::result
-ucs4_to_utf8(const uint32_t* frm, const uint32_t* frm_end, const uint32_t*& frm_nxt,
-             uint8_t* to, uint8_t* to_end, uint8_t*& to_nxt,
-             unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    if (mode & generate_header)
-    {
-        if (to_end-to_nxt < 3)
-            return codecvt_base::partial;
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xEF);
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xBB);
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xBF);
-    }
-    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt)
-    {
-        uint32_t wc = *frm_nxt;
-        if ((wc & 0xFFFFF800) == 0x00D800 || wc > Maxcode)
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        if (wc < 0x000080)
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 1)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc);
-        }
-        else if (wc < 0x000800)
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xC0 | (wc >> 6));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | (wc & 0x03F));
-        }
-        else if (wc < 0x010000)
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xE0 |  (wc >> 12));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc & 0x0FC0) >> 6));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc & 0x003F));
-        }
-        else // if (wc < 0x110000)
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 4)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xF0 |  (wc >> 18));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc & 0x03F000) >> 12));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc & 0x000FC0) >> 6));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc & 0x00003F));
-        }
-    }
-    return codecvt_base::ok;
-}
-
-static
-codecvt_base::result
-utf8_to_ucs4(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, const uint8_t*& frm_nxt,
-             uint32_t* to, uint32_t* to_end, uint32_t*& to_nxt,
-             unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    if (mode & consume_header)
-    {
-        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 3 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xEF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xBB &&
-                                                          frm_nxt[2] == 0xBF)
-            frm_nxt += 3;
-    }
-    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt)
-    {
-        uint8_t c1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(*frm_nxt);
-        if (c1 < 0x80)
-        {
-            if (c1 > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint32_t>(c1);
-            ++frm_nxt;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xC2)
-        {
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xE0)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            uint32_t t = static_cast<uint32_t>(((c1 & 0x1F) << 6)
-                                              | (c2 & 0x3F));
-            if (t > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = t;
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xF0)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2];
-            switch (c1)
-            {
-            case 0xE0:
-                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            case 0xED:
-                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            default:
-                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            }
-            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            uint32_t t = static_cast<uint32_t>(((c1 & 0x0F) << 12)
-                                             | ((c2 & 0x3F) << 6)
-                                             |  (c3 & 0x3F));
-            if (t > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = t;
-            frm_nxt += 3;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xF5)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2];
-            uint8_t c4 = frm_nxt[3];
-            switch (c1)
-            {
-            case 0xF0:
-                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF))
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            case 0xF4:
-                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            default:
-                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            }
-            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            uint32_t t = static_cast<uint32_t>(((c1 & 0x07) << 18)
-                                             | ((c2 & 0x3F) << 12)
-                                             | ((c3 & 0x3F) << 6)
-                                             |  (c4 & 0x3F));
-            if (t > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = t;
-            frm_nxt += 4;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        }
-    }
-    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok;
-}
-
-static
-int
-utf8_to_ucs4_length(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end,
-                    size_t mx, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF,
-                    codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    const uint8_t* frm_nxt = frm;
-    if (mode & consume_header)
-    {
-        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 3 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xEF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xBB &&
-                                                          frm_nxt[2] == 0xBF)
-            frm_nxt += 3;
-    }
-    for (size_t nchar32_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end && nchar32_t < mx; ++nchar32_t)
-    {
-        uint8_t c1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(*frm_nxt);
-        if (c1 < 0x80)
-        {
-            if (c1 > Maxcode)
-                break;
-            ++frm_nxt;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xC2)
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xE0)
-        {
-            if ((frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) || ((frm_nxt[1] & 0xC0) != 0x80))
-                break;
-            if ((((c1 & 0x1Fu) << 6) | (frm_nxt[1] & 0x3Fu)) > Maxcode)
-                break;
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xF0)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3)
-                break;
-            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2];
-            switch (c1)
-            {
-            case 0xE0:
-                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0)
-                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-                break;
-            case 0xED:
-                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80)
-                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-                 break;
-            default:
-                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-                 break;
-            }
-            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                break;
-            if ((((c1 & 0x0Fu) << 12) | ((c2 & 0x3Fu) << 6) | (c3 & 0x3Fu)) > Maxcode)
-                break;
-            frm_nxt += 3;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xF5)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4)
-                break;
-            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2];
-            uint8_t c4 = frm_nxt[3];
-            switch (c1)
-            {
-            case 0xF0:
-                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF))
-                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-                 break;
-            case 0xF4:
-                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80)
-                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-                 break;
-            default:
-                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-                 break;
-            }
-            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                break;
-            if ((((c1 & 0x07u) << 18) | ((c2 & 0x3Fu) << 12) |
-                 ((c3 & 0x3Fu) << 6)  |  (c4 & 0x3Fu)) > Maxcode)
-                break;
-            frm_nxt += 4;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-}
-
-static
-codecvt_base::result
-ucs2_to_utf8(const uint16_t* frm, const uint16_t* frm_end, const uint16_t*& frm_nxt,
-             uint8_t* to, uint8_t* to_end, uint8_t*& to_nxt,
-             unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    if (mode & generate_header)
-    {
-        if (to_end-to_nxt < 3)
-            return codecvt_base::partial;
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xEF);
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xBB);
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xBF);
-    }
-    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt)
-    {
-        uint16_t wc = *frm_nxt;
-        if ((wc & 0xF800) == 0xD800 || wc > Maxcode)
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        if (wc < 0x0080)
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 1)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc);
-        }
-        else if (wc < 0x0800)
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xC0 | (wc >> 6));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | (wc & 0x03F));
-        }
-        else // if (wc <= 0xFFFF)
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xE0 |  (wc >> 12));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc & 0x0FC0) >> 6));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc & 0x003F));
-        }
-    }
-    return codecvt_base::ok;
-}
-
-static
-codecvt_base::result
-utf8_to_ucs2(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, const uint8_t*& frm_nxt,
-             uint16_t* to, uint16_t* to_end, uint16_t*& to_nxt,
-             unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    if (mode & consume_header)
-    {
-        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 3 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xEF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xBB &&
-                                                          frm_nxt[2] == 0xBF)
-            frm_nxt += 3;
-    }
-    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt)
-    {
-        uint8_t c1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(*frm_nxt);
-        if (c1 < 0x80)
-        {
-            if (c1 > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint16_t>(c1);
-            ++frm_nxt;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xC2)
-        {
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xE0)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>(((c1 & 0x1F) << 6)
-                                              | (c2 & 0x3F));
-            if (t > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = t;
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xF0)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2];
-            switch (c1)
-            {
-            case 0xE0:
-                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            case 0xED:
-                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            default:
-                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                    return codecvt_base::error;
-                 break;
-            }
-            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>(((c1 & 0x0F) << 12)
-                                             | ((c2 & 0x3F) << 6)
-                                             |  (c3 & 0x3F));
-            if (t > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = t;
-            frm_nxt += 3;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        }
-    }
-    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok;
-}
-
-static
-int
-utf8_to_ucs2_length(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end,
-                    size_t mx, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF,
-                    codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    const uint8_t* frm_nxt = frm;
-    if (mode & consume_header)
-    {
-        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 3 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xEF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xBB &&
-                                                          frm_nxt[2] == 0xBF)
-            frm_nxt += 3;
-    }
-    for (size_t nchar32_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end && nchar32_t < mx; ++nchar32_t)
-    {
-        uint8_t c1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(*frm_nxt);
-        if (c1 < 0x80)
-        {
-            if (c1 > Maxcode)
-                break;
-            ++frm_nxt;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xC2)
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xE0)
-        {
-            if ((frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) || ((frm_nxt[1] & 0xC0) != 0x80))
-                break;
-            if ((((c1 & 0x1Fu) << 6) | (frm_nxt[1] & 0x3Fu)) > Maxcode)
-                break;
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-        }
-        else if (c1 < 0xF0)
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3)
-                break;
-            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1];
-            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2];
-            switch (c1)
-            {
-            case 0xE0:
-                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0)
-                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-                break;
-            case 0xED:
-                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80)
-                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-                 break;
-            default:
-                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-                 break;
-            }
-            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80)
-                break;
-            if ((((c1 & 0x0Fu) << 12) | ((c2 & 0x3Fu) << 6) | (c3 & 0x3Fu)) > Maxcode)
-                break;
-            frm_nxt += 3;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-}
-
-static
-codecvt_base::result
-ucs4_to_utf16be(const uint32_t* frm, const uint32_t* frm_end, const uint32_t*& frm_nxt,
-                uint8_t* to, uint8_t* to_end, uint8_t*& to_nxt,
-                unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    if (mode & generate_header)
-    {
-        if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
-            return codecvt_base::partial;
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFE);
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFF);
-    }
-    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt)
-    {
-        uint32_t wc = *frm_nxt;
-        if ((wc & 0xFFFFF800) == 0x00D800 || wc > Maxcode)
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        if (wc < 0x010000)
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc >> 8);
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 4)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>(
-                    0xD800
-                  | ((((wc & 0x1F0000) >> 16) - 1) << 6)
-                  |   ((wc & 0x00FC00) >> 10));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(t >> 8);
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(t);
-            t = static_cast<uint16_t>(0xDC00 | (wc & 0x03FF));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(t >> 8);
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(t);
-        }
-    }
-    return codecvt_base::ok;
-}
-
-static
-codecvt_base::result
-utf16be_to_ucs4(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, const uint8_t*& frm_nxt,
-                uint32_t* to, uint32_t* to_end, uint32_t*& to_nxt,
-                unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    if (mode & consume_header)
-    {
-        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 2 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xFE && frm_nxt[1] == 0xFF)
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-    }
-    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end - 1 && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt)
-    {
-        uint16_t c1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[0] << 8 | frm_nxt[1]);
-        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00)
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) != 0xD800)
-        {
-            if (c1 > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint32_t>(c1);
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint16_t c2 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[2] << 8 | frm_nxt[3]);
-            if ((c2 & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            uint32_t t = static_cast<uint32_t>(
-                    ((((c1 & 0x03C0) >> 6) + 1) << 16)
-                  |   ((c1 & 0x003F) << 10)
-                  |    (c2 & 0x03FF));
-            if (t > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = t;
-            frm_nxt += 4;
-        }
-    }
-    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok;
-}
-
-static
-int
-utf16be_to_ucs4_length(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end,
-                       size_t mx, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF,
-                       codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    const uint8_t* frm_nxt = frm;
-    if (mode & consume_header)
-    {
-        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 2 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xFE && frm_nxt[1] == 0xFF)
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-    }
-    for (size_t nchar32_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end - 1 && nchar32_t < mx; ++nchar32_t)
-    {
-        uint16_t c1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[0] << 8 | frm_nxt[1]);
-        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00)
-            break;
-        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) != 0xD800)
-        {
-            if (c1 > Maxcode)
-                break;
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4)
-                break;
-            uint16_t c2 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[2] << 8 | frm_nxt[3]);
-            if ((c2 & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00)
-                break;
-            uint32_t t = static_cast<uint32_t>(
-                    ((((c1 & 0x03C0) >> 6) + 1) << 16)
-                  |   ((c1 & 0x003F) << 10)
-                  |    (c2 & 0x03FF));
-            if (t > Maxcode)
-                break;
-            frm_nxt += 4;
-        }
-    }
-    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-}
-
-static
-codecvt_base::result
-ucs4_to_utf16le(const uint32_t* frm, const uint32_t* frm_end, const uint32_t*& frm_nxt,
-                uint8_t* to, uint8_t* to_end, uint8_t*& to_nxt,
-                unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    if (mode & generate_header)
-    {
-        if (to_end - to_nxt < 2)
-            return codecvt_base::partial;
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFF);
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFE);
-    }
-    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt)
-    {
-        uint32_t wc = *frm_nxt;
-        if ((wc & 0xFFFFF800) == 0x00D800 || wc > Maxcode)
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        if (wc < 0x010000)
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc);
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc >> 8);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (to_end-to_nxt < 4)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>(
-                    0xD800
-                  | ((((wc & 0x1F0000) >> 16) - 1) << 6)
-                  |   ((wc & 0x00FC00) >> 10));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(t);
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(t >> 8);
-            t = static_cast<uint16_t>(0xDC00 | (wc & 0x03FF));
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(t);
-            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(t >> 8);
-        }
-    }
-    return codecvt_base::ok;
-}
-
-static
-codecvt_base::result
-utf16le_to_ucs4(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, const uint8_t*& frm_nxt,
-                uint32_t* to, uint32_t* to_end, uint32_t*& to_nxt,
-                unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    if (mode & consume_header)
-    {
-        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 2 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xFF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xFE)
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-    }
-    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end - 1 && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt)
-    {
-        uint16_t c1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[1] << 8 | frm_nxt[0]);
-        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00)
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) != 0xD800)
-        {
-            if (c1 > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint32_t>(c1);
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4)
-                return codecvt_base::partial;
-            uint16_t c2 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[3] << 8 | frm_nxt[2]);
-            if ((c2 & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            uint32_t t = static_cast<uint32_t>(
-                    ((((c1 & 0x03C0) >> 6) + 1) << 16)
-                  |   ((c1 & 0x003F) << 10)
-                  |    (c2 & 0x03FF));
-            if (t > Maxcode)
-                return codecvt_base::error;
-            *to_nxt = t;
-            frm_nxt += 4;
-        }
-    }
-    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok;
-}
-
-static
-int
-utf16le_to_ucs4_length(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end,
-                       size_t mx, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF,
-                       codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    const uint8_t* frm_nxt = frm;
-    if (mode & consume_header)
-    {
-        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 2 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xFF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xFE)
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-    }
-    for (size_t nchar32_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end - 1 && nchar32_t < mx; ++nchar32_t)
-    {
-        uint16_t c1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[1] << 8 | frm_nxt[0]);
-        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00)
-            break;
-        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) != 0xD800)
-        {
-            if (c1 > Maxcode)
-                break;
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4)
-                break;
-            uint16_t c2 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[3] << 8 | frm_nxt[2]);
-            if ((c2 & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00)
-                break;
-            uint32_t t = static_cast<uint32_t>(
-                    ((((c1 & 0x03C0) >> 6) + 1) << 16)
-                  |   ((c1 & 0x003F) << 10)
-                  |    (c2 & 0x03FF));
-            if (t > Maxcode)
-                break;
-            frm_nxt += 4;
-        }
-    }
-    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-}
-
-static
-codecvt_base::result
-ucs2_to_utf16be(const uint16_t* frm, const uint16_t* frm_end, const uint16_t*& frm_nxt,
-                uint8_t* to, uint8_t* to_end, uint8_t*& to_nxt,
-                unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    if (mode & generate_header)
-    {
-        if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
-            return codecvt_base::partial;
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFE);
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFF);
-    }
-    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt)
-    {
-        uint16_t wc = *frm_nxt;
-        if ((wc & 0xF800) == 0xD800 || wc > Maxcode)
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
-            return codecvt_base::partial;
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc >> 8);
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc);
-    }
-    return codecvt_base::ok;
-}
-
-static
-codecvt_base::result
-utf16be_to_ucs2(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, const uint8_t*& frm_nxt,
-                uint16_t* to, uint16_t* to_end, uint16_t*& to_nxt,
-                unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    if (mode & consume_header)
-    {
-        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 2 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xFE && frm_nxt[1] == 0xFF)
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-    }
-    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end - 1 && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt)
-    {
-        uint16_t c1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[0] << 8 | frm_nxt[1]);
-        if ((c1 & 0xF800) == 0xD800 || c1 > Maxcode)
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        *to_nxt = c1;
-        frm_nxt += 2;
-    }
-    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok;
-}
-
-static
-int
-utf16be_to_ucs2_length(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end,
-                       size_t mx, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF,
-                       codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    const uint8_t* frm_nxt = frm;
-    if (mode & consume_header)
-    {
-        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 2 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xFE && frm_nxt[1] == 0xFF)
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-    }
-    for (size_t nchar16_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end - 1 && nchar16_t < mx; ++nchar16_t)
-    {
-        uint16_t c1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[0] << 8 | frm_nxt[1]);
-        if ((c1 & 0xF800) == 0xD800 || c1 > Maxcode)
-            break;
-        frm_nxt += 2;
-    }
-    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-}
-
-static
-codecvt_base::result
-ucs2_to_utf16le(const uint16_t* frm, const uint16_t* frm_end, const uint16_t*& frm_nxt,
-                uint8_t* to, uint8_t* to_end, uint8_t*& to_nxt,
-                unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    if (mode & generate_header)
-    {
-        if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
-            return codecvt_base::partial;
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFF);
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFE);
-    }
-    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt)
-    {
-        uint16_t wc = *frm_nxt;
-        if ((wc & 0xF800) == 0xD800 || wc > Maxcode)
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        if (to_end-to_nxt < 2)
-            return codecvt_base::partial;
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc);
-        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc >> 8);
-    }
-    return codecvt_base::ok;
-}
-
-static
-codecvt_base::result
-utf16le_to_ucs2(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, const uint8_t*& frm_nxt,
-                uint16_t* to, uint16_t* to_end, uint16_t*& to_nxt,
-                unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    to_nxt = to;
-    if (mode & consume_header)
-    {
-        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 2 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xFF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xFE)
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-    }
-    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end - 1 && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt)
-    {
-        uint16_t c1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[1] << 8 | frm_nxt[0]);
-        if ((c1 & 0xF800) == 0xD800 || c1 > Maxcode)
-            return codecvt_base::error;
-        *to_nxt = c1;
-        frm_nxt += 2;
-    }
-    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok;
-}
-
-static
-int
-utf16le_to_ucs2_length(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end,
-                       size_t mx, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF,
-                       codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0))
-{
-    const uint8_t* frm_nxt = frm;
-    frm_nxt = frm;
-    if (mode & consume_header)
-    {
-        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 2 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xFF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xFE)
-            frm_nxt += 2;
-    }
-    for (size_t nchar16_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end - 1 && nchar16_t < mx; ++nchar16_t)
-    {
-        uint16_t c1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[1] << 8 | frm_nxt[0]);
-        if ((c1 & 0xF800) == 0xD800 || c1 > Maxcode)
-            break;
-        frm_nxt += 2;
-    }
-    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm);
-}
-
-// template <> class codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>
-
-locale::id codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::id;
-
-codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::~codecvt()
-{
-}
-
-codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to);
-    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end);
-    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf16_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to);
-    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end);
-    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf8_to_utf16(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    return utf8_to_utf16_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx);
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-    return 4;
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T
-
-// template <> class codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>
-
-locale::id codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::id;
-
-codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::~codecvt()
-{
-}
-
-codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to);
-    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end);
-    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf16_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to);
-    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end);
-    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf8_to_utf16(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    return utf8_to_utf16_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx);
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-    return 4;
-}
-
-#endif
-
-// template <> class codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>
-
-locale::id codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::id;
-
-codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::~codecvt()
-{
-}
-
-codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to);
-    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end);
-    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = ucs4_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to);
-    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end);
-    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf8_to_ucs4(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    return utf8_to_ucs4_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx);
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-    return 4;
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T
-
-// template <> class codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>
-
-locale::id codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::id;
-
-codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::~codecvt()
-{
-}
-
-codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to);
-    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end);
-    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = ucs4_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to);
-    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end);
-    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf8_to_ucs4(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::result
-codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    return utf8_to_ucs4_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx);
-}
-
-int
-codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-    return 4;
-}
-
-#endif
-
-// __codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-#else
-    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-#endif
-    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to);
-    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end);
-    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    result r = ucs2_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                            _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#else
-    result r = ucs4_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                            _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#endif
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to);
-    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end);
-    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf8_to_ucs2(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                            _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#else
-    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to);
-    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end);
-    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf8_to_ucs4(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                            _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#endif
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    return utf8_to_ucs2_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#else
-    return utf8_to_ucs4_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#endif
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    if (_Mode_ & consume_header)
-        return 6;
-    return 3;
-#else
-    if (_Mode_ & consume_header)
-        return 7;
-    return 4;
-#endif
-}
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-
-// __codecvt_utf8<char16_t>
-
-__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to);
-    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end);
-    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = ucs2_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                            _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to);
-    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end);
-    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf8_to_ucs2(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                            _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    return utf8_to_ucs2_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-    if (_Mode_ & consume_header)
-        return 6;
-    return 3;
-}
-
-// __codecvt_utf8<char32_t>
-
-__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to);
-    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end);
-    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = ucs4_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                            _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to);
-    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end);
-    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf8_to_ucs4(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                            _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    return utf8_to_ucs4_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-    if (_Mode_ & consume_header)
-        return 7;
-    return 4;
-}
-
-// __codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-#else
-    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-#endif
-    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to);
-    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end);
-    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    result r = ucs2_to_utf16be(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#else
-    result r = ucs4_to_utf16be(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#endif
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to);
-    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end);
-    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf16be_to_ucs2(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#else
-    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to);
-    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end);
-    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf16be_to_ucs4(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#endif
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    return utf16be_to_ucs2_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#else
-    return utf16be_to_ucs4_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#endif
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    if (_Mode_ & consume_header)
-        return 4;
-    return 2;
-#else
-    if (_Mode_ & consume_header)
-        return 6;
-    return 4;
-#endif
-}
-
-// __codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>
-
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-#else
-    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-#endif
-    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to);
-    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end);
-    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    result r = ucs2_to_utf16le(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#else
-    result r = ucs4_to_utf16le(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#endif
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to);
-    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end);
-    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf16le_to_ucs2(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#else
-    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to);
-    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end);
-    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf16le_to_ucs4(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#endif
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    return utf16le_to_ucs2_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#else
-    return utf16le_to_ucs4_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#endif
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    if (_Mode_ & consume_header)
-        return 4;
-    return 2;
-#else
-    if (_Mode_ & consume_header)
-        return 6;
-    return 4;
-#endif
-}
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-
-// __codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>
-
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to);
-    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end);
-    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = ucs2_to_utf16be(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to);
-    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end);
-    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf16be_to_ucs2(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    return utf16be_to_ucs2_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-    if (_Mode_ & consume_header)
-        return 4;
-    return 2;
-}
-
-// __codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>
-
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to);
-    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end);
-    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = ucs2_to_utf16le(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to);
-    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end);
-    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf16le_to_ucs2(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    return utf16le_to_ucs2_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-    if (_Mode_ & consume_header)
-        return 4;
-    return 2;
-}
-
-// __codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>
-
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to);
-    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end);
-    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = ucs4_to_utf16be(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to);
-    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end);
-    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf16be_to_ucs4(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    return utf16be_to_ucs4_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-    if (_Mode_ & consume_header)
-        return 6;
-    return 4;
-}
-
-// __codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>
-
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-#else
-    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-#endif
-    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to);
-    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end);
-    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    result r = ucs2_to_utf16le(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#else
-    result r = ucs4_to_utf16le(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-#endif
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to);
-    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end);
-    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf16le_to_ucs4(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::result
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    return utf16le_to_ucs4_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-    if (_Mode_ & consume_header)
-        return 6;
-    return 4;
-}
-
-// __codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-#else
-    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-#endif
-    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to);
-    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end);
-    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf16_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                             _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to);
-    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end);
-    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-#else
-    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to);
-    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end);
-    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-#endif
-    result r = utf8_to_utf16(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                             _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    return utf8_to_utf16_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-    if (_Mode_ & consume_header)
-        return 7;
-    return 4;
-}
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-
-// __codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>
-
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to);
-    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end);
-    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf16_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                             _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to);
-    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end);
-    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf8_to_utf16(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                             _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    return utf8_to_utf16_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-    if (_Mode_ & consume_header)
-        return 7;
-    return 4;
-}
-
-// __codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>
-
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::do_out(state_type&,
-    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to);
-    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end);
-    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-    result r = utf16_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                             _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::do_in(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt,
-    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm;
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR)
-    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to);
-    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end);
-    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-#else
-    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to);
-    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end);
-    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to;
-#endif
-    result r = utf8_to_utf16(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt,
-                             _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm);
-    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to);
-    return r;
-}
-
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::result
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::do_unshift(state_type&,
-    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const
-{
-    to_nxt = to;
-    return noconv;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept
-{
-    return 0;
-}
-
-bool
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept
-{
-    return false;
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::do_length(state_type&,
-    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const
-{
-    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm);
-    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end);
-    return utf8_to_utf16_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_);
-}
-
-int
-__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept
-{
-    if (_Mode_ & consume_header)
-        return 7;
-    return 4;
-}
-
-// __narrow_to_utf8<16>
-
-__narrow_to_utf8<16>::~__narrow_to_utf8()
-{
-}
-
-// __narrow_to_utf8<32>
-
-__narrow_to_utf8<32>::~__narrow_to_utf8()
-{
-}
-
-// __widen_from_utf8<16>
-
-__widen_from_utf8<16>::~__widen_from_utf8()
-{
-}
-
-// __widen_from_utf8<32>
-
-__widen_from_utf8<32>::~__widen_from_utf8()
-{
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-static bool checked_string_to_wchar_convert(wchar_t& dest,
-                                            const char* ptr,
-                                            locale_t loc) {
-  if (*ptr == '\0')
-    return false;
-  mbstate_t mb = {};
-  wchar_t out;
-  size_t ret = __libcpp_mbrtowc_l(&out, ptr, strlen(ptr), &mb, loc);
-  if (ret == static_cast<size_t>(-1) || ret == static_cast<size_t>(-2)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  dest = out;
-  return true;
-}
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-
-static bool checked_string_to_char_convert(char& dest,
-                                           const char* ptr,
-                                           locale_t __loc) {
-  if (*ptr == '\0')
-    return false;
-  if (!ptr[1]) {
-    dest = *ptr;
-    return true;
-  }
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-  // First convert the MBS into a wide char then attempt to narrow it using
-  // wctob_l.
-  wchar_t wout;
-  if (!checked_string_to_wchar_convert(wout, ptr, __loc))
-    return false;
-  int res;
-  if ((res = __libcpp_wctob_l(wout, __loc)) != char_traits<char>::eof()) {
-    dest = res;
-    return true;
-  }
-  // FIXME: Work around specific multibyte sequences that we can reasonably
-  // translate into a different single byte.
-  switch (wout) {
-  case L'\u202F': // narrow non-breaking space
-  case L'\u00A0': // non-breaking space
-    dest = ' ';
-    return true;
-  default:
-    return false;
-  }
-#else // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-  return false;
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-  _LIBCPP_UNREACHABLE();
-}
-
-
-// numpunct<char> && numpunct<wchar_t>
-
-locale::id numpunct< char  >::id;
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-locale::id numpunct<wchar_t>::id;
-#endif
-
-numpunct<char>::numpunct(size_t refs)
-    : locale::facet(refs),
-      __decimal_point_('.'),
-      __thousands_sep_(',')
-{
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-numpunct<wchar_t>::numpunct(size_t refs)
-    : locale::facet(refs),
-      __decimal_point_(L'.'),
-      __thousands_sep_(L',')
-{
-}
-#endif
-
-numpunct<char>::~numpunct()
-{
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-numpunct<wchar_t>::~numpunct()
-{
-}
-#endif
-
- char   numpunct< char  >::do_decimal_point() const {return __decimal_point_;}
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-wchar_t numpunct<wchar_t>::do_decimal_point() const {return __decimal_point_;}
-#endif
-
- char   numpunct< char  >::do_thousands_sep() const {return __thousands_sep_;}
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-wchar_t numpunct<wchar_t>::do_thousands_sep() const {return __thousands_sep_;}
-#endif
-
-string numpunct< char  >::do_grouping() const {return __grouping_;}
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-string numpunct<wchar_t>::do_grouping() const {return __grouping_;}
-#endif
-
- string numpunct< char  >::do_truename() const {return "true";}
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-wstring numpunct<wchar_t>::do_truename() const {return L"true";}
-#endif
-
- string numpunct< char  >::do_falsename() const {return "false";}
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-wstring numpunct<wchar_t>::do_falsename() const {return L"false";}
-#endif
-
-// numpunct_byname<char>
-
-numpunct_byname<char>::numpunct_byname(const char* nm, size_t refs)
-    : numpunct<char>(refs)
-{
-    __init(nm);
-}
-
-numpunct_byname<char>::numpunct_byname(const string& nm, size_t refs)
-    : numpunct<char>(refs)
-{
-    __init(nm.c_str());
-}
-
-numpunct_byname<char>::~numpunct_byname()
-{
-}
-
-void
-numpunct_byname<char>::__init(const char* nm)
-{
-    typedef numpunct<char> base;
-    if (strcmp(nm, "C") != 0)
-    {
-        __libcpp_unique_locale loc(nm);
-        if (!loc)
-            __throw_runtime_error("numpunct_byname<char>::numpunct_byname"
-                                " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
-
-        lconv* lc = __libcpp_localeconv_l(loc.get());
-        if (!checked_string_to_char_convert(__decimal_point_, lc->decimal_point,
-                                            loc.get()))
-            __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point();
-        if (!checked_string_to_char_convert(__thousands_sep_, lc->thousands_sep,
-                                            loc.get()))
-            __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep();
-        __grouping_ = lc->grouping;
-        // localization for truename and falsename is not available
-    }
-}
-
-// numpunct_byname<wchar_t>
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::numpunct_byname(const char* nm, size_t refs)
-    : numpunct<wchar_t>(refs)
-{
-    __init(nm);
-}
-
-numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::numpunct_byname(const string& nm, size_t refs)
-    : numpunct<wchar_t>(refs)
-{
-    __init(nm.c_str());
-}
-
-numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::~numpunct_byname()
-{
-}
-
-void
-numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::__init(const char* nm)
-{
-    if (strcmp(nm, "C") != 0)
-    {
-        __libcpp_unique_locale loc(nm);
-        if (!loc)
-            __throw_runtime_error("numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::numpunct_byname"
-                                " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
-
-        lconv* lc = __libcpp_localeconv_l(loc.get());
-        checked_string_to_wchar_convert(__decimal_point_, lc->decimal_point,
-                                        loc.get());
-        checked_string_to_wchar_convert(__thousands_sep_, lc->thousands_sep,
-                                        loc.get());
-        __grouping_ = lc->grouping;
-        // localization for truename and falsename is not available
-    }
-}
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-
-// num_get helpers
-
-int
-__num_get_base::__get_base(ios_base& iob)
-{
-    ios_base::fmtflags __basefield = iob.flags() & ios_base::basefield;
-    if (__basefield == ios_base::oct)
-        return 8;
-    else if (__basefield == ios_base::hex)
-        return 16;
-    else if (__basefield == 0)
-        return 0;
-    return 10;
-}
-
-const char __num_get_base::__src[33] = "0123456789abcdefABCDEFxX+-pPiInN";
-
-void
-__check_grouping(const string& __grouping, unsigned* __g, unsigned* __g_end,
-                 ios_base::iostate& __err)
-{
-//  if the grouping pattern is empty _or_ there are no grouping bits, then do nothing
-//  we always have at least a single entry in [__g, __g_end); the end of the input sequence
+// 
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 
+ 
+// On Solaris, we need to define something to make the C99 parts of localeconv 
+// visible. 
+#ifdef __sun__ 
+#define _LCONV_C99 
+#endif 
+ 
+#include "clocale" 
+#include "codecvt" 
+#include "cstdio" 
+#include "cstdlib" 
+#include "cstring" 
+#include "locale" 
+#include "string" 
+#include "type_traits" 
+#include "typeinfo" 
+#include "vector" 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+#   include "cwctype" 
+#endif 
+ 
+#if defined(_AIX) 
+#   include <sys/localedef.h> // for __lc_ctype_ptr 
+#endif 
+ 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) 
+#    define _CTYPE_DISABLE_MACROS 
+#endif 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__) 
+#    include "__support/win32/locale_win32.h" 
+#elif !defined(__BIONIC__) && !defined(__NuttX__) 
+#    include <langinfo.h> 
+#endif 
+ 
+#include "atomic" 
+#include "include/sso_allocator.h" 
+#include "__undef_macros" 
+ 
+// On Linux, wint_t and wchar_t have different signed-ness, and this causes 
+// lots of noise in the build log, but no bugs that I know of. 
+#if defined(__clang__) 
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion" 
+#endif 
+ 
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD 
+ 
+struct __libcpp_unique_locale { 
+  __libcpp_unique_locale(const char* nm) : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0)) {} 
+ 
+  ~__libcpp_unique_locale() { 
+    if (__loc_) 
+      freelocale(__loc_); 
+  } 
+ 
+  explicit operator bool() const { return __loc_; } 
+ 
+  locale_t& get() { return __loc_; } 
+ 
+  locale_t __loc_; 
+private: 
+  __libcpp_unique_locale(__libcpp_unique_locale const&); 
+  __libcpp_unique_locale& operator=(__libcpp_unique_locale const&); 
+}; 
+ 
+#ifdef __cloc_defined 
+locale_t __cloc() { 
+  // In theory this could create a race condition. In practice 
+  // the race condition is non-fatal since it will just create 
+  // a little resource leak. Better approach would be appreciated. 
+  static locale_t result = newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, "C", 0); 
+  return result; 
+} 
+#endif // __cloc_defined 
+ 
+namespace { 
+ 
+struct release 
+{ 
+    void operator()(locale::facet* p) {p->__release_shared();} 
+}; 
+ 
+template <class T, class ...Args> 
+T& make(Args ...args) 
+{ 
+    static typename aligned_storage<sizeof(T)>::type buf; 
+    auto *obj = ::new (&buf) T(args...); 
+    return *obj; 
+} 
+ 
+template <typename T, size_t N> 
+inline 
+_LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR 
+size_t 
+countof(const T (&)[N]) 
+{ 
+    return N; 
+} 
+ 
+template <typename T> 
+inline 
+_LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR 
+size_t 
+countof(const T * const begin, const T * const end) 
+{ 
+    return static_cast<size_t>(end - begin); 
+} 
+ 
+_LIBCPP_NORETURN static void __throw_runtime_error(const string &msg) 
+{ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS 
+    throw runtime_error(msg); 
+#else 
+    (void)msg; 
+    _VSTD::abort(); 
+#endif 
+} 
+ 
+} 
+ 
+#if defined(_AIX) 
+// Set priority to INT_MIN + 256 + 150 
+# pragma priority ( -2147483242 ) 
+#endif 
+ 
+const locale::category locale::none; 
+const locale::category locale::collate; 
+const locale::category locale::ctype; 
+const locale::category locale::monetary; 
+const locale::category locale::numeric; 
+const locale::category locale::time; 
+const locale::category locale::messages; 
+const locale::category locale::all; 
+ 
+class _LIBCPP_HIDDEN locale::__imp 
+    : public facet 
+{ 
+    enum {N = 30}; 
+    vector<facet*, __sso_allocator<facet*, N> > facets_; 
+    string         name_; 
+public: 
+    explicit __imp(size_t refs = 0); 
+    explicit __imp(const string& name, size_t refs = 0); 
+    __imp(const __imp&); 
+    __imp(const __imp&, const string&, locale::category c); 
+    __imp(const __imp& other, const __imp& one, locale::category c); 
+    __imp(const __imp&, facet* f, long id); 
+    ~__imp(); 
+ 
+    const string& name() const {return name_;} 
+    bool has_facet(long id) const 
+        {return static_cast<size_t>(id) < facets_.size() && facets_[static_cast<size_t>(id)];} 
+    const locale::facet* use_facet(long id) const; 
+ 
+    static const locale& make_classic(); 
+    static       locale& make_global(); 
+private: 
+    void install(facet* f, long id); 
+    template <class F> void install(F* f) {install(f, f->id.__get());} 
+    template <class F> void install_from(const __imp& other); 
+}; 
+ 
+locale::__imp::__imp(size_t refs) 
+    : facet(refs), 
+      facets_(N), 
+      name_("C") 
+{ 
+    facets_.clear(); 
+    install(&make<_VSTD::collate<char> >(1u)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+    install(&make<_VSTD::collate<wchar_t> >(1u)); 
+#endif 
+    install(&make<_VSTD::ctype<char> >(nullptr, false, 1u)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+    install(&make<_VSTD::ctype<wchar_t> >(1u)); 
+#endif 
+    install(&make<codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> >(1u)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+    install(&make<codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> >(1u)); 
+#endif 
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH 
+    install(&make<codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t> >(1u)); 
+    install(&make<codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t> >(1u)); 
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T 
+    install(&make<codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t> >(1u)); 
+    install(&make<codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t> >(1u)); 
+#endif 
+    install(&make<numpunct<char> >(1u)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+    install(&make<numpunct<wchar_t> >(1u)); 
+#endif 
+    install(&make<num_get<char> >(1u)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+    install(&make<num_get<wchar_t> >(1u)); 
+#endif 
+    install(&make<num_put<char> >(1u)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+    install(&make<num_put<wchar_t> >(1u)); 
+#endif 
+    install(&make<moneypunct<char, false> >(1u)); 
+    install(&make<moneypunct<char, true> >(1u)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+    install(&make<moneypunct<wchar_t, false> >(1u)); 
+    install(&make<moneypunct<wchar_t, true> >(1u)); 
+#endif 
+    install(&make<money_get<char> >(1u)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+    install(&make<money_get<wchar_t> >(1u)); 
+#endif 
+    install(&make<money_put<char> >(1u)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+    install(&make<money_put<wchar_t> >(1u)); 
+#endif 
+    install(&make<time_get<char> >(1u)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+    install(&make<time_get<wchar_t> >(1u)); 
+#endif 
+    install(&make<time_put<char> >(1u)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+    install(&make<time_put<wchar_t> >(1u)); 
+#endif 
+    install(&make<_VSTD::messages<char> >(1u)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+    install(&make<_VSTD::messages<wchar_t> >(1u)); 
+#endif 
+} 
+ 
+locale::__imp::__imp(const string& name, size_t refs) 
+    : facet(refs), 
+      facets_(N), 
+      name_(name) 
+{ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS 
+    try 
+    { 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS 
+        facets_ = locale::classic().__locale_->facets_; 
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i) 
+            if (facets_[i]) 
+                facets_[i]->__add_shared(); 
+        install(new collate_byname<char>(name_)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+        install(new collate_byname<wchar_t>(name_)); 
+#endif 
+        install(new ctype_byname<char>(name_)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+        install(new ctype_byname<wchar_t>(name_)); 
+#endif 
+        install(new codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>(name_)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+        install(new codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>(name_)); 
+#endif 
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH 
+        install(new codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>(name_)); 
+        install(new codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>(name_)); 
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T 
+        install(new codecvt_byname<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>(name_)); 
+        install(new codecvt_byname<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>(name_)); 
+#endif 
+        install(new numpunct_byname<char>(name_)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+        install(new numpunct_byname<wchar_t>(name_)); 
+#endif 
+        install(new moneypunct_byname<char, false>(name_)); 
+        install(new moneypunct_byname<char, true>(name_)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+        install(new moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>(name_)); 
+        install(new moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>(name_)); 
+#endif 
+        install(new time_get_byname<char>(name_)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+        install(new time_get_byname<wchar_t>(name_)); 
+#endif 
+        install(new time_put_byname<char>(name_)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+        install(new time_put_byname<wchar_t>(name_)); 
+#endif 
+        install(new messages_byname<char>(name_)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+        install(new messages_byname<wchar_t>(name_)); 
+#endif 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS 
+    } 
+    catch (...) 
+    { 
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i) 
+            if (facets_[i]) 
+                facets_[i]->__release_shared(); 
+        throw; 
+    } 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS 
+} 
+ 
+locale::__imp::__imp(const __imp& other) 
+    : facets_(max<size_t>(N, other.facets_.size())), 
+      name_(other.name_) 
+{ 
+    facets_ = other.facets_; 
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i) 
+        if (facets_[i]) 
+            facets_[i]->__add_shared(); 
+} 
+ 
+locale::__imp::__imp(const __imp& other, const string& name, locale::category c) 
+    : facets_(N), 
+      name_("*") 
+{ 
+    facets_ = other.facets_; 
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i) 
+        if (facets_[i]) 
+            facets_[i]->__add_shared(); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS 
+    try 
+    { 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS 
+        if (c & locale::collate) 
+        { 
+            install(new collate_byname<char>(name)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install(new collate_byname<wchar_t>(name)); 
+#endif 
+        } 
+        if (c & locale::ctype) 
+        { 
+            install(new ctype_byname<char>(name)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install(new ctype_byname<wchar_t>(name)); 
+#endif 
+            install(new codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>(name)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install(new codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>(name)); 
+#endif 
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH 
+            install(new codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>(name)); 
+            install(new codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>(name)); 
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T 
+            install(new codecvt_byname<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>(name)); 
+            install(new codecvt_byname<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>(name)); 
+#endif 
+        } 
+        if (c & locale::monetary) 
+        { 
+            install(new moneypunct_byname<char, false>(name)); 
+            install(new moneypunct_byname<char, true>(name)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install(new moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>(name)); 
+            install(new moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>(name)); 
+#endif 
+        } 
+        if (c & locale::numeric) 
+        { 
+            install(new numpunct_byname<char>(name)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install(new numpunct_byname<wchar_t>(name)); 
+#endif 
+        } 
+        if (c & locale::time) 
+        { 
+            install(new time_get_byname<char>(name)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install(new time_get_byname<wchar_t>(name)); 
+#endif 
+            install(new time_put_byname<char>(name)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install(new time_put_byname<wchar_t>(name)); 
+#endif 
+        } 
+        if (c & locale::messages) 
+        { 
+            install(new messages_byname<char>(name)); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install(new messages_byname<wchar_t>(name)); 
+#endif 
+        } 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS 
+    } 
+    catch (...) 
+    { 
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i) 
+            if (facets_[i]) 
+                facets_[i]->__release_shared(); 
+        throw; 
+    } 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS 
+} 
+ 
+template<class F> 
+inline 
+void 
+locale::__imp::install_from(const locale::__imp& one) 
+{ 
+    long id = F::id.__get(); 
+    install(const_cast<F*>(static_cast<const F*>(one.use_facet(id))), id); 
+} 
+ 
+locale::__imp::__imp(const __imp& other, const __imp& one, locale::category c) 
+    : facets_(N), 
+      name_("*") 
+{ 
+    facets_ = other.facets_; 
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i) 
+        if (facets_[i]) 
+            facets_[i]->__add_shared(); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS 
+    try 
+    { 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS 
+        if (c & locale::collate) 
+        { 
+            install_from<_VSTD::collate<char> >(one); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install_from<_VSTD::collate<wchar_t> >(one); 
+#endif 
+        } 
+        if (c & locale::ctype) 
+        { 
+            install_from<_VSTD::ctype<char> >(one); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install_from<_VSTD::ctype<wchar_t> >(one); 
+#endif 
+            install_from<_VSTD::codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> >(one); 
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH 
+            install_from<_VSTD::codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t> >(one); 
+            install_from<_VSTD::codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t> >(one); 
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T 
+            install_from<_VSTD::codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t> >(one); 
+            install_from<_VSTD::codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t> >(one); 
+#endif 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install_from<_VSTD::codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> >(one); 
+#endif 
+        } 
+        if (c & locale::monetary) 
+        { 
+            install_from<moneypunct<char, false> >(one); 
+            install_from<moneypunct<char, true> >(one); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install_from<moneypunct<wchar_t, false> >(one); 
+            install_from<moneypunct<wchar_t, true> >(one); 
+#endif 
+            install_from<money_get<char> >(one); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install_from<money_get<wchar_t> >(one); 
+#endif 
+            install_from<money_put<char> >(one); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install_from<money_put<wchar_t> >(one); 
+#endif 
+        } 
+        if (c & locale::numeric) 
+        { 
+            install_from<numpunct<char> >(one); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install_from<numpunct<wchar_t> >(one); 
+#endif 
+            install_from<num_get<char> >(one); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install_from<num_get<wchar_t> >(one); 
+#endif 
+            install_from<num_put<char> >(one); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install_from<num_put<wchar_t> >(one); 
+#endif 
+        } 
+        if (c & locale::time) 
+        { 
+            install_from<time_get<char> >(one); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install_from<time_get<wchar_t> >(one); 
+#endif 
+            install_from<time_put<char> >(one); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install_from<time_put<wchar_t> >(one); 
+#endif 
+        } 
+        if (c & locale::messages) 
+        { 
+            install_from<_VSTD::messages<char> >(one); 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+            install_from<_VSTD::messages<wchar_t> >(one); 
+#endif 
+        } 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS 
+    } 
+    catch (...) 
+    { 
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i) 
+            if (facets_[i]) 
+                facets_[i]->__release_shared(); 
+        throw; 
+    } 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS 
+} 
+ 
+locale::__imp::__imp(const __imp& other, facet* f, long id) 
+    : facets_(max<size_t>(N, other.facets_.size()+1)), 
+      name_("*") 
+{ 
+    f->__add_shared(); 
+    unique_ptr<facet, release> hold(f); 
+    facets_ = other.facets_; 
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < other.facets_.size(); ++i) 
+        if (facets_[i]) 
+            facets_[i]->__add_shared(); 
+    install(hold.get(), id); 
+} 
+ 
+locale::__imp::~__imp() 
+{ 
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < facets_.size(); ++i) 
+        if (facets_[i]) 
+            facets_[i]->__release_shared(); 
+} 
+ 
+void 
+locale::__imp::install(facet* f, long id) 
+{ 
+    f->__add_shared(); 
+    unique_ptr<facet, release> hold(f); 
+    if (static_cast<size_t>(id) >= facets_.size()) 
+        facets_.resize(static_cast<size_t>(id+1)); 
+    if (facets_[static_cast<size_t>(id)]) 
+        facets_[static_cast<size_t>(id)]->__release_shared(); 
+    facets_[static_cast<size_t>(id)] = hold.release(); 
+} 
+ 
+const locale::facet* 
+locale::__imp::use_facet(long id) const 
+{ 
+    if (!has_facet(id)) 
+        __throw_bad_cast(); 
+    return facets_[static_cast<size_t>(id)]; 
+} 
+ 
+// locale 
+ 
+const locale& 
+locale::__imp::make_classic() 
+{ 
+    // only one thread can get in here and it only gets in once 
+    static aligned_storage<sizeof(locale)>::type buf; 
+    locale* c = reinterpret_cast<locale*>(&buf); 
+    c->__locale_ = &make<__imp>(1u); 
+    return *c; 
+} 
+ 
+const locale& 
+locale::classic() 
+{ 
+    static const locale& c = __imp::make_classic(); 
+    return c; 
+} 
+ 
+locale& 
+locale::__imp::make_global() 
+{ 
+    // only one thread can get in here and it only gets in once 
+    static aligned_storage<sizeof(locale)>::type buf; 
+    auto *obj = ::new (&buf) locale(locale::classic()); 
+    return *obj; 
+} 
+ 
+locale& 
+locale::__global() 
+{ 
+    static locale& g = __imp::make_global(); 
+    return g; 
+} 
+ 
+locale::locale() noexcept 
+    : __locale_(__global().__locale_) 
+{ 
+    __locale_->__add_shared(); 
+} 
+ 
+locale::locale(const locale& l) noexcept 
+    : __locale_(l.__locale_) 
+{ 
+    __locale_->__add_shared(); 
+} 
+ 
+locale::~locale() 
+{ 
+    __locale_->__release_shared(); 
+} 
+ 
+const locale& 
+locale::operator=(const locale& other) noexcept 
+{ 
+    other.__locale_->__add_shared(); 
+    __locale_->__release_shared(); 
+    __locale_ = other.__locale_; 
+    return *this; 
+} 
+ 
+locale::locale(const char* name) 
+    : __locale_(name ? new __imp(name) 
+                     : (__throw_runtime_error("locale constructed with null"), nullptr)) 
+{ 
+    __locale_->__add_shared(); 
+} 
+ 
+locale::locale(const string& name) 
+    : __locale_(new __imp(name)) 
+{ 
+    __locale_->__add_shared(); 
+} 
+ 
+locale::locale(const locale& other, const char* name, category c) 
+    : __locale_(name ? new __imp(*other.__locale_, name, c) 
+                     : (__throw_runtime_error("locale constructed with null"), nullptr)) 
+{ 
+    __locale_->__add_shared(); 
+} 
+ 
+locale::locale(const locale& other, const string& name, category c) 
+    : __locale_(new __imp(*other.__locale_, name, c)) 
+{ 
+    __locale_->__add_shared(); 
+} 
+ 
+locale::locale(const locale& other, const locale& one, category c) 
+    : __locale_(new __imp(*other.__locale_, *one.__locale_, c)) 
+{ 
+    __locale_->__add_shared(); 
+} 
+ 
+string 
+locale::name() const 
+{ 
+    return __locale_->name(); 
+} 
+ 
+void 
+locale::__install_ctor(const locale& other, facet* f, long id) 
+{ 
+    if (f) 
+        __locale_ = new __imp(*other.__locale_, f, id); 
+    else 
+        __locale_ = other.__locale_; 
+    __locale_->__add_shared(); 
+} 
+ 
+locale 
+locale::global(const locale& loc) 
+{ 
+    locale& g = __global(); 
+    locale r = g; 
+    g = loc; 
+    if (g.name() != "*") 
+        setlocale(LC_ALL, g.name().c_str()); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+locale::has_facet(id& x) const 
+{ 
+    return __locale_->has_facet(x.__get()); 
+} 
+ 
+const locale::facet* 
+locale::use_facet(id& x) const 
+{ 
+    return __locale_->use_facet(x.__get()); 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+locale::operator==(const locale& y) const 
+{ 
+    return (__locale_ == y.__locale_) 
+        || (__locale_->name() != "*" && __locale_->name() == y.__locale_->name()); 
+} 
+ 
+// locale::facet 
+ 
+locale::facet::~facet() 
+{ 
+} 
+ 
+void 
+locale::facet::__on_zero_shared() noexcept 
+{ 
+    delete this; 
+} 
+ 
+// locale::id 
+ 
+namespace 
+{ 
+ 
+class __fake_bind 
+{ 
+    locale::id* id_; 
+    void (locale::id::* pmf_)(); 
+public: 
+    __fake_bind(void (locale::id::* pmf)(), locale::id* id) 
+        : id_(id), pmf_(pmf) {} 
+ 
+    void operator()() const 
+    { 
+        (id_->*pmf_)(); 
+    } 
+}; 
+ 
+} 
+ 
+int32_t locale::id::__next_id; 
+ 
+long 
+locale::id::__get() 
+{ 
+    int32_t result = __id_.load(std::memory_order_acquire); 
+    if (result == 0) { 
+        static std::mutex m; 
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(m); 
+        result = __id_.load(std::memory_order_acquire); 
+        if (result == 0) { 
+            result = ++__next_id; 
+            __id_.store(result, std::memory_order_release); 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return result - 1; 
+} 
+ 
+// template <> class collate_byname<char> 
+ 
+collate_byname<char>::collate_byname(const char* n, size_t refs) 
+    : collate<char>(refs), 
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, n, 0)) 
+{ 
+    if (__l == 0) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("collate_byname<char>::collate_byname" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(n)); 
+} 
+ 
+collate_byname<char>::collate_byname(const string& name, size_t refs) 
+    : collate<char>(refs), 
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name.c_str(), 0)) 
+{ 
+    if (__l == 0) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("collate_byname<char>::collate_byname" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + name); 
+} 
+ 
+collate_byname<char>::~collate_byname() 
+{ 
+    freelocale(__l); 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+collate_byname<char>::do_compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1, 
+                                 const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const 
+{ 
+    string_type lhs(__lo1, __hi1); 
+    string_type rhs(__lo2, __hi2); 
+    int r = strcoll_l(lhs.c_str(), rhs.c_str(), __l); 
+    if (r < 0) 
+        return -1; 
+    if (r > 0) 
+        return 1; 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+collate_byname<char>::string_type 
+collate_byname<char>::do_transform(const char_type* lo, const char_type* hi) const 
+{ 
+    const string_type in(lo, hi); 
+    string_type out(strxfrm_l(0, in.c_str(), 0, __l), char()); 
+    strxfrm_l(const_cast<char*>(out.c_str()), in.c_str(), out.size()+1, __l); 
+    return out; 
+} 
+ 
+// template <> class collate_byname<wchar_t> 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::collate_byname(const char* n, size_t refs) 
+    : collate<wchar_t>(refs), 
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, n, 0)) 
+{ 
+    if (__l == 0) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("collate_byname<wchar_t>::collate_byname(size_t refs)" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(n)); 
+} 
+ 
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::collate_byname(const string& name, size_t refs) 
+    : collate<wchar_t>(refs), 
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name.c_str(), 0)) 
+{ 
+    if (__l == 0) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("collate_byname<wchar_t>::collate_byname(size_t refs)" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + name); 
+} 
+ 
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::~collate_byname() 
+{ 
+    freelocale(__l); 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::do_compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1, 
+                                 const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const 
+{ 
+    string_type lhs(__lo1, __hi1); 
+    string_type rhs(__lo2, __hi2); 
+    int r = wcscoll_l(lhs.c_str(), rhs.c_str(), __l); 
+    if (r < 0) 
+        return -1; 
+    if (r > 0) 
+        return 1; 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::string_type 
+collate_byname<wchar_t>::do_transform(const char_type* lo, const char_type* hi) const 
+{ 
+    const string_type in(lo, hi); 
+    string_type out(wcsxfrm_l(0, in.c_str(), 0, __l), wchar_t()); 
+    wcsxfrm_l(const_cast<wchar_t*>(out.c_str()), in.c_str(), out.size()+1, __l); 
+    return out; 
+} 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+ 
+const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::space; 
+const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::print; 
+const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::cntrl; 
+const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::upper; 
+const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::lower; 
+const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::alpha; 
+const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::digit; 
+const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::punct; 
+const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::xdigit; 
+const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::blank; 
+const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::alnum; 
+const ctype_base::mask ctype_base::graph; 
+ 
+// template <> class ctype<wchar_t>; 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+locale::id ctype<wchar_t>::id; 
+ 
+ctype<wchar_t>::~ctype() 
+{ 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_is(mask m, char_type c) const 
+{ 
+    return isascii(c) ? (ctype<char>::classic_table()[c] & m) != 0 : false; 
+} 
+ 
+const wchar_t* 
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_is(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, mask* vec) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++vec) 
+        *vec = static_cast<mask>(isascii(*low) ? 
+                                   ctype<char>::classic_table()[*low] : 0); 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+const wchar_t* 
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_scan_is(mask m, const char_type* low, const char_type* high) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low) 
+        if (isascii(*low) && (ctype<char>::classic_table()[*low] & m)) 
+            break; 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+const wchar_t* 
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_scan_not(mask m, const char_type* low, const char_type* high) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low) 
+        if (!(isascii(*low) && (ctype<char>::classic_table()[*low] & m))) 
+            break; 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+wchar_t 
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_toupper(char_type c) const 
+{ 
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_DEFAULTRUNELOCALE 
+    return isascii(c) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__mapupper[c] : c; 
+#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) || \ 
+      defined(__NetBSD__) 
+    return isascii(c) ? ctype<char>::__classic_upper_table()[c] : c; 
+#else 
+    return (isascii(c) && iswlower_l(c, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)) ? c-L'a'+L'A' : c; 
+#endif 
+} 
+ 
+const wchar_t* 
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_toupper(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low) 
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_DEFAULTRUNELOCALE 
+        *low = isascii(*low) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__mapupper[*low] : *low; 
+#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) || \ 
+      defined(__NetBSD__) 
+        *low = isascii(*low) ? ctype<char>::__classic_upper_table()[*low] 
+                             : *low; 
+#else 
+        *low = (isascii(*low) && islower_l(*low, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)) ? (*low-L'a'+L'A') : *low; 
+#endif 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+wchar_t 
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_tolower(char_type c) const 
+{ 
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_DEFAULTRUNELOCALE 
+    return isascii(c) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__maplower[c] : c; 
+#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) || \ 
+      defined(__NetBSD__) 
+    return isascii(c) ? ctype<char>::__classic_lower_table()[c] : c; 
+#else 
+    return (isascii(c) && isupper_l(c, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)) ? c-L'A'+'a' : c; 
+#endif 
+} 
+ 
+const wchar_t* 
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_tolower(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low) 
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_DEFAULTRUNELOCALE 
+        *low = isascii(*low) ? _DefaultRuneLocale.__maplower[*low] : *low; 
+#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) || \ 
+      defined(__NetBSD__) 
+        *low = isascii(*low) ? ctype<char>::__classic_lower_table()[*low] 
+                             : *low; 
+#else 
+        *low = (isascii(*low) && isupper_l(*low, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)) ? *low-L'A'+L'a' : *low; 
+#endif 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+wchar_t 
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_widen(char c) const 
+{ 
+    return c; 
+} 
+ 
+const char* 
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_widen(const char* low, const char* high, char_type* dest) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest) 
+        *dest = *low; 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+char 
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_narrow(char_type c, char dfault) const 
+{ 
+    if (isascii(c)) 
+        return static_cast<char>(c); 
+    return dfault; 
+} 
+ 
+const wchar_t* 
+ctype<wchar_t>::do_narrow(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, char dfault, char* dest) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest) 
+        if (isascii(*low)) 
+            *dest = static_cast<char>(*low); 
+        else 
+            *dest = dfault; 
+    return low; 
+} 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+ 
+// template <> class ctype<char>; 
+ 
+locale::id ctype<char>::id; 
+ 
+ctype<char>::ctype(const mask* tab, bool del, size_t refs) 
+    : locale::facet(refs), 
+      __tab_(tab), 
+      __del_(del) 
+{ 
+  if (__tab_ == 0) 
+      __tab_ = classic_table(); 
+} 
+ 
+ctype<char>::~ctype() 
+{ 
+    if (__tab_ && __del_) 
+        delete [] __tab_; 
+} 
+ 
+char 
+ctype<char>::do_toupper(char_type c) const 
+{ 
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_DEFAULTRUNELOCALE 
+    return isascii(c) ? 
+      static_cast<char>(_DefaultRuneLocale.__mapupper[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(c)]) : c; 
+#elif defined(__NetBSD__) 
+    return static_cast<char>(__classic_upper_table()[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)]); 
+#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) 
+    return isascii(c) ? 
+      static_cast<char>(__classic_upper_table()[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)]) : c; 
+#else 
+    return (isascii(c) && islower_l(c, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)) ? c-'a'+'A' : c; 
+#endif 
+} 
+ 
+const char* 
+ctype<char>::do_toupper(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low) 
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_DEFAULTRUNELOCALE 
+        *low = isascii(*low) ? 
+          static_cast<char>(_DefaultRuneLocale.__mapupper[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(*low)]) : *low; 
+#elif defined(__NetBSD__) 
+        *low = static_cast<char>(__classic_upper_table()[static_cast<unsigned char>(*low)]); 
+#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) 
+        *low = isascii(*low) ? 
+          static_cast<char>(__classic_upper_table()[static_cast<size_t>(*low)]) : *low; 
+#else 
+        *low = (isascii(*low) && islower_l(*low, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)) ? *low-'a'+'A' : *low; 
+#endif 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+char 
+ctype<char>::do_tolower(char_type c) const 
+{ 
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_DEFAULTRUNELOCALE 
+    return isascii(c) ? 
+      static_cast<char>(_DefaultRuneLocale.__maplower[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(c)]) : c; 
+#elif defined(__NetBSD__) 
+    return static_cast<char>(__classic_lower_table()[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)]); 
+#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) 
+    return isascii(c) ? 
+      static_cast<char>(__classic_lower_table()[static_cast<size_t>(c)]) : c; 
+#else 
+    return (isascii(c) && isupper_l(c, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)) ? c-'A'+'a' : c; 
+#endif 
+} 
+ 
+const char* 
+ctype<char>::do_tolower(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low) 
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_HAS_DEFAULTRUNELOCALE 
+        *low = isascii(*low) ? static_cast<char>(_DefaultRuneLocale.__maplower[static_cast<ptrdiff_t>(*low)]) : *low; 
+#elif defined(__NetBSD__) 
+        *low = static_cast<char>(__classic_lower_table()[static_cast<unsigned char>(*low)]); 
+#elif defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) 
+        *low = isascii(*low) ? static_cast<char>(__classic_lower_table()[static_cast<size_t>(*low)]) : *low; 
+#else 
+        *low = (isascii(*low) && isupper_l(*low, _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)) ? *low-'A'+'a' : *low; 
+#endif 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+char 
+ctype<char>::do_widen(char c) const 
+{ 
+    return c; 
+} 
+ 
+const char* 
+ctype<char>::do_widen(const char* low, const char* high, char_type* dest) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest) 
+        *dest = *low; 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+char 
+ctype<char>::do_narrow(char_type c, char dfault) const 
+{ 
+    if (isascii(c)) 
+        return static_cast<char>(c); 
+    return dfault; 
+} 
+ 
+const char* 
+ctype<char>::do_narrow(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, char dfault, char* dest) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest) 
+        if (isascii(*low)) 
+            *dest = *low; 
+        else 
+            *dest = dfault; 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+#if defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) 
+extern "C" const unsigned short ** __ctype_b_loc(); 
+extern "C" const int ** __ctype_tolower_loc(); 
+extern "C" const int ** __ctype_toupper_loc(); 
+#endif 
+ 
+#if defined(__ANDROID__) 
+// See src/support/android/android_locale.cpp 
+extern "C" const unsigned short* const _ctype_android; 
+#endif 
+ 
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_PROVIDES_DEFAULT_RUNE_TABLE 
+const ctype<char>::mask* 
+ctype<char>::classic_table() noexcept 
+{ 
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const ctype<char>::mask builtin_table[table_size] = { 
+        cntrl,                          cntrl, 
+        cntrl,                          cntrl, 
+        cntrl,                          cntrl, 
+        cntrl,                          cntrl, 
+        cntrl,                          cntrl | space | blank, 
+        cntrl | space,                  cntrl | space, 
+        cntrl | space,                  cntrl | space, 
+        cntrl,                          cntrl, 
+        cntrl,                          cntrl, 
+        cntrl,                          cntrl, 
+        cntrl,                          cntrl, 
+        cntrl,                          cntrl, 
+        cntrl,                          cntrl, 
+        cntrl,                          cntrl, 
+        cntrl,                          cntrl, 
+        cntrl,                          cntrl, 
+        space | blank | print,          punct | print, 
+        punct | print,                  punct | print, 
+        punct | print,                  punct | print, 
+        punct | print,                  punct | print, 
+        punct | print,                  punct | print, 
+        punct | print,                  punct | print, 
+        punct | print,                  punct | print, 
+        punct | print,                  punct | print, 
+        digit | print | xdigit,         digit | print | xdigit, 
+        digit | print | xdigit,         digit | print | xdigit, 
+        digit | print | xdigit,         digit | print | xdigit, 
+        digit | print | xdigit,         digit | print | xdigit, 
+        digit | print | xdigit,         digit | print | xdigit, 
+        punct | print,                  punct | print, 
+        punct | print,                  punct | print, 
+        punct | print,                  punct | print, 
+        punct | print,                  upper | xdigit | print | alpha, 
+        upper | xdigit | print | alpha, upper | xdigit | print | alpha, 
+        upper | xdigit | print | alpha, upper | xdigit | print | alpha, 
+        upper | xdigit | print | alpha, upper | print | alpha, 
+        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha, 
+        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha, 
+        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha, 
+        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha, 
+        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha, 
+        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha, 
+        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha, 
+        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha, 
+        upper | print | alpha,          upper | print | alpha, 
+        upper | print | alpha,          punct | print, 
+        punct | print,                  punct | print, 
+        punct | print,                  punct | print, 
+        punct | print,                  lower | xdigit | print | alpha, 
+        lower | xdigit | print | alpha, lower | xdigit | print | alpha, 
+        lower | xdigit | print | alpha, lower | xdigit | print | alpha, 
+        lower | xdigit | print | alpha, lower | print | alpha, 
+        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha, 
+        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha, 
+        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha, 
+        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha, 
+        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha, 
+        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha, 
+        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha, 
+        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha, 
+        lower | print | alpha,          lower | print | alpha, 
+        lower | print | alpha,          punct | print, 
+        punct | print,                  punct | print, 
+        punct | print,                  cntrl, 
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 
+    }; 
+    return builtin_table; 
+} 
+#else 
+const ctype<char>::mask* 
+ctype<char>::classic_table() noexcept 
+{ 
+#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) 
+    return _DefaultRuneLocale.__runetype; 
+#elif defined(__NetBSD__) 
+    return _C_ctype_tab_ + 1; 
+#elif defined(__GLIBC__) 
+    return _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE->__ctype_b; 
+#elif defined(__sun__) 
+    return __ctype_mask; 
+#elif defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__) 
+    return __pctype_func(); 
+#elif defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) 
+    return *__ctype_b_loc(); 
+#elif defined(_NEWLIB_VERSION) 
+    // Newlib has a 257-entry table in ctype_.c, where (char)0 starts at [1]. 
+    return _ctype_ + 1; 
+#elif defined(__ANDROID__) 
+    return _ctype_android; 
+#elif defined(_AIX) 
+    return (const unsigned int *)__lc_ctype_ptr->obj->mask; 
+#else 
+    // Platform not supported: abort so the person doing the port knows what to 
+    // fix 
+# warning  ctype<char>::classic_table() is not implemented 
+    printf("ctype<char>::classic_table() is not implemented\n"); 
+    abort(); 
+    return NULL; 
+#endif 
+} 
+#endif 
+ 
+#if defined(__GLIBC__) 
+const int* 
+ctype<char>::__classic_lower_table() noexcept 
+{ 
+    return _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE->__ctype_tolower; 
+} 
+ 
+const int* 
+ctype<char>::__classic_upper_table() noexcept 
+{ 
+    return _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE->__ctype_toupper; 
+} 
+#elif defined(__NetBSD__) 
+const short* 
+ctype<char>::__classic_lower_table() noexcept 
+{ 
+    return _C_tolower_tab_ + 1; 
+} 
+ 
+const short* 
+ctype<char>::__classic_upper_table() noexcept 
+{ 
+    return _C_toupper_tab_ + 1; 
+} 
+ 
+#elif defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) 
+const int* 
+ctype<char>::__classic_lower_table() noexcept 
+{ 
+    return *__ctype_tolower_loc(); 
+} 
+ 
+const int* 
+ctype<char>::__classic_upper_table() noexcept 
+{ 
+    return *__ctype_toupper_loc(); 
+} 
+#endif // __GLIBC__ || __NETBSD__ || __EMSCRIPTEN__ 
+ 
+// template <> class ctype_byname<char> 
+ 
+ctype_byname<char>::ctype_byname(const char* name, size_t refs) 
+    : ctype<char>(0, false, refs), 
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name, 0)) 
+{ 
+    if (__l == 0) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("ctype_byname<char>::ctype_byname" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(name)); 
+} 
+ 
+ctype_byname<char>::ctype_byname(const string& name, size_t refs) 
+    : ctype<char>(0, false, refs), 
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name.c_str(), 0)) 
+{ 
+    if (__l == 0) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("ctype_byname<char>::ctype_byname" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + name); 
+} 
+ 
+ctype_byname<char>::~ctype_byname() 
+{ 
+    freelocale(__l); 
+} 
+ 
+char 
+ctype_byname<char>::do_toupper(char_type c) const 
+{ 
+    return static_cast<char>(toupper_l(static_cast<unsigned char>(c), __l)); 
+} 
+ 
+const char* 
+ctype_byname<char>::do_toupper(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low) 
+        *low = static_cast<char>(toupper_l(static_cast<unsigned char>(*low), __l)); 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+char 
+ctype_byname<char>::do_tolower(char_type c) const 
+{ 
+    return static_cast<char>(tolower_l(static_cast<unsigned char>(c), __l)); 
+} 
+ 
+const char* 
+ctype_byname<char>::do_tolower(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low) 
+        *low = static_cast<char>(tolower_l(static_cast<unsigned char>(*low), __l)); 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+// template <> class ctype_byname<wchar_t> 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::ctype_byname(const char* name, size_t refs) 
+    : ctype<wchar_t>(refs), 
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name, 0)) 
+{ 
+    if (__l == 0) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("ctype_byname<wchar_t>::ctype_byname" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(name)); 
+} 
+ 
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::ctype_byname(const string& name, size_t refs) 
+    : ctype<wchar_t>(refs), 
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, name.c_str(), 0)) 
+{ 
+    if (__l == 0) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("ctype_byname<wchar_t>::ctype_byname" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + name); 
+} 
+ 
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::~ctype_byname() 
+{ 
+    freelocale(__l); 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_is(mask m, char_type c) const 
+{ 
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_WCTYPE_IS_MASK 
+    return static_cast<bool>(iswctype_l(c, m, __l)); 
+#else 
+    bool result = false; 
+    wint_t ch = static_cast<wint_t>(c); 
+    if ((m & space) == space) result |= (iswspace_l(ch, __l) != 0); 
+    if ((m & print) == print) result |= (iswprint_l(ch, __l) != 0); 
+    if ((m & cntrl) == cntrl) result |= (iswcntrl_l(ch, __l) != 0); 
+    if ((m & upper) == upper) result |= (iswupper_l(ch, __l) != 0); 
+    if ((m & lower) == lower) result |= (iswlower_l(ch, __l) != 0); 
+    if ((m & alpha) == alpha) result |= (iswalpha_l(ch, __l) != 0); 
+    if ((m & digit) == digit) result |= (iswdigit_l(ch, __l) != 0); 
+    if ((m & punct) == punct) result |= (iswpunct_l(ch, __l) != 0); 
+    if ((m & xdigit) == xdigit) result |= (iswxdigit_l(ch, __l) != 0); 
+    if ((m & blank) == blank) result |= (iswblank_l(ch, __l) != 0); 
+    return result; 
+#endif 
+} 
+ 
+const wchar_t* 
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_is(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, mask* vec) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++vec) 
+    { 
+        if (isascii(*low)) 
+            *vec = static_cast<mask>(ctype<char>::classic_table()[*low]); 
+        else 
+        { 
+            *vec = 0; 
+            wint_t ch = static_cast<wint_t>(*low); 
+            if (iswspace_l(ch, __l)) 
+                *vec |= space; 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CTYPE_MASK_IS_COMPOSITE_PRINT 
+            if (iswprint_l(ch, __l)) 
+                *vec |= print; 
+#endif 
+            if (iswcntrl_l(ch, __l)) 
+                *vec |= cntrl; 
+            if (iswupper_l(ch, __l)) 
+                *vec |= upper; 
+            if (iswlower_l(ch, __l)) 
+                *vec |= lower; 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CTYPE_MASK_IS_COMPOSITE_ALPHA 
+            if (iswalpha_l(ch, __l)) 
+                *vec |= alpha; 
+#endif 
+            if (iswdigit_l(ch, __l)) 
+                *vec |= digit; 
+            if (iswpunct_l(ch, __l)) 
+                *vec |= punct; 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CTYPE_MASK_IS_COMPOSITE_XDIGIT 
+            if (iswxdigit_l(ch, __l)) 
+                *vec |= xdigit; 
+#endif 
+#if !defined(__sun__) 
+            if (iswblank_l(ch, __l)) 
+                *vec |= blank; 
+#endif 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+const wchar_t* 
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_scan_is(mask m, const char_type* low, const char_type* high) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low) 
+    { 
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_WCTYPE_IS_MASK 
+        if (iswctype_l(*low, m, __l)) 
+            break; 
+#else 
+        wint_t ch = static_cast<wint_t>(*low); 
+        if ((m & space) == space && iswspace_l(ch, __l)) break; 
+        if ((m & print) == print && iswprint_l(ch, __l)) break; 
+        if ((m & cntrl) == cntrl && iswcntrl_l(ch, __l)) break; 
+        if ((m & upper) == upper && iswupper_l(ch, __l)) break; 
+        if ((m & lower) == lower && iswlower_l(ch, __l)) break; 
+        if ((m & alpha) == alpha && iswalpha_l(ch, __l)) break; 
+        if ((m & digit) == digit && iswdigit_l(ch, __l)) break; 
+        if ((m & punct) == punct && iswpunct_l(ch, __l)) break; 
+        if ((m & xdigit) == xdigit && iswxdigit_l(ch, __l)) break; 
+        if ((m & blank) == blank && iswblank_l(ch, __l)) break; 
+#endif 
+    } 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+const wchar_t* 
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_scan_not(mask m, const char_type* low, const char_type* high) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low) 
+    { 
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_WCTYPE_IS_MASK 
+        if (!iswctype_l(*low, m, __l)) 
+            break; 
+#else 
+        wint_t ch = static_cast<wint_t>(*low); 
+        if ((m & space) == space && iswspace_l(ch, __l)) continue; 
+        if ((m & print) == print && iswprint_l(ch, __l)) continue; 
+        if ((m & cntrl) == cntrl && iswcntrl_l(ch, __l)) continue; 
+        if ((m & upper) == upper && iswupper_l(ch, __l)) continue; 
+        if ((m & lower) == lower && iswlower_l(ch, __l)) continue; 
+        if ((m & alpha) == alpha && iswalpha_l(ch, __l)) continue; 
+        if ((m & digit) == digit && iswdigit_l(ch, __l)) continue; 
+        if ((m & punct) == punct && iswpunct_l(ch, __l)) continue; 
+        if ((m & xdigit) == xdigit && iswxdigit_l(ch, __l)) continue; 
+        if ((m & blank) == blank && iswblank_l(ch, __l)) continue; 
+        break; 
+#endif 
+    } 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+wchar_t 
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_toupper(char_type c) const 
+{ 
+    return towupper_l(c, __l); 
+} 
+ 
+const wchar_t* 
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_toupper(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low) 
+        *low = towupper_l(*low, __l); 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+wchar_t 
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_tolower(char_type c) const 
+{ 
+    return towlower_l(c, __l); 
+} 
+ 
+const wchar_t* 
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_tolower(char_type* low, const char_type* high) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low) 
+        *low = towlower_l(*low, __l); 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+wchar_t 
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_widen(char c) const 
+{ 
+    return __libcpp_btowc_l(c, __l); 
+} 
+ 
+const char* 
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_widen(const char* low, const char* high, char_type* dest) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest) 
+        *dest = __libcpp_btowc_l(*low, __l); 
+    return low; 
+} 
+ 
+char 
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_narrow(char_type c, char dfault) const 
+{ 
+    int r = __libcpp_wctob_l(c, __l); 
+    return r != static_cast<int>(WEOF) ? static_cast<char>(r) : dfault; 
+} 
+ 
+const wchar_t* 
+ctype_byname<wchar_t>::do_narrow(const char_type* low, const char_type* high, char dfault, char* dest) const 
+{ 
+    for (; low != high; ++low, ++dest) 
+    { 
+        int r = __libcpp_wctob_l(*low, __l); 
+        *dest = r != static_cast<int>(WEOF) ? static_cast<char>(r) : dfault; 
+    } 
+    return low; 
+} 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+ 
+// template <> class codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> 
+ 
+locale::id codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::id; 
+ 
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::~codecvt() 
+{ 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type*, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type*, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type*, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 1; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return true; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    return static_cast<int>(min<size_t>(mx, static_cast<size_t>(end-frm))); 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 1; 
+} 
+ 
+// template <> class codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+locale::id codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::id; 
+ 
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::codecvt(size_t refs) 
+    : locale::facet(refs), 
+      __l(_LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE) 
+{ 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::codecvt(const char* nm, size_t refs) 
+    : locale::facet(refs), 
+      __l(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0)) 
+{ 
+    if (__l == 0) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::codecvt_byname" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm)); 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::~codecvt() 
+{ 
+    if (__l != _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE) 
+        freelocale(__l); 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type& st, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    // look for first internal null in frm 
+    const intern_type* fend = frm; 
+    for (; fend != frm_end; ++fend) 
+        if (*fend == 0) 
+            break; 
+    // loop over all null-terminated sequences in frm 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    for (frm_nxt = frm; frm != frm_end && to != to_end; frm = frm_nxt, to = to_nxt) 
+    { 
+        // save state in case it is needed to recover to_nxt on error 
+        mbstate_t save_state = st; 
+        size_t n = __libcpp_wcsnrtombs_l(to, &frm_nxt, static_cast<size_t>(fend-frm), 
+                                     static_cast<size_t>(to_end-to), &st, __l); 
+        if (n == size_t(-1)) 
+        { 
+            // need to recover to_nxt 
+            for (to_nxt = to; frm != frm_nxt; ++frm) 
+            { 
+                n = __libcpp_wcrtomb_l(to_nxt, *frm, &save_state, __l); 
+                if (n == size_t(-1)) 
+                    break; 
+                to_nxt += n; 
+            } 
+            frm_nxt = frm; 
+            return error; 
+        } 
+        if (n == 0) 
+            return partial; 
+        to_nxt += n; 
+        if (to_nxt == to_end) 
+            break; 
+        if (fend != frm_end)  // set up next null terminated sequence 
+        { 
+            // Try to write the terminating null 
+            extern_type tmp[MB_LEN_MAX]; 
+            n = __libcpp_wcrtomb_l(tmp, intern_type(), &st, __l); 
+            if (n == size_t(-1))  // on error 
+                return error; 
+            if (n > static_cast<size_t>(to_end-to_nxt))  // is there room? 
+                return partial; 
+            for (extern_type* p = tmp; n; --n)  // write it 
+                *to_nxt++ = *p++; 
+            ++frm_nxt; 
+            // look for next null in frm 
+            for (fend = frm_nxt; fend != frm_end; ++fend) 
+                if (*fend == 0) 
+                    break; 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return frm_nxt == frm_end ? ok : partial; 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type& st, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    // look for first internal null in frm 
+    const extern_type* fend = frm; 
+    for (; fend != frm_end; ++fend) 
+        if (*fend == 0) 
+            break; 
+    // loop over all null-terminated sequences in frm 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    for (frm_nxt = frm; frm != frm_end && to != to_end; frm = frm_nxt, to = to_nxt) 
+    { 
+        // save state in case it is needed to recover to_nxt on error 
+        mbstate_t save_state = st; 
+        size_t n = __libcpp_mbsnrtowcs_l(to, &frm_nxt, static_cast<size_t>(fend-frm), 
+                                     static_cast<size_t>(to_end-to), &st, __l); 
+        if (n == size_t(-1)) 
+        { 
+            // need to recover to_nxt 
+            for (to_nxt = to; frm != frm_nxt; ++to_nxt) 
+            { 
+                n = __libcpp_mbrtowc_l(to_nxt, frm, static_cast<size_t>(fend-frm), 
+                                   &save_state, __l); 
+                switch (n) 
+                { 
+                case 0: 
+                    ++frm; 
+                    break; 
+                case size_t(-1): 
+                    frm_nxt = frm; 
+                    return error; 
+                case size_t(-2): 
+                    frm_nxt = frm; 
+                    return partial; 
+                default: 
+                    frm += n; 
+                    break; 
+                } 
+            } 
+            frm_nxt = frm; 
+            return frm_nxt == frm_end ? ok : partial; 
+        } 
+        if (n == size_t(-1)) 
+            return error; 
+        to_nxt += n; 
+        if (to_nxt == to_end) 
+            break; 
+        if (fend != frm_end)  // set up next null terminated sequence 
+        { 
+            // Try to write the terminating null 
+            n = __libcpp_mbrtowc_l(to_nxt, frm_nxt, 1, &st, __l); 
+            if (n != 0)  // on error 
+                return error; 
+            ++to_nxt; 
+            ++frm_nxt; 
+            // look for next null in frm 
+            for (fend = frm_nxt; fend != frm_end; ++fend) 
+                if (*fend == 0) 
+                    break; 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return frm_nxt == frm_end ? ok : partial; 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type& st, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    extern_type tmp[MB_LEN_MAX]; 
+    size_t n = __libcpp_wcrtomb_l(tmp, intern_type(), &st, __l); 
+    if (n == size_t(-1) || n == 0)  // on error 
+        return error; 
+    --n; 
+    if (n > static_cast<size_t>(to_end-to_nxt))  // is there room? 
+        return partial; 
+    for (extern_type* p = tmp; n; --n)  // write it 
+        *to_nxt++ = *p++; 
+    return ok; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    if (__libcpp_mbtowc_l(nullptr, nullptr, MB_LEN_MAX, __l) != 0) 
+        return -1; 
+ 
+    // stateless encoding 
+    if (__l == 0 || __libcpp_mb_cur_max_l(__l) == 1)  // there are no known constant length encodings 
+        return 1;                // which take more than 1 char to form a wchar_t 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type& st, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    int nbytes = 0; 
+    for (size_t nwchar_t = 0; nwchar_t < mx && frm != frm_end; ++nwchar_t) 
+    { 
+        size_t n = __libcpp_mbrlen_l(frm, static_cast<size_t>(frm_end-frm), &st, __l); 
+        switch (n) 
+        { 
+        case 0: 
+            ++nbytes; 
+            ++frm; 
+            break; 
+        case size_t(-1): 
+        case size_t(-2): 
+            return nbytes; 
+        default: 
+            nbytes += n; 
+            frm += n; 
+            break; 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return nbytes; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return __l == 0 ? 1 : static_cast<int>(__libcpp_mb_cur_max_l(__l)); 
+} 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+ 
+//                                     Valid UTF ranges 
+//     UTF-32               UTF-16                          UTF-8               # of code points 
+//                     first      second       first   second    third   fourth 
+// 000000 - 00007F  0000 - 007F               00 - 7F                                 127 
+// 000080 - 0007FF  0080 - 07FF               C2 - DF, 80 - BF                       1920 
+// 000800 - 000FFF  0800 - 0FFF               E0 - E0, A0 - BF, 80 - BF              2048 
+// 001000 - 00CFFF  1000 - CFFF               E1 - EC, 80 - BF, 80 - BF             49152 
+// 00D000 - 00D7FF  D000 - D7FF               ED - ED, 80 - 9F, 80 - BF              2048 
+// 00D800 - 00DFFF                invalid 
+// 00E000 - 00FFFF  E000 - FFFF               EE - EF, 80 - BF, 80 - BF              8192 
+// 010000 - 03FFFF  D800 - D8BF, DC00 - DFFF  F0 - F0, 90 - BF, 80 - BF, 80 - BF   196608 
+// 040000 - 0FFFFF  D8C0 - DBBF, DC00 - DFFF  F1 - F3, 80 - BF, 80 - BF, 80 - BF   786432 
+// 100000 - 10FFFF  DBC0 - DBFF, DC00 - DFFF  F4 - F4, 80 - 8F, 80 - BF, 80 - BF    65536 
+ 
+static 
+codecvt_base::result 
+utf16_to_utf8(const uint16_t* frm, const uint16_t* frm_end, const uint16_t*& frm_nxt, 
+              uint8_t* to, uint8_t* to_end, uint8_t*& to_nxt, 
+              unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    if (mode & generate_header) 
+    { 
+        if (to_end-to_nxt < 3) 
+            return codecvt_base::partial; 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xEF); 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xBB); 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xBF); 
+    } 
+    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt) 
+    { 
+        uint16_t wc1 = *frm_nxt; 
+        if (wc1 > Maxcode) 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        if (wc1 < 0x0080) 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 1) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc1); 
+        } 
+        else if (wc1 < 0x0800) 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xC0 | (wc1 >> 6)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | (wc1 & 0x03F)); 
+        } 
+        else if (wc1 < 0xD800) 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xE0 |  (wc1 >> 12)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0FC0) >> 6)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc1 & 0x003F)); 
+        } 
+        else if (wc1 < 0xDC00) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint16_t wc2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            if ((wc2 & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 4) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            if (((((wc1 & 0x03C0UL) >> 6) + 1) << 16) + 
+                ((wc1 & 0x003FUL) << 10) + (wc2 & 0x03FF) > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            ++frm_nxt; 
+            uint8_t z = ((wc1 & 0x03C0) >> 6) + 1; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xF0 | (z >> 2)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((z & 0x03) << 4)     | ((wc1 & 0x003C) >> 2)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0003) << 4) | ((wc2 & 0x03C0) >> 6)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc2 & 0x003F)); 
+        } 
+        else if (wc1 < 0xE000) 
+        { 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        } 
+        else 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xE0 |  (wc1 >> 12)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0FC0) >> 6)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc1 & 0x003F)); 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return codecvt_base::ok; 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+codecvt_base::result 
+utf16_to_utf8(const uint32_t* frm, const uint32_t* frm_end, const uint32_t*& frm_nxt, 
+              uint8_t* to, uint8_t* to_end, uint8_t*& to_nxt, 
+              unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    if (mode & generate_header) 
+    { 
+        if (to_end-to_nxt < 3) 
+            return codecvt_base::partial; 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xEF); 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xBB); 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xBF); 
+    } 
+    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt) 
+    { 
+        uint16_t wc1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(*frm_nxt); 
+        if (wc1 > Maxcode) 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        if (wc1 < 0x0080) 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 1) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc1); 
+        } 
+        else if (wc1 < 0x0800) 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xC0 | (wc1 >> 6)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | (wc1 & 0x03F)); 
+        } 
+        else if (wc1 < 0xD800) 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xE0 |  (wc1 >> 12)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0FC0) >> 6)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc1 & 0x003F)); 
+        } 
+        else if (wc1 < 0xDC00) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint16_t wc2 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[1]); 
+            if ((wc2 & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 4) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            if (((((wc1 & 0x03C0UL) >> 6) + 1) << 16) + 
+                ((wc1 & 0x003FUL) << 10) + (wc2 & 0x03FF) > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            ++frm_nxt; 
+            uint8_t z = ((wc1 & 0x03C0) >> 6) + 1; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xF0 | (z >> 2)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((z & 0x03) << 4)     | ((wc1 & 0x003C) >> 2)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0003) << 4) | ((wc2 & 0x03C0) >> 6)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc2 & 0x003F)); 
+        } 
+        else if (wc1 < 0xE000) 
+        { 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        } 
+        else 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xE0 |  (wc1 >> 12)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc1 & 0x0FC0) >> 6)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc1 & 0x003F)); 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return codecvt_base::ok; 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+codecvt_base::result 
+utf8_to_utf16(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, const uint8_t*& frm_nxt, 
+              uint16_t* to, uint16_t* to_end, uint16_t*& to_nxt, 
+              unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    if (mode & consume_header) 
+    { 
+        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 3 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xEF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xBB && 
+                                                          frm_nxt[2] == 0xBF) 
+            frm_nxt += 3; 
+    } 
+    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt) 
+    { 
+        uint8_t c1 = *frm_nxt; 
+        if (c1 > Maxcode) 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        if (c1 < 0x80) 
+        { 
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint16_t>(c1); 
+            ++frm_nxt; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xC2) 
+        { 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xE0) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>(((c1 & 0x1F) << 6) | (c2 & 0x3F)); 
+            if (t > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = t; 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xF0) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2]; 
+            switch (c1) 
+            { 
+            case 0xE0: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            case 0xED: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            default: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            } 
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>(((c1 & 0x0F) << 12) 
+                                             | ((c2 & 0x3F) << 6) 
+                                             |  (c3 & 0x3F)); 
+            if (t > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = t; 
+            frm_nxt += 3; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xF5) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2]; 
+            uint8_t c4 = frm_nxt[3]; 
+            switch (c1) 
+            { 
+            case 0xF0: 
+                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF)) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            case 0xF4: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            default: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            } 
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            if ((((c1 & 7UL) << 18) + 
+                ((c2 & 0x3FUL) << 12) + 
+                ((c3 & 0x3FUL) << 6) + (c4 & 0x3F)) > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint16_t>( 
+                    0xD800 
+                  | (((((c1 & 0x07) << 2) | ((c2 & 0x30) >> 4)) - 1) << 6) 
+                  | ((c2 & 0x0F) << 2) 
+                  | ((c3 & 0x30) >> 4)); 
+            *++to_nxt = static_cast<uint16_t>( 
+                    0xDC00 
+                  | ((c3 & 0x0F) << 6) 
+                  |  (c4 & 0x3F)); 
+            frm_nxt += 4; 
+        } 
+        else 
+        { 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok; 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+codecvt_base::result 
+utf8_to_utf16(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, const uint8_t*& frm_nxt, 
+              uint32_t* to, uint32_t* to_end, uint32_t*& to_nxt, 
+              unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    if (mode & consume_header) 
+    { 
+        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 3 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xEF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xBB && 
+                                                          frm_nxt[2] == 0xBF) 
+            frm_nxt += 3; 
+    } 
+    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt) 
+    { 
+        uint8_t c1 = *frm_nxt; 
+        if (c1 > Maxcode) 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        if (c1 < 0x80) 
+        { 
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint32_t>(c1); 
+            ++frm_nxt; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xC2) 
+        { 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xE0) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>(((c1 & 0x1F) << 6) | (c2 & 0x3F)); 
+            if (t > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint32_t>(t); 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xF0) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2]; 
+            switch (c1) 
+            { 
+            case 0xE0: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            case 0xED: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            default: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            } 
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>(((c1 & 0x0F) << 12) 
+                                             | ((c2 & 0x3F) << 6) 
+                                             |  (c3 & 0x3F)); 
+            if (t > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint32_t>(t); 
+            frm_nxt += 3; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xF5) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2]; 
+            uint8_t c4 = frm_nxt[3]; 
+            switch (c1) 
+            { 
+            case 0xF0: 
+                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF)) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            case 0xF4: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            default: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            } 
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            if ((((c1 & 7UL) << 18) + 
+                ((c2 & 0x3FUL) << 12) + 
+                ((c3 & 0x3FUL) << 6) + (c4 & 0x3F)) > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint32_t>( 
+                    0xD800 
+                  | (((((c1 & 0x07) << 2) | ((c2 & 0x30) >> 4)) - 1) << 6) 
+                  | ((c2 & 0x0F) << 2) 
+                  | ((c3 & 0x30) >> 4)); 
+            *++to_nxt = static_cast<uint32_t>( 
+                    0xDC00 
+                  | ((c3 & 0x0F) << 6) 
+                  |  (c4 & 0x3F)); 
+            frm_nxt += 4; 
+        } 
+        else 
+        { 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok; 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+int 
+utf8_to_utf16_length(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, 
+                     size_t mx, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, 
+                     codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* frm_nxt = frm; 
+    if (mode & consume_header) 
+    { 
+        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 3 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xEF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xBB && 
+                                                          frm_nxt[2] == 0xBF) 
+            frm_nxt += 3; 
+    } 
+    for (size_t nchar16_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end && nchar16_t < mx; ++nchar16_t) 
+    { 
+        uint8_t c1 = *frm_nxt; 
+        if (c1 > Maxcode) 
+            break; 
+        if (c1 < 0x80) 
+        { 
+            ++frm_nxt; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xC2) 
+        { 
+            break; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xE0) 
+        { 
+            if ((frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) || (frm_nxt[1] & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                break; 
+            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>(((c1 & 0x1F) << 6) | (frm_nxt[1] & 0x3F)); 
+            if (t > Maxcode) 
+                break; 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xF0) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3) 
+                break; 
+            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2]; 
+            switch (c1) 
+            { 
+            case 0xE0: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0) 
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+                break; 
+            case 0xED: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80) 
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+                 break; 
+            default: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+                 break; 
+            } 
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                break; 
+            if ((((c1 & 0x0Fu) << 12) | ((c2 & 0x3Fu) << 6) | (c3 & 0x3Fu)) > Maxcode) 
+                break; 
+            frm_nxt += 3; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xF5) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4 || mx-nchar16_t < 2) 
+                break; 
+            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2]; 
+            uint8_t c4 = frm_nxt[3]; 
+            switch (c1) 
+            { 
+            case 0xF0: 
+                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF)) 
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+                 break; 
+            case 0xF4: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80) 
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+                 break; 
+            default: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+                 break; 
+            } 
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                break; 
+            if ((((c1 & 7UL) << 18) + 
+                ((c2 & 0x3FUL) << 12) + 
+                ((c3 & 0x3FUL) << 6) + (c4 & 0x3F)) > Maxcode) 
+                break; 
+            ++nchar16_t; 
+            frm_nxt += 4; 
+        } 
+        else 
+        { 
+            break; 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+codecvt_base::result 
+ucs4_to_utf8(const uint32_t* frm, const uint32_t* frm_end, const uint32_t*& frm_nxt, 
+             uint8_t* to, uint8_t* to_end, uint8_t*& to_nxt, 
+             unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    if (mode & generate_header) 
+    { 
+        if (to_end-to_nxt < 3) 
+            return codecvt_base::partial; 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xEF); 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xBB); 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xBF); 
+    } 
+    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt) 
+    { 
+        uint32_t wc = *frm_nxt; 
+        if ((wc & 0xFFFFF800) == 0x00D800 || wc > Maxcode) 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        if (wc < 0x000080) 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 1) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc); 
+        } 
+        else if (wc < 0x000800) 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xC0 | (wc >> 6)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | (wc & 0x03F)); 
+        } 
+        else if (wc < 0x010000) 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xE0 |  (wc >> 12)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc & 0x0FC0) >> 6)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc & 0x003F)); 
+        } 
+        else // if (wc < 0x110000) 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 4) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xF0 |  (wc >> 18)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc & 0x03F000) >> 12)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc & 0x000FC0) >> 6)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc & 0x00003F)); 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return codecvt_base::ok; 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+codecvt_base::result 
+utf8_to_ucs4(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, const uint8_t*& frm_nxt, 
+             uint32_t* to, uint32_t* to_end, uint32_t*& to_nxt, 
+             unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    if (mode & consume_header) 
+    { 
+        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 3 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xEF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xBB && 
+                                                          frm_nxt[2] == 0xBF) 
+            frm_nxt += 3; 
+    } 
+    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt) 
+    { 
+        uint8_t c1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(*frm_nxt); 
+        if (c1 < 0x80) 
+        { 
+            if (c1 > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint32_t>(c1); 
+            ++frm_nxt; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xC2) 
+        { 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xE0) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            uint32_t t = static_cast<uint32_t>(((c1 & 0x1F) << 6) 
+                                              | (c2 & 0x3F)); 
+            if (t > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = t; 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xF0) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2]; 
+            switch (c1) 
+            { 
+            case 0xE0: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            case 0xED: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            default: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            } 
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            uint32_t t = static_cast<uint32_t>(((c1 & 0x0F) << 12) 
+                                             | ((c2 & 0x3F) << 6) 
+                                             |  (c3 & 0x3F)); 
+            if (t > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = t; 
+            frm_nxt += 3; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xF5) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2]; 
+            uint8_t c4 = frm_nxt[3]; 
+            switch (c1) 
+            { 
+            case 0xF0: 
+                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF)) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            case 0xF4: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            default: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            } 
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            uint32_t t = static_cast<uint32_t>(((c1 & 0x07) << 18) 
+                                             | ((c2 & 0x3F) << 12) 
+                                             | ((c3 & 0x3F) << 6) 
+                                             |  (c4 & 0x3F)); 
+            if (t > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = t; 
+            frm_nxt += 4; 
+        } 
+        else 
+        { 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok; 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+int 
+utf8_to_ucs4_length(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, 
+                    size_t mx, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, 
+                    codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* frm_nxt = frm; 
+    if (mode & consume_header) 
+    { 
+        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 3 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xEF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xBB && 
+                                                          frm_nxt[2] == 0xBF) 
+            frm_nxt += 3; 
+    } 
+    for (size_t nchar32_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end && nchar32_t < mx; ++nchar32_t) 
+    { 
+        uint8_t c1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(*frm_nxt); 
+        if (c1 < 0x80) 
+        { 
+            if (c1 > Maxcode) 
+                break; 
+            ++frm_nxt; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xC2) 
+        { 
+            break; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xE0) 
+        { 
+            if ((frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) || ((frm_nxt[1] & 0xC0) != 0x80)) 
+                break; 
+            if ((((c1 & 0x1Fu) << 6) | (frm_nxt[1] & 0x3Fu)) > Maxcode) 
+                break; 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xF0) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3) 
+                break; 
+            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2]; 
+            switch (c1) 
+            { 
+            case 0xE0: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0) 
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+                break; 
+            case 0xED: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80) 
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+                 break; 
+            default: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+                 break; 
+            } 
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                break; 
+            if ((((c1 & 0x0Fu) << 12) | ((c2 & 0x3Fu) << 6) | (c3 & 0x3Fu)) > Maxcode) 
+                break; 
+            frm_nxt += 3; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xF5) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4) 
+                break; 
+            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2]; 
+            uint8_t c4 = frm_nxt[3]; 
+            switch (c1) 
+            { 
+            case 0xF0: 
+                if (!(0x90 <= c2 && c2 <= 0xBF)) 
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+                 break; 
+            case 0xF4: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xF0) != 0x80) 
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+                 break; 
+            default: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+                 break; 
+            } 
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80 || (c4 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                break; 
+            if ((((c1 & 0x07u) << 18) | ((c2 & 0x3Fu) << 12) | 
+                 ((c3 & 0x3Fu) << 6)  |  (c4 & 0x3Fu)) > Maxcode) 
+                break; 
+            frm_nxt += 4; 
+        } 
+        else 
+        { 
+            break; 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+codecvt_base::result 
+ucs2_to_utf8(const uint16_t* frm, const uint16_t* frm_end, const uint16_t*& frm_nxt, 
+             uint8_t* to, uint8_t* to_end, uint8_t*& to_nxt, 
+             unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    if (mode & generate_header) 
+    { 
+        if (to_end-to_nxt < 3) 
+            return codecvt_base::partial; 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xEF); 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xBB); 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xBF); 
+    } 
+    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt) 
+    { 
+        uint16_t wc = *frm_nxt; 
+        if ((wc & 0xF800) == 0xD800 || wc > Maxcode) 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        if (wc < 0x0080) 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 1) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc); 
+        } 
+        else if (wc < 0x0800) 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xC0 | (wc >> 6)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | (wc & 0x03F)); 
+        } 
+        else // if (wc <= 0xFFFF) 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 3) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xE0 |  (wc >> 12)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 | ((wc & 0x0FC0) >> 6)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0x80 |  (wc & 0x003F)); 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return codecvt_base::ok; 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+codecvt_base::result 
+utf8_to_ucs2(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, const uint8_t*& frm_nxt, 
+             uint16_t* to, uint16_t* to_end, uint16_t*& to_nxt, 
+             unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    if (mode & consume_header) 
+    { 
+        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 3 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xEF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xBB && 
+                                                          frm_nxt[2] == 0xBF) 
+            frm_nxt += 3; 
+    } 
+    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt) 
+    { 
+        uint8_t c1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(*frm_nxt); 
+        if (c1 < 0x80) 
+        { 
+            if (c1 > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint16_t>(c1); 
+            ++frm_nxt; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xC2) 
+        { 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xE0) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>(((c1 & 0x1F) << 6) 
+                                              | (c2 & 0x3F)); 
+            if (t > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = t; 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xF0) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2]; 
+            switch (c1) 
+            { 
+            case 0xE0: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            case 0xED: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            default: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                    return codecvt_base::error; 
+                 break; 
+            } 
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>(((c1 & 0x0F) << 12) 
+                                             | ((c2 & 0x3F) << 6) 
+                                             |  (c3 & 0x3F)); 
+            if (t > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = t; 
+            frm_nxt += 3; 
+        } 
+        else 
+        { 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok; 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+int 
+utf8_to_ucs2_length(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, 
+                    size_t mx, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, 
+                    codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* frm_nxt = frm; 
+    if (mode & consume_header) 
+    { 
+        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 3 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xEF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xBB && 
+                                                          frm_nxt[2] == 0xBF) 
+            frm_nxt += 3; 
+    } 
+    for (size_t nchar32_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end && nchar32_t < mx; ++nchar32_t) 
+    { 
+        uint8_t c1 = static_cast<uint8_t>(*frm_nxt); 
+        if (c1 < 0x80) 
+        { 
+            if (c1 > Maxcode) 
+                break; 
+            ++frm_nxt; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xC2) 
+        { 
+            break; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xE0) 
+        { 
+            if ((frm_end-frm_nxt < 2) || ((frm_nxt[1] & 0xC0) != 0x80)) 
+                break; 
+            if ((((c1 & 0x1Fu) << 6) | (frm_nxt[1] & 0x3Fu)) > Maxcode) 
+                break; 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+        } 
+        else if (c1 < 0xF0) 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 3) 
+                break; 
+            uint8_t c2 = frm_nxt[1]; 
+            uint8_t c3 = frm_nxt[2]; 
+            switch (c1) 
+            { 
+            case 0xE0: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0xA0) 
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+                break; 
+            case 0xED: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xE0) != 0x80) 
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+                 break; 
+            default: 
+                if ((c2 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+                 break; 
+            } 
+            if ((c3 & 0xC0) != 0x80) 
+                break; 
+            if ((((c1 & 0x0Fu) << 12) | ((c2 & 0x3Fu) << 6) | (c3 & 0x3Fu)) > Maxcode) 
+                break; 
+            frm_nxt += 3; 
+        } 
+        else 
+        { 
+            break; 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+codecvt_base::result 
+ucs4_to_utf16be(const uint32_t* frm, const uint32_t* frm_end, const uint32_t*& frm_nxt, 
+                uint8_t* to, uint8_t* to_end, uint8_t*& to_nxt, 
+                unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    if (mode & generate_header) 
+    { 
+        if (to_end-to_nxt < 2) 
+            return codecvt_base::partial; 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFE); 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFF); 
+    } 
+    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt) 
+    { 
+        uint32_t wc = *frm_nxt; 
+        if ((wc & 0xFFFFF800) == 0x00D800 || wc > Maxcode) 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        if (wc < 0x010000) 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc >> 8); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc); 
+        } 
+        else 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 4) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>( 
+                    0xD800 
+                  | ((((wc & 0x1F0000) >> 16) - 1) << 6) 
+                  |   ((wc & 0x00FC00) >> 10)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(t >> 8); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(t); 
+            t = static_cast<uint16_t>(0xDC00 | (wc & 0x03FF)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(t >> 8); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(t); 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return codecvt_base::ok; 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+codecvt_base::result 
+utf16be_to_ucs4(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, const uint8_t*& frm_nxt, 
+                uint32_t* to, uint32_t* to_end, uint32_t*& to_nxt, 
+                unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    if (mode & consume_header) 
+    { 
+        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 2 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xFE && frm_nxt[1] == 0xFF) 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+    } 
+    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end - 1 && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt) 
+    { 
+        uint16_t c1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[0] << 8 | frm_nxt[1]); 
+        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00) 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) != 0xD800) 
+        { 
+            if (c1 > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint32_t>(c1); 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+        } 
+        else 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint16_t c2 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[2] << 8 | frm_nxt[3]); 
+            if ((c2 & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            uint32_t t = static_cast<uint32_t>( 
+                    ((((c1 & 0x03C0) >> 6) + 1) << 16) 
+                  |   ((c1 & 0x003F) << 10) 
+                  |    (c2 & 0x03FF)); 
+            if (t > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = t; 
+            frm_nxt += 4; 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok; 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+int 
+utf16be_to_ucs4_length(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, 
+                       size_t mx, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, 
+                       codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* frm_nxt = frm; 
+    if (mode & consume_header) 
+    { 
+        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 2 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xFE && frm_nxt[1] == 0xFF) 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+    } 
+    for (size_t nchar32_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end - 1 && nchar32_t < mx; ++nchar32_t) 
+    { 
+        uint16_t c1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[0] << 8 | frm_nxt[1]); 
+        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00) 
+            break; 
+        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) != 0xD800) 
+        { 
+            if (c1 > Maxcode) 
+                break; 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+        } 
+        else 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4) 
+                break; 
+            uint16_t c2 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[2] << 8 | frm_nxt[3]); 
+            if ((c2 & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00) 
+                break; 
+            uint32_t t = static_cast<uint32_t>( 
+                    ((((c1 & 0x03C0) >> 6) + 1) << 16) 
+                  |   ((c1 & 0x003F) << 10) 
+                  |    (c2 & 0x03FF)); 
+            if (t > Maxcode) 
+                break; 
+            frm_nxt += 4; 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+codecvt_base::result 
+ucs4_to_utf16le(const uint32_t* frm, const uint32_t* frm_end, const uint32_t*& frm_nxt, 
+                uint8_t* to, uint8_t* to_end, uint8_t*& to_nxt, 
+                unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    if (mode & generate_header) 
+    { 
+        if (to_end - to_nxt < 2) 
+            return codecvt_base::partial; 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFF); 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFE); 
+    } 
+    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt) 
+    { 
+        uint32_t wc = *frm_nxt; 
+        if ((wc & 0xFFFFF800) == 0x00D800 || wc > Maxcode) 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        if (wc < 0x010000) 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 2) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc >> 8); 
+        } 
+        else 
+        { 
+            if (to_end-to_nxt < 4) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint16_t t = static_cast<uint16_t>( 
+                    0xD800 
+                  | ((((wc & 0x1F0000) >> 16) - 1) << 6) 
+                  |   ((wc & 0x00FC00) >> 10)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(t); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(t >> 8); 
+            t = static_cast<uint16_t>(0xDC00 | (wc & 0x03FF)); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(t); 
+            *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(t >> 8); 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return codecvt_base::ok; 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+codecvt_base::result 
+utf16le_to_ucs4(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, const uint8_t*& frm_nxt, 
+                uint32_t* to, uint32_t* to_end, uint32_t*& to_nxt, 
+                unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    if (mode & consume_header) 
+    { 
+        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 2 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xFF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xFE) 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+    } 
+    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end - 1 && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt) 
+    { 
+        uint16_t c1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[1] << 8 | frm_nxt[0]); 
+        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00) 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) != 0xD800) 
+        { 
+            if (c1 > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = static_cast<uint32_t>(c1); 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+        } 
+        else 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4) 
+                return codecvt_base::partial; 
+            uint16_t c2 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[3] << 8 | frm_nxt[2]); 
+            if ((c2 & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            uint32_t t = static_cast<uint32_t>( 
+                    ((((c1 & 0x03C0) >> 6) + 1) << 16) 
+                  |   ((c1 & 0x003F) << 10) 
+                  |    (c2 & 0x03FF)); 
+            if (t > Maxcode) 
+                return codecvt_base::error; 
+            *to_nxt = t; 
+            frm_nxt += 4; 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok; 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+int 
+utf16le_to_ucs4_length(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, 
+                       size_t mx, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, 
+                       codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* frm_nxt = frm; 
+    if (mode & consume_header) 
+    { 
+        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 2 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xFF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xFE) 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+    } 
+    for (size_t nchar32_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end - 1 && nchar32_t < mx; ++nchar32_t) 
+    { 
+        uint16_t c1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[1] << 8 | frm_nxt[0]); 
+        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00) 
+            break; 
+        if ((c1 & 0xFC00) != 0xD800) 
+        { 
+            if (c1 > Maxcode) 
+                break; 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+        } 
+        else 
+        { 
+            if (frm_end-frm_nxt < 4) 
+                break; 
+            uint16_t c2 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[3] << 8 | frm_nxt[2]); 
+            if ((c2 & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00) 
+                break; 
+            uint32_t t = static_cast<uint32_t>( 
+                    ((((c1 & 0x03C0) >> 6) + 1) << 16) 
+                  |   ((c1 & 0x003F) << 10) 
+                  |    (c2 & 0x03FF)); 
+            if (t > Maxcode) 
+                break; 
+            frm_nxt += 4; 
+        } 
+    } 
+    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+codecvt_base::result 
+ucs2_to_utf16be(const uint16_t* frm, const uint16_t* frm_end, const uint16_t*& frm_nxt, 
+                uint8_t* to, uint8_t* to_end, uint8_t*& to_nxt, 
+                unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    if (mode & generate_header) 
+    { 
+        if (to_end-to_nxt < 2) 
+            return codecvt_base::partial; 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFE); 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFF); 
+    } 
+    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt) 
+    { 
+        uint16_t wc = *frm_nxt; 
+        if ((wc & 0xF800) == 0xD800 || wc > Maxcode) 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        if (to_end-to_nxt < 2) 
+            return codecvt_base::partial; 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc >> 8); 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc); 
+    } 
+    return codecvt_base::ok; 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+codecvt_base::result 
+utf16be_to_ucs2(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, const uint8_t*& frm_nxt, 
+                uint16_t* to, uint16_t* to_end, uint16_t*& to_nxt, 
+                unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    if (mode & consume_header) 
+    { 
+        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 2 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xFE && frm_nxt[1] == 0xFF) 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+    } 
+    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end - 1 && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt) 
+    { 
+        uint16_t c1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[0] << 8 | frm_nxt[1]); 
+        if ((c1 & 0xF800) == 0xD800 || c1 > Maxcode) 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        *to_nxt = c1; 
+        frm_nxt += 2; 
+    } 
+    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok; 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+int 
+utf16be_to_ucs2_length(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, 
+                       size_t mx, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, 
+                       codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* frm_nxt = frm; 
+    if (mode & consume_header) 
+    { 
+        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 2 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xFE && frm_nxt[1] == 0xFF) 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+    } 
+    for (size_t nchar16_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end - 1 && nchar16_t < mx; ++nchar16_t) 
+    { 
+        uint16_t c1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[0] << 8 | frm_nxt[1]); 
+        if ((c1 & 0xF800) == 0xD800 || c1 > Maxcode) 
+            break; 
+        frm_nxt += 2; 
+    } 
+    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+codecvt_base::result 
+ucs2_to_utf16le(const uint16_t* frm, const uint16_t* frm_end, const uint16_t*& frm_nxt, 
+                uint8_t* to, uint8_t* to_end, uint8_t*& to_nxt, 
+                unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    if (mode & generate_header) 
+    { 
+        if (to_end-to_nxt < 2) 
+            return codecvt_base::partial; 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFF); 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(0xFE); 
+    } 
+    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end; ++frm_nxt) 
+    { 
+        uint16_t wc = *frm_nxt; 
+        if ((wc & 0xF800) == 0xD800 || wc > Maxcode) 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        if (to_end-to_nxt < 2) 
+            return codecvt_base::partial; 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc); 
+        *to_nxt++ = static_cast<uint8_t>(wc >> 8); 
+    } 
+    return codecvt_base::ok; 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+codecvt_base::result 
+utf16le_to_ucs2(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, const uint8_t*& frm_nxt, 
+                uint16_t* to, uint16_t* to_end, uint16_t*& to_nxt, 
+                unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    if (mode & consume_header) 
+    { 
+        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 2 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xFF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xFE) 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+    } 
+    for (; frm_nxt < frm_end - 1 && to_nxt < to_end; ++to_nxt) 
+    { 
+        uint16_t c1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[1] << 8 | frm_nxt[0]); 
+        if ((c1 & 0xF800) == 0xD800 || c1 > Maxcode) 
+            return codecvt_base::error; 
+        *to_nxt = c1; 
+        frm_nxt += 2; 
+    } 
+    return frm_nxt < frm_end ? codecvt_base::partial : codecvt_base::ok; 
+} 
+ 
+static 
+int 
+utf16le_to_ucs2_length(const uint8_t* frm, const uint8_t* frm_end, 
+                       size_t mx, unsigned long Maxcode = 0x10FFFF, 
+                       codecvt_mode mode = codecvt_mode(0)) 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* frm_nxt = frm; 
+    frm_nxt = frm; 
+    if (mode & consume_header) 
+    { 
+        if (frm_end-frm_nxt >= 2 && frm_nxt[0] == 0xFF && frm_nxt[1] == 0xFE) 
+            frm_nxt += 2; 
+    } 
+    for (size_t nchar16_t = 0; frm_nxt < frm_end - 1 && nchar16_t < mx; ++nchar16_t) 
+    { 
+        uint16_t c1 = static_cast<uint16_t>(frm_nxt[1] << 8 | frm_nxt[0]); 
+        if ((c1 & 0xF800) == 0xD800 || c1 > Maxcode) 
+            break; 
+        frm_nxt += 2; 
+    } 
+    return static_cast<int>(frm_nxt - frm); 
+} 
+ 
+// template <> class codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t> 
+ 
+locale::id codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::id; 
+ 
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::~codecvt() 
+{ 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to); 
+    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf16_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to); 
+    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf8_to_utf16(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    return utf8_to_utf16_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx); 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 4; 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T 
+ 
+// template <> class codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t> 
+ 
+locale::id codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::id; 
+ 
+codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::~codecvt() 
+{ 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to); 
+    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf16_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to); 
+    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf8_to_utf16(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    return utf8_to_utf16_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx); 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 4; 
+} 
+ 
+#endif 
+ 
+// template <> class codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t> 
+ 
+locale::id codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::id; 
+ 
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::~codecvt() 
+{ 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to); 
+    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = ucs4_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to); 
+    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf8_to_ucs4(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    return utf8_to_ucs4_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx); 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 4; 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T 
+ 
+// template <> class codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t> 
+ 
+locale::id codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::id; 
+ 
+codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::~codecvt() 
+{ 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to); 
+    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = ucs4_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to); 
+    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf8_to_ucs4(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::result 
+codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    return utf8_to_ucs4_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx); 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 4; 
+} 
+ 
+#endif 
+ 
+// __codecvt_utf8<wchar_t> 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+#else 
+    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+#endif 
+    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to); 
+    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    result r = ucs2_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                            _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#else 
+    result r = ucs4_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                            _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#endif 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to); 
+    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf8_to_ucs2(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                            _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#else 
+    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to); 
+    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf8_to_ucs4(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                            _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#endif 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    return utf8_to_ucs2_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#else 
+    return utf8_to_ucs4_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#endif 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    if (_Mode_ & consume_header) 
+        return 6; 
+    return 3; 
+#else 
+    if (_Mode_ & consume_header) 
+        return 7; 
+    return 4; 
+#endif 
+} 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+ 
+// __codecvt_utf8<char16_t> 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to); 
+    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = ucs2_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                            _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to); 
+    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf8_to_ucs2(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                            _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    return utf8_to_ucs2_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8<char16_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    if (_Mode_ & consume_header) 
+        return 6; 
+    return 3; 
+} 
+ 
+// __codecvt_utf8<char32_t> 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to); 
+    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = ucs4_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                            _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to); 
+    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf8_to_ucs4(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                            _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    return utf8_to_ucs4_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8<char32_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    if (_Mode_ & consume_header) 
+        return 7; 
+    return 4; 
+} 
+ 
+// __codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false> 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+#else 
+    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+#endif 
+    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to); 
+    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    result r = ucs2_to_utf16be(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#else 
+    result r = ucs4_to_utf16be(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#endif 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to); 
+    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf16be_to_ucs2(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#else 
+    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to); 
+    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf16be_to_ucs4(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#endif 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    return utf16be_to_ucs2_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#else 
+    return utf16be_to_ucs4_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#endif 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, false>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    if (_Mode_ & consume_header) 
+        return 4; 
+    return 2; 
+#else 
+    if (_Mode_ & consume_header) 
+        return 6; 
+    return 4; 
+#endif 
+} 
+ 
+// __codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true> 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+#else 
+    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+#endif 
+    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to); 
+    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    result r = ucs2_to_utf16le(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#else 
+    result r = ucs4_to_utf16le(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#endif 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to); 
+    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf16le_to_ucs2(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#else 
+    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to); 
+    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf16le_to_ucs4(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#endif 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    return utf16le_to_ucs2_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#else 
+    return utf16le_to_ucs4_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#endif 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, true>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    if (_Mode_ & consume_header) 
+        return 4; 
+    return 2; 
+#else 
+    if (_Mode_ & consume_header) 
+        return 6; 
+    return 4; 
+#endif 
+} 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+ 
+// __codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false> 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to); 
+    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = ucs2_to_utf16be(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to); 
+    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf16be_to_ucs2(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    return utf16be_to_ucs2_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, false>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    if (_Mode_ & consume_header) 
+        return 4; 
+    return 2; 
+} 
+ 
+// __codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true> 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to); 
+    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = ucs2_to_utf16le(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to); 
+    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf16le_to_ucs2(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    return utf16le_to_ucs2_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<char16_t, true>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    if (_Mode_ & consume_header) 
+        return 4; 
+    return 2; 
+} 
+ 
+// __codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false> 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to); 
+    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = ucs4_to_utf16be(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to); 
+    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf16be_to_ucs4(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    return utf16be_to_ucs4_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, false>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    if (_Mode_ & consume_header) 
+        return 6; 
+    return 4; 
+} 
+ 
+// __codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true> 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+#else 
+    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+#endif 
+    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to); 
+    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    result r = ucs2_to_utf16le(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#else 
+    result r = ucs4_to_utf16le(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+#endif 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to); 
+    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf16le_to_ucs4(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                               _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::result 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    return utf16le_to_ucs4_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf16<char32_t, true>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    if (_Mode_ & consume_header) 
+        return 6; 
+    return 4; 
+} 
+ 
+// __codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t> 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+#ifdef _WIN32 
+    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+#else 
+    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+#endif 
+    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to); 
+    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf16_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                             _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+#ifdef _WIN32 
+    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to); 
+    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+#else 
+    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to); 
+    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+#endif 
+    result r = utf8_to_utf16(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                             _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    return utf8_to_utf16_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    if (_Mode_ & consume_header) 
+        return 7; 
+    return 4; 
+} 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+ 
+// __codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t> 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint16_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint16_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to); 
+    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf16_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                             _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to); 
+    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf8_to_utf16(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                             _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    return utf8_to_utf16_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    if (_Mode_ & consume_header) 
+        return 7; 
+    return 4; 
+} 
+ 
+// __codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t> 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::do_out(state_type&, 
+    const intern_type* frm, const intern_type* frm_end, const intern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type* to_end, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint32_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint32_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+    uint8_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to); 
+    uint8_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint8_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+    result r = utf16_to_utf8(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                             _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::do_in(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, const extern_type*& frm_nxt, 
+    intern_type* to, intern_type* to_end, intern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_nxt = _frm; 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR) 
+    uint16_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to); 
+    uint16_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint16_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+#else 
+    uint32_t* _to = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to); 
+    uint32_t* _to_end = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(to_end); 
+    uint32_t* _to_nxt = _to; 
+#endif 
+    result r = utf8_to_utf16(_frm, _frm_end, _frm_nxt, _to, _to_end, _to_nxt, 
+                             _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+    frm_nxt = frm + (_frm_nxt - _frm); 
+    to_nxt = to + (_to_nxt - _to); 
+    return r; 
+} 
+ 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::result 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::do_unshift(state_type&, 
+    extern_type* to, extern_type*, extern_type*& to_nxt) const 
+{ 
+    to_nxt = to; 
+    return noconv; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::do_encoding() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return 0; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::do_always_noconv() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    return false; 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::do_length(state_type&, 
+    const extern_type* frm, const extern_type* frm_end, size_t mx) const 
+{ 
+    const uint8_t* _frm = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm); 
+    const uint8_t* _frm_end = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(frm_end); 
+    return utf8_to_utf16_length(_frm, _frm_end, mx, _Maxcode_, _Mode_); 
+} 
+ 
+int 
+__codecvt_utf8_utf16<char32_t>::do_max_length() const noexcept 
+{ 
+    if (_Mode_ & consume_header) 
+        return 7; 
+    return 4; 
+} 
+ 
+// __narrow_to_utf8<16> 
+ 
+__narrow_to_utf8<16>::~__narrow_to_utf8() 
+{ 
+} 
+ 
+// __narrow_to_utf8<32> 
+ 
+__narrow_to_utf8<32>::~__narrow_to_utf8() 
+{ 
+} 
+ 
+// __widen_from_utf8<16> 
+ 
+__widen_from_utf8<16>::~__widen_from_utf8() 
+{ 
+} 
+ 
+// __widen_from_utf8<32> 
+ 
+__widen_from_utf8<32>::~__widen_from_utf8() 
+{ 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+static bool checked_string_to_wchar_convert(wchar_t& dest, 
+                                            const char* ptr, 
+                                            locale_t loc) { 
+  if (*ptr == '\0') 
+    return false; 
+  mbstate_t mb = {}; 
+  wchar_t out; 
+  size_t ret = __libcpp_mbrtowc_l(&out, ptr, strlen(ptr), &mb, loc); 
+  if (ret == static_cast<size_t>(-1) || ret == static_cast<size_t>(-2)) { 
+    return false; 
+  } 
+  dest = out; 
+  return true; 
+} 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+ 
+static bool checked_string_to_char_convert(char& dest, 
+                                           const char* ptr, 
+                                           locale_t __loc) { 
+  if (*ptr == '\0') 
+    return false; 
+  if (!ptr[1]) { 
+    dest = *ptr; 
+    return true; 
+  } 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+  // First convert the MBS into a wide char then attempt to narrow it using 
+  // wctob_l. 
+  wchar_t wout; 
+  if (!checked_string_to_wchar_convert(wout, ptr, __loc)) 
+    return false; 
+  int res; 
+  if ((res = __libcpp_wctob_l(wout, __loc)) != char_traits<char>::eof()) { 
+    dest = res; 
+    return true; 
+  } 
+  // FIXME: Work around specific multibyte sequences that we can reasonably 
+  // translate into a different single byte. 
+  switch (wout) { 
+  case L'\u202F': // narrow non-breaking space 
+  case L'\u00A0': // non-breaking space 
+    dest = ' '; 
+    return true; 
+  default: 
+    return false; 
+  } 
+#else // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+  return false; 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+  _LIBCPP_UNREACHABLE(); 
+} 
+ 
+ 
+// numpunct<char> && numpunct<wchar_t> 
+ 
+locale::id numpunct< char  >::id; 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+locale::id numpunct<wchar_t>::id; 
+#endif 
+ 
+numpunct<char>::numpunct(size_t refs) 
+    : locale::facet(refs), 
+      __decimal_point_('.'), 
+      __thousands_sep_(',') 
+{ 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+numpunct<wchar_t>::numpunct(size_t refs) 
+    : locale::facet(refs), 
+      __decimal_point_(L'.'), 
+      __thousands_sep_(L',') 
+{ 
+} 
+#endif 
+ 
+numpunct<char>::~numpunct() 
+{ 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+numpunct<wchar_t>::~numpunct() 
+{ 
+} 
+#endif 
+ 
+ char   numpunct< char  >::do_decimal_point() const {return __decimal_point_;} 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+wchar_t numpunct<wchar_t>::do_decimal_point() const {return __decimal_point_;} 
+#endif 
+ 
+ char   numpunct< char  >::do_thousands_sep() const {return __thousands_sep_;} 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+wchar_t numpunct<wchar_t>::do_thousands_sep() const {return __thousands_sep_;} 
+#endif 
+ 
+string numpunct< char  >::do_grouping() const {return __grouping_;} 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+string numpunct<wchar_t>::do_grouping() const {return __grouping_;} 
+#endif 
+ 
+ string numpunct< char  >::do_truename() const {return "true";} 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+wstring numpunct<wchar_t>::do_truename() const {return L"true";} 
+#endif 
+ 
+ string numpunct< char  >::do_falsename() const {return "false";} 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+wstring numpunct<wchar_t>::do_falsename() const {return L"false";} 
+#endif 
+ 
+// numpunct_byname<char> 
+ 
+numpunct_byname<char>::numpunct_byname(const char* nm, size_t refs) 
+    : numpunct<char>(refs) 
+{ 
+    __init(nm); 
+} 
+ 
+numpunct_byname<char>::numpunct_byname(const string& nm, size_t refs) 
+    : numpunct<char>(refs) 
+{ 
+    __init(nm.c_str()); 
+} 
+ 
+numpunct_byname<char>::~numpunct_byname() 
+{ 
+} 
+ 
+void 
+numpunct_byname<char>::__init(const char* nm) 
+{ 
+    typedef numpunct<char> base; 
+    if (strcmp(nm, "C") != 0) 
+    { 
+        __libcpp_unique_locale loc(nm); 
+        if (!loc) 
+            __throw_runtime_error("numpunct_byname<char>::numpunct_byname" 
+                                " failed to construct for " + string(nm)); 
+ 
+        lconv* lc = __libcpp_localeconv_l(loc.get()); 
+        if (!checked_string_to_char_convert(__decimal_point_, lc->decimal_point, 
+                                            loc.get())) 
+            __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point(); 
+        if (!checked_string_to_char_convert(__thousands_sep_, lc->thousands_sep, 
+                                            loc.get())) 
+            __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep(); 
+        __grouping_ = lc->grouping; 
+        // localization for truename and falsename is not available 
+    } 
+} 
+ 
+// numpunct_byname<wchar_t> 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::numpunct_byname(const char* nm, size_t refs) 
+    : numpunct<wchar_t>(refs) 
+{ 
+    __init(nm); 
+} 
+ 
+numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::numpunct_byname(const string& nm, size_t refs) 
+    : numpunct<wchar_t>(refs) 
+{ 
+    __init(nm.c_str()); 
+} 
+ 
+numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::~numpunct_byname() 
+{ 
+} 
+ 
+void 
+numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::__init(const char* nm) 
+{ 
+    if (strcmp(nm, "C") != 0) 
+    { 
+        __libcpp_unique_locale loc(nm); 
+        if (!loc) 
+            __throw_runtime_error("numpunct_byname<wchar_t>::numpunct_byname" 
+                                " failed to construct for " + string(nm)); 
+ 
+        lconv* lc = __libcpp_localeconv_l(loc.get()); 
+        checked_string_to_wchar_convert(__decimal_point_, lc->decimal_point, 
+                                        loc.get()); 
+        checked_string_to_wchar_convert(__thousands_sep_, lc->thousands_sep, 
+                                        loc.get()); 
+        __grouping_ = lc->grouping; 
+        // localization for truename and falsename is not available 
+    } 
+} 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+ 
+// num_get helpers 
+ 
+int 
+__num_get_base::__get_base(ios_base& iob) 
+{ 
+    ios_base::fmtflags __basefield = iob.flags() & ios_base::basefield; 
+    if (__basefield == ios_base::oct) 
+        return 8; 
+    else if (__basefield == ios_base::hex) 
+        return 16; 
+    else if (__basefield == 0) 
+        return 0; 
+    return 10; 
+} 
+ 
+const char __num_get_base::__src[33] = "0123456789abcdefABCDEFxX+-pPiInN"; 
+ 
+void 
+__check_grouping(const string& __grouping, unsigned* __g, unsigned* __g_end, 
+                 ios_base::iostate& __err) 
+{ 
+//  if the grouping pattern is empty _or_ there are no grouping bits, then do nothing 
+//  we always have at least a single entry in [__g, __g_end); the end of the input sequence 
 	if (__grouping.size() != 0 && __g_end - __g > 1)
-    {
-        reverse(__g, __g_end);
-        const char* __ig = __grouping.data();
-        const char* __eg = __ig + __grouping.size();
-        for (unsigned* __r = __g; __r < __g_end-1; ++__r)
-        {
-            if (0 < *__ig && *__ig < numeric_limits<char>::max())
-            {
-                if (static_cast<unsigned>(*__ig) != *__r)
-                {
-                    __err = ios_base::failbit;
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-            if (__eg - __ig > 1)
-                ++__ig;
-        }
-        if (0 < *__ig && *__ig < numeric_limits<char>::max())
-        {
-            if (static_cast<unsigned>(*__ig) < __g_end[-1] || __g_end[-1] == 0)
-                __err = ios_base::failbit;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void
-__num_put_base::__format_int(char* __fmtp, const char* __len, bool __signd,
-                             ios_base::fmtflags __flags)
-{
-    if ((__flags & ios_base::showpos) &&
-        (__flags & ios_base::basefield) != ios_base::oct &&
-        (__flags & ios_base::basefield) != ios_base::hex &&
-    __signd)
-        *__fmtp++ = '+';
-    if (__flags & ios_base::showbase)
-        *__fmtp++ = '#';
-    while(*__len)
-        *__fmtp++ = *__len++;
-    if ((__flags & ios_base::basefield) == ios_base::oct)
-        *__fmtp = 'o';
-    else if ((__flags & ios_base::basefield) == ios_base::hex)
-    {
-        if (__flags & ios_base::uppercase)
-            *__fmtp = 'X';
-        else
-            *__fmtp = 'x';
-    }
-    else if (__signd)
-        *__fmtp = 'd';
-    else
-        *__fmtp = 'u';
-}
-
-bool
-__num_put_base::__format_float(char* __fmtp, const char* __len,
-                               ios_base::fmtflags __flags)
-{
-    bool specify_precision = true;
-    if (__flags & ios_base::showpos)
-        *__fmtp++ = '+';
-    if (__flags & ios_base::showpoint)
-        *__fmtp++ = '#';
-    ios_base::fmtflags floatfield = __flags & ios_base::floatfield;
-    bool uppercase = (__flags & ios_base::uppercase) != 0;
-    if (floatfield == (ios_base::fixed | ios_base::scientific))
-        specify_precision = false;
-    else
-    {
-        *__fmtp++ = '.';
-        *__fmtp++ = '*';
-    }
-    while(*__len)
-        *__fmtp++ = *__len++;
-    if (floatfield == ios_base::fixed)
-    {
-        if (uppercase)
-            *__fmtp = 'F';
-        else
-            *__fmtp = 'f';
-    }
-    else if (floatfield == ios_base::scientific)
-    {
-        if (uppercase)
-            *__fmtp = 'E';
-        else
-            *__fmtp = 'e';
-    }
-    else if (floatfield == (ios_base::fixed | ios_base::scientific))
-    {
-        if (uppercase)
-            *__fmtp = 'A';
-        else
-            *__fmtp = 'a';
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        if (uppercase)
-            *__fmtp = 'G';
-        else
-            *__fmtp = 'g';
-    }
-    return specify_precision;
-}
-
-char*
-__num_put_base::__identify_padding(char* __nb, char* __ne,
-                                   const ios_base& __iob)
-{
-    switch (__iob.flags() & ios_base::adjustfield)
-    {
-    case ios_base::internal:
-        if (__nb[0] == '-' || __nb[0] == '+')
-            return __nb+1;
-        if (__ne - __nb >= 2 && __nb[0] == '0'
-                            && (__nb[1] == 'x' || __nb[1] == 'X'))
-            return __nb+2;
-        break;
-    case ios_base::left:
-        return __ne;
-    case ios_base::right:
-    default:
-        break;
-    }
-    return __nb;
-}
-
-// time_get
-
-static
-string*
-init_weeks()
-{
-    static string weeks[14];
-    weeks[0]  = "Sunday";
-    weeks[1]  = "Monday";
-    weeks[2]  = "Tuesday";
-    weeks[3]  = "Wednesday";
-    weeks[4]  = "Thursday";
-    weeks[5]  = "Friday";
-    weeks[6]  = "Saturday";
-    weeks[7]  = "Sun";
-    weeks[8]  = "Mon";
-    weeks[9]  = "Tue";
-    weeks[10] = "Wed";
-    weeks[11] = "Thu";
-    weeks[12] = "Fri";
-    weeks[13] = "Sat";
-    return weeks;
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-static
-wstring*
-init_wweeks()
-{
-    static wstring weeks[14];
-    weeks[0]  = L"Sunday";
-    weeks[1]  = L"Monday";
-    weeks[2]  = L"Tuesday";
-    weeks[3]  = L"Wednesday";
-    weeks[4]  = L"Thursday";
-    weeks[5]  = L"Friday";
-    weeks[6]  = L"Saturday";
-    weeks[7]  = L"Sun";
-    weeks[8]  = L"Mon";
-    weeks[9]  = L"Tue";
-    weeks[10] = L"Wed";
-    weeks[11] = L"Thu";
-    weeks[12] = L"Fri";
-    weeks[13] = L"Sat";
-    return weeks;
-}
-#endif
-
-template <>
-const string*
-__time_get_c_storage<char>::__weeks() const
-{
-    static const string* weeks = init_weeks();
-    return weeks;
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-template <>
-const wstring*
-__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__weeks() const
-{
-    static const wstring* weeks = init_wweeks();
-    return weeks;
-}
-#endif
-
-static
-string*
-init_months()
-{
-    static string months[24];
-    months[0]  = "January";
-    months[1]  = "February";
-    months[2]  = "March";
-    months[3]  = "April";
-    months[4]  = "May";
-    months[5]  = "June";
-    months[6]  = "July";
-    months[7]  = "August";
-    months[8]  = "September";
-    months[9]  = "October";
-    months[10] = "November";
-    months[11] = "December";
-    months[12] = "Jan";
-    months[13] = "Feb";
-    months[14] = "Mar";
-    months[15] = "Apr";
-    months[16] = "May";
-    months[17] = "Jun";
-    months[18] = "Jul";
-    months[19] = "Aug";
-    months[20] = "Sep";
-    months[21] = "Oct";
-    months[22] = "Nov";
-    months[23] = "Dec";
-    return months;
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-static
-wstring*
-init_wmonths()
-{
-    static wstring months[24];
-    months[0]  = L"January";
-    months[1]  = L"February";
-    months[2]  = L"March";
-    months[3]  = L"April";
-    months[4]  = L"May";
-    months[5]  = L"June";
-    months[6]  = L"July";
-    months[7]  = L"August";
-    months[8]  = L"September";
-    months[9]  = L"October";
-    months[10] = L"November";
-    months[11] = L"December";
-    months[12] = L"Jan";
-    months[13] = L"Feb";
-    months[14] = L"Mar";
-    months[15] = L"Apr";
-    months[16] = L"May";
-    months[17] = L"Jun";
-    months[18] = L"Jul";
-    months[19] = L"Aug";
-    months[20] = L"Sep";
-    months[21] = L"Oct";
-    months[22] = L"Nov";
-    months[23] = L"Dec";
-    return months;
-}
-#endif
-
-template <>
-const string*
-__time_get_c_storage<char>::__months() const
-{
-    static const string* months = init_months();
-    return months;
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-template <>
-const wstring*
-__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__months() const
-{
-    static const wstring* months = init_wmonths();
-    return months;
-}
-#endif
-
-static
-string*
-init_am_pm()
-{
-    static string am_pm[2];
-    am_pm[0]  = "AM";
-    am_pm[1]  = "PM";
-    return am_pm;
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-static
-wstring*
-init_wam_pm()
-{
-    static wstring am_pm[2];
-    am_pm[0]  = L"AM";
-    am_pm[1]  = L"PM";
-    return am_pm;
-}
-#endif
-
-template <>
-const string*
-__time_get_c_storage<char>::__am_pm() const
-{
-    static const string* am_pm = init_am_pm();
-    return am_pm;
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-template <>
-const wstring*
-__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__am_pm() const
-{
-    static const wstring* am_pm = init_wam_pm();
-    return am_pm;
-}
-#endif
-
-template <>
-const string&
-__time_get_c_storage<char>::__x() const
-{
-    static string s("%m/%d/%y");
-    return s;
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-template <>
-const wstring&
-__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__x() const
-{
-    static wstring s(L"%m/%d/%y");
-    return s;
-}
-#endif
-
-template <>
-const string&
-__time_get_c_storage<char>::__X() const
-{
-    static string s("%H:%M:%S");
-    return s;
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-template <>
-const wstring&
-__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__X() const
-{
-    static wstring s(L"%H:%M:%S");
-    return s;
-}
-#endif
-
-template <>
-const string&
-__time_get_c_storage<char>::__c() const
-{
-    static string s("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y");
-    return s;
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-template <>
-const wstring&
-__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__c() const
-{
-    static wstring s(L"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y");
-    return s;
-}
-#endif
-
-template <>
-const string&
-__time_get_c_storage<char>::__r() const
-{
-    static string s("%I:%M:%S %p");
-    return s;
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-template <>
-const wstring&
-__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__r() const
-{
-    static wstring s(L"%I:%M:%S %p");
-    return s;
-}
-#endif
-
-// time_get_byname
-
-__time_get::__time_get(const char* nm)
-    : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0))
-{
-    if (__loc_ == 0)
-        __throw_runtime_error("time_get_byname"
-                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
-}
-
-__time_get::__time_get(const string& nm)
-    : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm.c_str(), 0))
-{
-    if (__loc_ == 0)
-        __throw_runtime_error("time_get_byname"
-                            " failed to construct for " + nm);
-}
-
-__time_get::~__time_get()
-{
-    freelocale(__loc_);
-}
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-field-initializers"
-#endif
-#if defined(__GNUG__)
-#pragma GCC   diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-field-initializers"
-#endif
-
-template <>
-string
-__time_get_storage<char>::__analyze(char fmt, const ctype<char>& ct)
-{
-    tm t = {0};
-    t.tm_sec = 59;
-    t.tm_min = 55;
-    t.tm_hour = 23;
-    t.tm_mday = 31;
-    t.tm_mon = 11;
-    t.tm_year = 161;
-    t.tm_wday = 6;
-    t.tm_yday = 364;
-    t.tm_isdst = -1;
-    char buf[100];
-    char f[3] = {0};
-    f[0] = '%';
-    f[1] = fmt;
-    size_t n = strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), f, &t, __loc_);
-    char* bb = buf;
-    char* be = buf + n;
-    string result;
-    while (bb != be)
-    {
-        if (ct.is(ctype_base::space, *bb))
-        {
-            result.push_back(' ');
-            for (++bb; bb != be && ct.is(ctype_base::space, *bb); ++bb)
-                ;
-            continue;
-        }
-        char* w = bb;
-        ios_base::iostate err = ios_base::goodbit;
-        ptrdiff_t i = __scan_keyword(w, be, this->__weeks_, this->__weeks_+14,
-                               ct, err, false)
-                               - this->__weeks_;
-        if (i < 14)
-        {
-            result.push_back('%');
-            if (i < 7)
-                result.push_back('A');
-            else
-                result.push_back('a');
-            bb = w;
-            continue;
-        }
-        w = bb;
-        i = __scan_keyword(w, be, this->__months_, this->__months_+24,
-                           ct, err, false)
-                           - this->__months_;
-        if (i < 24)
-        {
-            result.push_back('%');
-            if (i < 12)
-                result.push_back('B');
-            else
-                result.push_back('b');
-            if (fmt == 'x' && ct.is(ctype_base::digit, this->__months_[i][0]))
-                result.back() = 'm';
-            bb = w;
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (this->__am_pm_[0].size() + this->__am_pm_[1].size() > 0)
-        {
-            w = bb;
-            i = __scan_keyword(w, be, this->__am_pm_, this->__am_pm_+2,
-                               ct, err, false) - this->__am_pm_;
-            if (i < 2)
-            {
-                result.push_back('%');
-                result.push_back('p');
-                bb = w;
-                continue;
-            }
-        }
-        w = bb;
-        if (ct.is(ctype_base::digit, *bb))
-        {
-            switch(__get_up_to_n_digits(bb, be, err, ct, 4))
-            {
-            case 6:
-                result.push_back('%');
-                result.push_back('w');
-                break;
-            case 7:
-                result.push_back('%');
-                result.push_back('u');
-                break;
-            case 11:
-                result.push_back('%');
-                result.push_back('I');
-                break;
-            case 12:
-                result.push_back('%');
-                result.push_back('m');
-                break;
-            case 23:
-                result.push_back('%');
-                result.push_back('H');
-                break;
-            case 31:
-                result.push_back('%');
-                result.push_back('d');
-                break;
-            case 55:
-                result.push_back('%');
-                result.push_back('M');
-                break;
-            case 59:
-                result.push_back('%');
-                result.push_back('S');
-                break;
-            case 61:
-                result.push_back('%');
-                result.push_back('y');
-                break;
-            case 364:
-                result.push_back('%');
-                result.push_back('j');
-                break;
-            case 2061:
-                result.push_back('%');
-                result.push_back('Y');
-                break;
-            default:
-                for (; w != bb; ++w)
-                    result.push_back(*w);
-                break;
-            }
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (*bb == '%')
-        {
-            result.push_back('%');
-            result.push_back('%');
-            ++bb;
-            continue;
-        }
-        result.push_back(*bb);
-        ++bb;
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-braces"
-#endif
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-template <>
-wstring
-__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::__analyze(char fmt, const ctype<wchar_t>& ct)
-{
-    tm t = {0};
-    t.tm_sec = 59;
-    t.tm_min = 55;
-    t.tm_hour = 23;
-    t.tm_mday = 31;
-    t.tm_mon = 11;
-    t.tm_year = 161;
-    t.tm_wday = 6;
-    t.tm_yday = 364;
-    t.tm_isdst = -1;
-    char buf[100];
-    char f[3] = {0};
-    f[0] = '%';
-    f[1] = fmt;
-    strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), f, &t, __loc_);
-    wchar_t wbuf[100];
-    wchar_t* wbb = wbuf;
-    mbstate_t mb = {0};
-    const char* bb = buf;
-    size_t j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l( wbb, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, __loc_);
-    if (j == size_t(-1))
-        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
-    wchar_t* wbe = wbb + j;
-    wstring result;
-    while (wbb != wbe)
-    {
-        if (ct.is(ctype_base::space, *wbb))
-        {
-            result.push_back(L' ');
-            for (++wbb; wbb != wbe && ct.is(ctype_base::space, *wbb); ++wbb)
-                ;
-            continue;
-        }
-        wchar_t* w = wbb;
-        ios_base::iostate err = ios_base::goodbit;
-        ptrdiff_t i = __scan_keyword(w, wbe, this->__weeks_, this->__weeks_+14,
-                               ct, err, false)
-                               - this->__weeks_;
-        if (i < 14)
-        {
-            result.push_back(L'%');
-            if (i < 7)
-                result.push_back(L'A');
-            else
-                result.push_back(L'a');
-            wbb = w;
-            continue;
-        }
-        w = wbb;
-        i = __scan_keyword(w, wbe, this->__months_, this->__months_+24,
-                           ct, err, false)
-                           - this->__months_;
-        if (i < 24)
-        {
-            result.push_back(L'%');
-            if (i < 12)
-                result.push_back(L'B');
-            else
-                result.push_back(L'b');
-            if (fmt == 'x' && ct.is(ctype_base::digit, this->__months_[i][0]))
-                result.back() = L'm';
-            wbb = w;
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (this->__am_pm_[0].size() + this->__am_pm_[1].size() > 0)
-        {
-            w = wbb;
-            i = __scan_keyword(w, wbe, this->__am_pm_, this->__am_pm_+2,
-                               ct, err, false) - this->__am_pm_;
-            if (i < 2)
-            {
-                result.push_back(L'%');
-                result.push_back(L'p');
-                wbb = w;
-                continue;
-            }
-        }
-        w = wbb;
-        if (ct.is(ctype_base::digit, *wbb))
-        {
-            switch(__get_up_to_n_digits(wbb, wbe, err, ct, 4))
-            {
-            case 6:
-                result.push_back(L'%');
-                result.push_back(L'w');
-                break;
-            case 7:
-                result.push_back(L'%');
-                result.push_back(L'u');
-                break;
-            case 11:
-                result.push_back(L'%');
-                result.push_back(L'I');
-                break;
-            case 12:
-                result.push_back(L'%');
-                result.push_back(L'm');
-                break;
-            case 23:
-                result.push_back(L'%');
-                result.push_back(L'H');
-                break;
-            case 31:
-                result.push_back(L'%');
-                result.push_back(L'd');
-                break;
-            case 55:
-                result.push_back(L'%');
-                result.push_back(L'M');
-                break;
-            case 59:
-                result.push_back(L'%');
-                result.push_back(L'S');
-                break;
-            case 61:
-                result.push_back(L'%');
-                result.push_back(L'y');
-                break;
-            case 364:
-                result.push_back(L'%');
-                result.push_back(L'j');
-                break;
-            case 2061:
-                result.push_back(L'%');
-                result.push_back(L'Y');
-                break;
-            default:
-                for (; w != wbb; ++w)
-                    result.push_back(*w);
-                break;
-            }
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (ct.narrow(*wbb, 0) == '%')
-        {
-            result.push_back(L'%');
-            result.push_back(L'%');
-            ++wbb;
-            continue;
-        }
-        result.push_back(*wbb);
-        ++wbb;
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-
-template <>
-void
-__time_get_storage<char>::init(const ctype<char>& ct)
-{
-    tm t = {0};
-    char buf[100];
-    // __weeks_
-    for (int i = 0; i < 7; ++i)
-    {
-        t.tm_wday = i;
-        strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%A", &t, __loc_);
-        __weeks_[i] = buf;
-        strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%a", &t, __loc_);
-        __weeks_[i+7] = buf;
-    }
-    // __months_
-    for (int i = 0; i < 12; ++i)
-    {
-        t.tm_mon = i;
-        strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%B", &t, __loc_);
-        __months_[i] = buf;
-        strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%b", &t, __loc_);
-        __months_[i+12] = buf;
-    }
-    // __am_pm_
-    t.tm_hour = 1;
-    strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%p", &t, __loc_);
-    __am_pm_[0] = buf;
-    t.tm_hour = 13;
-    strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%p", &t, __loc_);
-    __am_pm_[1] = buf;
-    __c_ = __analyze('c', ct);
-    __r_ = __analyze('r', ct);
-    __x_ = __analyze('x', ct);
-    __X_ = __analyze('X', ct);
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-template <>
-void
-__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::init(const ctype<wchar_t>& ct)
-{
-    tm t = {0};
-    char buf[100];
-    wchar_t wbuf[100];
-    wchar_t* wbe;
-    mbstate_t mb = {0};
-    // __weeks_
-    for (int i = 0; i < 7; ++i)
-    {
-        t.tm_wday = i;
-        strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%A", &t, __loc_);
-        mb = mbstate_t();
-        const char* bb = buf;
-        size_t j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, __loc_);
-        if (j == size_t(-1) || j == 0)
-            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
-        wbe = wbuf + j;
-        __weeks_[i].assign(wbuf, wbe);
-        strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%a", &t, __loc_);
-        mb = mbstate_t();
-        bb = buf;
-        j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, __loc_);
-        if (j == size_t(-1) || j == 0)
-            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
-        wbe = wbuf + j;
-        __weeks_[i+7].assign(wbuf, wbe);
-    }
-    // __months_
-    for (int i = 0; i < 12; ++i)
-    {
-        t.tm_mon = i;
-        strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%B", &t, __loc_);
-        mb = mbstate_t();
-        const char* bb = buf;
-        size_t j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, __loc_);
-        if (j == size_t(-1) || j == 0)
-            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
-        wbe = wbuf + j;
-        __months_[i].assign(wbuf, wbe);
-        strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%b", &t, __loc_);
-        mb = mbstate_t();
-        bb = buf;
-        j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, __loc_);
-        if (j == size_t(-1) || j == 0)
-            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
-        wbe = wbuf + j;
-        __months_[i+12].assign(wbuf, wbe);
-    }
-    // __am_pm_
-    t.tm_hour = 1;
-    strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%p", &t, __loc_);
-    mb = mbstate_t();
-    const char* bb = buf;
-    size_t j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, __loc_);
-    if (j == size_t(-1))
-        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
-    wbe = wbuf + j;
-    __am_pm_[0].assign(wbuf, wbe);
-    t.tm_hour = 13;
-    strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%p", &t, __loc_);
-    mb = mbstate_t();
-    bb = buf;
-    j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, __loc_);
-    if (j == size_t(-1))
-        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
-    wbe = wbuf + j;
-    __am_pm_[1].assign(wbuf, wbe);
-    __c_ = __analyze('c', ct);
-    __r_ = __analyze('r', ct);
-    __x_ = __analyze('x', ct);
-    __X_ = __analyze('X', ct);
-}
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-
-template <class CharT>
-struct _LIBCPP_HIDDEN __time_get_temp
-    : public ctype_byname<CharT>
-{
-    explicit __time_get_temp(const char* nm)
-        : ctype_byname<CharT>(nm, 1) {}
-    explicit __time_get_temp(const string& nm)
-        : ctype_byname<CharT>(nm, 1) {}
-};
-
-template <>
-__time_get_storage<char>::__time_get_storage(const char* __nm)
-    : __time_get(__nm)
-{
-    const __time_get_temp<char> ct(__nm);
-    init(ct);
-}
-
-template <>
-__time_get_storage<char>::__time_get_storage(const string& __nm)
-    : __time_get(__nm)
-{
-    const __time_get_temp<char> ct(__nm);
-    init(ct);
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-template <>
-__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::__time_get_storage(const char* __nm)
-    : __time_get(__nm)
-{
-    const __time_get_temp<wchar_t> ct(__nm);
-    init(ct);
-}
-
-template <>
-__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::__time_get_storage(const string& __nm)
-    : __time_get(__nm)
-{
-    const __time_get_temp<wchar_t> ct(__nm);
-    init(ct);
-}
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-
-template <>
-time_base::dateorder
-__time_get_storage<char>::__do_date_order() const
-{
-    unsigned i;
-    for (i = 0; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
-        if (__x_[i] == '%')
-            break;
-    ++i;
-    switch (__x_[i])
-    {
-    case 'y':
-    case 'Y':
-        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
-            if (__x_[i] == '%')
-                break;
-        if (i == __x_.size())
-            break;
-        ++i;
-        switch (__x_[i])
-        {
-        case 'm':
-            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
-                if (__x_[i] == '%')
-                    break;
-            if (i == __x_.size())
-                break;
-            ++i;
-            if (__x_[i] == 'd')
-                return time_base::ymd;
-            break;
-        case 'd':
-            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
-                if (__x_[i] == '%')
-                    break;
-            if (i == __x_.size())
-                break;
-            ++i;
-            if (__x_[i] == 'm')
-                return time_base::ydm;
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-    case 'm':
-        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
-            if (__x_[i] == '%')
-                break;
-        if (i == __x_.size())
-            break;
-        ++i;
-        if (__x_[i] == 'd')
-        {
-            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
-                if (__x_[i] == '%')
-                    break;
-            if (i == __x_.size())
-                break;
-            ++i;
-            if (__x_[i] == 'y' || __x_[i] == 'Y')
-                return time_base::mdy;
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-    case 'd':
-        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
-            if (__x_[i] == '%')
-                break;
-        if (i == __x_.size())
-            break;
-        ++i;
-        if (__x_[i] == 'm')
-        {
-            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
-                if (__x_[i] == '%')
-                    break;
-            if (i == __x_.size())
-                break;
-            ++i;
-            if (__x_[i] == 'y' || __x_[i] == 'Y')
-                return time_base::dmy;
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-    return time_base::no_order;
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-template <>
-time_base::dateorder
-__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::__do_date_order() const
-{
-    unsigned i;
-    for (i = 0; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
-        if (__x_[i] == L'%')
-            break;
-    ++i;
-    switch (__x_[i])
-    {
-    case L'y':
-    case L'Y':
-        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
-            if (__x_[i] == L'%')
-                break;
-        if (i == __x_.size())
-            break;
-        ++i;
-        switch (__x_[i])
-        {
-        case L'm':
-            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
-                if (__x_[i] == L'%')
-                    break;
-            if (i == __x_.size())
-                break;
-            ++i;
-            if (__x_[i] == L'd')
-                return time_base::ymd;
-            break;
-        case L'd':
-            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
-                if (__x_[i] == L'%')
-                    break;
-            if (i == __x_.size())
-                break;
-            ++i;
-            if (__x_[i] == L'm')
-                return time_base::ydm;
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-    case L'm':
-        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
-            if (__x_[i] == L'%')
-                break;
-        if (i == __x_.size())
-            break;
-        ++i;
-        if (__x_[i] == L'd')
-        {
-            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
-                if (__x_[i] == L'%')
-                    break;
-            if (i == __x_.size())
-                break;
-            ++i;
-            if (__x_[i] == L'y' || __x_[i] == L'Y')
-                return time_base::mdy;
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-    case L'd':
-        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
-            if (__x_[i] == L'%')
-                break;
-        if (i == __x_.size())
-            break;
-        ++i;
-        if (__x_[i] == L'm')
-        {
-            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i)
-                if (__x_[i] == L'%')
-                    break;
-            if (i == __x_.size())
-                break;
-            ++i;
-            if (__x_[i] == L'y' || __x_[i] == L'Y')
-                return time_base::dmy;
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-    return time_base::no_order;
-}
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-
-// time_put
-
-__time_put::__time_put(const char* nm)
-    : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0))
-{
-    if (__loc_ == 0)
-        __throw_runtime_error("time_put_byname"
-                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
-}
-
-__time_put::__time_put(const string& nm)
-    : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm.c_str(), 0))
-{
-    if (__loc_ == 0)
-        __throw_runtime_error("time_put_byname"
-                            " failed to construct for " + nm);
-}
-
-__time_put::~__time_put()
-{
-    if (__loc_ != _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE)
-        freelocale(__loc_);
-}
-
-void
-__time_put::__do_put(char* __nb, char*& __ne, const tm* __tm,
-                     char __fmt, char __mod) const
-{
-    char fmt[] = {'%', __fmt, __mod, 0};
-    if (__mod != 0)
-        swap(fmt[1], fmt[2]);
-    size_t n = strftime_l(__nb, countof(__nb, __ne), fmt, __tm, __loc_);
-    __ne = __nb + n;
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-void
-__time_put::__do_put(wchar_t* __wb, wchar_t*& __we, const tm* __tm,
-                     char __fmt, char __mod) const
-{
-    char __nar[100];
-    char* __ne = __nar + 100;
-    __do_put(__nar, __ne, __tm, __fmt, __mod);
-    mbstate_t mb = {0};
-    const char* __nb = __nar;
-    size_t j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(__wb, &__nb, countof(__wb, __we), &mb, __loc_);
-    if (j == size_t(-1))
-        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
-    __we = __wb + j;
-}
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-
-// moneypunct_byname
-
-template <class charT>
-static
-void
-__init_pat(money_base::pattern& pat, basic_string<charT>& __curr_symbol_,
-           bool intl, char cs_precedes, char sep_by_space, char sign_posn,
-           charT space_char)
-{
-    const char sign = static_cast<char>(money_base::sign);
-    const char space = static_cast<char>(money_base::space);
-    const char none = static_cast<char>(money_base::none);
-    const char symbol = static_cast<char>(money_base::symbol);
-    const char value = static_cast<char>(money_base::value);
-    const bool symbol_contains_sep = intl && __curr_symbol_.size() == 4;
-
-    // Comments on case branches reflect 'C11 7.11.2.1 The localeconv
-    // function'. "Space between sign and symbol or value" means that
-    // if the sign is adjacent to the symbol, there's a space between
-    // them, and otherwise there's a space between the sign and value.
-    //
-    // C11's localeconv specifies that the fourth character of an
-    // international curr_symbol is used to separate the sign and
-    // value when sep_by_space says to do so. C++ can't represent
-    // that, so we just use a space.  When sep_by_space says to
-    // separate the symbol and value-or-sign with a space, we rearrange the
-    // curr_symbol to put its spacing character on the correct side of
-    // the symbol.
-    //
-    // We also need to avoid adding an extra space between the sign
-    // and value when the currency symbol is suppressed (by not
-    // setting showbase).  We match glibc's strfmon by interpreting
-    // sep_by_space==1 as "omit the space when the currency symbol is
-    // absent".
-    //
-    // Users who want to get this right should use ICU instead.
-
-    switch (cs_precedes)
-    {
-    case 0:  // value before curr_symbol
-        if (symbol_contains_sep) {
-            // Move the separator to before the symbol, to place it
-            // between the value and symbol.
-            rotate(__curr_symbol_.begin(), __curr_symbol_.begin() + 3,
-                   __curr_symbol_.end());
-        }
-        switch (sign_posn)
-        {
-        case 0:  // Parentheses surround the quantity and currency symbol.
-            pat.field[0] = sign;
-            pat.field[1] = value;
-            pat.field[2] = none;  // Any space appears in the symbol.
-            pat.field[3] = symbol;
-            switch (sep_by_space)
-            {
-            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value.
-                // This case may have changed between C99 and C11;
-                // assume the currency symbol matches the intention.
-            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value.
-                // The "sign" is two parentheses, so no space here either.
-                return;
-            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value.
-                if (!symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of
-                    // setting pat.field[2]=space so that when
-                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too.
-                    __curr_symbol_.insert((size_t)0, 1, space_char);
-                }
-                return;
-            default:
-                break;
-            }
-            break;
-        case 1:  // The sign string precedes the quantity and currency symbol.
-            pat.field[0] = sign;
-            pat.field[3] = symbol;
-            switch (sep_by_space)
-            {
-            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value.
-                pat.field[1] = value;
-                pat.field[2] = none;
-                return;
-            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value.
-                pat.field[1] = value;
-                pat.field[2] = none;
-                if (!symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of
-                    // setting pat.field[2]=space so that when
-                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too.
-                    __curr_symbol_.insert((size_t)0, 1, space_char);
-                }
-                return;
-            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value.
-                pat.field[1] = space;
-                pat.field[2] = value;
-                if (symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // Remove the separator from the symbol, since it
-                    // has already appeared after the sign.
-                    __curr_symbol_.erase(__curr_symbol_.begin());
-                }
-                return;
-            default:
-                break;
-            }
-            break;
-        case 2:  // The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency symbol.
-            pat.field[0] = value;
-            pat.field[3] = sign;
-            switch (sep_by_space)
-            {
-            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value.
-                pat.field[1] = none;
-                pat.field[2] = symbol;
-                return;
-            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value.
-                if (!symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of
-                    // setting pat.field[1]=space so that when
-                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too.
-                    __curr_symbol_.insert((size_t)0, 1, space_char);
-                }
-                pat.field[1] = none;
-                pat.field[2] = symbol;
-                return;
-            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value.
-                pat.field[1] = symbol;
-                pat.field[2] = space;
-                if (symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // Remove the separator from the symbol, since it
-                    // should not be removed if showbase is absent.
-                    __curr_symbol_.erase(__curr_symbol_.begin());
-                }
-                return;
-            default:
-                break;
-            }
-            break;
-        case 3:  // The sign string immediately precedes the currency symbol.
-            pat.field[0] = value;
-            pat.field[3] = symbol;
-            switch (sep_by_space)
-            {
-            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value.
-                pat.field[1] = none;
-                pat.field[2] = sign;
-                return;
-            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value.
-                pat.field[1] = space;
-                pat.field[2] = sign;
-                if (symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // Remove the separator from the symbol, since it
-                    // has already appeared before the sign.
-                    __curr_symbol_.erase(__curr_symbol_.begin());
-                }
-                return;
-            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value.
-                pat.field[1] = sign;
-                pat.field[2] = none;
-                if (!symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of
-                    // setting pat.field[2]=space so that when
-                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too.
-                    __curr_symbol_.insert((size_t)0, 1, space_char);
-                }
-                return;
-            default:
-                break;
-            }
-            break;
-        case 4:  // The sign string immediately succeeds the currency symbol.
-            pat.field[0] = value;
-            pat.field[3] = sign;
-            switch (sep_by_space)
-            {
-            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value.
-                pat.field[1] = none;
-                pat.field[2] = symbol;
-                return;
-            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value.
-                pat.field[1] = none;
-                pat.field[2] = symbol;
-                if (!symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of
-                    // setting pat.field[1]=space so that when
-                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too.
-                    __curr_symbol_.insert((size_t)0, 1, space_char);
-                }
-                return;
-            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value.
-                pat.field[1] = symbol;
-                pat.field[2] = space;
-                if (symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // Remove the separator from the symbol, since it
-                    // should not disappear when showbase is absent.
-                    __curr_symbol_.erase(__curr_symbol_.begin());
-                }
-                return;
-            default:
-                break;
-            }
-            break;
-        default:
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-    case 1:  // curr_symbol before value
-        switch (sign_posn)
-        {
-        case 0:  // Parentheses surround the quantity and currency symbol.
-            pat.field[0] = sign;
-            pat.field[1] = symbol;
-            pat.field[2] = none;  // Any space appears in the symbol.
-            pat.field[3] = value;
-            switch (sep_by_space)
-            {
-            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value.
-                // This case may have changed between C99 and C11;
-                // assume the currency symbol matches the intention.
-            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value.
-                // The "sign" is two parentheses, so no space here either.
-                return;
-            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value.
-                if (!symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of
-                    // setting pat.field[2]=space so that when
-                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too.
-                    __curr_symbol_.insert((size_t)0, 1, space_char);
-                }
-                return;
-            default:
-                break;
-            }
-            break;
-        case 1:  // The sign string precedes the quantity and currency symbol.
-            pat.field[0] = sign;
-            pat.field[3] = value;
-            switch (sep_by_space)
-            {
-            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value.
-                pat.field[1] = symbol;
-                pat.field[2] = none;
-                return;
-            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value.
-                pat.field[1] = symbol;
-                pat.field[2] = none;
-                if (!symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of
-                    // setting pat.field[2]=space so that when
-                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too.
-                    __curr_symbol_.push_back(space_char);
-                }
-                return;
-            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value.
-                pat.field[1] = space;
-                pat.field[2] = symbol;
-                if (symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // Remove the separator from the symbol, since it
-                    // has already appeared after the sign.
-                    __curr_symbol_.pop_back();
-                }
-                return;
-            default:
-                break;
-            }
-            break;
-        case 2:  // The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency symbol.
-            pat.field[0] = symbol;
-            pat.field[3] = sign;
-            switch (sep_by_space)
-            {
-            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value.
-                pat.field[1] = none;
-                pat.field[2] = value;
-                return;
-            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value.
-                pat.field[1] = none;
-                pat.field[2] = value;
-                if (!symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of
-                    // setting pat.field[1]=space so that when
-                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too.
-                    __curr_symbol_.push_back(space_char);
-                }
-                return;
-            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value.
-                pat.field[1] = value;
-                pat.field[2] = space;
-                if (symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // Remove the separator from the symbol, since it
-                    // will appear before the sign.
-                    __curr_symbol_.pop_back();
-                }
-                return;
-            default:
-                break;
-            }
-            break;
-        case 3:  // The sign string immediately precedes the currency symbol.
-            pat.field[0] = sign;
-            pat.field[3] = value;
-            switch (sep_by_space)
-            {
-            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value.
-                pat.field[1] = symbol;
-                pat.field[2] = none;
-                return;
-            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value.
-                pat.field[1] = symbol;
-                pat.field[2] = none;
-                if (!symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of
-                    // setting pat.field[2]=space so that when
-                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too.
-                    __curr_symbol_.push_back(space_char);
-                }
-                return;
-            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value.
-                pat.field[1] = space;
-                pat.field[2] = symbol;
-                if (symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // Remove the separator from the symbol, since it
-                    // has already appeared after the sign.
-                    __curr_symbol_.pop_back();
-                }
-                return;
-            default:
-                break;
-            }
-            break;
-        case 4:  // The sign string immediately succeeds the currency symbol.
-            pat.field[0] = symbol;
-            pat.field[3] = value;
-            switch (sep_by_space)
-            {
-            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value.
-                pat.field[1] = sign;
-                pat.field[2] = none;
-                return;
-            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value.
-                pat.field[1] = sign;
-                pat.field[2] = space;
-                if (symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // Remove the separator from the symbol, since it
-                    // should not disappear when showbase is absent.
-                    __curr_symbol_.pop_back();
-                }
-                return;
-            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value.
-                pat.field[1] = none;
-                pat.field[2] = sign;
-                if (!symbol_contains_sep) {
-                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of
-                    // setting pat.field[1]=space so that when
-                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too.
-                    __curr_symbol_.push_back(space_char);
-                }
-                return;
-           default:
-                break;
-            }
-            break;
-        default:
-            break;
-        }
-        break;
-    default:
-        break;
-    }
-    pat.field[0] = symbol;
-    pat.field[1] = sign;
-    pat.field[2] = none;
-    pat.field[3] = value;
-}
-
-template<>
-void
-moneypunct_byname<char, false>::init(const char* nm)
-{
-    typedef moneypunct<char, false> base;
-    __libcpp_unique_locale loc(nm);
-    if (!loc)
-        __throw_runtime_error("moneypunct_byname"
-                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
-
-    lconv* lc = __libcpp_localeconv_l(loc.get());
-    if (!checked_string_to_char_convert(__decimal_point_,
-                                        lc->mon_decimal_point,
-                                        loc.get()))
-      __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point();
-    if (!checked_string_to_char_convert(__thousands_sep_,
-                                        lc->mon_thousands_sep,
-                                        loc.get()))
-      __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep();
-
-    __grouping_ = lc->mon_grouping;
-    __curr_symbol_ = lc->currency_symbol;
-    if (lc->frac_digits != CHAR_MAX)
-        __frac_digits_ = lc->frac_digits;
-    else
-        __frac_digits_ = base::do_frac_digits();
-    if (lc->p_sign_posn == 0)
-        __positive_sign_ = "()";
-    else
-        __positive_sign_ = lc->positive_sign;
-    if (lc->n_sign_posn == 0)
-        __negative_sign_ = "()";
-    else
-        __negative_sign_ = lc->negative_sign;
-    // Assume the positive and negative formats will want spaces in
-    // the same places in curr_symbol since there's no way to
-    // represent anything else.
-    string_type __dummy_curr_symbol = __curr_symbol_;
-    __init_pat(__pos_format_, __dummy_curr_symbol, false,
-               lc->p_cs_precedes, lc->p_sep_by_space, lc->p_sign_posn, ' ');
-    __init_pat(__neg_format_, __curr_symbol_, false,
-               lc->n_cs_precedes, lc->n_sep_by_space, lc->n_sign_posn, ' ');
-}
-
-template<>
-void
-moneypunct_byname<char, true>::init(const char* nm)
-{
-    typedef moneypunct<char, true> base;
-    __libcpp_unique_locale loc(nm);
-    if (!loc)
-        __throw_runtime_error("moneypunct_byname"
-                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
-
-    lconv* lc = __libcpp_localeconv_l(loc.get());
-    if (!checked_string_to_char_convert(__decimal_point_,
-                                        lc->mon_decimal_point,
-                                        loc.get()))
-      __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point();
-    if (!checked_string_to_char_convert(__thousands_sep_,
-                                        lc->mon_thousands_sep,
-                                        loc.get()))
-      __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep();
-    __grouping_ = lc->mon_grouping;
-    __curr_symbol_ = lc->int_curr_symbol;
-    if (lc->int_frac_digits != CHAR_MAX)
-        __frac_digits_ = lc->int_frac_digits;
-    else
-        __frac_digits_ = base::do_frac_digits();
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__)
-    if (lc->p_sign_posn == 0)
-#else // _LIBCPP_MSVCRT
-    if (lc->int_p_sign_posn == 0)
-#endif // !_LIBCPP_MSVCRT
-        __positive_sign_ = "()";
-    else
-        __positive_sign_ = lc->positive_sign;
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__)
-    if(lc->n_sign_posn == 0)
-#else // _LIBCPP_MSVCRT
-    if (lc->int_n_sign_posn == 0)
-#endif // !_LIBCPP_MSVCRT
-        __negative_sign_ = "()";
-    else
-        __negative_sign_ = lc->negative_sign;
-    // Assume the positive and negative formats will want spaces in
-    // the same places in curr_symbol since there's no way to
-    // represent anything else.
-    string_type __dummy_curr_symbol = __curr_symbol_;
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__)
-    __init_pat(__pos_format_, __dummy_curr_symbol, true,
-               lc->p_cs_precedes, lc->p_sep_by_space, lc->p_sign_posn, ' ');
-    __init_pat(__neg_format_, __curr_symbol_, true,
-               lc->n_cs_precedes, lc->n_sep_by_space, lc->n_sign_posn, ' ');
-#else // _LIBCPP_MSVCRT
-    __init_pat(__pos_format_, __dummy_curr_symbol, true,
-               lc->int_p_cs_precedes, lc->int_p_sep_by_space,
-               lc->int_p_sign_posn, ' ');
-    __init_pat(__neg_format_, __curr_symbol_, true,
-               lc->int_n_cs_precedes, lc->int_n_sep_by_space,
-               lc->int_n_sign_posn, ' ');
-#endif // !_LIBCPP_MSVCRT
-}
-
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-template<>
-void
-moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>::init(const char* nm)
-{
-    typedef moneypunct<wchar_t, false> base;
-    __libcpp_unique_locale loc(nm);
-    if (!loc)
-        __throw_runtime_error("moneypunct_byname"
-                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
-    lconv* lc = __libcpp_localeconv_l(loc.get());
-    if (!checked_string_to_wchar_convert(__decimal_point_,
-                                         lc->mon_decimal_point,
-                                         loc.get()))
-      __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point();
-    if (!checked_string_to_wchar_convert(__thousands_sep_,
-                                         lc->mon_thousands_sep,
-                                         loc.get()))
-      __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep();
-    __grouping_ = lc->mon_grouping;
-    wchar_t wbuf[100];
-    mbstate_t mb = {0};
-    const char* bb = lc->currency_symbol;
-    size_t j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, loc.get());
-    if (j == size_t(-1))
-        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
-    wchar_t* wbe = wbuf + j;
-    __curr_symbol_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
-    if (lc->frac_digits != CHAR_MAX)
-        __frac_digits_ = lc->frac_digits;
-    else
-        __frac_digits_ = base::do_frac_digits();
-    if (lc->p_sign_posn == 0)
-        __positive_sign_ = L"()";
-    else
-    {
-        mb = mbstate_t();
-        bb = lc->positive_sign;
-        j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, loc.get());
-        if (j == size_t(-1))
-            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
-        wbe = wbuf + j;
-        __positive_sign_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
-    }
-    if (lc->n_sign_posn == 0)
-        __negative_sign_ = L"()";
-    else
-    {
-        mb = mbstate_t();
-        bb = lc->negative_sign;
-        j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, loc.get());
-        if (j == size_t(-1))
-            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
-        wbe = wbuf + j;
-        __negative_sign_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
-    }
-    // Assume the positive and negative formats will want spaces in
-    // the same places in curr_symbol since there's no way to
-    // represent anything else.
-    string_type __dummy_curr_symbol = __curr_symbol_;
-    __init_pat(__pos_format_, __dummy_curr_symbol, false,
-               lc->p_cs_precedes, lc->p_sep_by_space, lc->p_sign_posn, L' ');
-    __init_pat(__neg_format_, __curr_symbol_, false,
-               lc->n_cs_precedes, lc->n_sep_by_space, lc->n_sign_posn, L' ');
-}
-
-template<>
-void
-moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>::init(const char* nm)
-{
-    typedef moneypunct<wchar_t, true> base;
-    __libcpp_unique_locale loc(nm);
-    if (!loc)
-        __throw_runtime_error("moneypunct_byname"
-                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm));
-
-    lconv* lc = __libcpp_localeconv_l(loc.get());
-    if (!checked_string_to_wchar_convert(__decimal_point_,
-                                         lc->mon_decimal_point,
-                                         loc.get()))
-      __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point();
-    if (!checked_string_to_wchar_convert(__thousands_sep_,
-                                         lc->mon_thousands_sep,
-                                         loc.get()))
-      __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep();
-    __grouping_ = lc->mon_grouping;
-    wchar_t wbuf[100];
-    mbstate_t mb = {0};
-    const char* bb = lc->int_curr_symbol;
-    size_t j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, loc.get());
-    if (j == size_t(-1))
-        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
-    wchar_t* wbe = wbuf + j;
-    __curr_symbol_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
-    if (lc->int_frac_digits != CHAR_MAX)
-        __frac_digits_ = lc->int_frac_digits;
-    else
-        __frac_digits_ = base::do_frac_digits();
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__)
-    if (lc->p_sign_posn == 0)
-#else // _LIBCPP_MSVCRT
-    if (lc->int_p_sign_posn == 0)
-#endif // !_LIBCPP_MSVCRT
-        __positive_sign_ = L"()";
-    else
-    {
-        mb = mbstate_t();
-        bb = lc->positive_sign;
-        j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, loc.get());
-        if (j == size_t(-1))
-            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
-        wbe = wbuf + j;
-        __positive_sign_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
-    }
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__)
-    if (lc->n_sign_posn == 0)
-#else // _LIBCPP_MSVCRT
-    if (lc->int_n_sign_posn == 0)
-#endif // !_LIBCPP_MSVCRT
-        __negative_sign_ = L"()";
-    else
-    {
-        mb = mbstate_t();
-        bb = lc->negative_sign;
-        j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, loc.get());
-        if (j == size_t(-1))
-            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
-        wbe = wbuf + j;
-        __negative_sign_.assign(wbuf, wbe);
-    }
-    // Assume the positive and negative formats will want spaces in
-    // the same places in curr_symbol since there's no way to
-    // represent anything else.
-    string_type __dummy_curr_symbol = __curr_symbol_;
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__)
-    __init_pat(__pos_format_, __dummy_curr_symbol, true,
-               lc->p_cs_precedes, lc->p_sep_by_space, lc->p_sign_posn, L' ');
-    __init_pat(__neg_format_, __curr_symbol_, true,
-               lc->n_cs_precedes, lc->n_sep_by_space, lc->n_sign_posn, L' ');
-#else // _LIBCPP_MSVCRT
-    __init_pat(__pos_format_, __dummy_curr_symbol, true,
-               lc->int_p_cs_precedes, lc->int_p_sep_by_space,
-               lc->int_p_sign_posn, L' ');
-    __init_pat(__neg_format_, __curr_symbol_, true,
-               lc->int_n_cs_precedes, lc->int_n_sep_by_space,
-               lc->int_n_sign_posn, L' ');
-#endif // !_LIBCPP_MSVCRT
-}
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
-
-void __do_nothing(void*) {}
-
-void __throw_runtime_error(const char* msg)
-{
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS
-    throw runtime_error(msg);
-#else
-    (void)msg;
-    _VSTD::abort();
-#endif
-}
-
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS collate<char>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS collate<wchar_t>;)
-
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS num_get<char>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS num_get<wchar_t>;)
-
-                           template struct _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS __num_get<char>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template struct _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS __num_get<wchar_t>;)
-
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS num_put<char>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS num_put<wchar_t>;)
-
-                           template struct _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS __num_put<char>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template struct _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS __num_put<wchar_t>;)
-
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS time_get<char>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS time_get<wchar_t>;)
-
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS time_get_byname<char>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS time_get_byname<wchar_t>;)
-
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS time_put<char>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS time_put<wchar_t>;)
-
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS time_put_byname<char>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS time_put_byname<wchar_t>;)
-
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS moneypunct<char, false>;
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS moneypunct<char, true>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS moneypunct<wchar_t, false>;)
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS moneypunct<wchar_t, true>;)
-
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS moneypunct_byname<char, false>;
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS moneypunct_byname<char, true>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>;)
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>;)
-
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS money_get<char>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS money_get<wchar_t>;)
-
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS __money_get<char>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS __money_get<wchar_t>;)
-
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS money_put<char>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS money_put<wchar_t>;)
-
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS __money_put<char>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS __money_put<wchar_t>;)
-
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS messages<char>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS messages<wchar_t>;)
-
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS messages_byname<char>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS messages_byname<wchar_t>;)
-
-                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>;
-_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>;)
-template class _LIBCPP_DEPRECATED_IN_CXX20 _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>;
-template class _LIBCPP_DEPRECATED_IN_CXX20 _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>;
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T
-template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS codecvt_byname<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>;
-template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS codecvt_byname<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>;
-#endif
-
-_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
+    { 
+        reverse(__g, __g_end); 
+        const char* __ig = __grouping.data(); 
+        const char* __eg = __ig + __grouping.size(); 
+        for (unsigned* __r = __g; __r < __g_end-1; ++__r) 
+        { 
+            if (0 < *__ig && *__ig < numeric_limits<char>::max()) 
+            { 
+                if (static_cast<unsigned>(*__ig) != *__r) 
+                { 
+                    __err = ios_base::failbit; 
+                    return; 
+                } 
+            } 
+            if (__eg - __ig > 1) 
+                ++__ig; 
+        } 
+        if (0 < *__ig && *__ig < numeric_limits<char>::max()) 
+        { 
+            if (static_cast<unsigned>(*__ig) < __g_end[-1] || __g_end[-1] == 0) 
+                __err = ios_base::failbit; 
+        } 
+    } 
+} 
+ 
+void 
+__num_put_base::__format_int(char* __fmtp, const char* __len, bool __signd, 
+                             ios_base::fmtflags __flags) 
+{ 
+    if ((__flags & ios_base::showpos) && 
+        (__flags & ios_base::basefield) != ios_base::oct && 
+        (__flags & ios_base::basefield) != ios_base::hex && 
+    __signd) 
+        *__fmtp++ = '+'; 
+    if (__flags & ios_base::showbase) 
+        *__fmtp++ = '#'; 
+    while(*__len) 
+        *__fmtp++ = *__len++; 
+    if ((__flags & ios_base::basefield) == ios_base::oct) 
+        *__fmtp = 'o'; 
+    else if ((__flags & ios_base::basefield) == ios_base::hex) 
+    { 
+        if (__flags & ios_base::uppercase) 
+            *__fmtp = 'X'; 
+        else 
+            *__fmtp = 'x'; 
+    } 
+    else if (__signd) 
+        *__fmtp = 'd'; 
+    else 
+        *__fmtp = 'u'; 
+} 
+ 
+bool 
+__num_put_base::__format_float(char* __fmtp, const char* __len, 
+                               ios_base::fmtflags __flags) 
+{ 
+    bool specify_precision = true; 
+    if (__flags & ios_base::showpos) 
+        *__fmtp++ = '+'; 
+    if (__flags & ios_base::showpoint) 
+        *__fmtp++ = '#'; 
+    ios_base::fmtflags floatfield = __flags & ios_base::floatfield; 
+    bool uppercase = (__flags & ios_base::uppercase) != 0; 
+    if (floatfield == (ios_base::fixed | ios_base::scientific)) 
+        specify_precision = false; 
+    else 
+    { 
+        *__fmtp++ = '.'; 
+        *__fmtp++ = '*'; 
+    } 
+    while(*__len) 
+        *__fmtp++ = *__len++; 
+    if (floatfield == ios_base::fixed) 
+    { 
+        if (uppercase) 
+            *__fmtp = 'F'; 
+        else 
+            *__fmtp = 'f'; 
+    } 
+    else if (floatfield == ios_base::scientific) 
+    { 
+        if (uppercase) 
+            *__fmtp = 'E'; 
+        else 
+            *__fmtp = 'e'; 
+    } 
+    else if (floatfield == (ios_base::fixed | ios_base::scientific)) 
+    { 
+        if (uppercase) 
+            *__fmtp = 'A'; 
+        else 
+            *__fmtp = 'a'; 
+    } 
+    else 
+    { 
+        if (uppercase) 
+            *__fmtp = 'G'; 
+        else 
+            *__fmtp = 'g'; 
+    } 
+    return specify_precision; 
+} 
+ 
+char* 
+__num_put_base::__identify_padding(char* __nb, char* __ne, 
+                                   const ios_base& __iob) 
+{ 
+    switch (__iob.flags() & ios_base::adjustfield) 
+    { 
+    case ios_base::internal: 
+        if (__nb[0] == '-' || __nb[0] == '+') 
+            return __nb+1; 
+        if (__ne - __nb >= 2 && __nb[0] == '0' 
+                            && (__nb[1] == 'x' || __nb[1] == 'X')) 
+            return __nb+2; 
+        break; 
+    case ios_base::left: 
+        return __ne; 
+    case ios_base::right: 
+    default: 
+        break; 
+    } 
+    return __nb; 
+} 
+ 
+// time_get 
+ 
+static 
+string* 
+init_weeks() 
+{ 
+    static string weeks[14]; 
+    weeks[0]  = "Sunday"; 
+    weeks[1]  = "Monday"; 
+    weeks[2]  = "Tuesday"; 
+    weeks[3]  = "Wednesday"; 
+    weeks[4]  = "Thursday"; 
+    weeks[5]  = "Friday"; 
+    weeks[6]  = "Saturday"; 
+    weeks[7]  = "Sun"; 
+    weeks[8]  = "Mon"; 
+    weeks[9]  = "Tue"; 
+    weeks[10] = "Wed"; 
+    weeks[11] = "Thu"; 
+    weeks[12] = "Fri"; 
+    weeks[13] = "Sat"; 
+    return weeks; 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+static 
+wstring* 
+init_wweeks() 
+{ 
+    static wstring weeks[14]; 
+    weeks[0]  = L"Sunday"; 
+    weeks[1]  = L"Monday"; 
+    weeks[2]  = L"Tuesday"; 
+    weeks[3]  = L"Wednesday"; 
+    weeks[4]  = L"Thursday"; 
+    weeks[5]  = L"Friday"; 
+    weeks[6]  = L"Saturday"; 
+    weeks[7]  = L"Sun"; 
+    weeks[8]  = L"Mon"; 
+    weeks[9]  = L"Tue"; 
+    weeks[10] = L"Wed"; 
+    weeks[11] = L"Thu"; 
+    weeks[12] = L"Fri"; 
+    weeks[13] = L"Sat"; 
+    return weeks; 
+} 
+#endif 
+ 
+template <> 
+const string* 
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__weeks() const 
+{ 
+    static const string* weeks = init_weeks(); 
+    return weeks; 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+template <> 
+const wstring* 
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__weeks() const 
+{ 
+    static const wstring* weeks = init_wweeks(); 
+    return weeks; 
+} 
+#endif 
+ 
+static 
+string* 
+init_months() 
+{ 
+    static string months[24]; 
+    months[0]  = "January"; 
+    months[1]  = "February"; 
+    months[2]  = "March"; 
+    months[3]  = "April"; 
+    months[4]  = "May"; 
+    months[5]  = "June"; 
+    months[6]  = "July"; 
+    months[7]  = "August"; 
+    months[8]  = "September"; 
+    months[9]  = "October"; 
+    months[10] = "November"; 
+    months[11] = "December"; 
+    months[12] = "Jan"; 
+    months[13] = "Feb"; 
+    months[14] = "Mar"; 
+    months[15] = "Apr"; 
+    months[16] = "May"; 
+    months[17] = "Jun"; 
+    months[18] = "Jul"; 
+    months[19] = "Aug"; 
+    months[20] = "Sep"; 
+    months[21] = "Oct"; 
+    months[22] = "Nov"; 
+    months[23] = "Dec"; 
+    return months; 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+static 
+wstring* 
+init_wmonths() 
+{ 
+    static wstring months[24]; 
+    months[0]  = L"January"; 
+    months[1]  = L"February"; 
+    months[2]  = L"March"; 
+    months[3]  = L"April"; 
+    months[4]  = L"May"; 
+    months[5]  = L"June"; 
+    months[6]  = L"July"; 
+    months[7]  = L"August"; 
+    months[8]  = L"September"; 
+    months[9]  = L"October"; 
+    months[10] = L"November"; 
+    months[11] = L"December"; 
+    months[12] = L"Jan"; 
+    months[13] = L"Feb"; 
+    months[14] = L"Mar"; 
+    months[15] = L"Apr"; 
+    months[16] = L"May"; 
+    months[17] = L"Jun"; 
+    months[18] = L"Jul"; 
+    months[19] = L"Aug"; 
+    months[20] = L"Sep"; 
+    months[21] = L"Oct"; 
+    months[22] = L"Nov"; 
+    months[23] = L"Dec"; 
+    return months; 
+} 
+#endif 
+ 
+template <> 
+const string* 
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__months() const 
+{ 
+    static const string* months = init_months(); 
+    return months; 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+template <> 
+const wstring* 
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__months() const 
+{ 
+    static const wstring* months = init_wmonths(); 
+    return months; 
+} 
+#endif 
+ 
+static 
+string* 
+init_am_pm() 
+{ 
+    static string am_pm[2]; 
+    am_pm[0]  = "AM"; 
+    am_pm[1]  = "PM"; 
+    return am_pm; 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+static 
+wstring* 
+init_wam_pm() 
+{ 
+    static wstring am_pm[2]; 
+    am_pm[0]  = L"AM"; 
+    am_pm[1]  = L"PM"; 
+    return am_pm; 
+} 
+#endif 
+ 
+template <> 
+const string* 
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__am_pm() const 
+{ 
+    static const string* am_pm = init_am_pm(); 
+    return am_pm; 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+template <> 
+const wstring* 
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__am_pm() const 
+{ 
+    static const wstring* am_pm = init_wam_pm(); 
+    return am_pm; 
+} 
+#endif 
+ 
+template <> 
+const string& 
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__x() const 
+{ 
+    static string s("%m/%d/%y"); 
+    return s; 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+template <> 
+const wstring& 
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__x() const 
+{ 
+    static wstring s(L"%m/%d/%y"); 
+    return s; 
+} 
+#endif 
+ 
+template <> 
+const string& 
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__X() const 
+{ 
+    static string s("%H:%M:%S"); 
+    return s; 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+template <> 
+const wstring& 
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__X() const 
+{ 
+    static wstring s(L"%H:%M:%S"); 
+    return s; 
+} 
+#endif 
+ 
+template <> 
+const string& 
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__c() const 
+{ 
+    static string s("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"); 
+    return s; 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+template <> 
+const wstring& 
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__c() const 
+{ 
+    static wstring s(L"%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"); 
+    return s; 
+} 
+#endif 
+ 
+template <> 
+const string& 
+__time_get_c_storage<char>::__r() const 
+{ 
+    static string s("%I:%M:%S %p"); 
+    return s; 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+template <> 
+const wstring& 
+__time_get_c_storage<wchar_t>::__r() const 
+{ 
+    static wstring s(L"%I:%M:%S %p"); 
+    return s; 
+} 
+#endif 
+ 
+// time_get_byname 
+ 
+__time_get::__time_get(const char* nm) 
+    : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0)) 
+{ 
+    if (__loc_ == 0) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("time_get_byname" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm)); 
+} 
+ 
+__time_get::__time_get(const string& nm) 
+    : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm.c_str(), 0)) 
+{ 
+    if (__loc_ == 0) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("time_get_byname" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + nm); 
+} 
+ 
+__time_get::~__time_get() 
+{ 
+    freelocale(__loc_); 
+} 
+#if defined(__clang__) 
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-field-initializers" 
+#endif 
+#if defined(__GNUG__) 
+#pragma GCC   diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-field-initializers" 
+#endif 
+ 
+template <> 
+string 
+__time_get_storage<char>::__analyze(char fmt, const ctype<char>& ct) 
+{ 
+    tm t = {0}; 
+    t.tm_sec = 59; 
+    t.tm_min = 55; 
+    t.tm_hour = 23; 
+    t.tm_mday = 31; 
+    t.tm_mon = 11; 
+    t.tm_year = 161; 
+    t.tm_wday = 6; 
+    t.tm_yday = 364; 
+    t.tm_isdst = -1; 
+    char buf[100]; 
+    char f[3] = {0}; 
+    f[0] = '%'; 
+    f[1] = fmt; 
+    size_t n = strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), f, &t, __loc_); 
+    char* bb = buf; 
+    char* be = buf + n; 
+    string result; 
+    while (bb != be) 
+    { 
+        if (ct.is(ctype_base::space, *bb)) 
+        { 
+            result.push_back(' '); 
+            for (++bb; bb != be && ct.is(ctype_base::space, *bb); ++bb) 
+                ; 
+            continue; 
+        } 
+        char* w = bb; 
+        ios_base::iostate err = ios_base::goodbit; 
+        ptrdiff_t i = __scan_keyword(w, be, this->__weeks_, this->__weeks_+14, 
+                               ct, err, false) 
+                               - this->__weeks_; 
+        if (i < 14) 
+        { 
+            result.push_back('%'); 
+            if (i < 7) 
+                result.push_back('A'); 
+            else 
+                result.push_back('a'); 
+            bb = w; 
+            continue; 
+        } 
+        w = bb; 
+        i = __scan_keyword(w, be, this->__months_, this->__months_+24, 
+                           ct, err, false) 
+                           - this->__months_; 
+        if (i < 24) 
+        { 
+            result.push_back('%'); 
+            if (i < 12) 
+                result.push_back('B'); 
+            else 
+                result.push_back('b'); 
+            if (fmt == 'x' && ct.is(ctype_base::digit, this->__months_[i][0])) 
+                result.back() = 'm'; 
+            bb = w; 
+            continue; 
+        } 
+        if (this->__am_pm_[0].size() + this->__am_pm_[1].size() > 0) 
+        { 
+            w = bb; 
+            i = __scan_keyword(w, be, this->__am_pm_, this->__am_pm_+2, 
+                               ct, err, false) - this->__am_pm_; 
+            if (i < 2) 
+            { 
+                result.push_back('%'); 
+                result.push_back('p'); 
+                bb = w; 
+                continue; 
+            } 
+        } 
+        w = bb; 
+        if (ct.is(ctype_base::digit, *bb)) 
+        { 
+            switch(__get_up_to_n_digits(bb, be, err, ct, 4)) 
+            { 
+            case 6: 
+                result.push_back('%'); 
+                result.push_back('w'); 
+                break; 
+            case 7: 
+                result.push_back('%'); 
+                result.push_back('u'); 
+                break; 
+            case 11: 
+                result.push_back('%'); 
+                result.push_back('I'); 
+                break; 
+            case 12: 
+                result.push_back('%'); 
+                result.push_back('m'); 
+                break; 
+            case 23: 
+                result.push_back('%'); 
+                result.push_back('H'); 
+                break; 
+            case 31: 
+                result.push_back('%'); 
+                result.push_back('d'); 
+                break; 
+            case 55: 
+                result.push_back('%'); 
+                result.push_back('M'); 
+                break; 
+            case 59: 
+                result.push_back('%'); 
+                result.push_back('S'); 
+                break; 
+            case 61: 
+                result.push_back('%'); 
+                result.push_back('y'); 
+                break; 
+            case 364: 
+                result.push_back('%'); 
+                result.push_back('j'); 
+                break; 
+            case 2061: 
+                result.push_back('%'); 
+                result.push_back('Y'); 
+                break; 
+            default: 
+                for (; w != bb; ++w) 
+                    result.push_back(*w); 
+                break; 
+            } 
+            continue; 
+        } 
+        if (*bb == '%') 
+        { 
+            result.push_back('%'); 
+            result.push_back('%'); 
+            ++bb; 
+            continue; 
+        } 
+        result.push_back(*bb); 
+        ++bb; 
+    } 
+    return result; 
+} 
+ 
+#if defined(__clang__) 
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-braces" 
+#endif 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+template <> 
+wstring 
+__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::__analyze(char fmt, const ctype<wchar_t>& ct) 
+{ 
+    tm t = {0}; 
+    t.tm_sec = 59; 
+    t.tm_min = 55; 
+    t.tm_hour = 23; 
+    t.tm_mday = 31; 
+    t.tm_mon = 11; 
+    t.tm_year = 161; 
+    t.tm_wday = 6; 
+    t.tm_yday = 364; 
+    t.tm_isdst = -1; 
+    char buf[100]; 
+    char f[3] = {0}; 
+    f[0] = '%'; 
+    f[1] = fmt; 
+    strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), f, &t, __loc_); 
+    wchar_t wbuf[100]; 
+    wchar_t* wbb = wbuf; 
+    mbstate_t mb = {0}; 
+    const char* bb = buf; 
+    size_t j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l( wbb, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, __loc_); 
+    if (j == size_t(-1)) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
+    wchar_t* wbe = wbb + j; 
+    wstring result; 
+    while (wbb != wbe) 
+    { 
+        if (ct.is(ctype_base::space, *wbb)) 
+        { 
+            result.push_back(L' '); 
+            for (++wbb; wbb != wbe && ct.is(ctype_base::space, *wbb); ++wbb) 
+                ; 
+            continue; 
+        } 
+        wchar_t* w = wbb; 
+        ios_base::iostate err = ios_base::goodbit; 
+        ptrdiff_t i = __scan_keyword(w, wbe, this->__weeks_, this->__weeks_+14, 
+                               ct, err, false) 
+                               - this->__weeks_; 
+        if (i < 14) 
+        { 
+            result.push_back(L'%'); 
+            if (i < 7) 
+                result.push_back(L'A'); 
+            else 
+                result.push_back(L'a'); 
+            wbb = w; 
+            continue; 
+        } 
+        w = wbb; 
+        i = __scan_keyword(w, wbe, this->__months_, this->__months_+24, 
+                           ct, err, false) 
+                           - this->__months_; 
+        if (i < 24) 
+        { 
+            result.push_back(L'%'); 
+            if (i < 12) 
+                result.push_back(L'B'); 
+            else 
+                result.push_back(L'b'); 
+            if (fmt == 'x' && ct.is(ctype_base::digit, this->__months_[i][0])) 
+                result.back() = L'm'; 
+            wbb = w; 
+            continue; 
+        } 
+        if (this->__am_pm_[0].size() + this->__am_pm_[1].size() > 0) 
+        { 
+            w = wbb; 
+            i = __scan_keyword(w, wbe, this->__am_pm_, this->__am_pm_+2, 
+                               ct, err, false) - this->__am_pm_; 
+            if (i < 2) 
+            { 
+                result.push_back(L'%'); 
+                result.push_back(L'p'); 
+                wbb = w; 
+                continue; 
+            } 
+        } 
+        w = wbb; 
+        if (ct.is(ctype_base::digit, *wbb)) 
+        { 
+            switch(__get_up_to_n_digits(wbb, wbe, err, ct, 4)) 
+            { 
+            case 6: 
+                result.push_back(L'%'); 
+                result.push_back(L'w'); 
+                break; 
+            case 7: 
+                result.push_back(L'%'); 
+                result.push_back(L'u'); 
+                break; 
+            case 11: 
+                result.push_back(L'%'); 
+                result.push_back(L'I'); 
+                break; 
+            case 12: 
+                result.push_back(L'%'); 
+                result.push_back(L'm'); 
+                break; 
+            case 23: 
+                result.push_back(L'%'); 
+                result.push_back(L'H'); 
+                break; 
+            case 31: 
+                result.push_back(L'%'); 
+                result.push_back(L'd'); 
+                break; 
+            case 55: 
+                result.push_back(L'%'); 
+                result.push_back(L'M'); 
+                break; 
+            case 59: 
+                result.push_back(L'%'); 
+                result.push_back(L'S'); 
+                break; 
+            case 61: 
+                result.push_back(L'%'); 
+                result.push_back(L'y'); 
+                break; 
+            case 364: 
+                result.push_back(L'%'); 
+                result.push_back(L'j'); 
+                break; 
+            case 2061: 
+                result.push_back(L'%'); 
+                result.push_back(L'Y'); 
+                break; 
+            default: 
+                for (; w != wbb; ++w) 
+                    result.push_back(*w); 
+                break; 
+            } 
+            continue; 
+        } 
+        if (ct.narrow(*wbb, 0) == '%') 
+        { 
+            result.push_back(L'%'); 
+            result.push_back(L'%'); 
+            ++wbb; 
+            continue; 
+        } 
+        result.push_back(*wbb); 
+        ++wbb; 
+    } 
+    return result; 
+} 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+ 
+template <> 
+void 
+__time_get_storage<char>::init(const ctype<char>& ct) 
+{ 
+    tm t = {0}; 
+    char buf[100]; 
+    // __weeks_ 
+    for (int i = 0; i < 7; ++i) 
+    { 
+        t.tm_wday = i; 
+        strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%A", &t, __loc_); 
+        __weeks_[i] = buf; 
+        strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%a", &t, __loc_); 
+        __weeks_[i+7] = buf; 
+    } 
+    // __months_ 
+    for (int i = 0; i < 12; ++i) 
+    { 
+        t.tm_mon = i; 
+        strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%B", &t, __loc_); 
+        __months_[i] = buf; 
+        strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%b", &t, __loc_); 
+        __months_[i+12] = buf; 
+    } 
+    // __am_pm_ 
+    t.tm_hour = 1; 
+    strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%p", &t, __loc_); 
+    __am_pm_[0] = buf; 
+    t.tm_hour = 13; 
+    strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%p", &t, __loc_); 
+    __am_pm_[1] = buf; 
+    __c_ = __analyze('c', ct); 
+    __r_ = __analyze('r', ct); 
+    __x_ = __analyze('x', ct); 
+    __X_ = __analyze('X', ct); 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+template <> 
+void 
+__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::init(const ctype<wchar_t>& ct) 
+{ 
+    tm t = {0}; 
+    char buf[100]; 
+    wchar_t wbuf[100]; 
+    wchar_t* wbe; 
+    mbstate_t mb = {0}; 
+    // __weeks_ 
+    for (int i = 0; i < 7; ++i) 
+    { 
+        t.tm_wday = i; 
+        strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%A", &t, __loc_); 
+        mb = mbstate_t(); 
+        const char* bb = buf; 
+        size_t j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, __loc_); 
+        if (j == size_t(-1) || j == 0) 
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
+        wbe = wbuf + j; 
+        __weeks_[i].assign(wbuf, wbe); 
+        strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%a", &t, __loc_); 
+        mb = mbstate_t(); 
+        bb = buf; 
+        j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, __loc_); 
+        if (j == size_t(-1) || j == 0) 
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
+        wbe = wbuf + j; 
+        __weeks_[i+7].assign(wbuf, wbe); 
+    } 
+    // __months_ 
+    for (int i = 0; i < 12; ++i) 
+    { 
+        t.tm_mon = i; 
+        strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%B", &t, __loc_); 
+        mb = mbstate_t(); 
+        const char* bb = buf; 
+        size_t j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, __loc_); 
+        if (j == size_t(-1) || j == 0) 
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
+        wbe = wbuf + j; 
+        __months_[i].assign(wbuf, wbe); 
+        strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%b", &t, __loc_); 
+        mb = mbstate_t(); 
+        bb = buf; 
+        j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, __loc_); 
+        if (j == size_t(-1) || j == 0) 
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
+        wbe = wbuf + j; 
+        __months_[i+12].assign(wbuf, wbe); 
+    } 
+    // __am_pm_ 
+    t.tm_hour = 1; 
+    strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%p", &t, __loc_); 
+    mb = mbstate_t(); 
+    const char* bb = buf; 
+    size_t j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, __loc_); 
+    if (j == size_t(-1)) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
+    wbe = wbuf + j; 
+    __am_pm_[0].assign(wbuf, wbe); 
+    t.tm_hour = 13; 
+    strftime_l(buf, countof(buf), "%p", &t, __loc_); 
+    mb = mbstate_t(); 
+    bb = buf; 
+    j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, __loc_); 
+    if (j == size_t(-1)) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
+    wbe = wbuf + j; 
+    __am_pm_[1].assign(wbuf, wbe); 
+    __c_ = __analyze('c', ct); 
+    __r_ = __analyze('r', ct); 
+    __x_ = __analyze('x', ct); 
+    __X_ = __analyze('X', ct); 
+} 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+ 
+template <class CharT> 
+struct _LIBCPP_HIDDEN __time_get_temp 
+    : public ctype_byname<CharT> 
+{ 
+    explicit __time_get_temp(const char* nm) 
+        : ctype_byname<CharT>(nm, 1) {} 
+    explicit __time_get_temp(const string& nm) 
+        : ctype_byname<CharT>(nm, 1) {} 
+}; 
+ 
+template <> 
+__time_get_storage<char>::__time_get_storage(const char* __nm) 
+    : __time_get(__nm) 
+{ 
+    const __time_get_temp<char> ct(__nm); 
+    init(ct); 
+} 
+ 
+template <> 
+__time_get_storage<char>::__time_get_storage(const string& __nm) 
+    : __time_get(__nm) 
+{ 
+    const __time_get_temp<char> ct(__nm); 
+    init(ct); 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+template <> 
+__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::__time_get_storage(const char* __nm) 
+    : __time_get(__nm) 
+{ 
+    const __time_get_temp<wchar_t> ct(__nm); 
+    init(ct); 
+} 
+ 
+template <> 
+__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::__time_get_storage(const string& __nm) 
+    : __time_get(__nm) 
+{ 
+    const __time_get_temp<wchar_t> ct(__nm); 
+    init(ct); 
+} 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+ 
+template <> 
+time_base::dateorder 
+__time_get_storage<char>::__do_date_order() const 
+{ 
+    unsigned i; 
+    for (i = 0; i < __x_.size(); ++i) 
+        if (__x_[i] == '%') 
+            break; 
+    ++i; 
+    switch (__x_[i]) 
+    { 
+    case 'y': 
+    case 'Y': 
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i) 
+            if (__x_[i] == '%') 
+                break; 
+        if (i == __x_.size()) 
+            break; 
+        ++i; 
+        switch (__x_[i]) 
+        { 
+        case 'm': 
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i) 
+                if (__x_[i] == '%') 
+                    break; 
+            if (i == __x_.size()) 
+                break; 
+            ++i; 
+            if (__x_[i] == 'd') 
+                return time_base::ymd; 
+            break; 
+        case 'd': 
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i) 
+                if (__x_[i] == '%') 
+                    break; 
+            if (i == __x_.size()) 
+                break; 
+            ++i; 
+            if (__x_[i] == 'm') 
+                return time_base::ydm; 
+            break; 
+        } 
+        break; 
+    case 'm': 
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i) 
+            if (__x_[i] == '%') 
+                break; 
+        if (i == __x_.size()) 
+            break; 
+        ++i; 
+        if (__x_[i] == 'd') 
+        { 
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i) 
+                if (__x_[i] == '%') 
+                    break; 
+            if (i == __x_.size()) 
+                break; 
+            ++i; 
+            if (__x_[i] == 'y' || __x_[i] == 'Y') 
+                return time_base::mdy; 
+            break; 
+        } 
+        break; 
+    case 'd': 
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i) 
+            if (__x_[i] == '%') 
+                break; 
+        if (i == __x_.size()) 
+            break; 
+        ++i; 
+        if (__x_[i] == 'm') 
+        { 
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i) 
+                if (__x_[i] == '%') 
+                    break; 
+            if (i == __x_.size()) 
+                break; 
+            ++i; 
+            if (__x_[i] == 'y' || __x_[i] == 'Y') 
+                return time_base::dmy; 
+            break; 
+        } 
+        break; 
+    } 
+    return time_base::no_order; 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+template <> 
+time_base::dateorder 
+__time_get_storage<wchar_t>::__do_date_order() const 
+{ 
+    unsigned i; 
+    for (i = 0; i < __x_.size(); ++i) 
+        if (__x_[i] == L'%') 
+            break; 
+    ++i; 
+    switch (__x_[i]) 
+    { 
+    case L'y': 
+    case L'Y': 
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i) 
+            if (__x_[i] == L'%') 
+                break; 
+        if (i == __x_.size()) 
+            break; 
+        ++i; 
+        switch (__x_[i]) 
+        { 
+        case L'm': 
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i) 
+                if (__x_[i] == L'%') 
+                    break; 
+            if (i == __x_.size()) 
+                break; 
+            ++i; 
+            if (__x_[i] == L'd') 
+                return time_base::ymd; 
+            break; 
+        case L'd': 
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i) 
+                if (__x_[i] == L'%') 
+                    break; 
+            if (i == __x_.size()) 
+                break; 
+            ++i; 
+            if (__x_[i] == L'm') 
+                return time_base::ydm; 
+            break; 
+        } 
+        break; 
+    case L'm': 
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i) 
+            if (__x_[i] == L'%') 
+                break; 
+        if (i == __x_.size()) 
+            break; 
+        ++i; 
+        if (__x_[i] == L'd') 
+        { 
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i) 
+                if (__x_[i] == L'%') 
+                    break; 
+            if (i == __x_.size()) 
+                break; 
+            ++i; 
+            if (__x_[i] == L'y' || __x_[i] == L'Y') 
+                return time_base::mdy; 
+            break; 
+        } 
+        break; 
+    case L'd': 
+        for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i) 
+            if (__x_[i] == L'%') 
+                break; 
+        if (i == __x_.size()) 
+            break; 
+        ++i; 
+        if (__x_[i] == L'm') 
+        { 
+            for (++i; i < __x_.size(); ++i) 
+                if (__x_[i] == L'%') 
+                    break; 
+            if (i == __x_.size()) 
+                break; 
+            ++i; 
+            if (__x_[i] == L'y' || __x_[i] == L'Y') 
+                return time_base::dmy; 
+            break; 
+        } 
+        break; 
+    } 
+    return time_base::no_order; 
+} 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+ 
+// time_put 
+ 
+__time_put::__time_put(const char* nm) 
+    : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm, 0)) 
+{ 
+    if (__loc_ == 0) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("time_put_byname" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm)); 
+} 
+ 
+__time_put::__time_put(const string& nm) 
+    : __loc_(newlocale(LC_ALL_MASK, nm.c_str(), 0)) 
+{ 
+    if (__loc_ == 0) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("time_put_byname" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + nm); 
+} 
+ 
+__time_put::~__time_put() 
+{ 
+    if (__loc_ != _LIBCPP_GET_C_LOCALE) 
+        freelocale(__loc_); 
+} 
+ 
+void 
+__time_put::__do_put(char* __nb, char*& __ne, const tm* __tm, 
+                     char __fmt, char __mod) const 
+{ 
+    char fmt[] = {'%', __fmt, __mod, 0}; 
+    if (__mod != 0) 
+        swap(fmt[1], fmt[2]); 
+    size_t n = strftime_l(__nb, countof(__nb, __ne), fmt, __tm, __loc_); 
+    __ne = __nb + n; 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+void 
+__time_put::__do_put(wchar_t* __wb, wchar_t*& __we, const tm* __tm, 
+                     char __fmt, char __mod) const 
+{ 
+    char __nar[100]; 
+    char* __ne = __nar + 100; 
+    __do_put(__nar, __ne, __tm, __fmt, __mod); 
+    mbstate_t mb = {0}; 
+    const char* __nb = __nar; 
+    size_t j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(__wb, &__nb, countof(__wb, __we), &mb, __loc_); 
+    if (j == size_t(-1)) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
+    __we = __wb + j; 
+} 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+ 
+// moneypunct_byname 
+ 
+template <class charT> 
+static 
+void 
+__init_pat(money_base::pattern& pat, basic_string<charT>& __curr_symbol_, 
+           bool intl, char cs_precedes, char sep_by_space, char sign_posn, 
+           charT space_char) 
+{ 
+    const char sign = static_cast<char>(money_base::sign); 
+    const char space = static_cast<char>(money_base::space); 
+    const char none = static_cast<char>(money_base::none); 
+    const char symbol = static_cast<char>(money_base::symbol); 
+    const char value = static_cast<char>(money_base::value); 
+    const bool symbol_contains_sep = intl && __curr_symbol_.size() == 4; 
+ 
+    // Comments on case branches reflect 'C11 7.11.2.1 The localeconv 
+    // function'. "Space between sign and symbol or value" means that 
+    // if the sign is adjacent to the symbol, there's a space between 
+    // them, and otherwise there's a space between the sign and value. 
+    // 
+    // C11's localeconv specifies that the fourth character of an 
+    // international curr_symbol is used to separate the sign and 
+    // value when sep_by_space says to do so. C++ can't represent 
+    // that, so we just use a space.  When sep_by_space says to 
+    // separate the symbol and value-or-sign with a space, we rearrange the 
+    // curr_symbol to put its spacing character on the correct side of 
+    // the symbol. 
+    // 
+    // We also need to avoid adding an extra space between the sign 
+    // and value when the currency symbol is suppressed (by not 
+    // setting showbase).  We match glibc's strfmon by interpreting 
+    // sep_by_space==1 as "omit the space when the currency symbol is 
+    // absent". 
+    // 
+    // Users who want to get this right should use ICU instead. 
+ 
+    switch (cs_precedes) 
+    { 
+    case 0:  // value before curr_symbol 
+        if (symbol_contains_sep) { 
+            // Move the separator to before the symbol, to place it 
+            // between the value and symbol. 
+            rotate(__curr_symbol_.begin(), __curr_symbol_.begin() + 3, 
+                   __curr_symbol_.end()); 
+        } 
+        switch (sign_posn) 
+        { 
+        case 0:  // Parentheses surround the quantity and currency symbol. 
+            pat.field[0] = sign; 
+            pat.field[1] = value; 
+            pat.field[2] = none;  // Any space appears in the symbol. 
+            pat.field[3] = symbol; 
+            switch (sep_by_space) 
+            { 
+            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value. 
+                // This case may have changed between C99 and C11; 
+                // assume the currency symbol matches the intention. 
+            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value. 
+                // The "sign" is two parentheses, so no space here either. 
+                return; 
+            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value. 
+                if (!symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of 
+                    // setting pat.field[2]=space so that when 
+                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.insert((size_t)0, 1, space_char); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+            default: 
+                break; 
+            } 
+            break; 
+        case 1:  // The sign string precedes the quantity and currency symbol. 
+            pat.field[0] = sign; 
+            pat.field[3] = symbol; 
+            switch (sep_by_space) 
+            { 
+            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value. 
+                pat.field[1] = value; 
+                pat.field[2] = none; 
+                return; 
+            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value. 
+                pat.field[1] = value; 
+                pat.field[2] = none; 
+                if (!symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of 
+                    // setting pat.field[2]=space so that when 
+                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.insert((size_t)0, 1, space_char); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value. 
+                pat.field[1] = space; 
+                pat.field[2] = value; 
+                if (symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // Remove the separator from the symbol, since it 
+                    // has already appeared after the sign. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.erase(__curr_symbol_.begin()); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+            default: 
+                break; 
+            } 
+            break; 
+        case 2:  // The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency symbol. 
+            pat.field[0] = value; 
+            pat.field[3] = sign; 
+            switch (sep_by_space) 
+            { 
+            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value. 
+                pat.field[1] = none; 
+                pat.field[2] = symbol; 
+                return; 
+            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value. 
+                if (!symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of 
+                    // setting pat.field[1]=space so that when 
+                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.insert((size_t)0, 1, space_char); 
+                } 
+                pat.field[1] = none; 
+                pat.field[2] = symbol; 
+                return; 
+            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value. 
+                pat.field[1] = symbol; 
+                pat.field[2] = space; 
+                if (symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // Remove the separator from the symbol, since it 
+                    // should not be removed if showbase is absent. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.erase(__curr_symbol_.begin()); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+            default: 
+                break; 
+            } 
+            break; 
+        case 3:  // The sign string immediately precedes the currency symbol. 
+            pat.field[0] = value; 
+            pat.field[3] = symbol; 
+            switch (sep_by_space) 
+            { 
+            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value. 
+                pat.field[1] = none; 
+                pat.field[2] = sign; 
+                return; 
+            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value. 
+                pat.field[1] = space; 
+                pat.field[2] = sign; 
+                if (symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // Remove the separator from the symbol, since it 
+                    // has already appeared before the sign. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.erase(__curr_symbol_.begin()); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value. 
+                pat.field[1] = sign; 
+                pat.field[2] = none; 
+                if (!symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of 
+                    // setting pat.field[2]=space so that when 
+                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.insert((size_t)0, 1, space_char); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+            default: 
+                break; 
+            } 
+            break; 
+        case 4:  // The sign string immediately succeeds the currency symbol. 
+            pat.field[0] = value; 
+            pat.field[3] = sign; 
+            switch (sep_by_space) 
+            { 
+            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value. 
+                pat.field[1] = none; 
+                pat.field[2] = symbol; 
+                return; 
+            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value. 
+                pat.field[1] = none; 
+                pat.field[2] = symbol; 
+                if (!symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of 
+                    // setting pat.field[1]=space so that when 
+                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.insert((size_t)0, 1, space_char); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value. 
+                pat.field[1] = symbol; 
+                pat.field[2] = space; 
+                if (symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // Remove the separator from the symbol, since it 
+                    // should not disappear when showbase is absent. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.erase(__curr_symbol_.begin()); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+            default: 
+                break; 
+            } 
+            break; 
+        default: 
+            break; 
+        } 
+        break; 
+    case 1:  // curr_symbol before value 
+        switch (sign_posn) 
+        { 
+        case 0:  // Parentheses surround the quantity and currency symbol. 
+            pat.field[0] = sign; 
+            pat.field[1] = symbol; 
+            pat.field[2] = none;  // Any space appears in the symbol. 
+            pat.field[3] = value; 
+            switch (sep_by_space) 
+            { 
+            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value. 
+                // This case may have changed between C99 and C11; 
+                // assume the currency symbol matches the intention. 
+            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value. 
+                // The "sign" is two parentheses, so no space here either. 
+                return; 
+            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value. 
+                if (!symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of 
+                    // setting pat.field[2]=space so that when 
+                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.insert((size_t)0, 1, space_char); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+            default: 
+                break; 
+            } 
+            break; 
+        case 1:  // The sign string precedes the quantity and currency symbol. 
+            pat.field[0] = sign; 
+            pat.field[3] = value; 
+            switch (sep_by_space) 
+            { 
+            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value. 
+                pat.field[1] = symbol; 
+                pat.field[2] = none; 
+                return; 
+            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value. 
+                pat.field[1] = symbol; 
+                pat.field[2] = none; 
+                if (!symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of 
+                    // setting pat.field[2]=space so that when 
+                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.push_back(space_char); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value. 
+                pat.field[1] = space; 
+                pat.field[2] = symbol; 
+                if (symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // Remove the separator from the symbol, since it 
+                    // has already appeared after the sign. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.pop_back(); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+            default: 
+                break; 
+            } 
+            break; 
+        case 2:  // The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency symbol. 
+            pat.field[0] = symbol; 
+            pat.field[3] = sign; 
+            switch (sep_by_space) 
+            { 
+            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value. 
+                pat.field[1] = none; 
+                pat.field[2] = value; 
+                return; 
+            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value. 
+                pat.field[1] = none; 
+                pat.field[2] = value; 
+                if (!symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of 
+                    // setting pat.field[1]=space so that when 
+                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.push_back(space_char); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value. 
+                pat.field[1] = value; 
+                pat.field[2] = space; 
+                if (symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // Remove the separator from the symbol, since it 
+                    // will appear before the sign. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.pop_back(); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+            default: 
+                break; 
+            } 
+            break; 
+        case 3:  // The sign string immediately precedes the currency symbol. 
+            pat.field[0] = sign; 
+            pat.field[3] = value; 
+            switch (sep_by_space) 
+            { 
+            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value. 
+                pat.field[1] = symbol; 
+                pat.field[2] = none; 
+                return; 
+            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value. 
+                pat.field[1] = symbol; 
+                pat.field[2] = none; 
+                if (!symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of 
+                    // setting pat.field[2]=space so that when 
+                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.push_back(space_char); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value. 
+                pat.field[1] = space; 
+                pat.field[2] = symbol; 
+                if (symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // Remove the separator from the symbol, since it 
+                    // has already appeared after the sign. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.pop_back(); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+            default: 
+                break; 
+            } 
+            break; 
+        case 4:  // The sign string immediately succeeds the currency symbol. 
+            pat.field[0] = symbol; 
+            pat.field[3] = value; 
+            switch (sep_by_space) 
+            { 
+            case 0:  // No space separates the currency symbol and value. 
+                pat.field[1] = sign; 
+                pat.field[2] = none; 
+                return; 
+            case 1:  // Space between currency-and-sign or currency and value. 
+                pat.field[1] = sign; 
+                pat.field[2] = space; 
+                if (symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // Remove the separator from the symbol, since it 
+                    // should not disappear when showbase is absent. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.pop_back(); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+            case 2:  // Space between sign and currency or value. 
+                pat.field[1] = none; 
+                pat.field[2] = sign; 
+                if (!symbol_contains_sep) { 
+                    // We insert the space into the symbol instead of 
+                    // setting pat.field[1]=space so that when 
+                    // showbase is not set, the space goes away too. 
+                    __curr_symbol_.push_back(space_char); 
+                } 
+                return; 
+           default: 
+                break; 
+            } 
+            break; 
+        default: 
+            break; 
+        } 
+        break; 
+    default: 
+        break; 
+    } 
+    pat.field[0] = symbol; 
+    pat.field[1] = sign; 
+    pat.field[2] = none; 
+    pat.field[3] = value; 
+} 
+ 
+template<> 
+void 
+moneypunct_byname<char, false>::init(const char* nm) 
+{ 
+    typedef moneypunct<char, false> base; 
+    __libcpp_unique_locale loc(nm); 
+    if (!loc) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("moneypunct_byname" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm)); 
+ 
+    lconv* lc = __libcpp_localeconv_l(loc.get()); 
+    if (!checked_string_to_char_convert(__decimal_point_, 
+                                        lc->mon_decimal_point, 
+                                        loc.get())) 
+      __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point(); 
+    if (!checked_string_to_char_convert(__thousands_sep_, 
+                                        lc->mon_thousands_sep, 
+                                        loc.get())) 
+      __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep(); 
+ 
+    __grouping_ = lc->mon_grouping; 
+    __curr_symbol_ = lc->currency_symbol; 
+    if (lc->frac_digits != CHAR_MAX) 
+        __frac_digits_ = lc->frac_digits; 
+    else 
+        __frac_digits_ = base::do_frac_digits(); 
+    if (lc->p_sign_posn == 0) 
+        __positive_sign_ = "()"; 
+    else 
+        __positive_sign_ = lc->positive_sign; 
+    if (lc->n_sign_posn == 0) 
+        __negative_sign_ = "()"; 
+    else 
+        __negative_sign_ = lc->negative_sign; 
+    // Assume the positive and negative formats will want spaces in 
+    // the same places in curr_symbol since there's no way to 
+    // represent anything else. 
+    string_type __dummy_curr_symbol = __curr_symbol_; 
+    __init_pat(__pos_format_, __dummy_curr_symbol, false, 
+               lc->p_cs_precedes, lc->p_sep_by_space, lc->p_sign_posn, ' '); 
+    __init_pat(__neg_format_, __curr_symbol_, false, 
+               lc->n_cs_precedes, lc->n_sep_by_space, lc->n_sign_posn, ' '); 
+} 
+ 
+template<> 
+void 
+moneypunct_byname<char, true>::init(const char* nm) 
+{ 
+    typedef moneypunct<char, true> base; 
+    __libcpp_unique_locale loc(nm); 
+    if (!loc) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("moneypunct_byname" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm)); 
+ 
+    lconv* lc = __libcpp_localeconv_l(loc.get()); 
+    if (!checked_string_to_char_convert(__decimal_point_, 
+                                        lc->mon_decimal_point, 
+                                        loc.get())) 
+      __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point(); 
+    if (!checked_string_to_char_convert(__thousands_sep_, 
+                                        lc->mon_thousands_sep, 
+                                        loc.get())) 
+      __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep(); 
+    __grouping_ = lc->mon_grouping; 
+    __curr_symbol_ = lc->int_curr_symbol; 
+    if (lc->int_frac_digits != CHAR_MAX) 
+        __frac_digits_ = lc->int_frac_digits; 
+    else 
+        __frac_digits_ = base::do_frac_digits(); 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__) 
+    if (lc->p_sign_posn == 0) 
+#else // _LIBCPP_MSVCRT 
+    if (lc->int_p_sign_posn == 0) 
+#endif // !_LIBCPP_MSVCRT 
+        __positive_sign_ = "()"; 
+    else 
+        __positive_sign_ = lc->positive_sign; 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__) 
+    if(lc->n_sign_posn == 0) 
+#else // _LIBCPP_MSVCRT 
+    if (lc->int_n_sign_posn == 0) 
+#endif // !_LIBCPP_MSVCRT 
+        __negative_sign_ = "()"; 
+    else 
+        __negative_sign_ = lc->negative_sign; 
+    // Assume the positive and negative formats will want spaces in 
+    // the same places in curr_symbol since there's no way to 
+    // represent anything else. 
+    string_type __dummy_curr_symbol = __curr_symbol_; 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__) 
+    __init_pat(__pos_format_, __dummy_curr_symbol, true, 
+               lc->p_cs_precedes, lc->p_sep_by_space, lc->p_sign_posn, ' '); 
+    __init_pat(__neg_format_, __curr_symbol_, true, 
+               lc->n_cs_precedes, lc->n_sep_by_space, lc->n_sign_posn, ' '); 
+#else // _LIBCPP_MSVCRT 
+    __init_pat(__pos_format_, __dummy_curr_symbol, true, 
+               lc->int_p_cs_precedes, lc->int_p_sep_by_space, 
+               lc->int_p_sign_posn, ' '); 
+    __init_pat(__neg_format_, __curr_symbol_, true, 
+               lc->int_n_cs_precedes, lc->int_n_sep_by_space, 
+               lc->int_n_sign_posn, ' '); 
+#endif // !_LIBCPP_MSVCRT 
+} 
+ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+template<> 
+void 
+moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>::init(const char* nm) 
+{ 
+    typedef moneypunct<wchar_t, false> base; 
+    __libcpp_unique_locale loc(nm); 
+    if (!loc) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("moneypunct_byname" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm)); 
+    lconv* lc = __libcpp_localeconv_l(loc.get()); 
+    if (!checked_string_to_wchar_convert(__decimal_point_, 
+                                         lc->mon_decimal_point, 
+                                         loc.get())) 
+      __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point(); 
+    if (!checked_string_to_wchar_convert(__thousands_sep_, 
+                                         lc->mon_thousands_sep, 
+                                         loc.get())) 
+      __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep(); 
+    __grouping_ = lc->mon_grouping; 
+    wchar_t wbuf[100]; 
+    mbstate_t mb = {0}; 
+    const char* bb = lc->currency_symbol; 
+    size_t j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, loc.get()); 
+    if (j == size_t(-1)) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
+    wchar_t* wbe = wbuf + j; 
+    __curr_symbol_.assign(wbuf, wbe); 
+    if (lc->frac_digits != CHAR_MAX) 
+        __frac_digits_ = lc->frac_digits; 
+    else 
+        __frac_digits_ = base::do_frac_digits(); 
+    if (lc->p_sign_posn == 0) 
+        __positive_sign_ = L"()"; 
+    else 
+    { 
+        mb = mbstate_t(); 
+        bb = lc->positive_sign; 
+        j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, loc.get()); 
+        if (j == size_t(-1)) 
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
+        wbe = wbuf + j; 
+        __positive_sign_.assign(wbuf, wbe); 
+    } 
+    if (lc->n_sign_posn == 0) 
+        __negative_sign_ = L"()"; 
+    else 
+    { 
+        mb = mbstate_t(); 
+        bb = lc->negative_sign; 
+        j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, loc.get()); 
+        if (j == size_t(-1)) 
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
+        wbe = wbuf + j; 
+        __negative_sign_.assign(wbuf, wbe); 
+    } 
+    // Assume the positive and negative formats will want spaces in 
+    // the same places in curr_symbol since there's no way to 
+    // represent anything else. 
+    string_type __dummy_curr_symbol = __curr_symbol_; 
+    __init_pat(__pos_format_, __dummy_curr_symbol, false, 
+               lc->p_cs_precedes, lc->p_sep_by_space, lc->p_sign_posn, L' '); 
+    __init_pat(__neg_format_, __curr_symbol_, false, 
+               lc->n_cs_precedes, lc->n_sep_by_space, lc->n_sign_posn, L' '); 
+} 
+ 
+template<> 
+void 
+moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>::init(const char* nm) 
+{ 
+    typedef moneypunct<wchar_t, true> base; 
+    __libcpp_unique_locale loc(nm); 
+    if (!loc) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("moneypunct_byname" 
+                            " failed to construct for " + string(nm)); 
+ 
+    lconv* lc = __libcpp_localeconv_l(loc.get()); 
+    if (!checked_string_to_wchar_convert(__decimal_point_, 
+                                         lc->mon_decimal_point, 
+                                         loc.get())) 
+      __decimal_point_ = base::do_decimal_point(); 
+    if (!checked_string_to_wchar_convert(__thousands_sep_, 
+                                         lc->mon_thousands_sep, 
+                                         loc.get())) 
+      __thousands_sep_ = base::do_thousands_sep(); 
+    __grouping_ = lc->mon_grouping; 
+    wchar_t wbuf[100]; 
+    mbstate_t mb = {0}; 
+    const char* bb = lc->int_curr_symbol; 
+    size_t j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, loc.get()); 
+    if (j == size_t(-1)) 
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
+    wchar_t* wbe = wbuf + j; 
+    __curr_symbol_.assign(wbuf, wbe); 
+    if (lc->int_frac_digits != CHAR_MAX) 
+        __frac_digits_ = lc->int_frac_digits; 
+    else 
+        __frac_digits_ = base::do_frac_digits(); 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__) 
+    if (lc->p_sign_posn == 0) 
+#else // _LIBCPP_MSVCRT 
+    if (lc->int_p_sign_posn == 0) 
+#endif // !_LIBCPP_MSVCRT 
+        __positive_sign_ = L"()"; 
+    else 
+    { 
+        mb = mbstate_t(); 
+        bb = lc->positive_sign; 
+        j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, loc.get()); 
+        if (j == size_t(-1)) 
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
+        wbe = wbuf + j; 
+        __positive_sign_.assign(wbuf, wbe); 
+    } 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__) 
+    if (lc->n_sign_posn == 0) 
+#else // _LIBCPP_MSVCRT 
+    if (lc->int_n_sign_posn == 0) 
+#endif // !_LIBCPP_MSVCRT 
+        __negative_sign_ = L"()"; 
+    else 
+    { 
+        mb = mbstate_t(); 
+        bb = lc->negative_sign; 
+        j = __libcpp_mbsrtowcs_l(wbuf, &bb, countof(wbuf), &mb, loc.get()); 
+        if (j == size_t(-1)) 
+            __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
+        wbe = wbuf + j; 
+        __negative_sign_.assign(wbuf, wbe); 
+    } 
+    // Assume the positive and negative formats will want spaces in 
+    // the same places in curr_symbol since there's no way to 
+    // represent anything else. 
+    string_type __dummy_curr_symbol = __curr_symbol_; 
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT) || defined(__MINGW32__) 
+    __init_pat(__pos_format_, __dummy_curr_symbol, true, 
+               lc->p_cs_precedes, lc->p_sep_by_space, lc->p_sign_posn, L' '); 
+    __init_pat(__neg_format_, __curr_symbol_, true, 
+               lc->n_cs_precedes, lc->n_sep_by_space, lc->n_sign_posn, L' '); 
+#else // _LIBCPP_MSVCRT 
+    __init_pat(__pos_format_, __dummy_curr_symbol, true, 
+               lc->int_p_cs_precedes, lc->int_p_sep_by_space, 
+               lc->int_p_sign_posn, L' '); 
+    __init_pat(__neg_format_, __curr_symbol_, true, 
+               lc->int_n_cs_precedes, lc->int_n_sep_by_space, 
+               lc->int_n_sign_posn, L' '); 
+#endif // !_LIBCPP_MSVCRT 
+} 
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
+ 
+void __do_nothing(void*) {} 
+ 
+void __throw_runtime_error(const char* msg) 
+{ 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_NO_EXCEPTIONS 
+    throw runtime_error(msg); 
+#else 
+    (void)msg; 
+    _VSTD::abort(); 
+#endif 
+} 
+ 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS collate<char>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS collate<wchar_t>;) 
+ 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS num_get<char>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS num_get<wchar_t>;) 
+ 
+                           template struct _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS __num_get<char>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template struct _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS __num_get<wchar_t>;) 
+ 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS num_put<char>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS num_put<wchar_t>;) 
+ 
+                           template struct _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS __num_put<char>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template struct _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS __num_put<wchar_t>;) 
+ 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS time_get<char>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS time_get<wchar_t>;) 
+ 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS time_get_byname<char>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS time_get_byname<wchar_t>;) 
+ 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS time_put<char>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS time_put<wchar_t>;) 
+ 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS time_put_byname<char>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS time_put_byname<wchar_t>;) 
+ 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS moneypunct<char, false>; 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS moneypunct<char, true>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS moneypunct<wchar_t, false>;) 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS moneypunct<wchar_t, true>;) 
+ 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS moneypunct_byname<char, false>; 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS moneypunct_byname<char, true>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, false>;) 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS moneypunct_byname<wchar_t, true>;) 
+ 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS money_get<char>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS money_get<wchar_t>;) 
+ 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS __money_get<char>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS __money_get<wchar_t>;) 
+ 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS money_put<char>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS money_put<wchar_t>;) 
+ 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS __money_put<char>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS __money_put<wchar_t>;) 
+ 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS messages<char>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS messages<wchar_t>;) 
+ 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS messages_byname<char>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS messages_byname<wchar_t>;) 
+ 
+                           template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>; 
+_LIBCPP_IF_WIDE_CHARACTERS(template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>;) 
+template class _LIBCPP_DEPRECATED_IN_CXX20 _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>; 
+template class _LIBCPP_DEPRECATED_IN_CXX20 _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>; 
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T 
+template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS codecvt_byname<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>; 
+template class _LIBCPP_CLASS_TEMPLATE_INSTANTIATION_VIS codecvt_byname<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>; 
+#endif 
+ 
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD