Restoring authorship annotation for Andrey Khalyavin <halyavin@gmail.com>. Commit 2 of 2.

1 files changed, 7016 insertions, 7016 deletions

diff --git a/contrib/libs/cxxsupp/libcxx/include/random b/contrib/libs/cxxsupp/libcxx/include/random
index 0dc96e0322..1320250897 100644
--- a/contrib/libs/cxxsupp/libcxx/include/random
+++ b/contrib/libs/cxxsupp/libcxx/include/random
@@ -1,7022 +1,7022 @@
-// -*- C++ -*- 
-//===--------------------------- random -----------------------------------===// 
-// 
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===--------------------------- random -----------------------------------===//
+//
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
-// 
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 
- 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_RANDOM 
-#define _LIBCPP_RANDOM 
- 
-/* 
-    random synopsis 
- 
-#include <initializer_list> 
- 
-namespace std 
-{ 
-// [rand.req.urng], uniform random bit generator requirements 
-template<class G> 
-concept uniform_random_bit_generator = see below; // C++20 
- 
-// Engines 
- 
-template <class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m> 
-class linear_congruential_engine 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef UIntType result_type; 
- 
-    // engine characteristics 
-    static constexpr result_type multiplier = a; 
-    static constexpr result_type increment = c; 
-    static constexpr result_type modulus = m; 
-    static constexpr result_type min() { return c == 0u ? 1u: 0u;} 
-    static constexpr result_type max() { return m - 1u;} 
-    static constexpr result_type default_seed = 1u; 
- 
-    // constructors and seeding functions 
-    explicit linear_congruential_engine(result_type s = default_seed);         // before C++20 
-    linear_congruential_engine() : linear_congruential_engine(default_seed) {} // C++20 
-    explicit linear_congruential_engine(result_type s);                        // C++20 
-    template<class Sseq> explicit linear_congruential_engine(Sseq& q); 
-    void seed(result_type s = default_seed); 
-    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    result_type operator()(); 
-    void discard(unsigned long long z); 
-}; 
- 
-template <class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m> 
-bool 
-operator==(const linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& x, 
-           const linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& y); 
- 
-template <class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m> 
-bool 
-operator!=(const linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& x, 
-           const linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& y); 
- 
-template <class charT, class traits, 
-          class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m> 
-basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-           const linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& x); 
- 
-template <class charT, class traits, 
-          class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m> 
-basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-           linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& x); 
- 
-template <class UIntType, size_t w, size_t n, size_t m, size_t r, 
-          UIntType a, size_t u, UIntType d, size_t s, 
-          UIntType b, size_t t, UIntType c, size_t l, UIntType f> 
-class mersenne_twister_engine 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef UIntType result_type; 
- 
-    // engine characteristics 
-    static constexpr size_t word_size = w; 
-    static constexpr size_t state_size = n; 
-    static constexpr size_t shift_size = m; 
-    static constexpr size_t mask_bits = r; 
-    static constexpr result_type xor_mask = a; 
-    static constexpr size_t tempering_u = u; 
-    static constexpr result_type tempering_d = d; 
-    static constexpr size_t tempering_s = s; 
-    static constexpr result_type tempering_b = b; 
-    static constexpr size_t tempering_t = t; 
-    static constexpr result_type tempering_c = c; 
-    static constexpr size_t tempering_l = l; 
-    static constexpr result_type initialization_multiplier = f; 
-    static constexpr result_type min () { return 0; } 
-    static constexpr result_type max() { return 2^w - 1; } 
-    static constexpr result_type default_seed = 5489u; 
- 
-    // constructors and seeding functions 
-    explicit mersenne_twister_engine(result_type s = default_seed);      // before C++20 
-    mersenne_twister_engine() : mersenne_twister_engine(default_seed) {} // C++20 
-    explicit mersenne_twister_engine(result_type s);                     // C++20 
-    template<class Sseq> explicit mersenne_twister_engine(Sseq& q); 
-    void seed(result_type value = default_seed); 
-    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    result_type operator()(); 
-    void discard(unsigned long long z); 
-}; 
- 
-template <class UIntType, size_t w, size_t n, size_t m, size_t r, 
-          UIntType a, size_t u, UIntType d, size_t s, 
-          UIntType b, size_t t, UIntType c, size_t l, UIntType f> 
-bool 
-operator==( 
-    const mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& x, 
-    const mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& y); 
- 
-template <class UIntType, size_t w, size_t n, size_t m, size_t r, 
-          UIntType a, size_t u, UIntType d, size_t s, 
-          UIntType b, size_t t, UIntType c, size_t l, UIntType f> 
-bool 
-operator!=( 
-    const mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& x, 
-    const mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& y); 
- 
-template <class charT, class traits, 
-          class UIntType, size_t w, size_t n, size_t m, size_t r, 
-          UIntType a, size_t u, UIntType d, size_t s, 
-          UIntType b, size_t t, UIntType c, size_t l, UIntType f> 
-basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-           const mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& x); 
- 
-template <class charT, class traits, 
-          class UIntType, size_t w, size_t n, size_t m, size_t r, 
-          UIntType a, size_t u, UIntType d, size_t s, 
-          UIntType b, size_t t, UIntType c, size_t l, UIntType f> 
-basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-           mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& x); 
- 
-template<class UIntType, size_t w, size_t s, size_t r> 
-class subtract_with_carry_engine 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef UIntType result_type; 
- 
-    // engine characteristics 
-    static constexpr size_t word_size = w; 
-    static constexpr size_t short_lag = s; 
-    static constexpr size_t long_lag = r; 
-    static constexpr result_type min() { return 0; } 
-    static constexpr result_type max() { return m-1; } 
-    static constexpr result_type default_seed = 19780503u; 
- 
-    // constructors and seeding functions 
-    explicit subtract_with_carry_engine(result_type value = default_seed);     // before C++20 
-    subtract_with_carry_engine() : subtract_with_carry_engine(default_seed) {} // C++20 
-    explicit subtract_with_carry_engine(result_type value);                    // C++20 
-    template<class Sseq> explicit subtract_with_carry_engine(Sseq& q); 
-    void seed(result_type value = default_seed); 
-    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    result_type operator()(); 
-    void discard(unsigned long long z); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class UIntType, size_t w, size_t s, size_t r> 
-bool 
-operator==( 
-    const subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& x, 
-    const subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& y); 
- 
-template<class UIntType, size_t w, size_t s, size_t r> 
-bool 
-operator!=( 
-    const subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& x, 
-    const subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& y); 
- 
-template <class charT, class traits, 
-          class UIntType, size_t w, size_t s, size_t r> 
-basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-           const subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& x); 
- 
-template <class charT, class traits, 
-          class UIntType, size_t w, size_t s, size_t r> 
-basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-           subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& x); 
- 
-template<class Engine, size_t p, size_t r> 
-class discard_block_engine 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef typename Engine::result_type result_type; 
- 
-    // engine characteristics 
-    static constexpr size_t block_size = p; 
-    static constexpr size_t used_block = r; 
-    static constexpr result_type min() { return Engine::min(); } 
-    static constexpr result_type max() { return Engine::max(); } 
- 
-    // constructors and seeding functions 
-    discard_block_engine(); 
-    explicit discard_block_engine(const Engine& e); 
-    explicit discard_block_engine(Engine&& e); 
-    explicit discard_block_engine(result_type s); 
-    template<class Sseq> explicit discard_block_engine(Sseq& q); 
-    void seed(); 
-    void seed(result_type s); 
-    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    result_type operator()(); 
-    void discard(unsigned long long z); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    const Engine& base() const noexcept; 
-}; 
- 
-template<class Engine, size_t p, size_t r> 
-bool 
-operator==( 
-    const discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& x, 
-    const discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& y); 
- 
-template<class Engine, size_t p, size_t r> 
-bool 
-operator!=( 
-    const discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& x, 
-    const discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& y); 
- 
-template <class charT, class traits, 
-          class Engine, size_t p, size_t r> 
-basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-           const discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& x); 
- 
-template <class charT, class traits, 
-          class Engine, size_t p, size_t r> 
-basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-           discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& x); 
- 
-template<class Engine, size_t w, class UIntType> 
-class independent_bits_engine 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef UIntType result_type; 
- 
-    // engine characteristics 
-    static constexpr result_type min() { return 0; } 
-    static constexpr result_type max() { return 2^w - 1; } 
- 
-    // constructors and seeding functions 
-    independent_bits_engine(); 
-    explicit independent_bits_engine(const Engine& e); 
-    explicit independent_bits_engine(Engine&& e); 
-    explicit independent_bits_engine(result_type s); 
-    template<class Sseq> explicit independent_bits_engine(Sseq& q); 
-    void seed(); 
-    void seed(result_type s); 
-    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    result_type operator()(); void discard(unsigned long long z); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    const Engine& base() const noexcept; 
-}; 
- 
-template<class Engine, size_t w, class UIntType> 
-bool 
-operator==( 
-    const independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& x, 
-    const independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& y); 
- 
-template<class Engine, size_t w, class UIntType> 
-bool 
-operator!=( 
-    const independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& x, 
-    const independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& y); 
- 
-template <class charT, class traits, 
-          class Engine, size_t w, class UIntType> 
-basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-           const independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& x); 
- 
-template <class charT, class traits, 
-          class Engine, size_t w, class UIntType> 
-basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-           independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& x); 
- 
-template<class Engine, size_t k> 
-class shuffle_order_engine 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef typename Engine::result_type result_type; 
- 
-    // engine characteristics 
-    static constexpr size_t table_size = k; 
-    static constexpr result_type min() { return Engine::min; } 
-    static constexpr result_type max() { return Engine::max; } 
- 
-    // constructors and seeding functions 
-    shuffle_order_engine(); 
-    explicit shuffle_order_engine(const Engine& e); 
-    explicit shuffle_order_engine(Engine&& e); 
-    explicit shuffle_order_engine(result_type s); 
-    template<class Sseq> explicit shuffle_order_engine(Sseq& q); 
-    void seed(); 
-    void seed(result_type s); 
-    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    result_type operator()(); 
-    void discard(unsigned long long z); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    const Engine& base() const noexcept; 
-}; 
- 
-template<class Engine, size_t k> 
-bool 
-operator==( 
-    const shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& x, 
-    const shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& y); 
- 
-template<class Engine, size_t k> 
-bool 
-operator!=( 
-    const shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& x, 
-    const shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& y); 
- 
-template <class charT, class traits, 
-          class Engine, size_t k> 
-basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-           const shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& x); 
- 
-template <class charT, class traits, 
-          class Engine, size_t k> 
-basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-           shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& x); 
- 
-typedef linear_congruential_engine<uint_fast32_t, 16807, 0, 2147483647> 
-                                                                   minstd_rand0; 
-typedef linear_congruential_engine<uint_fast32_t, 48271, 0, 2147483647> 
-                                                                    minstd_rand; 
-typedef mersenne_twister_engine<uint_fast32_t, 32, 624, 397, 31, 
-                                0x9908b0df, 
-                                11, 0xffffffff, 
-                                7,  0x9d2c5680, 
-                                15, 0xefc60000, 
-                                18, 1812433253>                         mt19937; 
-typedef mersenne_twister_engine<uint_fast64_t, 64, 312, 156, 31, 
-                                0xb5026f5aa96619e9, 
-                                29, 0x5555555555555555, 
-                                17, 0x71d67fffeda60000, 
-                                37, 0xfff7eee000000000, 
-                                43, 6364136223846793005>             mt19937_64; 
-typedef subtract_with_carry_engine<uint_fast32_t, 24, 10, 24>     ranlux24_base; 
-typedef subtract_with_carry_engine<uint_fast64_t, 48,  5, 12>     ranlux48_base; 
-typedef discard_block_engine<ranlux24_base, 223, 23>                   ranlux24; 
-typedef discard_block_engine<ranlux48_base, 389, 11>                   ranlux48; 
-typedef shuffle_order_engine<minstd_rand0, 256>                         knuth_b; 
-typedef minstd_rand                                       default_random_engine; 
- 
-// Generators 
- 
-class random_device 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef unsigned int result_type; 
- 
-    // generator characteristics 
-    static constexpr result_type min() { return numeric_limits<result_type>::min(); } 
-    static constexpr result_type max() { return numeric_limits<result_type>::max(); } 
- 
-    // constructors 
-    explicit random_device(const string& token = implementation-defined); // before C++20 
-    random_device() : random_device(implementation-defined) {}            // C++20 
-    explicit random_device(const string& token);                          // C++20 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    result_type operator()(); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    double entropy() const noexcept; 
- 
-    // no copy functions 
-    random_device(const random_device& ) = delete; 
-    void operator=(const random_device& ) = delete; 
-}; 
- 
-// Utilities 
- 
-class seed_seq 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef uint_least32_t result_type; 
- 
-    // constructors 
-    seed_seq(); 
-    template<class T> 
-        seed_seq(initializer_list<T> il); 
-    template<class InputIterator> 
-        seed_seq(InputIterator begin, InputIterator end); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class RandomAccessIterator> 
-        void generate(RandomAccessIterator begin, RandomAccessIterator end); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    size_t size() const; 
-    template<class OutputIterator> 
-        void param(OutputIterator dest) const; 
- 
-    // no copy functions 
-    seed_seq(const seed_seq&) = delete; 
-    void operator=(const seed_seq& ) = delete; 
-}; 
- 
-template<class RealType, size_t bits, class URNG> 
-    RealType generate_canonical(URNG& g); 
- 
-// Distributions 
- 
-template<class IntType = int> 
-class uniform_int_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef IntType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef uniform_int_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(IntType a = 0, 
-                                    IntType b = numeric_limits<IntType>::max()); 
- 
-        result_type a() const; 
-        result_type b() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-    explicit uniform_int_distribution(IntType a = 0, 
-                                      IntType b = numeric_limits<IntType>::max()); // before C++20 
-    uniform_int_distribution() : uniform_int_distribution(0) {}                    // C++20 
-    explicit uniform_int_distribution(IntType a, 
-                                      IntType b = numeric_limits<IntType>::max()); // C++20 
-    explicit uniform_int_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    result_type a() const; 
-    result_type b() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const uniform_int_distribution& x, 
-                           const uniform_int_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const uniform_int_distribution& x, 
-                           const uniform_int_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const uniform_int_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               uniform_int_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class RealType = double> 
-class uniform_real_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef uniform_real_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(RealType a = 0, 
-                            RealType b = 1); 
- 
-        result_type a() const; 
-        result_type b() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-    explicit uniform_real_distribution(RealType a = 0.0, RealType b = 1.0); // before C++20 
-    uniform_real_distribution() : uniform_real_distribution(0.0) {}         // C++20 
-    explicit uniform_real_distribution(RealType a, RealType b = 1.0);       // C++20 
-    explicit uniform_real_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    result_type a() const; 
-    result_type b() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const uniform_real_distribution& x, 
-                           const uniform_real_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const uniform_real_distribution& x, 
-                           const uniform_real_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const uniform_real_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               uniform_real_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-class bernoulli_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef bool result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef bernoulli_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(double p = 0.5); 
- 
-        double p() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-    explicit bernoulli_distribution(double p = 0.5);          // before C++20 
-    bernoulli_distribution() : bernoulli_distribution(0.5) {} // C++20 
-    explicit bernoulli_distribution(double p);                // C++20 
-    explicit bernoulli_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    double p() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const bernoulli_distribution& x, 
-                           const bernoulli_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const bernoulli_distribution& x, 
-                           const bernoulli_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const bernoulli_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               bernoulli_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class IntType = int> 
-class binomial_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef IntType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef binomial_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(IntType t = 1, double p = 0.5); 
- 
-        IntType t() const; 
-        double p() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-    explicit binomial_distribution(IntType t = 1, double p = 0.5); // before C++20 
-    binomial_distribution() : binomial_distribution(1) {}          // C++20 
-    explicit binomial_distribution(IntType t, double p = 0.5);     // C++20 
-    explicit binomial_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    IntType t() const; 
-    double p() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const binomial_distribution& x, 
-                           const binomial_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const binomial_distribution& x, 
-                           const binomial_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const binomial_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               binomial_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class IntType = int> 
-class geometric_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef IntType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef geometric_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(double p = 0.5); 
- 
-        double p() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-    explicit geometric_distribution(double p = 0.5);          // before C++20 
-    geometric_distribution() : geometric_distribution(0.5) {} // C++20 
-    explicit geometric_distribution(double p);                // C++20 
-    explicit geometric_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    double p() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const geometric_distribution& x, 
-                           const geometric_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const geometric_distribution& x, 
-                           const geometric_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const geometric_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               geometric_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class IntType = int> 
-class negative_binomial_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef IntType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef negative_binomial_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(result_type k = 1, double p = 0.5); 
- 
-        result_type k() const; 
-        double p() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-    explicit negative_binomial_distribution(IntType k = 1, double p = 0.5); // before C++20 
-    negative_binomial_distribution() : negative_binomial_distribution(1) {} // C++20 
-    explicit negative_binomial_distribution(IntType k, double p = 0.5);     // C++20 
-    explicit negative_binomial_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    result_type k() const; 
-    double p() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const negative_binomial_distribution& x, 
-                           const negative_binomial_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const negative_binomial_distribution& x, 
-                           const negative_binomial_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const negative_binomial_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               negative_binomial_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class IntType = int> 
-class poisson_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef IntType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef poisson_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(double mean = 1.0); 
- 
-        double mean() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-    explicit poisson_distribution(double mean = 1.0);     // before C++20 
-    poisson_distribution() : poisson_distribution(1.0) {} // C++20 
-    explicit poisson_distribution(double mean);           // C++20 
-    explicit poisson_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    double mean() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const poisson_distribution& x, 
-                           const poisson_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const poisson_distribution& x, 
-                           const poisson_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const poisson_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               poisson_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class RealType = double> 
-class exponential_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef exponential_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(result_type lambda = 1.0); 
- 
-        result_type lambda() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-    explicit exponential_distribution(RealType lambda = 1.0);     // before C++20 
-    exponential_distribution() : exponential_distribution(1.0) {} // C++20 
-    explicit exponential_distribution(RealType lambda);           // C++20 
-    explicit exponential_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    result_type lambda() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const exponential_distribution& x, 
-                           const exponential_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const exponential_distribution& x, 
-                           const exponential_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const exponential_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               exponential_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class RealType = double> 
-class gamma_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef gamma_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(result_type alpha = 1, result_type beta = 1); 
- 
-        result_type alpha() const; 
-        result_type beta() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-    explicit gamma_distribution(RealType alpha = 0.0, RealType beta = 1.0); // before C++20 
-    gamma_distribution() : gamma_distribution(0.0) {}                       // C++20 
-    explicit gamma_distribution(RealType alpha, RealType beta = 1.0);       // C++20 
-    explicit gamma_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    result_type alpha() const; 
-    result_type beta() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const gamma_distribution& x, 
-                           const gamma_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const gamma_distribution& x, 
-                           const gamma_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const gamma_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               gamma_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class RealType = double> 
-class weibull_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef weibull_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(result_type alpha = 1, result_type beta = 1); 
- 
-        result_type a() const; 
-        result_type b() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-    explicit weibull_distribution(RealType a = 1.0, RealType b = 1.0); // before C++20 
-    weibull_distribution() : weibull_distribution(1.0) {}              // C++20 
-    explicit weibull_distribution(RealType a, RealType b = 1.0);       // C++20 
-    explicit weibull_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    result_type a() const; 
-    result_type b() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const weibull_distribution& x, 
-                           const weibull_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const weibull_distribution& x, 
-                           const weibull_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const weibull_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               weibull_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class RealType = double> 
-class extreme_value_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef extreme_value_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(result_type a = 0, result_type b = 1); 
- 
-        result_type a() const; 
-        result_type b() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-    explicit extreme_value_distribution(RealType a = 0.0, RealType b = 1.0); // before C++20 
-    extreme_value_distribution() : extreme_value_distribution(0.0) {}        // C++20 
-    explicit extreme_value_distribution(RealType a, RealType b = 1.0);       // C++20 
-    explicit extreme_value_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    result_type a() const; 
-    result_type b() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const extreme_value_distribution& x, 
-                           const extreme_value_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const extreme_value_distribution& x, 
-                           const extreme_value_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const extreme_value_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               extreme_value_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class RealType = double> 
-class normal_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef normal_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(result_type mean = 0, result_type stddev = 1); 
- 
-        result_type mean() const; 
-        result_type stddev() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-    explicit normal_distribution(RealType mean = 0.0, RealType stddev = 1.0); // before C++20 
-    normal_distribution() : normal_distribution(0.0) {}                       // C++20 
-    explicit normal_distribution(RealType mean, RealType stddev = 1.0);       // C++20 
-    explicit normal_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    result_type mean() const; 
-    result_type stddev() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const normal_distribution& x, 
-                           const normal_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const normal_distribution& x, 
-                           const normal_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const normal_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               normal_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class RealType = double> 
-class lognormal_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef lognormal_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(result_type m = 0, result_type s = 1); 
- 
-        result_type m() const; 
-        result_type s() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-    explicit lognormal_distribution(RealType mean = 0.0, RealType stddev = 1.0); // before C++20 
-    lognormal_distribution() : lognormal_distribution(0.0) {}                    // C++20 
-    explicit lognormal_distribution(RealType mean, RealType stddev = 1.0);       // C++20 
-    explicit lognormal_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    result_type m() const; 
-    result_type s() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const lognormal_distribution& x, 
-                           const lognormal_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const lognormal_distribution& x, 
-                           const lognormal_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const lognormal_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               lognormal_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class RealType = double> 
-class chi_squared_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef chi_squared_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(result_type n = 1); 
- 
-        result_type n() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-    explicit chi_squared_distribution(RealType n = 1.0);          // before C++20 
-    chi_squared_distribution() : chi_squared_distribution(1.0) {} // C++20 
-    explicit chi_squared_distribution(RealType n);                // C++20 
-    explicit chi_squared_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    result_type n() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const chi_squared_distribution& x, 
-                           const chi_squared_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const chi_squared_distribution& x, 
-                           const chi_squared_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const chi_squared_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               chi_squared_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class RealType = double> 
-class cauchy_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef cauchy_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(result_type a = 0, result_type b = 1); 
- 
-        result_type a() const; 
-        result_type b() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-    explicit cauchy_distribution(RealType a = 0.0, RealType b = 1.0); // before C++20 
-    cauchy_distribution() : cauchy_distribution(0.0) {}               // C++20 
-    explicit cauchy_distribution(RealType a, RealType b = 1.0);       // C++20 
-    explicit cauchy_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    result_type a() const; 
-    result_type b() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const cauchy_distribution& x, 
-                           const cauchy_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const cauchy_distribution& x, 
-                           const cauchy_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const cauchy_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               cauchy_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class RealType = double> 
-class fisher_f_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef fisher_f_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(result_type m = 1, result_type n = 1); 
- 
-        result_type m() const; 
-        result_type n() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-    explicit fisher_f_distribution(RealType m = 1.0, RealType n = 1.0); // before C++20 
-    fisher_f_distribution() : fisher_f_distribution(1.0) {}             // C++20 
-    explicit fisher_f_distribution(RealType m, RealType n = 1.0);       // C++20 
-    explicit fisher_f_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    result_type m() const; 
-    result_type n() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const fisher_f_distribution& x, 
-                           const fisher_f_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const fisher_f_distribution& x, 
-                           const fisher_f_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const fisher_f_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               fisher_f_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class RealType = double> 
-class student_t_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef student_t_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(result_type n = 1); 
- 
-        result_type n() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-    explicit student_t_distribution(RealType n = 1.0);        // before C++20 
-    student_t_distribution() : student_t_distribution(1.0) {} // C++20 
-    explicit student_t_distribution(RealType n);              // C++20 
-    explicit student_t_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    result_type n() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const student_t_distribution& x, 
-                           const student_t_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const student_t_distribution& x, 
-                           const student_t_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const student_t_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               student_t_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class IntType = int> 
-class discrete_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef IntType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef discrete_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        param_type(); 
-        template<class InputIterator> 
-            param_type(InputIterator firstW, InputIterator lastW); 
-        param_type(initializer_list<double> wl); 
-        template<class UnaryOperation> 
-            param_type(size_t nw, double xmin, double xmax, UnaryOperation fw); 
- 
-        vector<double> probabilities() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-    discrete_distribution(); 
-    template<class InputIterator> 
-        discrete_distribution(InputIterator firstW, InputIterator lastW); 
-    discrete_distribution(initializer_list<double> wl); 
-    template<class UnaryOperation> 
-        discrete_distribution(size_t nw, double xmin, double xmax, 
-                              UnaryOperation fw); 
-    explicit discrete_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    vector<double> probabilities() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const discrete_distribution& x, 
-                           const discrete_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const discrete_distribution& x, 
-                           const discrete_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const discrete_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               discrete_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class RealType = double> 
-class piecewise_constant_distribution 
-{ 
-    // types 
-    typedef RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef piecewise_constant_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        param_type(); 
-        template<class InputIteratorB, class InputIteratorW> 
-            param_type(InputIteratorB firstB, InputIteratorB lastB, 
-                       InputIteratorW firstW); 
-        template<class UnaryOperation> 
-            param_type(initializer_list<result_type> bl, UnaryOperation fw); 
-        template<class UnaryOperation> 
-            param_type(size_t nw, result_type xmin, result_type xmax, 
-                       UnaryOperation fw); 
- 
-        vector<result_type> intervals() const; 
-        vector<result_type> densities() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-    piecewise_constant_distribution(); 
-    template<class InputIteratorB, class InputIteratorW> 
-        piecewise_constant_distribution(InputIteratorB firstB, 
-                                        InputIteratorB lastB, 
-                                        InputIteratorW firstW); 
-    template<class UnaryOperation> 
-        piecewise_constant_distribution(initializer_list<result_type> bl, 
-                                        UnaryOperation fw); 
-    template<class UnaryOperation> 
-        piecewise_constant_distribution(size_t nw, result_type xmin, 
-                                        result_type xmax, UnaryOperation fw); 
-    explicit piecewise_constant_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    vector<result_type> intervals() const; 
-    vector<result_type> densities() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const piecewise_constant_distribution& x, 
-                           const piecewise_constant_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const piecewise_constant_distribution& x, 
-                           const piecewise_constant_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const piecewise_constant_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               piecewise_constant_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class RealType = double> 
-class piecewise_linear_distribution 
-{ 
-    // types 
-    typedef RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class param_type 
-    { 
-    public: 
-        typedef piecewise_linear_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        param_type(); 
-        template<class InputIteratorB, class InputIteratorW> 
-            param_type(InputIteratorB firstB, InputIteratorB lastB, 
-                       InputIteratorW firstW); 
-        template<class UnaryOperation> 
-            param_type(initializer_list<result_type> bl, UnaryOperation fw); 
-        template<class UnaryOperation> 
-            param_type(size_t nw, result_type xmin, result_type xmax, 
-                       UnaryOperation fw); 
- 
-        vector<result_type> intervals() const; 
-        vector<result_type> densities() const; 
- 
-        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y); 
-    }; 
- 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-    piecewise_linear_distribution(); 
-    template<class InputIteratorB, class InputIteratorW> 
-        piecewise_linear_distribution(InputIteratorB firstB, 
-                                      InputIteratorB lastB, 
-                                      InputIteratorW firstW); 
- 
-    template<class UnaryOperation> 
-        piecewise_linear_distribution(initializer_list<result_type> bl, 
-                                      UnaryOperation fw); 
- 
-    template<class UnaryOperation> 
-        piecewise_linear_distribution(size_t nw, result_type xmin, 
-                                      result_type xmax, UnaryOperation fw); 
- 
-    explicit piecewise_linear_distribution(const param_type& parm); 
-    void reset(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g); 
-    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    vector<result_type> intervals() const; 
-    vector<result_type> densities() const; 
- 
-    param_type param() const; 
-    void param(const param_type& parm); 
- 
-    result_type min() const; 
-    result_type max() const; 
- 
-    friend bool operator==(const piecewise_linear_distribution& x, 
-                           const piecewise_linear_distribution& y); 
-    friend bool operator!=(const piecewise_linear_distribution& x, 
-                           const piecewise_linear_distribution& y); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, 
-               const piecewise_linear_distribution& x); 
- 
-    template <class charT, class traits> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<charT, traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is, 
-               piecewise_linear_distribution& x); 
-}; 
- 
-} // std 
-*/ 
- 
-#include <__config> 
-#include <__random/uniform_int_distribution.h> 
-#include <algorithm> 
-#include <cmath> 
-#include <concepts> 
-#include <cstddef> 
-#include <cstdint> 
-#include <initializer_list> 
-#include <iosfwd> 
-#include <limits> 
-#include <numeric> 
-#include <string> 
-#include <type_traits> 
-#include <vector> 
- 
-#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER) 
-#pragma GCC system_header 
-#endif 
- 
-_LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS 
-#include <__undef_macros> 
- 
- 
-_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD 
- 
-#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17 && !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CONCEPTS) 
- 
-// [rand.req.urng] 
-template<class _Gen> 
-concept uniform_random_bit_generator = 
-  invocable<_Gen&> && unsigned_integral<invoke_result_t<_Gen&>> && 
-  requires { 
-    { _Gen::min() } -> same_as<invoke_result_t<_Gen&>>; 
-    { _Gen::max() } -> same_as<invoke_result_t<_Gen&>>; 
-    requires bool_constant<(_Gen::min() < _Gen::max())>::value; 
-  }; 
- 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17 && !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CONCEPTS) 
- 
-// __is_seed_sequence 
- 
-template <class _Sseq, class _Engine> 
-struct __is_seed_sequence 
-{ 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const bool value = 
-              !is_convertible<_Sseq, typename _Engine::result_type>::value && 
-              !is_same<typename remove_cv<_Sseq>::type, _Engine>::value; 
-}; 
- 
-// linear_congruential_engine 
- 
-template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c, 
-          unsigned long long __m, unsigned long long _Mp, 
-          bool _MightOverflow = (__a != 0 && __m != 0 && __m-1 > (_Mp-__c)/__a), 
-          bool _OverflowOK = ((__m | (__m-1)) > __m), // m = 2^n 
-          bool _SchrageOK = (__a != 0 && __m != 0 && __m % __a <= __m / __a)> // r <= q 
-struct __lce_alg_picker 
-{ 
-    static_assert(__a != 0 || __m != 0 || !_MightOverflow || _OverflowOK || _SchrageOK, 
-                  "The current values of a, c, and m cannot generate a number " 
-                  "within bounds of linear_congruential_engine."); 
- 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const bool __use_schrage = _MightOverflow && 
-                                                        !_OverflowOK && 
-                                                        _SchrageOK; 
-}; 
- 
-template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c, 
-          unsigned long long __m, unsigned long long _Mp, 
-          bool _UseSchrage = __lce_alg_picker<__a, __c, __m, _Mp>::__use_schrage> 
-struct __lce_ta; 
- 
-// 64 
- 
-template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c, unsigned long long __m> 
-struct __lce_ta<__a, __c, __m, (unsigned long long)(~0), true> 
-{ 
-    typedef unsigned long long result_type; 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static result_type next(result_type __x) 
-    { 
-        // Schrage's algorithm 
-        const result_type __q = __m / __a; 
-        const result_type __r = __m % __a; 
-        const result_type __t0 = __a * (__x % __q); 
-        const result_type __t1 = __r * (__x / __q); 
-        __x = __t0 + (__t0 < __t1) * __m - __t1; 
-        __x += __c - (__x >= __m - __c) * __m; 
-        return __x; 
-    } 
-}; 
- 
-template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __m> 
-struct __lce_ta<__a, 0, __m, (unsigned long long)(~0), true> 
-{ 
-    typedef unsigned long long result_type; 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static result_type next(result_type __x) 
-    { 
-        // Schrage's algorithm 
-        const result_type __q = __m / __a; 
-        const result_type __r = __m % __a; 
-        const result_type __t0 = __a * (__x % __q); 
-        const result_type __t1 = __r * (__x / __q); 
-        __x = __t0 + (__t0 < __t1) * __m - __t1; 
-        return __x; 
-    } 
-}; 
- 
-template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c, unsigned long long __m> 
-struct __lce_ta<__a, __c, __m, (unsigned long long)(~0), false> 
-{ 
-    typedef unsigned long long result_type; 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static result_type next(result_type __x) 
-    { 
-        return (__a * __x + __c) % __m; 
-    } 
-}; 
- 
-template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c> 
-struct __lce_ta<__a, __c, 0, (unsigned long long)(~0), false> 
-{ 
-    typedef unsigned long long result_type; 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static result_type next(result_type __x) 
-    { 
-        return __a * __x + __c; 
-    } 
-}; 
- 
-// 32 
- 
-template <unsigned long long _Ap, unsigned long long _Cp, unsigned long long _Mp> 
-struct __lce_ta<_Ap, _Cp, _Mp, unsigned(~0), true> 
-{ 
-    typedef unsigned result_type; 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static result_type next(result_type __x) 
-    { 
-        const result_type __a = static_cast<result_type>(_Ap); 
-        const result_type __c = static_cast<result_type>(_Cp); 
-        const result_type __m = static_cast<result_type>(_Mp); 
-        // Schrage's algorithm 
-        const result_type __q = __m / __a; 
-        const result_type __r = __m % __a; 
-        const result_type __t0 = __a * (__x % __q); 
-        const result_type __t1 = __r * (__x / __q); 
-        __x = __t0 + (__t0 < __t1) * __m - __t1; 
-        __x += __c - (__x >= __m - __c) * __m; 
-        return __x; 
-    } 
-}; 
- 
-template <unsigned long long _Ap, unsigned long long _Mp> 
-struct __lce_ta<_Ap, 0, _Mp, unsigned(~0), true> 
-{ 
-    typedef unsigned result_type; 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static result_type next(result_type __x) 
-    { 
-        const result_type __a = static_cast<result_type>(_Ap); 
-        const result_type __m = static_cast<result_type>(_Mp); 
-        // Schrage's algorithm 
-        const result_type __q = __m / __a; 
-        const result_type __r = __m % __a; 
-        const result_type __t0 = __a * (__x % __q); 
-        const result_type __t1 = __r * (__x / __q); 
-        __x = __t0 + (__t0 < __t1) * __m - __t1; 
-        return __x; 
-    } 
-}; 
- 
-template <unsigned long long _Ap, unsigned long long _Cp, unsigned long long _Mp> 
-struct __lce_ta<_Ap, _Cp, _Mp, unsigned(~0), false> 
-{ 
-    typedef unsigned result_type; 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static result_type next(result_type __x) 
-    { 
-        const result_type __a = static_cast<result_type>(_Ap); 
-        const result_type __c = static_cast<result_type>(_Cp); 
-        const result_type __m = static_cast<result_type>(_Mp); 
-        return (__a * __x + __c) % __m; 
-    } 
-}; 
- 
-template <unsigned long long _Ap, unsigned long long _Cp> 
-struct __lce_ta<_Ap, _Cp, 0, unsigned(~0), false> 
-{ 
-    typedef unsigned result_type; 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static result_type next(result_type __x) 
-    { 
-        const result_type __a = static_cast<result_type>(_Ap); 
-        const result_type __c = static_cast<result_type>(_Cp); 
-        return __a * __x + __c; 
-    } 
-}; 
- 
-// 16 
- 
-template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c, unsigned long long __m, bool __b> 
-struct __lce_ta<__a, __c, __m, (unsigned short)(~0), __b> 
-{ 
-    typedef unsigned short result_type; 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static result_type next(result_type __x) 
-    { 
-        return static_cast<result_type>(__lce_ta<__a, __c, __m, unsigned(~0)>::next(__x)); 
-    } 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS linear_congruential_engine; 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _Up, _Up _Ap, _Up _Cp, _Up _Np> 
-_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const linear_congruential_engine<_Up, _Ap, _Cp, _Np>&); 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _Up, _Up _Ap, _Up _Cp, _Up _Np> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           linear_congruential_engine<_Up, _Ap, _Cp, _Np>& __x); 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS linear_congruential_engine 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _UIntType result_type; 
- 
-private: 
-    result_type __x_; 
- 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Mp = result_type(~0); 
- 
-    static_assert(__m == 0 || __a < __m, "linear_congruential_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__m == 0 || __c < __m, "linear_congruential_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(is_unsigned<_UIntType>::value, "_UIntType must be unsigned type"); 
-public: 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = __c == 0u ? 1u: 0u; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = __m - 1u; 
-    static_assert(_Min < _Max,           "linear_congruential_engine invalid parameters"); 
- 
-    // engine characteristics 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type multiplier = __a; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type increment = __c; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type modulus = __m; 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() {return _Min;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() {return _Max;} 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type default_seed = 1u; 
- 
-    // constructors and seeding functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    linear_congruential_engine() : linear_congruential_engine(default_seed) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit linear_congruential_engine(result_type __s) { seed(__s); } 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit linear_congruential_engine(result_type __s = default_seed) { 
-      seed(__s); 
-    } 
-#endif 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit linear_congruential_engine(_Sseq& __q, 
-        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, linear_congruential_engine>::value>::type* = 0) 
-        {seed(__q);} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void seed(result_type __s = default_seed) 
-        {seed(integral_constant<bool, __m == 0>(), 
-              integral_constant<bool, __c == 0>(), __s);} 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        typename enable_if 
-        < 
-            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, linear_congruential_engine>::value, 
-            void 
-        >::type 
-        seed(_Sseq& __q) 
-            {__seed(__q, integral_constant<unsigned, 
-                1 + (__m == 0 ? (sizeof(result_type) * __CHAR_BIT__ - 1)/32 
-                             :  (__m > 0x100000000ull))>());} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type operator()() 
-        {return __x_ = static_cast<result_type>(__lce_ta<__a, __c, __m, _Mp>::next(__x_));} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    bool operator==(const linear_congruential_engine& __x, 
-                    const linear_congruential_engine& __y) 
-        {return __x.__x_ == __y.__x_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    bool operator!=(const linear_congruential_engine& __x, 
-                    const linear_congruential_engine& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
- 
-private: 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void seed(true_type, true_type, result_type __s) {__x_ = __s == 0 ? 1 : __s;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void seed(true_type, false_type, result_type __s) {__x_ = __s;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void seed(false_type, true_type, result_type __s) {__x_ = __s % __m == 0 ? 
-                                                                 1 : __s % __m;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void seed(false_type, false_type, result_type __s) {__x_ = __s % __m;} 
- 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1>); 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 2>); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-              class _Up, _Up _Ap, _Up _Cp, _Up _Np> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-               const linear_congruential_engine<_Up, _Ap, _Cp, _Np>&); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-              class _Up, _Up _Ap, _Up _Cp, _Up _Np> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-               linear_congruential_engine<_Up, _Ap, _Cp, _Np>& __x); 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::result_type 
-    linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::multiplier; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::result_type 
-    linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::increment; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::result_type 
-    linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::modulus; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::result_type 
-    linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::default_seed; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m> 
-template<class _Sseq> 
-void 
-linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::__seed(_Sseq& __q, 
-                                                 integral_constant<unsigned, 1>) 
-{ 
-    const unsigned __k = 1; 
-    uint32_t __ar[__k+3]; 
-    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __k + 3); 
-    result_type __s = static_cast<result_type>(__ar[3] % __m); 
-    __x_ = __c == 0 && __s == 0 ? result_type(1) : __s; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m> 
-template<class _Sseq> 
-void 
-linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::__seed(_Sseq& __q, 
-                                                 integral_constant<unsigned, 2>) 
-{ 
-    const unsigned __k = 2; 
-    uint32_t __ar[__k+3]; 
-    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __k + 3); 
-    result_type __s = static_cast<result_type>((__ar[3] + 
-                                              ((uint64_t)__ar[4] << 32)) % __m); 
-    __x_ = __c == 0 && __s == 0 ? result_type(1) : __s; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _Ostream; 
-    __os.flags(_Ostream::dec | _Ostream::left); 
-    __os.fill(__os.widen(' ')); 
-    return __os << __x.__x_; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    _UIntType __t; 
-    __is >> __t; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        __x.__x_ = __t; 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-typedef linear_congruential_engine<uint_fast32_t, 16807, 0, 2147483647> 
-                                                                   minstd_rand0; 
-typedef linear_congruential_engine<uint_fast32_t, 48271, 0, 2147483647> 
-                                                                    minstd_rand; 
-typedef minstd_rand                                       default_random_engine; 
-// mersenne_twister_engine 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS mersenne_twister_engine; 
- 
-template <class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp, 
-          _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp, 
-          _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp> 
-bool 
-operator==(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x, 
-           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y); 
- 
-template <class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp, 
-          _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp, 
-          _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp> 
-_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-operator!=(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x, 
-           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y); 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp, 
-          _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp, 
-          _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x); 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp, 
-          _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp, 
-          _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                   _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x); 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS mersenne_twister_engine 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _UIntType result_type; 
- 
-private: 
-    result_type __x_[__n]; 
-    size_t      __i_; 
- 
-    static_assert(  0 <  __m, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__m <= __n, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Dt = numeric_limits<result_type>::digits; 
-    static_assert(__w <= _Dt, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(  2 <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__r <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__u <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__s <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__t <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__l <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters"); 
-public: 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = 0; 
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC 
-#pragma warning( push ) 
-#pragma warning( disable: 4293 ) 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = __w == _Dt ? result_type(~0) : 
-                                                      (result_type(1) << __w) - result_type(1); 
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC 
-#pragma warning ( pop ) 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC 
-    static_assert(_Min < _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__a <= _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__b <= _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__c <= _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__d <= _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__f <= _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters"); 
- 
-    // engine characteristics 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t word_size = __w; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t state_size = __n; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t shift_size = __m; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t mask_bits = __r; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type xor_mask = __a; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t tempering_u = __u; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type tempering_d = __d; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t tempering_s = __s; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type tempering_b = __b; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t tempering_t = __t; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type tempering_c = __c; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t tempering_l = __l; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type initialization_multiplier = __f; 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Min; } 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Max; } 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type default_seed = 5489u; 
- 
-    // constructors and seeding functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    mersenne_twister_engine() : mersenne_twister_engine(default_seed) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit mersenne_twister_engine(result_type __sd) { seed(__sd); } 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit mersenne_twister_engine(result_type __sd = default_seed) { 
-      seed(__sd); 
-    } 
-#endif 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit mersenne_twister_engine(_Sseq& __q, 
-        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, mersenne_twister_engine>::value>::type* = 0) 
-        {seed(__q);} 
-    void seed(result_type __sd = default_seed); 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        typename enable_if 
-        < 
-            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, mersenne_twister_engine>::value, 
-            void 
-        >::type 
-        seed(_Sseq& __q) 
-            {__seed(__q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1 + (__w - 1) / 32>());} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    result_type operator()(); 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();} 
- 
-    template <class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp, 
-              _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp, 
-              _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp> 
-    friend 
-    bool 
-    operator==(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                             _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x, 
-               const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                             _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y); 
- 
-    template <class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp, 
-              _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp, 
-              _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp> 
-    friend 
-    bool 
-    operator!=(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                             _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x, 
-               const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                             _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-              class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp, 
-              _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp, 
-              _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-               const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                             _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-              class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp, 
-              _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp, 
-              _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-               mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                       _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x); 
-private: 
- 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1>); 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 2>); 
- 
-    template <size_t __count> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        static 
-        typename enable_if 
-        < 
-            __count < __w, 
-            result_type 
-        >::type 
-        __lshift(result_type __x) {return (__x << __count) & _Max;} 
- 
-    template <size_t __count> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        static 
-        typename enable_if 
-        < 
-            (__count >= __w), 
-            result_type 
-        >::type 
-        __lshift(result_type) {return result_type(0);} 
- 
-    template <size_t __count> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        static 
-        typename enable_if 
-        < 
-            __count < _Dt, 
-            result_type 
-        >::type 
-        __rshift(result_type __x) {return __x >> __count;} 
- 
-    template <size_t __count> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        static 
-        typename enable_if 
-        < 
-            (__count >= _Dt), 
-            result_type 
-        >::type 
-        __rshift(result_type) {return result_type(0);} 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t 
-    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::word_size; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t 
-    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::state_size; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t 
-    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::shift_size; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t 
-    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::mask_bits; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type 
-    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::xor_mask; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t 
-    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_u; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type 
-    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_d; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t 
-    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_s; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type 
-    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_b; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t 
-    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_t; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type 
-    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_c; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t 
-    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_l; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type 
-    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::initialization_multiplier; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type 
-    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::default_seed; 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-void 
-mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, 
-    __t, __c, __l, __f>::seed(result_type __sd) 
-    _LIBCPP_DISABLE_UBSAN_UNSIGNED_INTEGER_CHECK 
-{   // __w >= 2 
-    __x_[0] = __sd & _Max; 
-    for (size_t __i = 1; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __x_[__i] = (__f * (__x_[__i-1] ^ __rshift<__w - 2>(__x_[__i-1])) + __i) & _Max; 
-    __i_ = 0; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-template<class _Sseq> 
-void 
-mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, 
-    __t, __c, __l, __f>::__seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1>) 
-{ 
-    const unsigned __k = 1; 
-    uint32_t __ar[__n * __k]; 
-    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __n * __k); 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>(__ar[__i] & _Max); 
-    const result_type __mask = __r == _Dt ? result_type(~0) : 
-                                       (result_type(1) << __r) - result_type(1); 
-    __i_ = 0; 
-    if ((__x_[0] & ~__mask) == 0) 
-    { 
-        for (size_t __i = 1; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-            if (__x_[__i] != 0) 
-                return; 
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_RANDOM
+#define _LIBCPP_RANDOM
+
+/*
+    random synopsis
+
+#include <initializer_list>
+
+namespace std
+{
+// [rand.req.urng], uniform random bit generator requirements
+template<class G>
+concept uniform_random_bit_generator = see below; // C++20
+
+// Engines
+
+template <class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m>
+class linear_congruential_engine
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef UIntType result_type;
+
+    // engine characteristics
+    static constexpr result_type multiplier = a;
+    static constexpr result_type increment = c;
+    static constexpr result_type modulus = m;
+    static constexpr result_type min() { return c == 0u ? 1u: 0u;}
+    static constexpr result_type max() { return m - 1u;}
+    static constexpr result_type default_seed = 1u;
+
+    // constructors and seeding functions
+    explicit linear_congruential_engine(result_type s = default_seed);         // before C++20
+    linear_congruential_engine() : linear_congruential_engine(default_seed) {} // C++20
+    explicit linear_congruential_engine(result_type s);                        // C++20
+    template<class Sseq> explicit linear_congruential_engine(Sseq& q);
+    void seed(result_type s = default_seed);
+    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q);
+
+    // generating functions
+    result_type operator()();
+    void discard(unsigned long long z);
+};
+
+template <class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m>
+bool
+operator==(const linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& x,
+           const linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& y);
+
+template <class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m>
+bool
+operator!=(const linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& x,
+           const linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& y);
+
+template <class charT, class traits,
+          class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m>
+basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+           const linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& x);
+
+template <class charT, class traits,
+          class UIntType, UIntType a, UIntType c, UIntType m>
+basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+           linear_congruential_engine<UIntType, a, c, m>& x);
+
+template <class UIntType, size_t w, size_t n, size_t m, size_t r,
+          UIntType a, size_t u, UIntType d, size_t s,
+          UIntType b, size_t t, UIntType c, size_t l, UIntType f>
+class mersenne_twister_engine
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef UIntType result_type;
+
+    // engine characteristics
+    static constexpr size_t word_size = w;
+    static constexpr size_t state_size = n;
+    static constexpr size_t shift_size = m;
+    static constexpr size_t mask_bits = r;
+    static constexpr result_type xor_mask = a;
+    static constexpr size_t tempering_u = u;
+    static constexpr result_type tempering_d = d;
+    static constexpr size_t tempering_s = s;
+    static constexpr result_type tempering_b = b;
+    static constexpr size_t tempering_t = t;
+    static constexpr result_type tempering_c = c;
+    static constexpr size_t tempering_l = l;
+    static constexpr result_type initialization_multiplier = f;
+    static constexpr result_type min () { return 0; }
+    static constexpr result_type max() { return 2^w - 1; }
+    static constexpr result_type default_seed = 5489u;
+
+    // constructors and seeding functions
+    explicit mersenne_twister_engine(result_type s = default_seed);      // before C++20
+    mersenne_twister_engine() : mersenne_twister_engine(default_seed) {} // C++20
+    explicit mersenne_twister_engine(result_type s);                     // C++20
+    template<class Sseq> explicit mersenne_twister_engine(Sseq& q);
+    void seed(result_type value = default_seed);
+    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q);
+
+    // generating functions
+    result_type operator()();
+    void discard(unsigned long long z);
+};
+
+template <class UIntType, size_t w, size_t n, size_t m, size_t r,
+          UIntType a, size_t u, UIntType d, size_t s,
+          UIntType b, size_t t, UIntType c, size_t l, UIntType f>
+bool
+operator==(
+    const mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& x,
+    const mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& y);
+
+template <class UIntType, size_t w, size_t n, size_t m, size_t r,
+          UIntType a, size_t u, UIntType d, size_t s,
+          UIntType b, size_t t, UIntType c, size_t l, UIntType f>
+bool
+operator!=(
+    const mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& x,
+    const mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& y);
+
+template <class charT, class traits,
+          class UIntType, size_t w, size_t n, size_t m, size_t r,
+          UIntType a, size_t u, UIntType d, size_t s,
+          UIntType b, size_t t, UIntType c, size_t l, UIntType f>
+basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+           const mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& x);
+
+template <class charT, class traits,
+          class UIntType, size_t w, size_t n, size_t m, size_t r,
+          UIntType a, size_t u, UIntType d, size_t s,
+          UIntType b, size_t t, UIntType c, size_t l, UIntType f>
+basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+           mersenne_twister_engine<UIntType, w, n, m, r, a, u, d, s, b, t, c, l, f>& x);
+
+template<class UIntType, size_t w, size_t s, size_t r>
+class subtract_with_carry_engine
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef UIntType result_type;
+
+    // engine characteristics
+    static constexpr size_t word_size = w;
+    static constexpr size_t short_lag = s;
+    static constexpr size_t long_lag = r;
+    static constexpr result_type min() { return 0; }
+    static constexpr result_type max() { return m-1; }
+    static constexpr result_type default_seed = 19780503u;
+
+    // constructors and seeding functions
+    explicit subtract_with_carry_engine(result_type value = default_seed);     // before C++20
+    subtract_with_carry_engine() : subtract_with_carry_engine(default_seed) {} // C++20
+    explicit subtract_with_carry_engine(result_type value);                    // C++20
+    template<class Sseq> explicit subtract_with_carry_engine(Sseq& q);
+    void seed(result_type value = default_seed);
+    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q);
+
+    // generating functions
+    result_type operator()();
+    void discard(unsigned long long z);
+};
+
+template<class UIntType, size_t w, size_t s, size_t r>
+bool
+operator==(
+    const subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& x,
+    const subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& y);
+
+template<class UIntType, size_t w, size_t s, size_t r>
+bool
+operator!=(
+    const subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& x,
+    const subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& y);
+
+template <class charT, class traits,
+          class UIntType, size_t w, size_t s, size_t r>
+basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+           const subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& x);
+
+template <class charT, class traits,
+          class UIntType, size_t w, size_t s, size_t r>
+basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+           subtract_with_carry_engine<UIntType, w, s, r>& x);
+
+template<class Engine, size_t p, size_t r>
+class discard_block_engine
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef typename Engine::result_type result_type;
+
+    // engine characteristics
+    static constexpr size_t block_size = p;
+    static constexpr size_t used_block = r;
+    static constexpr result_type min() { return Engine::min(); }
+    static constexpr result_type max() { return Engine::max(); }
+
+    // constructors and seeding functions
+    discard_block_engine();
+    explicit discard_block_engine(const Engine& e);
+    explicit discard_block_engine(Engine&& e);
+    explicit discard_block_engine(result_type s);
+    template<class Sseq> explicit discard_block_engine(Sseq& q);
+    void seed();
+    void seed(result_type s);
+    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q);
+
+    // generating functions
+    result_type operator()();
+    void discard(unsigned long long z);
+
+    // property functions
+    const Engine& base() const noexcept;
+};
+
+template<class Engine, size_t p, size_t r>
+bool
+operator==(
+    const discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& x,
+    const discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& y);
+
+template<class Engine, size_t p, size_t r>
+bool
+operator!=(
+    const discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& x,
+    const discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& y);
+
+template <class charT, class traits,
+          class Engine, size_t p, size_t r>
+basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+           const discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& x);
+
+template <class charT, class traits,
+          class Engine, size_t p, size_t r>
+basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+           discard_block_engine<Engine, p, r>& x);
+
+template<class Engine, size_t w, class UIntType>
+class independent_bits_engine
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef UIntType result_type;
+
+    // engine characteristics
+    static constexpr result_type min() { return 0; }
+    static constexpr result_type max() { return 2^w - 1; }
+
+    // constructors and seeding functions
+    independent_bits_engine();
+    explicit independent_bits_engine(const Engine& e);
+    explicit independent_bits_engine(Engine&& e);
+    explicit independent_bits_engine(result_type s);
+    template<class Sseq> explicit independent_bits_engine(Sseq& q);
+    void seed();
+    void seed(result_type s);
+    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q);
+
+    // generating functions
+    result_type operator()(); void discard(unsigned long long z);
+
+    // property functions
+    const Engine& base() const noexcept;
+};
+
+template<class Engine, size_t w, class UIntType>
+bool
+operator==(
+    const independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& x,
+    const independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& y);
+
+template<class Engine, size_t w, class UIntType>
+bool
+operator!=(
+    const independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& x,
+    const independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& y);
+
+template <class charT, class traits,
+          class Engine, size_t w, class UIntType>
+basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+           const independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& x);
+
+template <class charT, class traits,
+          class Engine, size_t w, class UIntType>
+basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+           independent_bits_engine<Engine, w, UIntType>& x);
+
+template<class Engine, size_t k>
+class shuffle_order_engine
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef typename Engine::result_type result_type;
+
+    // engine characteristics
+    static constexpr size_t table_size = k;
+    static constexpr result_type min() { return Engine::min; }
+    static constexpr result_type max() { return Engine::max; }
+
+    // constructors and seeding functions
+    shuffle_order_engine();
+    explicit shuffle_order_engine(const Engine& e);
+    explicit shuffle_order_engine(Engine&& e);
+    explicit shuffle_order_engine(result_type s);
+    template<class Sseq> explicit shuffle_order_engine(Sseq& q);
+    void seed();
+    void seed(result_type s);
+    template<class Sseq> void seed(Sseq& q);
+
+    // generating functions
+    result_type operator()();
+    void discard(unsigned long long z);
+
+    // property functions
+    const Engine& base() const noexcept;
+};
+
+template<class Engine, size_t k>
+bool
+operator==(
+    const shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& x,
+    const shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& y);
+
+template<class Engine, size_t k>
+bool
+operator!=(
+    const shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& x,
+    const shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& y);
+
+template <class charT, class traits,
+          class Engine, size_t k>
+basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+           const shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& x);
+
+template <class charT, class traits,
+          class Engine, size_t k>
+basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+           shuffle_order_engine<Engine, k>& x);
+
+typedef linear_congruential_engine<uint_fast32_t, 16807, 0, 2147483647>
+                                                                   minstd_rand0;
+typedef linear_congruential_engine<uint_fast32_t, 48271, 0, 2147483647>
+                                                                    minstd_rand;
+typedef mersenne_twister_engine<uint_fast32_t, 32, 624, 397, 31,
+                                0x9908b0df,
+                                11, 0xffffffff,
+                                7,  0x9d2c5680,
+                                15, 0xefc60000,
+                                18, 1812433253>                         mt19937;
+typedef mersenne_twister_engine<uint_fast64_t, 64, 312, 156, 31,
+                                0xb5026f5aa96619e9,
+                                29, 0x5555555555555555,
+                                17, 0x71d67fffeda60000,
+                                37, 0xfff7eee000000000,
+                                43, 6364136223846793005>             mt19937_64;
+typedef subtract_with_carry_engine<uint_fast32_t, 24, 10, 24>     ranlux24_base;
+typedef subtract_with_carry_engine<uint_fast64_t, 48,  5, 12>     ranlux48_base;
+typedef discard_block_engine<ranlux24_base, 223, 23>                   ranlux24;
+typedef discard_block_engine<ranlux48_base, 389, 11>                   ranlux48;
+typedef shuffle_order_engine<minstd_rand0, 256>                         knuth_b;
+typedef minstd_rand                                       default_random_engine;
+
+// Generators
+
+class random_device
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef unsigned int result_type;
+
+    // generator characteristics
+    static constexpr result_type min() { return numeric_limits<result_type>::min(); }
+    static constexpr result_type max() { return numeric_limits<result_type>::max(); }
+
+    // constructors
+    explicit random_device(const string& token = implementation-defined); // before C++20
+    random_device() : random_device(implementation-defined) {}            // C++20
+    explicit random_device(const string& token);                          // C++20
+
+    // generating functions
+    result_type operator()();
+
+    // property functions
+    double entropy() const noexcept;
+
+    // no copy functions
+    random_device(const random_device& ) = delete;
+    void operator=(const random_device& ) = delete;
+};
+
+// Utilities
+
+class seed_seq
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef uint_least32_t result_type;
+
+    // constructors
+    seed_seq();
+    template<class T>
+        seed_seq(initializer_list<T> il);
+    template<class InputIterator>
+        seed_seq(InputIterator begin, InputIterator end);
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class RandomAccessIterator>
+        void generate(RandomAccessIterator begin, RandomAccessIterator end);
+
+    // property functions
+    size_t size() const;
+    template<class OutputIterator>
+        void param(OutputIterator dest) const;
+
+    // no copy functions
+    seed_seq(const seed_seq&) = delete;
+    void operator=(const seed_seq& ) = delete;
+};
+
+template<class RealType, size_t bits, class URNG>
+    RealType generate_canonical(URNG& g);
+
+// Distributions
+
+template<class IntType = int>
+class uniform_int_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef IntType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef uniform_int_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(IntType a = 0,
+                                    IntType b = numeric_limits<IntType>::max());
+
+        result_type a() const;
+        result_type b() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructors and reset functions
+    explicit uniform_int_distribution(IntType a = 0,
+                                      IntType b = numeric_limits<IntType>::max()); // before C++20
+    uniform_int_distribution() : uniform_int_distribution(0) {}                    // C++20
+    explicit uniform_int_distribution(IntType a,
+                                      IntType b = numeric_limits<IntType>::max()); // C++20
+    explicit uniform_int_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    result_type a() const;
+    result_type b() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const uniform_int_distribution& x,
+                           const uniform_int_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const uniform_int_distribution& x,
+                           const uniform_int_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const uniform_int_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               uniform_int_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class RealType = double>
+class uniform_real_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef RealType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef uniform_real_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(RealType a = 0,
+                            RealType b = 1);
+
+        result_type a() const;
+        result_type b() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructors and reset functions
+    explicit uniform_real_distribution(RealType a = 0.0, RealType b = 1.0); // before C++20
+    uniform_real_distribution() : uniform_real_distribution(0.0) {}         // C++20
+    explicit uniform_real_distribution(RealType a, RealType b = 1.0);       // C++20
+    explicit uniform_real_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    result_type a() const;
+    result_type b() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const uniform_real_distribution& x,
+                           const uniform_real_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const uniform_real_distribution& x,
+                           const uniform_real_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const uniform_real_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               uniform_real_distribution& x);
+};
+
+class bernoulli_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef bool result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef bernoulli_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(double p = 0.5);
+
+        double p() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructors and reset functions
+    explicit bernoulli_distribution(double p = 0.5);          // before C++20
+    bernoulli_distribution() : bernoulli_distribution(0.5) {} // C++20
+    explicit bernoulli_distribution(double p);                // C++20
+    explicit bernoulli_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    double p() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const bernoulli_distribution& x,
+                           const bernoulli_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const bernoulli_distribution& x,
+                           const bernoulli_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const bernoulli_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               bernoulli_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class IntType = int>
+class binomial_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef IntType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef binomial_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(IntType t = 1, double p = 0.5);
+
+        IntType t() const;
+        double p() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructors and reset functions
+    explicit binomial_distribution(IntType t = 1, double p = 0.5); // before C++20
+    binomial_distribution() : binomial_distribution(1) {}          // C++20
+    explicit binomial_distribution(IntType t, double p = 0.5);     // C++20
+    explicit binomial_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    IntType t() const;
+    double p() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const binomial_distribution& x,
+                           const binomial_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const binomial_distribution& x,
+                           const binomial_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const binomial_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               binomial_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class IntType = int>
+class geometric_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef IntType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef geometric_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(double p = 0.5);
+
+        double p() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructors and reset functions
+    explicit geometric_distribution(double p = 0.5);          // before C++20
+    geometric_distribution() : geometric_distribution(0.5) {} // C++20
+    explicit geometric_distribution(double p);                // C++20
+    explicit geometric_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    double p() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const geometric_distribution& x,
+                           const geometric_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const geometric_distribution& x,
+                           const geometric_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const geometric_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               geometric_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class IntType = int>
+class negative_binomial_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef IntType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef negative_binomial_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(result_type k = 1, double p = 0.5);
+
+        result_type k() const;
+        double p() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructor and reset functions
+    explicit negative_binomial_distribution(IntType k = 1, double p = 0.5); // before C++20
+    negative_binomial_distribution() : negative_binomial_distribution(1) {} // C++20
+    explicit negative_binomial_distribution(IntType k, double p = 0.5);     // C++20
+    explicit negative_binomial_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    result_type k() const;
+    double p() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const negative_binomial_distribution& x,
+                           const negative_binomial_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const negative_binomial_distribution& x,
+                           const negative_binomial_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const negative_binomial_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               negative_binomial_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class IntType = int>
+class poisson_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef IntType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef poisson_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(double mean = 1.0);
+
+        double mean() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructors and reset functions
+    explicit poisson_distribution(double mean = 1.0);     // before C++20
+    poisson_distribution() : poisson_distribution(1.0) {} // C++20
+    explicit poisson_distribution(double mean);           // C++20
+    explicit poisson_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    double mean() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const poisson_distribution& x,
+                           const poisson_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const poisson_distribution& x,
+                           const poisson_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const poisson_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               poisson_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class RealType = double>
+class exponential_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef RealType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef exponential_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(result_type lambda = 1.0);
+
+        result_type lambda() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructors and reset functions
+    explicit exponential_distribution(RealType lambda = 1.0);     // before C++20
+    exponential_distribution() : exponential_distribution(1.0) {} // C++20
+    explicit exponential_distribution(RealType lambda);           // C++20
+    explicit exponential_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    result_type lambda() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const exponential_distribution& x,
+                           const exponential_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const exponential_distribution& x,
+                           const exponential_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const exponential_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               exponential_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class RealType = double>
+class gamma_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef RealType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef gamma_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(result_type alpha = 1, result_type beta = 1);
+
+        result_type alpha() const;
+        result_type beta() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructors and reset functions
+    explicit gamma_distribution(RealType alpha = 0.0, RealType beta = 1.0); // before C++20
+    gamma_distribution() : gamma_distribution(0.0) {}                       // C++20
+    explicit gamma_distribution(RealType alpha, RealType beta = 1.0);       // C++20
+    explicit gamma_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    result_type alpha() const;
+    result_type beta() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const gamma_distribution& x,
+                           const gamma_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const gamma_distribution& x,
+                           const gamma_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const gamma_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               gamma_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class RealType = double>
+class weibull_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef RealType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef weibull_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(result_type alpha = 1, result_type beta = 1);
+
+        result_type a() const;
+        result_type b() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructor and reset functions
+    explicit weibull_distribution(RealType a = 1.0, RealType b = 1.0); // before C++20
+    weibull_distribution() : weibull_distribution(1.0) {}              // C++20
+    explicit weibull_distribution(RealType a, RealType b = 1.0);       // C++20
+    explicit weibull_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    result_type a() const;
+    result_type b() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const weibull_distribution& x,
+                           const weibull_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const weibull_distribution& x,
+                           const weibull_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const weibull_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               weibull_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class RealType = double>
+class extreme_value_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef RealType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef extreme_value_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(result_type a = 0, result_type b = 1);
+
+        result_type a() const;
+        result_type b() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructor and reset functions
+    explicit extreme_value_distribution(RealType a = 0.0, RealType b = 1.0); // before C++20
+    extreme_value_distribution() : extreme_value_distribution(0.0) {}        // C++20
+    explicit extreme_value_distribution(RealType a, RealType b = 1.0);       // C++20
+    explicit extreme_value_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    result_type a() const;
+    result_type b() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const extreme_value_distribution& x,
+                           const extreme_value_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const extreme_value_distribution& x,
+                           const extreme_value_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const extreme_value_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               extreme_value_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class RealType = double>
+class normal_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef RealType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef normal_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(result_type mean = 0, result_type stddev = 1);
+
+        result_type mean() const;
+        result_type stddev() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructors and reset functions
+    explicit normal_distribution(RealType mean = 0.0, RealType stddev = 1.0); // before C++20
+    normal_distribution() : normal_distribution(0.0) {}                       // C++20
+    explicit normal_distribution(RealType mean, RealType stddev = 1.0);       // C++20
+    explicit normal_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    result_type mean() const;
+    result_type stddev() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const normal_distribution& x,
+                           const normal_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const normal_distribution& x,
+                           const normal_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const normal_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               normal_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class RealType = double>
+class lognormal_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef RealType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef lognormal_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(result_type m = 0, result_type s = 1);
+
+        result_type m() const;
+        result_type s() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructor and reset functions
+    explicit lognormal_distribution(RealType mean = 0.0, RealType stddev = 1.0); // before C++20
+    lognormal_distribution() : lognormal_distribution(0.0) {}                    // C++20
+    explicit lognormal_distribution(RealType mean, RealType stddev = 1.0);       // C++20
+    explicit lognormal_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    result_type m() const;
+    result_type s() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const lognormal_distribution& x,
+                           const lognormal_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const lognormal_distribution& x,
+                           const lognormal_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const lognormal_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               lognormal_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class RealType = double>
+class chi_squared_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef RealType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef chi_squared_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(result_type n = 1);
+
+        result_type n() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructor and reset functions
+    explicit chi_squared_distribution(RealType n = 1.0);          // before C++20
+    chi_squared_distribution() : chi_squared_distribution(1.0) {} // C++20
+    explicit chi_squared_distribution(RealType n);                // C++20
+    explicit chi_squared_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    result_type n() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const chi_squared_distribution& x,
+                           const chi_squared_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const chi_squared_distribution& x,
+                           const chi_squared_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const chi_squared_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               chi_squared_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class RealType = double>
+class cauchy_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef RealType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef cauchy_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(result_type a = 0, result_type b = 1);
+
+        result_type a() const;
+        result_type b() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructor and reset functions
+    explicit cauchy_distribution(RealType a = 0.0, RealType b = 1.0); // before C++20
+    cauchy_distribution() : cauchy_distribution(0.0) {}               // C++20
+    explicit cauchy_distribution(RealType a, RealType b = 1.0);       // C++20
+    explicit cauchy_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    result_type a() const;
+    result_type b() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const cauchy_distribution& x,
+                           const cauchy_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const cauchy_distribution& x,
+                           const cauchy_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const cauchy_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               cauchy_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class RealType = double>
+class fisher_f_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef RealType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef fisher_f_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(result_type m = 1, result_type n = 1);
+
+        result_type m() const;
+        result_type n() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructor and reset functions
+    explicit fisher_f_distribution(RealType m = 1.0, RealType n = 1.0); // before C++20
+    fisher_f_distribution() : fisher_f_distribution(1.0) {}             // C++20
+    explicit fisher_f_distribution(RealType m, RealType n = 1.0);       // C++20
+    explicit fisher_f_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    result_type m() const;
+    result_type n() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const fisher_f_distribution& x,
+                           const fisher_f_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const fisher_f_distribution& x,
+                           const fisher_f_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const fisher_f_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               fisher_f_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class RealType = double>
+class student_t_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef RealType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef student_t_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(result_type n = 1);
+
+        result_type n() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructor and reset functions
+    explicit student_t_distribution(RealType n = 1.0);        // before C++20
+    student_t_distribution() : student_t_distribution(1.0) {} // C++20
+    explicit student_t_distribution(RealType n);              // C++20
+    explicit student_t_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    result_type n() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const student_t_distribution& x,
+                           const student_t_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const student_t_distribution& x,
+                           const student_t_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const student_t_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               student_t_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class IntType = int>
+class discrete_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef IntType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef discrete_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        param_type();
+        template<class InputIterator>
+            param_type(InputIterator firstW, InputIterator lastW);
+        param_type(initializer_list<double> wl);
+        template<class UnaryOperation>
+            param_type(size_t nw, double xmin, double xmax, UnaryOperation fw);
+
+        vector<double> probabilities() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructor and reset functions
+    discrete_distribution();
+    template<class InputIterator>
+        discrete_distribution(InputIterator firstW, InputIterator lastW);
+    discrete_distribution(initializer_list<double> wl);
+    template<class UnaryOperation>
+        discrete_distribution(size_t nw, double xmin, double xmax,
+                              UnaryOperation fw);
+    explicit discrete_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    vector<double> probabilities() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const discrete_distribution& x,
+                           const discrete_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const discrete_distribution& x,
+                           const discrete_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const discrete_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               discrete_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class RealType = double>
+class piecewise_constant_distribution
+{
+    // types
+    typedef RealType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef piecewise_constant_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        param_type();
+        template<class InputIteratorB, class InputIteratorW>
+            param_type(InputIteratorB firstB, InputIteratorB lastB,
+                       InputIteratorW firstW);
+        template<class UnaryOperation>
+            param_type(initializer_list<result_type> bl, UnaryOperation fw);
+        template<class UnaryOperation>
+            param_type(size_t nw, result_type xmin, result_type xmax,
+                       UnaryOperation fw);
+
+        vector<result_type> intervals() const;
+        vector<result_type> densities() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructor and reset functions
+    piecewise_constant_distribution();
+    template<class InputIteratorB, class InputIteratorW>
+        piecewise_constant_distribution(InputIteratorB firstB,
+                                        InputIteratorB lastB,
+                                        InputIteratorW firstW);
+    template<class UnaryOperation>
+        piecewise_constant_distribution(initializer_list<result_type> bl,
+                                        UnaryOperation fw);
+    template<class UnaryOperation>
+        piecewise_constant_distribution(size_t nw, result_type xmin,
+                                        result_type xmax, UnaryOperation fw);
+    explicit piecewise_constant_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    vector<result_type> intervals() const;
+    vector<result_type> densities() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const piecewise_constant_distribution& x,
+                           const piecewise_constant_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const piecewise_constant_distribution& x,
+                           const piecewise_constant_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const piecewise_constant_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               piecewise_constant_distribution& x);
+};
+
+template<class RealType = double>
+class piecewise_linear_distribution
+{
+    // types
+    typedef RealType result_type;
+
+    class param_type
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef piecewise_linear_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        param_type();
+        template<class InputIteratorB, class InputIteratorW>
+            param_type(InputIteratorB firstB, InputIteratorB lastB,
+                       InputIteratorW firstW);
+        template<class UnaryOperation>
+            param_type(initializer_list<result_type> bl, UnaryOperation fw);
+        template<class UnaryOperation>
+            param_type(size_t nw, result_type xmin, result_type xmax,
+                       UnaryOperation fw);
+
+        vector<result_type> intervals() const;
+        vector<result_type> densities() const;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+        friend bool operator!=(const param_type& x, const param_type& y);
+    };
+
+    // constructor and reset functions
+    piecewise_linear_distribution();
+    template<class InputIteratorB, class InputIteratorW>
+        piecewise_linear_distribution(InputIteratorB firstB,
+                                      InputIteratorB lastB,
+                                      InputIteratorW firstW);
+
+    template<class UnaryOperation>
+        piecewise_linear_distribution(initializer_list<result_type> bl,
+                                      UnaryOperation fw);
+
+    template<class UnaryOperation>
+        piecewise_linear_distribution(size_t nw, result_type xmin,
+                                      result_type xmax, UnaryOperation fw);
+
+    explicit piecewise_linear_distribution(const param_type& parm);
+    void reset();
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g);
+    template<class URNG> result_type operator()(URNG& g, const param_type& parm);
+
+    // property functions
+    vector<result_type> intervals() const;
+    vector<result_type> densities() const;
+
+    param_type param() const;
+    void param(const param_type& parm);
+
+    result_type min() const;
+    result_type max() const;
+
+    friend bool operator==(const piecewise_linear_distribution& x,
+                           const piecewise_linear_distribution& y);
+    friend bool operator!=(const piecewise_linear_distribution& x,
+                           const piecewise_linear_distribution& y);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+               const piecewise_linear_distribution& x);
+
+    template <class charT, class traits>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<charT, traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<charT, traits>& is,
+               piecewise_linear_distribution& x);
+};
+
+} // std
+*/
+
+#include <__config>
+#include <__random/uniform_int_distribution.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <concepts>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <limits>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
+#pragma GCC system_header
+#endif
+
+_LIBCPP_PUSH_MACROS
+#include <__undef_macros>
+
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+#if _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17 && !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CONCEPTS)
+
+// [rand.req.urng]
+template<class _Gen>
+concept uniform_random_bit_generator =
+  invocable<_Gen&> && unsigned_integral<invoke_result_t<_Gen&>> &&
+  requires {
+    { _Gen::min() } -> same_as<invoke_result_t<_Gen&>>;
+    { _Gen::max() } -> same_as<invoke_result_t<_Gen&>>;
+    requires bool_constant<(_Gen::min() < _Gen::max())>::value;
+  };
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER > 17 && !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CONCEPTS)
+
+// __is_seed_sequence
+
+template <class _Sseq, class _Engine>
+struct __is_seed_sequence
+{
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const bool value =
+              !is_convertible<_Sseq, typename _Engine::result_type>::value &&
+              !is_same<typename remove_cv<_Sseq>::type, _Engine>::value;
+};
+
+// linear_congruential_engine
+
+template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c,
+          unsigned long long __m, unsigned long long _Mp,
+          bool _MightOverflow = (__a != 0 && __m != 0 && __m-1 > (_Mp-__c)/__a),
+          bool _OverflowOK = ((__m | (__m-1)) > __m), // m = 2^n
+          bool _SchrageOK = (__a != 0 && __m != 0 && __m % __a <= __m / __a)> // r <= q
+struct __lce_alg_picker
+{
+    static_assert(__a != 0 || __m != 0 || !_MightOverflow || _OverflowOK || _SchrageOK,
+                  "The current values of a, c, and m cannot generate a number "
+                  "within bounds of linear_congruential_engine.");
+
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const bool __use_schrage = _MightOverflow &&
+                                                        !_OverflowOK &&
+                                                        _SchrageOK;
+};
+
+template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c,
+          unsigned long long __m, unsigned long long _Mp,
+          bool _UseSchrage = __lce_alg_picker<__a, __c, __m, _Mp>::__use_schrage>
+struct __lce_ta;
+
+// 64
+
+template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c, unsigned long long __m>
+struct __lce_ta<__a, __c, __m, (unsigned long long)(~0), true>
+{
+    typedef unsigned long long result_type;
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static result_type next(result_type __x)
+    {
+        // Schrage's algorithm
+        const result_type __q = __m / __a;
+        const result_type __r = __m % __a;
+        const result_type __t0 = __a * (__x % __q);
+        const result_type __t1 = __r * (__x / __q);
+        __x = __t0 + (__t0 < __t1) * __m - __t1;
+        __x += __c - (__x >= __m - __c) * __m;
+        return __x;
+    }
+};
+
+template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __m>
+struct __lce_ta<__a, 0, __m, (unsigned long long)(~0), true>
+{
+    typedef unsigned long long result_type;
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static result_type next(result_type __x)
+    {
+        // Schrage's algorithm
+        const result_type __q = __m / __a;
+        const result_type __r = __m % __a;
+        const result_type __t0 = __a * (__x % __q);
+        const result_type __t1 = __r * (__x / __q);
+        __x = __t0 + (__t0 < __t1) * __m - __t1;
+        return __x;
+    }
+};
+
+template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c, unsigned long long __m>
+struct __lce_ta<__a, __c, __m, (unsigned long long)(~0), false>
+{
+    typedef unsigned long long result_type;
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static result_type next(result_type __x)
+    {
+        return (__a * __x + __c) % __m;
+    }
+};
+
+template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c>
+struct __lce_ta<__a, __c, 0, (unsigned long long)(~0), false>
+{
+    typedef unsigned long long result_type;
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static result_type next(result_type __x)
+    {
+        return __a * __x + __c;
+    }
+};
+
+// 32
+
+template <unsigned long long _Ap, unsigned long long _Cp, unsigned long long _Mp>
+struct __lce_ta<_Ap, _Cp, _Mp, unsigned(~0), true>
+{
+    typedef unsigned result_type;
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static result_type next(result_type __x)
+    {
+        const result_type __a = static_cast<result_type>(_Ap);
+        const result_type __c = static_cast<result_type>(_Cp);
+        const result_type __m = static_cast<result_type>(_Mp);
+        // Schrage's algorithm
+        const result_type __q = __m / __a;
+        const result_type __r = __m % __a;
+        const result_type __t0 = __a * (__x % __q);
+        const result_type __t1 = __r * (__x / __q);
+        __x = __t0 + (__t0 < __t1) * __m - __t1;
+        __x += __c - (__x >= __m - __c) * __m;
+        return __x;
+    }
+};
+
+template <unsigned long long _Ap, unsigned long long _Mp>
+struct __lce_ta<_Ap, 0, _Mp, unsigned(~0), true>
+{
+    typedef unsigned result_type;
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static result_type next(result_type __x)
+    {
+        const result_type __a = static_cast<result_type>(_Ap);
+        const result_type __m = static_cast<result_type>(_Mp);
+        // Schrage's algorithm
+        const result_type __q = __m / __a;
+        const result_type __r = __m % __a;
+        const result_type __t0 = __a * (__x % __q);
+        const result_type __t1 = __r * (__x / __q);
+        __x = __t0 + (__t0 < __t1) * __m - __t1;
+        return __x;
+    }
+};
+
+template <unsigned long long _Ap, unsigned long long _Cp, unsigned long long _Mp>
+struct __lce_ta<_Ap, _Cp, _Mp, unsigned(~0), false>
+{
+    typedef unsigned result_type;
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static result_type next(result_type __x)
+    {
+        const result_type __a = static_cast<result_type>(_Ap);
+        const result_type __c = static_cast<result_type>(_Cp);
+        const result_type __m = static_cast<result_type>(_Mp);
+        return (__a * __x + __c) % __m;
+    }
+};
+
+template <unsigned long long _Ap, unsigned long long _Cp>
+struct __lce_ta<_Ap, _Cp, 0, unsigned(~0), false>
+{
+    typedef unsigned result_type;
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static result_type next(result_type __x)
+    {
+        const result_type __a = static_cast<result_type>(_Ap);
+        const result_type __c = static_cast<result_type>(_Cp);
+        return __a * __x + __c;
+    }
+};
+
+// 16
+
+template <unsigned long long __a, unsigned long long __c, unsigned long long __m, bool __b>
+struct __lce_ta<__a, __c, __m, (unsigned short)(~0), __b>
+{
+    typedef unsigned short result_type;
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static result_type next(result_type __x)
+    {
+        return static_cast<result_type>(__lce_ta<__a, __c, __m, unsigned(~0)>::next(__x));
+    }
+};
+
+template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS linear_congruential_engine;
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _Up, _Up _Ap, _Up _Cp, _Up _Np>
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const linear_congruential_engine<_Up, _Ap, _Cp, _Np>&);
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _Up, _Up _Ap, _Up _Cp, _Up _Np>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           linear_congruential_engine<_Up, _Ap, _Cp, _Np>& __x);
+
+template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS linear_congruential_engine
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _UIntType result_type;
+
+private:
+    result_type __x_;
+
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Mp = result_type(~0);
+
+    static_assert(__m == 0 || __a < __m, "linear_congruential_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__m == 0 || __c < __m, "linear_congruential_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(is_unsigned<_UIntType>::value, "_UIntType must be unsigned type");
+public:
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = __c == 0u ? 1u: 0u;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = __m - 1u;
+    static_assert(_Min < _Max,           "linear_congruential_engine invalid parameters");
+
+    // engine characteristics
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type multiplier = __a;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type increment = __c;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type modulus = __m;
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() {return _Min;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() {return _Max;}
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type default_seed = 1u;
+
+    // constructors and seeding functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    linear_congruential_engine() : linear_congruential_engine(default_seed) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit linear_congruential_engine(result_type __s) { seed(__s); }
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit linear_congruential_engine(result_type __s = default_seed) {
+      seed(__s);
+    }
+#endif
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit linear_congruential_engine(_Sseq& __q,
+        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, linear_congruential_engine>::value>::type* = 0)
+        {seed(__q);}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void seed(result_type __s = default_seed)
+        {seed(integral_constant<bool, __m == 0>(),
+              integral_constant<bool, __c == 0>(), __s);}
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        typename enable_if
+        <
+            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, linear_congruential_engine>::value,
+            void
+        >::type
+        seed(_Sseq& __q)
+            {__seed(__q, integral_constant<unsigned,
+                1 + (__m == 0 ? (sizeof(result_type) * __CHAR_BIT__ - 1)/32
+                             :  (__m > 0x100000000ull))>());}
+
+    // generating functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type operator()()
+        {return __x_ = static_cast<result_type>(__lce_ta<__a, __c, __m, _Mp>::next(__x_));}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool operator==(const linear_congruential_engine& __x,
+                    const linear_congruential_engine& __y)
+        {return __x.__x_ == __y.__x_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool operator!=(const linear_congruential_engine& __x,
+                    const linear_congruential_engine& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+
+private:
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void seed(true_type, true_type, result_type __s) {__x_ = __s == 0 ? 1 : __s;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void seed(true_type, false_type, result_type __s) {__x_ = __s;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void seed(false_type, true_type, result_type __s) {__x_ = __s % __m == 0 ?
+                                                                 1 : __s % __m;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void seed(false_type, false_type, result_type __s) {__x_ = __s % __m;}
+
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1>);
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 2>);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+              class _Up, _Up _Ap, _Up _Cp, _Up _Np>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+               const linear_congruential_engine<_Up, _Ap, _Cp, _Np>&);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+              class _Up, _Up _Ap, _Up _Cp, _Up _Np>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+               linear_congruential_engine<_Up, _Ap, _Cp, _Np>& __x);
+};
+
+template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::result_type
+    linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::multiplier;
+
+template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::result_type
+    linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::increment;
+
+template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::result_type
+    linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::modulus;
+
+template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::result_type
+    linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::default_seed;
+
+template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
+template<class _Sseq>
+void
+linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::__seed(_Sseq& __q,
+                                                 integral_constant<unsigned, 1>)
+{
+    const unsigned __k = 1;
+    uint32_t __ar[__k+3];
+    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __k + 3);
+    result_type __s = static_cast<result_type>(__ar[3] % __m);
+    __x_ = __c == 0 && __s == 0 ? result_type(1) : __s;
+}
+
+template <class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
+template<class _Sseq>
+void
+linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>::__seed(_Sseq& __q,
+                                                 integral_constant<unsigned, 2>)
+{
+    const unsigned __k = 2;
+    uint32_t __ar[__k+3];
+    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __k + 3);
+    result_type __s = static_cast<result_type>((__ar[3] +
+                                              ((uint64_t)__ar[4] << 32)) % __m);
+    __x_ = __c == 0 && __s == 0 ? result_type(1) : __s;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _Ostream;
+    __os.flags(_Ostream::dec | _Ostream::left);
+    __os.fill(__os.widen(' '));
+    return __os << __x.__x_;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _UIntType, _UIntType __a, _UIntType __c, _UIntType __m>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           linear_congruential_engine<_UIntType, __a, __c, __m>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    _UIntType __t;
+    __is >> __t;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        __x.__x_ = __t;
+    return __is;
+}
+
+typedef linear_congruential_engine<uint_fast32_t, 16807, 0, 2147483647>
+                                                                   minstd_rand0;
+typedef linear_congruential_engine<uint_fast32_t, 48271, 0, 2147483647>
+                                                                    minstd_rand;
+typedef minstd_rand                                       default_random_engine;
+// mersenne_twister_engine
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS mersenne_twister_engine;
+
+template <class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
+          _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp,
+          _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp>
+bool
+operator==(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x,
+           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y);
+
+template <class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
+          _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp,
+          _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp>
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+operator!=(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x,
+           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y);
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
+          _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp,
+          _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x);
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
+          _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp,
+          _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                   _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x);
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS mersenne_twister_engine
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _UIntType result_type;
+
+private:
+    result_type __x_[__n];
+    size_t      __i_;
+
+    static_assert(  0 <  __m, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__m <= __n, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Dt = numeric_limits<result_type>::digits;
+    static_assert(__w <= _Dt, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(  2 <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__r <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__u <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__s <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__t <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__l <= __w, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
+public:
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = 0;
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
+#pragma warning( push )
+#pragma warning( disable: 4293 )
+#endif // _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = __w == _Dt ? result_type(~0) :
+                                                      (result_type(1) << __w) - result_type(1);
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
+#pragma warning ( pop )
+#endif // _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
+    static_assert(_Min < _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__a <= _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__b <= _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__c <= _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__d <= _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__f <= _Max, "mersenne_twister_engine invalid parameters");
+
+    // engine characteristics
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t word_size = __w;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t state_size = __n;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t shift_size = __m;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t mask_bits = __r;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type xor_mask = __a;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t tempering_u = __u;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type tempering_d = __d;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t tempering_s = __s;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type tempering_b = __b;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t tempering_t = __t;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type tempering_c = __c;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t tempering_l = __l;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type initialization_multiplier = __f;
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Min; }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Max; }
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type default_seed = 5489u;
+
+    // constructors and seeding functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    mersenne_twister_engine() : mersenne_twister_engine(default_seed) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit mersenne_twister_engine(result_type __sd) { seed(__sd); }
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit mersenne_twister_engine(result_type __sd = default_seed) {
+      seed(__sd);
+    }
+#endif
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit mersenne_twister_engine(_Sseq& __q,
+        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, mersenne_twister_engine>::value>::type* = 0)
+        {seed(__q);}
+    void seed(result_type __sd = default_seed);
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        typename enable_if
+        <
+            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, mersenne_twister_engine>::value,
+            void
+        >::type
+        seed(_Sseq& __q)
+            {__seed(__q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1 + (__w - 1) / 32>());}
+
+    // generating functions
+    result_type operator()();
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();}
+
+    template <class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
+              _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp,
+              _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp>
+    friend
+    bool
+    operator==(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                             _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x,
+               const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                             _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y);
+
+    template <class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
+              _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp,
+              _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp>
+    friend
+    bool
+    operator!=(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                             _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x,
+               const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                             _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+              class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
+              _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp,
+              _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+               const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                             _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+              class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
+              _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp,
+              _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+               mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                       _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x);
+private:
+
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1>);
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 2>);
+
+    template <size_t __count>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        static
+        typename enable_if
+        <
+            __count < __w,
+            result_type
+        >::type
+        __lshift(result_type __x) {return (__x << __count) & _Max;}
+
+    template <size_t __count>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        static
+        typename enable_if
+        <
+            (__count >= __w),
+            result_type
+        >::type
+        __lshift(result_type) {return result_type(0);}
+
+    template <size_t __count>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        static
+        typename enable_if
+        <
+            __count < _Dt,
+            result_type
+        >::type
+        __rshift(result_type __x) {return __x >> __count;}
+
+    template <size_t __count>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        static
+        typename enable_if
+        <
+            (__count >= _Dt),
+            result_type
+        >::type
+        __rshift(result_type) {return result_type(0);}
+};
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t
+    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::word_size;
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t
+    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::state_size;
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t
+    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::shift_size;
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t
+    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::mask_bits;
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type
+    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::xor_mask;
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t
+    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_u;
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type
+    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_d;
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t
+    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_s;
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type
+    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_b;
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t
+    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_t;
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type
+    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_c;
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t
+    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::tempering_l;
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type
+    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::initialization_multiplier;
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::result_type
+    mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, __t, __c, __l, __f>::default_seed;
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+void
+mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b,
+    __t, __c, __l, __f>::seed(result_type __sd)
+    _LIBCPP_DISABLE_UBSAN_UNSIGNED_INTEGER_CHECK
+{   // __w >= 2
+    __x_[0] = __sd & _Max;
+    for (size_t __i = 1; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __x_[__i] = (__f * (__x_[__i-1] ^ __rshift<__w - 2>(__x_[__i-1])) + __i) & _Max;
+    __i_ = 0;
+}
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+template<class _Sseq>
+void
+mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b,
+    __t, __c, __l, __f>::__seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1>)
+{
+    const unsigned __k = 1;
+    uint32_t __ar[__n * __k];
+    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __n * __k);
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>(__ar[__i] & _Max);
+    const result_type __mask = __r == _Dt ? result_type(~0) :
+                                       (result_type(1) << __r) - result_type(1);
+    __i_ = 0;
+    if ((__x_[0] & ~__mask) == 0)
+    {
+        for (size_t __i = 1; __i < __n; ++__i)
+            if (__x_[__i] != 0)
+                return;
         __x_[0] = result_type(1) << (__w - 1);
-    } 
-} 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-template<class _Sseq> 
-void 
-mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, 
-    __t, __c, __l, __f>::__seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 2>) 
-{ 
-    const unsigned __k = 2; 
-    uint32_t __ar[__n * __k]; 
-    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __n * __k); 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>( 
-            (__ar[2 * __i] + ((uint64_t)__ar[2 * __i + 1] << 32)) & _Max); 
-    const result_type __mask = __r == _Dt ? result_type(~0) : 
-                                       (result_type(1) << __r) - result_type(1); 
-    __i_ = 0; 
-    if ((__x_[0] & ~__mask) == 0) 
-    { 
-        for (size_t __i = 1; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-            if (__x_[__i] != 0) 
-                return; 
+    }
+}
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+template<class _Sseq>
+void
+mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b,
+    __t, __c, __l, __f>::__seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 2>)
+{
+    const unsigned __k = 2;
+    uint32_t __ar[__n * __k];
+    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __n * __k);
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>(
+            (__ar[2 * __i] + ((uint64_t)__ar[2 * __i + 1] << 32)) & _Max);
+    const result_type __mask = __r == _Dt ? result_type(~0) :
+                                       (result_type(1) << __r) - result_type(1);
+    __i_ = 0;
+    if ((__x_[0] & ~__mask) == 0)
+    {
+        for (size_t __i = 1; __i < __n; ++__i)
+            if (__x_[__i] != 0)
+                return;
         __x_[0] = result_type(1) << (__w - 1);
-    } 
-} 
- 
-template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r, 
-          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s, 
-          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f> 
-_UIntType 
-mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b, 
-    __t, __c, __l, __f>::operator()() 
-{ 
-    const size_t __j = (__i_ + 1) % __n; 
-    const result_type __mask = __r == _Dt ? result_type(~0) : 
-                                       (result_type(1) << __r) - result_type(1); 
-    const result_type _Yp = (__x_[__i_] & ~__mask) | (__x_[__j] & __mask); 
-    const size_t __k = (__i_ + __m) % __n; 
-    __x_[__i_] = __x_[__k] ^ __rshift<1>(_Yp) ^ (__a * (_Yp & 1)); 
-    result_type __z = __x_[__i_] ^ (__rshift<__u>(__x_[__i_]) & __d); 
-    __i_ = __j; 
-    __z ^= __lshift<__s>(__z) & __b; 
-    __z ^= __lshift<__t>(__z) & __c; 
-    return __z ^ __rshift<__l>(__z); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp, 
-          _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp, 
-          _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp> 
-bool 
-operator==(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x, 
-           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y) 
-{ 
-    if (__x.__i_ == __y.__i_) 
-        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + _Np, __y.__x_); 
-    if (__x.__i_ == 0 || __y.__i_ == 0) 
-    { 
-        size_t __j = _VSTD::min(_Np - __x.__i_, _Np - __y.__i_); 
-        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __x.__i_, __x.__x_ + __x.__i_ + __j, 
-                         __y.__x_ + __y.__i_)) 
-            return false; 
-        if (__x.__i_ == 0) 
-            return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __j, __x.__x_ + _Np, __y.__x_); 
-        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + (_Np - __j), __y.__x_ + __j); 
-    } 
-    if (__x.__i_ < __y.__i_) 
-    { 
-        size_t __j = _Np - __y.__i_; 
-        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __x.__i_, __x.__x_ + (__x.__i_ + __j), 
-                         __y.__x_ + __y.__i_)) 
-            return false; 
-        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + (__x.__i_ + __j), __x.__x_ + _Np, 
-                         __y.__x_)) 
-            return false; 
-        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + __x.__i_, 
-                           __y.__x_ + (_Np - (__x.__i_ + __j))); 
-    } 
-    size_t __j = _Np - __x.__i_; 
-    if (!_VSTD::equal(__y.__x_ + __y.__i_, __y.__x_ + (__y.__i_ + __j), 
-                     __x.__x_ + __x.__i_)) 
-        return false; 
-    if (!_VSTD::equal(__y.__x_ + (__y.__i_ + __j), __y.__x_ + _Np, 
-                     __x.__x_)) 
-        return false; 
-    return _VSTD::equal(__y.__x_, __y.__x_ + __y.__i_, 
-                       __x.__x_ + (_Np - (__y.__i_ + __j))); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp, 
-          _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp, 
-          _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-operator!=(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x, 
-           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y) 
-{ 
-    return !(__x == __y); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp, 
-          _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp, 
-          _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _Ostream; 
-    __os.flags(_Ostream::dec | _Ostream::left); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    __os << __x.__x_[__x.__i_]; 
-    for (size_t __j = __x.__i_ + 1; __j < _Np; ++__j) 
-        __os << __sp << __x.__x_[__j]; 
-    for (size_t __j = 0; __j < __x.__i_; ++__j) 
-        __os << __sp << __x.__x_[__j]; 
-    return __os; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp, 
-          _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp, 
-          _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp, 
-                                   _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    _UInt __t[_Np]; 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Np; ++__i) 
-        __is >> __t[__i]; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-    { 
-        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Np; ++__i) 
-            __x.__x_[__i] = __t[__i]; 
-        __x.__i_ = 0; 
-    } 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-typedef mersenne_twister_engine<uint_fast32_t, 32, 624, 397, 31, 
-                                0x9908b0df, 11, 0xffffffff, 
-                                7,  0x9d2c5680, 
-                                15, 0xefc60000, 
-                                18, 1812433253>                         mt19937; 
-typedef mersenne_twister_engine<uint_fast64_t, 64, 312, 156, 31, 
-                                0xb5026f5aa96619e9ULL, 29, 0x5555555555555555ULL, 
-                                17, 0x71d67fffeda60000ULL, 
-                                37, 0xfff7eee000000000ULL, 
-                                43, 6364136223846793005ULL>          mt19937_64; 
- 
-// subtract_with_carry_engine 
- 
-template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS subtract_with_carry_engine; 
- 
-template<class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp> 
-bool 
-operator==( 
-    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x, 
-    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y); 
- 
-template<class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp> 
-_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-operator!=( 
-    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x, 
-    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y); 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x); 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x); 
- 
-template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS subtract_with_carry_engine 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _UIntType result_type; 
- 
-private: 
-    result_type __x_[__r]; 
-    result_type  __c_; 
-    size_t      __i_; 
- 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Dt = numeric_limits<result_type>::digits; 
-    static_assert(  0 <  __w, "subtract_with_carry_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__w <= _Dt, "subtract_with_carry_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(  0 <  __s, "subtract_with_carry_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__s <  __r, "subtract_with_carry_engine invalid parameters"); 
-public: 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = 0; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = __w == _Dt ? result_type(~0) : 
-                                                      (result_type(1) << __w) - result_type(1); 
-    static_assert(_Min < _Max, "subtract_with_carry_engine invalid parameters"); 
- 
-    // engine characteristics 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t word_size = __w; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t short_lag = __s; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t long_lag = __r; 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Min; } 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Max; } 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type default_seed = 19780503u; 
- 
-    // constructors and seeding functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    subtract_with_carry_engine() : subtract_with_carry_engine(default_seed) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit subtract_with_carry_engine(result_type __sd) { seed(__sd); } 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit subtract_with_carry_engine(result_type __sd = default_seed) { 
-      seed(__sd); 
-    } 
-#endif 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit subtract_with_carry_engine(_Sseq& __q, 
-        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, subtract_with_carry_engine>::value>::type* = 0) 
-        {seed(__q);} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void seed(result_type __sd = default_seed) 
-        {seed(__sd, integral_constant<unsigned, 1 + (__w - 1) / 32>());} 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        typename enable_if 
-        < 
-            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, subtract_with_carry_engine>::value, 
-            void 
-        >::type 
-        seed(_Sseq& __q) 
-            {__seed(__q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1 + (__w - 1) / 32>());} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    result_type operator()(); 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();} 
- 
-    template<class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp> 
-    friend 
-    bool 
-    operator==( 
-        const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x, 
-        const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y); 
- 
-    template<class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp> 
-    friend 
-    bool 
-    operator!=( 
-        const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x, 
-        const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-              class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-               const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-              class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-               subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x); 
- 
-private: 
- 
-    void seed(result_type __sd, integral_constant<unsigned, 1>); 
-    void seed(result_type __sd, integral_constant<unsigned, 2>); 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1>); 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 2>); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::word_size; 
- 
-template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::short_lag; 
- 
-template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::long_lag; 
- 
-template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::result_type 
-    subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::default_seed; 
- 
-template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r> 
-void 
-subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::seed(result_type __sd, 
-        integral_constant<unsigned, 1>) 
-{ 
-    linear_congruential_engine<result_type, 40014u, 0u, 2147483563u> 
-        __e(__sd == 0u ? default_seed : __sd); 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __r; ++__i) 
-        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>(__e() & _Max); 
-    __c_ = __x_[__r-1] == 0; 
-    __i_ = 0; 
-} 
- 
-template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r> 
-void 
-subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::seed(result_type __sd, 
-        integral_constant<unsigned, 2>) 
-{ 
-    linear_congruential_engine<result_type, 40014u, 0u, 2147483563u> 
-        __e(__sd == 0u ? default_seed : __sd); 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __r; ++__i) 
-    { 
-        result_type __e0 = __e(); 
-        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>( 
-                                    (__e0 + ((uint64_t)__e() << 32)) & _Max); 
-    } 
-    __c_ = __x_[__r-1] == 0; 
-    __i_ = 0; 
-} 
- 
-template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r> 
-template<class _Sseq> 
-void 
-subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::__seed(_Sseq& __q, 
-        integral_constant<unsigned, 1>) 
-{ 
-    const unsigned __k = 1; 
-    uint32_t __ar[__r * __k]; 
-    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __r * __k); 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __r; ++__i) 
-        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>(__ar[__i] & _Max); 
-    __c_ = __x_[__r-1] == 0; 
-    __i_ = 0; 
-} 
- 
-template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r> 
-template<class _Sseq> 
-void 
-subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::__seed(_Sseq& __q, 
-        integral_constant<unsigned, 2>) 
-{ 
-    const unsigned __k = 2; 
-    uint32_t __ar[__r * __k]; 
-    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __r * __k); 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __r; ++__i) 
-        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>( 
-                  (__ar[2 * __i] + ((uint64_t)__ar[2 * __i + 1] << 32)) & _Max); 
-    __c_ = __x_[__r-1] == 0; 
-    __i_ = 0; 
-} 
- 
-template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r> 
-_UIntType 
-subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::operator()() 
-{ 
-    const result_type& __xs = __x_[(__i_ + (__r - __s)) % __r]; 
-    result_type& __xr = __x_[__i_]; 
-    result_type __new_c = __c_ == 0 ? __xs < __xr : __xs != 0 ? __xs <= __xr : 1; 
-    __xr = (__xs - __xr - __c_) & _Max; 
-    __c_ = __new_c; 
-    __i_ = (__i_ + 1) % __r; 
-    return __xr; 
-} 
- 
-template<class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp> 
-bool 
-operator==( 
-    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x, 
-    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y) 
-{ 
-    if (__x.__c_ != __y.__c_) 
-        return false; 
-    if (__x.__i_ == __y.__i_) 
-        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + _Rp, __y.__x_); 
-    if (__x.__i_ == 0 || __y.__i_ == 0) 
-    { 
-        size_t __j = _VSTD::min(_Rp - __x.__i_, _Rp - __y.__i_); 
-        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __x.__i_, __x.__x_ + __x.__i_ + __j, 
-                         __y.__x_ + __y.__i_)) 
-            return false; 
-        if (__x.__i_ == 0) 
-            return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __j, __x.__x_ + _Rp, __y.__x_); 
-        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + (_Rp - __j), __y.__x_ + __j); 
-    } 
-    if (__x.__i_ < __y.__i_) 
-    { 
-        size_t __j = _Rp - __y.__i_; 
-        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __x.__i_, __x.__x_ + (__x.__i_ + __j), 
-                         __y.__x_ + __y.__i_)) 
-            return false; 
-        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + (__x.__i_ + __j), __x.__x_ + _Rp, 
-                         __y.__x_)) 
-            return false; 
-        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + __x.__i_, 
-                           __y.__x_ + (_Rp - (__x.__i_ + __j))); 
-    } 
-    size_t __j = _Rp - __x.__i_; 
-    if (!_VSTD::equal(__y.__x_ + __y.__i_, __y.__x_ + (__y.__i_ + __j), 
-                     __x.__x_ + __x.__i_)) 
-        return false; 
-    if (!_VSTD::equal(__y.__x_ + (__y.__i_ + __j), __y.__x_ + _Rp, 
-                     __x.__x_)) 
-        return false; 
-    return _VSTD::equal(__y.__x_, __y.__x_ + __y.__i_, 
-                       __x.__x_ + (_Rp - (__y.__i_ + __j))); 
-} 
- 
-template<class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-operator!=( 
-    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x, 
-    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y) 
-{ 
-    return !(__x == __y); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _Ostream; 
-    __os.flags(_Ostream::dec | _Ostream::left); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    __os << __x.__x_[__x.__i_]; 
-    for (size_t __j = __x.__i_ + 1; __j < _Rp; ++__j) 
-        __os << __sp << __x.__x_[__j]; 
-    for (size_t __j = 0; __j < __x.__i_; ++__j) 
-        __os << __sp << __x.__x_[__j]; 
-    __os << __sp << __x.__c_; 
-    return __os; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    _UInt __t[_Rp+1]; 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Rp+1; ++__i) 
-        __is >> __t[__i]; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-    { 
-        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Rp; ++__i) 
-            __x.__x_[__i] = __t[__i]; 
-        __x.__c_ = __t[_Rp]; 
-        __x.__i_ = 0; 
-    } 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-typedef subtract_with_carry_engine<uint_fast32_t, 24, 10, 24>     ranlux24_base; 
-typedef subtract_with_carry_engine<uint_fast64_t, 48,  5, 12>     ranlux48_base; 
- 
-// discard_block_engine 
- 
-template<class _Engine, size_t __p, size_t __r> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS discard_block_engine 
-{ 
-    _Engine __e_; 
-    int     __n_; 
- 
-    static_assert(  0 <  __r, "discard_block_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__r <= __p, "discard_block_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__r <= INT_MAX, "discard_block_engine invalid parameters"); 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef typename _Engine::result_type result_type; 
- 
-    // engine characteristics 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t block_size = __p; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t used_block = __r; 
- 
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    static const result_type _Min = _Engine::_Min; 
-    static const result_type _Max = _Engine::_Max; 
-#else 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = _Engine::min(); 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = _Engine::max(); 
-#endif 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Engine::min(); } 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Engine::max(); } 
- 
-    // constructors and seeding functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    discard_block_engine() : __n_(0) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit discard_block_engine(const _Engine& __e) 
-        : __e_(__e), __n_(0) {} 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit discard_block_engine(_Engine&& __e) 
-        : __e_(_VSTD::move(__e)), __n_(0) {} 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit discard_block_engine(result_type __sd) : __e_(__sd), __n_(0) {} 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit discard_block_engine(_Sseq& __q, 
-        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, discard_block_engine>::value && 
-                           !is_convertible<_Sseq, _Engine>::value>::type* = 0) 
-        : __e_(__q), __n_(0) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void seed() {__e_.seed(); __n_ = 0;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void seed(result_type __sd) {__e_.seed(__sd); __n_ = 0;} 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        typename enable_if 
-        < 
-            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, discard_block_engine>::value, 
-            void 
-        >::type 
-        seed(_Sseq& __q) {__e_.seed(__q); __n_ = 0;} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    result_type operator()(); 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();} 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const _Engine& base() const _NOEXCEPT {return __e_;} 
- 
-    template<class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp> 
-    friend 
-    bool 
-    operator==( 
-        const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x, 
-        const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __y); 
- 
-    template<class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp> 
-    friend 
-    bool 
-    operator!=( 
-        const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x, 
-        const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __y); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-              class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-               const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-              class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-               discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class _Engine, size_t __p, size_t __r> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t discard_block_engine<_Engine, __p, __r>::block_size; 
- 
-template<class _Engine, size_t __p, size_t __r> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t discard_block_engine<_Engine, __p, __r>::used_block; 
- 
-template<class _Engine, size_t __p, size_t __r> 
-typename discard_block_engine<_Engine, __p, __r>::result_type 
-discard_block_engine<_Engine, __p, __r>::operator()() 
-{ 
-    if (__n_ >= static_cast<int>(__r)) 
-    { 
-        __e_.discard(__p - __r); 
-        __n_ = 0; 
-    } 
-    ++__n_; 
-    return __e_(); 
-} 
- 
-template<class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-operator==(const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x, 
-           const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __y) 
-{ 
-    return __x.__n_ == __y.__n_ && __x.__e_ == __y.__e_; 
-} 
- 
-template<class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-operator!=(const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x, 
-           const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __y) 
-{ 
-    return !(__x == __y); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _Ostream; 
-    __os.flags(_Ostream::dec | _Ostream::left); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    return __os << __x.__e_ << __sp << __x.__n_; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    _Eng __e; 
-    int __n; 
-    __is >> __e >> __n; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-    { 
-        __x.__e_ = __e; 
-        __x.__n_ = __n; 
-    } 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-typedef discard_block_engine<ranlux24_base, 223, 23> ranlux24; 
-typedef discard_block_engine<ranlux48_base, 389, 11> ranlux48; 
- 
-// independent_bits_engine 
- 
-template<class _Engine, size_t __w, class _UIntType> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS independent_bits_engine 
-{ 
-    template <class _UInt, _UInt _R0, size_t _Wp, size_t _Mp> 
-    class __get_n 
-    { 
-        static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _Dt = numeric_limits<_UInt>::digits; 
-        static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _Np = _Wp / _Mp + (_Wp % _Mp != 0); 
-        static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _W0 = _Wp / _Np; 
-        static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _UInt _Y0 = _W0 >= _Dt ? 0 : (_R0 >> _W0) << _W0; 
-    public: 
-        static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t value = _R0 - _Y0 > _Y0 / _Np ? _Np + 1 : _Np; 
-    }; 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _UIntType result_type; 
- 
-private: 
-    _Engine __e_; 
- 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Dt = numeric_limits<result_type>::digits; 
-    static_assert(  0 <  __w, "independent_bits_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    static_assert(__w <= _Dt, "independent_bits_engine invalid parameters"); 
- 
-    typedef typename _Engine::result_type _Engine_result_type; 
-    typedef typename conditional 
-        < 
-            sizeof(_Engine_result_type) <= sizeof(result_type), 
-                result_type, 
-                _Engine_result_type 
-        >::type _Working_result_type; 
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    static const _Working_result_type _Rp = _Engine::_Max - _Engine::_Min 
-                                          + _Working_result_type(1); 
-#else 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _Working_result_type _Rp = _Engine::max() - _Engine::min() 
-                                                            + _Working_result_type(1); 
-#endif 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t __m = __log2<_Working_result_type, _Rp>::value; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t __n = __get_n<_Working_result_type, _Rp, __w, __m>::value; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t __w0 = __w / __n; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t __n0 = __n - __w % __n; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _WDt = numeric_limits<_Working_result_type>::digits; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _EDt = numeric_limits<_Engine_result_type>::digits; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _Working_result_type __y0 = __w0 >= _WDt ? 0 : 
-                                                               (_Rp >> __w0) << __w0; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _Working_result_type __y1 = __w0 >= _WDt - 1 ? 0 : 
-                                                               (_Rp >> (__w0+1)) << (__w0+1); 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _Engine_result_type __mask0 = __w0 > 0 ? 
-                                _Engine_result_type(~0) >> (_EDt - __w0) : 
-                                _Engine_result_type(0); 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _Engine_result_type __mask1 = __w0 < _EDt - 1 ? 
-                                _Engine_result_type(~0) >> (_EDt - (__w0 + 1)) : 
-                                _Engine_result_type(~0); 
-public: 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = 0; 
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC 
-#pragma warning( push ) 
-#pragma warning( disable: 4293 ) 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = __w == _Dt ? result_type(~0) : 
-                                                      (result_type(1) << __w) - result_type(1); 
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC 
-#pragma warning( pop ) 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC 
- 
-    static_assert(_Min < _Max, "independent_bits_engine invalid parameters"); 
- 
-    // engine characteristics 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Min; } 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Max; } 
- 
-    // constructors and seeding functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    independent_bits_engine() {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit independent_bits_engine(const _Engine& __e) 
-        : __e_(__e) {} 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit independent_bits_engine(_Engine&& __e) 
-        : __e_(_VSTD::move(__e)) {} 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit independent_bits_engine(result_type __sd) : __e_(__sd) {} 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit independent_bits_engine(_Sseq& __q, 
-        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, independent_bits_engine>::value && 
-                           !is_convertible<_Sseq, _Engine>::value>::type* = 0) 
-         : __e_(__q) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void seed() {__e_.seed();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void seed(result_type __sd) {__e_.seed(__sd);} 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        typename enable_if 
-        < 
-            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, independent_bits_engine>::value, 
-            void 
-        >::type 
-        seed(_Sseq& __q) {__e_.seed(__q);} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type operator()() {return __eval(integral_constant<bool, _Rp != 0>());} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();} 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const _Engine& base() const _NOEXCEPT {return __e_;} 
- 
-    template<class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UInt> 
-    friend 
-    bool 
-    operator==( 
-        const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __x, 
-        const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __y); 
- 
-    template<class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UInt> 
-    friend 
-    bool 
-    operator!=( 
-        const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __x, 
-        const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __y); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-              class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UInt> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-               const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __x); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-              class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UInt> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-               independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __x); 
- 
-private: 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type __eval(false_type); 
-    result_type __eval(true_type); 
- 
-    template <size_t __count> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        static 
-        typename enable_if 
-        < 
-            __count < _Dt, 
-            result_type 
-        >::type 
-        __lshift(result_type __x) {return __x << __count;} 
- 
-    template <size_t __count> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        static 
-        typename enable_if 
-        < 
-            (__count >= _Dt), 
-            result_type 
-        >::type 
-        __lshift(result_type) {return result_type(0);} 
-}; 
- 
-template<class _Engine, size_t __w, class _UIntType> 
-inline 
-_UIntType 
-independent_bits_engine<_Engine, __w, _UIntType>::__eval(false_type) 
-{ 
-    return static_cast<result_type>(__e_() & __mask0); 
-} 
- 
-template<class _Engine, size_t __w, class _UIntType> 
-_UIntType 
-independent_bits_engine<_Engine, __w, _UIntType>::__eval(true_type) 
-{ 
-    result_type _Sp = 0; 
-    for (size_t __k = 0; __k < __n0; ++__k) 
-    { 
-        _Engine_result_type __u; 
-        do 
-        { 
-            __u = __e_() - _Engine::min(); 
-        } while (__u >= __y0); 
-        _Sp = static_cast<result_type>(__lshift<__w0>(_Sp) + (__u & __mask0)); 
-    } 
-    for (size_t __k = __n0; __k < __n; ++__k) 
-    { 
-        _Engine_result_type __u; 
-        do 
-        { 
-            __u = __e_() - _Engine::min(); 
-        } while (__u >= __y1); 
-        _Sp = static_cast<result_type>(__lshift<__w0+1>(_Sp) + (__u & __mask1)); 
-    } 
-    return _Sp; 
-} 
- 
-template<class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UInt> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-operator==( 
-    const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __x, 
-    const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __y) 
-{ 
-    return __x.base() == __y.base(); 
-} 
- 
-template<class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UInt> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-operator!=( 
-    const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __x, 
-    const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __y) 
-{ 
-    return !(__x == __y); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UInt> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __x) 
-{ 
-    return __os << __x.base(); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UInt> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __x) 
-{ 
-    _Eng __e; 
-    __is >> __e; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        __x.__e_ = __e; 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// shuffle_order_engine 
- 
-template <uint64_t _Xp, uint64_t _Yp> 
-struct __ugcd 
-{ 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const uint64_t value = __ugcd<_Yp, _Xp % _Yp>::value; 
-}; 
- 
-template <uint64_t _Xp> 
-struct __ugcd<_Xp, 0> 
-{ 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const uint64_t value = _Xp; 
-}; 
- 
-template <uint64_t _Np, uint64_t _Dp> 
-class __uratio 
-{ 
-    static_assert(_Dp != 0, "__uratio divide by 0"); 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const uint64_t __gcd = __ugcd<_Np, _Dp>::value; 
-public: 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const uint64_t num = _Np / __gcd; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const uint64_t den = _Dp / __gcd; 
- 
-    typedef __uratio<num, den> type; 
-}; 
- 
-template<class _Engine, size_t __k> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS shuffle_order_engine 
-{ 
-    static_assert(0 < __k, "shuffle_order_engine invalid parameters"); 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef typename _Engine::result_type result_type; 
- 
-private: 
-    _Engine __e_; 
-    result_type _V_[__k]; 
-    result_type _Y_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // engine characteristics 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t table_size = __k; 
- 
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    static const result_type _Min = _Engine::_Min; 
-    static const result_type _Max = _Engine::_Max; 
-#else 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = _Engine::min(); 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = _Engine::max(); 
-#endif 
-    static_assert(_Min < _Max, "shuffle_order_engine invalid parameters"); 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Min; } 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Max; } 
- 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const unsigned long long _Rp = _Max - _Min + 1ull; 
- 
-    // constructors and seeding functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    shuffle_order_engine() {__init();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit shuffle_order_engine(const _Engine& __e) 
-        : __e_(__e) {__init();} 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit shuffle_order_engine(_Engine&& __e) 
-        : __e_(_VSTD::move(__e)) {__init();} 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit shuffle_order_engine(result_type __sd) : __e_(__sd) {__init();} 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit shuffle_order_engine(_Sseq& __q, 
-        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, shuffle_order_engine>::value && 
-                           !is_convertible<_Sseq, _Engine>::value>::type* = 0) 
-         : __e_(__q) {__init();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void seed() {__e_.seed(); __init();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void seed(result_type __sd) {__e_.seed(__sd); __init();} 
-    template<class _Sseq> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        typename enable_if 
-        < 
-            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, shuffle_order_engine>::value, 
-            void 
-        >::type 
-        seed(_Sseq& __q) {__e_.seed(__q); __init();} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type operator()() {return __eval(integral_constant<bool, _Rp != 0>());} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();} 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const _Engine& base() const _NOEXCEPT {return __e_;} 
- 
-private: 
-    template<class _Eng, size_t _Kp> 
-    friend 
-    bool 
-    operator==( 
-        const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x, 
-        const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __y); 
- 
-    template<class _Eng, size_t _Kp> 
-    friend 
-    bool 
-    operator!=( 
-        const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x, 
-        const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __y); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-              class _Eng, size_t _Kp> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-               const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-              class _Eng, size_t _Kp> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-               shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x); 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void __init() 
-    { 
-        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __k; ++__i) 
-            _V_[__i] = __e_(); 
-        _Y_ = __e_(); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type __eval(false_type) {return __eval2(integral_constant<bool, __k & 1>());} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type __eval(true_type) {return __eval(__uratio<__k, _Rp>());} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type __eval2(false_type) {return __eval(__uratio<__k/2, 0x8000000000000000ull>());} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type __eval2(true_type) {return __evalf<__k, 0>();} 
- 
-    template <uint64_t _Np, uint64_t _Dp> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        typename enable_if 
-        < 
-            (__uratio<_Np, _Dp>::num > 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFull / (_Max - _Min)), 
-            result_type 
-        >::type 
-        __eval(__uratio<_Np, _Dp>) 
-            {return __evalf<__uratio<_Np, _Dp>::num, __uratio<_Np, _Dp>::den>();} 
- 
-    template <uint64_t _Np, uint64_t _Dp> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        typename enable_if 
-        < 
-            __uratio<_Np, _Dp>::num <= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFull / (_Max - _Min), 
-            result_type 
-        >::type 
-        __eval(__uratio<_Np, _Dp>) 
-        { 
-            const size_t __j = static_cast<size_t>(__uratio<_Np, _Dp>::num * (_Y_ - _Min) 
-                                                   / __uratio<_Np, _Dp>::den); 
-            _Y_ = _V_[__j]; 
-            _V_[__j] = __e_(); 
-            return _Y_; 
-        } 
- 
-    template <uint64_t __n, uint64_t __d> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type __evalf() 
-        { 
-            const double _Fp = __d == 0 ? 
-                __n / (2. * 0x8000000000000000ull) : 
-                __n / (double)__d; 
-            const size_t __j = static_cast<size_t>(_Fp * (_Y_ - _Min)); 
-            _Y_ = _V_[__j]; 
-            _V_[__j] = __e_(); 
-            return _Y_; 
-        } 
-}; 
- 
-template<class _Engine, size_t __k> 
-    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t shuffle_order_engine<_Engine, __k>::table_size; 
- 
-template<class _Eng, size_t _Kp> 
-bool 
-operator==( 
-    const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x, 
-    const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __y) 
-{ 
-    return __x._Y_ == __y._Y_ && _VSTD::equal(__x._V_, __x._V_ + _Kp, __y._V_) && 
-           __x.__e_ == __y.__e_; 
-} 
- 
-template<class _Eng, size_t _Kp> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-operator!=( 
-    const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x, 
-    const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __y) 
-{ 
-    return !(__x == __y); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _Eng, size_t _Kp> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _Ostream; 
-    __os.flags(_Ostream::dec | _Ostream::left); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    __os << __x.__e_ << __sp << __x._V_[0]; 
-    for (size_t __i = 1; __i < _Kp; ++__i) 
-        __os << __sp << __x._V_[__i]; 
-    return __os << __sp << __x._Y_; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, 
-          class _Eng, size_t _Kp> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef typename shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>::result_type result_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    _Eng __e; 
-    result_type _Vp[_Kp+1]; 
-    __is >> __e; 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Kp+1; ++__i) 
-        __is >> _Vp[__i]; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-    { 
-        __x.__e_ = __e; 
-        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Kp; ++__i) 
-            __x._V_[__i] = _Vp[__i]; 
-        __x._Y_ = _Vp[_Kp]; 
-    } 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-typedef shuffle_order_engine<minstd_rand0, 256>                         knuth_b; 
- 
-// random_device 
- 
-#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RANDOM_DEVICE) 
- 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS random_device 
-{ 
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_USING_DEV_RANDOM 
-    int __f_; 
-#endif // defined(_LIBCPP_USING_DEV_RANDOM) 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef unsigned result_type; 
- 
-    // generator characteristics 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = 0; 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = 0xFFFFFFFFu; 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Min;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Max;} 
- 
-    // constructors 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    random_device() : random_device("/dev/urandom") {} 
-    explicit random_device(const string& __token); 
-#else 
-    explicit random_device(const string& __token = "/dev/urandom"); 
-#endif 
-    ~random_device(); 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    result_type operator()(); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    double entropy() const _NOEXCEPT; 
- 
-private: 
-    // no copy functions 
-    random_device(const random_device&); // = delete; 
-    random_device& operator=(const random_device&); // = delete; 
-}; 
- 
-#endif // !_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RANDOM_DEVICE 
- 
-// seed_seq 
- 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS seed_seq 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef uint32_t result_type; 
- 
-private: 
-    vector<result_type> __v_; 
- 
-    template<class _InputIterator> 
-        void init(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last); 
-public: 
-    // constructors 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    seed_seq() _NOEXCEPT {} 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    template<class _Tp> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        seed_seq(initializer_list<_Tp> __il) {init(__il.begin(), __il.end());} 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
- 
-    template<class _InputIterator> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        seed_seq(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last) 
-             {init(__first, __last);} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _RandomAccessIterator> 
-        void generate(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    size_t size() const _NOEXCEPT {return __v_.size();} 
-    template<class _OutputIterator> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        void param(_OutputIterator __dest) const 
-            {_VSTD::copy(__v_.begin(), __v_.end(), __dest);} 
- 
-private: 
-    // no copy functions 
-    seed_seq(const seed_seq&); // = delete; 
-    void operator=(const seed_seq&); // = delete; 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    static result_type _Tp(result_type __x) {return __x ^ (__x >> 27);} 
-}; 
- 
-template<class _InputIterator> 
-void 
-seed_seq::init(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last) 
-{ 
-    for (_InputIterator __s = __first; __s != __last; ++__s) 
-        __v_.push_back(*__s & 0xFFFFFFFF); 
-} 
- 
-template<class _RandomAccessIterator> 
-void 
-seed_seq::generate(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last) 
-{ 
-    if (__first != __last) 
-    { 
-        _VSTD::fill(__first, __last, 0x8b8b8b8b); 
-        const size_t __n = static_cast<size_t>(__last - __first); 
-        const size_t __s = __v_.size(); 
-        const size_t __t = (__n >= 623) ? 11 
-                         : (__n >= 68) ? 7 
-                         : (__n >= 39) ? 5 
-                         : (__n >= 7)  ? 3 
-                         : (__n - 1) / 2; 
-        const size_t __p = (__n - __t) / 2; 
-        const size_t __q = __p + __t; 
-        const size_t __m = _VSTD::max(__s + 1, __n); 
-        // __k = 0; 
-        { 
-            result_type __r = 1664525 * _Tp(__first[0] ^ __first[__p] 
-                                                      ^  __first[__n - 1]); 
-            __first[__p] += __r; 
-            __r += __s; 
-            __first[__q] += __r; 
-            __first[0] = __r; 
-        } 
-        for (size_t __k = 1; __k <= __s; ++__k) 
-        { 
-            const size_t __kmodn = __k % __n; 
-            const size_t __kpmodn = (__k + __p) % __n; 
-            result_type __r = 1664525 * _Tp(__first[__kmodn] ^ __first[__kpmodn] 
-                                           ^ __first[(__k - 1) % __n]); 
-            __first[__kpmodn] += __r; 
-            __r +=  __kmodn + __v_[__k-1]; 
-            __first[(__k + __q) % __n] += __r; 
-            __first[__kmodn] = __r; 
-        } 
-        for (size_t __k = __s + 1; __k < __m; ++__k) 
-        { 
-            const size_t __kmodn = __k % __n; 
-            const size_t __kpmodn = (__k + __p) % __n; 
-            result_type __r = 1664525 * _Tp(__first[__kmodn] ^ __first[__kpmodn] 
-                                           ^ __first[(__k - 1) % __n]); 
-            __first[__kpmodn] += __r; 
-            __r +=  __kmodn; 
-            __first[(__k + __q) % __n] += __r; 
-            __first[__kmodn] = __r; 
-        } 
-        for (size_t __k = __m; __k < __m + __n; ++__k) 
-        { 
-            const size_t __kmodn = __k % __n; 
-            const size_t __kpmodn = (__k + __p) % __n; 
-            result_type __r = 1566083941 * _Tp(__first[__kmodn] + 
-                                              __first[__kpmodn] + 
-                                              __first[(__k - 1) % __n]); 
-            __first[__kpmodn] ^= __r; 
-            __r -= __kmodn; 
-            __first[(__k + __q) % __n] ^= __r; 
-            __first[__kmodn] = __r; 
-        } 
-    } 
-} 
- 
-// generate_canonical 
- 
-template<class _RealType, size_t __bits, class _URNG> 
-_RealType 
-generate_canonical(_URNG& __g) 
-{ 
-    const size_t _Dt = numeric_limits<_RealType>::digits; 
-    const size_t __b = _Dt < __bits ? _Dt : __bits; 
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    const size_t __logR = __log2<uint64_t, _URNG::_Max - _URNG::_Min + uint64_t(1)>::value; 
-#else 
-    const size_t __logR = __log2<uint64_t, _URNG::max() - _URNG::min() + uint64_t(1)>::value; 
-#endif 
-    const size_t __k = __b / __logR + (__b % __logR != 0) + (__b == 0); 
-    const _RealType _Rp = static_cast<_RealType>(_URNG::max() - _URNG::min()) + _RealType(1); 
-    _RealType __base = _Rp; 
-    _RealType _Sp = __g() - _URNG::min(); 
-    for (size_t __i = 1; __i < __k; ++__i, __base *= _Rp) 
-        _Sp += (__g() - _URNG::min()) * __base; 
-    return _Sp / __base; 
-} 
- 
-// uniform_real_distribution 
- 
-template<class _RealType = double> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS uniform_real_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        result_type __a_; 
-        result_type __b_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef uniform_real_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit param_type(result_type __a = 0, 
-                            result_type __b = 1) 
-            : __a_(__a), __b_(__b) {} 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type a() const {return __a_;} 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type b() const {return __b_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__a_ == __y.__a_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    uniform_real_distribution() : uniform_real_distribution(0) {} 
-    explicit uniform_real_distribution(result_type __a, result_type __b = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {} 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit uniform_real_distribution(result_type __a = 0, result_type __b = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {} 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit uniform_real_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type a() const {return __p_.a();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type b() const {return __p_.b();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return a();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return b();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const uniform_real_distribution& __x, 
-                        const uniform_real_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const uniform_real_distribution& __x, 
-                        const uniform_real_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
-}; 
- 
-template<class _RealType> 
-template<class _URNG> 
-inline 
-typename uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::result_type 
-uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p) 
-{ 
-    return (__p.b() - __p.a()) 
-        * _VSTD::generate_canonical<_RealType, numeric_limits<_RealType>::digits>(__g) 
-        + __p.a(); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const uniform_real_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    return __os << __x.a() << __sp << __x.b(); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           uniform_real_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef uniform_real_distribution<_RT> _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    result_type __a; 
-    result_type __b; 
-    __is >> __a >> __b; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        __x.param(param_type(__a, __b)); 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// bernoulli_distribution 
- 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS bernoulli_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef bool result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        double __p_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef bernoulli_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit param_type(double __p = 0.5) : __p_(__p) {} 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        double p() const {return __p_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    bernoulli_distribution() : bernoulli_distribution(0.5) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit bernoulli_distribution(double __p) : __p_(param_type(__p)) {} 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit bernoulli_distribution(double __p = 0.5) : __p_(param_type(__p)) {} 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit bernoulli_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    double p() const {return __p_.p();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return false;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return true;} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const bernoulli_distribution& __x, 
-                        const bernoulli_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const bernoulli_distribution& __x, 
-                        const bernoulli_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
-}; 
- 
-template<class _URNG> 
-inline 
-bernoulli_distribution::result_type 
-bernoulli_distribution::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p) 
-{ 
-    uniform_real_distribution<double> __gen; 
-    return __gen(__g) < __p.p(); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, const bernoulli_distribution& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    return __os << __x.p(); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, bernoulli_distribution& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef bernoulli_distribution _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    double __p; 
-    __is >> __p; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        __x.param(param_type(__p)); 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// binomial_distribution 
- 
-template<class _IntType = int> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS binomial_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _IntType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        result_type __t_; 
-        double __p_; 
-        double __pr_; 
-        double __odds_ratio_; 
-        result_type __r0_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef binomial_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(result_type __t = 1, double __p = 0.5); 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type t() const {return __t_;} 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        double p() const {return __p_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__t_ == __y.__t_ && __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
- 
-        friend class binomial_distribution; 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    binomial_distribution() : binomial_distribution(1) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit binomial_distribution(result_type __t, double __p = 0.5) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__t, __p)) {} 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit binomial_distribution(result_type __t = 1, double __p = 0.5) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__t, __p)) {} 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit binomial_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type t() const {return __p_.t();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    double p() const {return __p_.p();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return 0;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return t();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const binomial_distribution& __x, 
-                        const binomial_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const binomial_distribution& __x, 
-                        const binomial_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
-}; 
- 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_MSVCRT_LIKE 
-extern "C" double lgamma_r(double, int *); 
-#endif 
- 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY double __libcpp_lgamma(double __d) { 
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT_LIKE) 
-  return lgamma(__d); 
-#else 
-  int __sign; 
-  return lgamma_r(__d, &__sign); 
-#endif 
-} 
- 
-template<class _IntType> 
-binomial_distribution<_IntType>::param_type::param_type(result_type __t, double __p) 
-    : __t_(__t), __p_(__p) 
-{ 
-    if (0 < __p_ && __p_ < 1) 
-    { 
-        __r0_ = static_cast<result_type>((__t_ + 1) * __p_); 
-        __pr_ = _VSTD::exp(__libcpp_lgamma(__t_ + 1.) - 
-                           __libcpp_lgamma(__r0_ + 1.) - 
-                           __libcpp_lgamma(__t_ - __r0_ + 1.) + __r0_ * _VSTD::log(__p_) + 
-                           (__t_ - __r0_) * _VSTD::log(1 - __p_)); 
-        __odds_ratio_ = __p_ / (1 - __p_); 
-    } 
-} 
- 
-// Reference: Kemp, C.D. (1986). `A modal method for generating binomial 
-//           variables', Commun. Statist. - Theor. Meth. 15(3), 805-813. 
-template<class _IntType> 
-template<class _URNG> 
-_IntType 
-binomial_distribution<_IntType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __pr) 
-{ 
-    if (__pr.__t_ == 0 || __pr.__p_ == 0) 
-        return 0; 
-    if (__pr.__p_ == 1) 
-        return __pr.__t_; 
-    uniform_real_distribution<double> __gen; 
-    double __u = __gen(__g) - __pr.__pr_; 
-    if (__u < 0) 
-        return __pr.__r0_; 
-    double __pu = __pr.__pr_; 
-    double __pd = __pu; 
-    result_type __ru = __pr.__r0_; 
-    result_type __rd = __ru; 
-    while (true) 
-    { 
-        bool __break = true; 
-        if (__rd >= 1) 
-        { 
-            __pd *= __rd / (__pr.__odds_ratio_ * (__pr.__t_ - __rd + 1)); 
-            __u -= __pd; 
-            __break = false; 
-            if (__u < 0) 
-                return __rd - 1; 
-        } 
-        if ( __rd != 0 ) 
-            --__rd; 
-        ++__ru; 
-        if (__ru <= __pr.__t_) 
-        { 
-            __pu *= (__pr.__t_ - __ru + 1) * __pr.__odds_ratio_ / __ru; 
-            __u -= __pu; 
-            __break = false; 
-            if (__u < 0) 
-                return __ru; 
-        } 
-        if (__break) 
-            return 0; 
-    } 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const binomial_distribution<_IntType>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    return __os << __x.t() << __sp << __x.p(); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           binomial_distribution<_IntType>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef binomial_distribution<_IntType> _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    result_type __t; 
-    double __p; 
-    __is >> __t >> __p; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        __x.param(param_type(__t, __p)); 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// exponential_distribution 
- 
-template<class _RealType = double> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS exponential_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        result_type __lambda_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef exponential_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit param_type(result_type __lambda = 1) : __lambda_(__lambda) {} 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type lambda() const {return __lambda_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__lambda_ == __y.__lambda_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    exponential_distribution() : exponential_distribution(1) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit exponential_distribution(result_type __lambda) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__lambda)) {} 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit exponential_distribution(result_type __lambda = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__lambda)) {} 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit exponential_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type lambda() const {return __p_.lambda();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return 0;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const exponential_distribution& __x, 
-                        const exponential_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const exponential_distribution& __x, 
-                        const exponential_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _RealType> 
-template<class _URNG> 
-_RealType 
-exponential_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p) 
-{ 
-    return -_VSTD::log 
-                  ( 
-                      result_type(1) - 
-                      _VSTD::generate_canonical<result_type, 
-                                       numeric_limits<result_type>::digits>(__g) 
-                  ) 
-                  / __p.lambda(); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RealType> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const exponential_distribution<_RealType>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    return __os << __x.lambda(); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RealType> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           exponential_distribution<_RealType>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef exponential_distribution<_RealType> _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    result_type __lambda; 
-    __is >> __lambda; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        __x.param(param_type(__lambda)); 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// normal_distribution 
- 
-template<class _RealType = double> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS normal_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        result_type __mean_; 
-        result_type __stddev_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef normal_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit param_type(result_type __mean = 0, result_type __stddev = 1) 
-            : __mean_(__mean), __stddev_(__stddev) {} 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type mean() const {return __mean_;} 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type stddev() const {return __stddev_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__mean_ == __y.__mean_ && __x.__stddev_ == __y.__stddev_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
-    result_type _V_; 
-    bool _V_hot_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    normal_distribution() : normal_distribution(0) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit normal_distribution(result_type __mean, result_type __stddev = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__mean, __stddev)), _V_hot_(false) {} 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit normal_distribution(result_type __mean = 0, 
-                                 result_type __stddev = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__mean, __stddev)), _V_hot_(false) {} 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit normal_distribution(const param_type& __p) 
-        : __p_(__p), _V_hot_(false) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {_V_hot_ = false;} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type mean() const {return __p_.mean();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type stddev() const {return __p_.stddev();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return -numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const normal_distribution& __x, 
-                        const normal_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_ && __x._V_hot_ == __y._V_hot_ && 
-                (!__x._V_hot_ || __x._V_ == __y._V_);} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const normal_distribution& __x, 
-                        const normal_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-               const normal_distribution<_RT>& __x); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-               normal_distribution<_RT>& __x); 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _RealType> 
-template<class _URNG> 
-_RealType 
-normal_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p) 
-{ 
-    result_type _Up; 
-    if (_V_hot_) 
-    { 
-        _V_hot_ = false; 
-        _Up = _V_; 
-    } 
-    else 
-    { 
-        uniform_real_distribution<result_type> _Uni(-1, 1); 
-        result_type __u; 
-        result_type __v; 
-        result_type __s; 
-        do 
-        { 
-            __u = _Uni(__g); 
-            __v = _Uni(__g); 
-            __s = __u * __u + __v * __v; 
-        } while (__s > 1 || __s == 0); 
-        result_type _Fp = _VSTD::sqrt(-2 * _VSTD::log(__s) / __s); 
-        _V_ = __v * _Fp; 
-        _V_hot_ = true; 
-        _Up = __u * _Fp; 
-    } 
-    return _Up * __p.stddev() + __p.mean(); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const normal_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    __os << __x.mean() << __sp << __x.stddev() << __sp << __x._V_hot_; 
-    if (__x._V_hot_) 
-        __os << __sp << __x._V_; 
-    return __os; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           normal_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef normal_distribution<_RT> _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    result_type __mean; 
-    result_type __stddev; 
-    result_type _Vp = 0; 
-    bool _V_hot = false; 
-    __is >> __mean >> __stddev >> _V_hot; 
-    if (_V_hot) 
-        __is >> _Vp; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-    { 
-        __x.param(param_type(__mean, __stddev)); 
-        __x._V_hot_ = _V_hot; 
-        __x._V_ = _Vp; 
-    } 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// lognormal_distribution 
- 
-template<class _RealType = double> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS lognormal_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        normal_distribution<result_type> __nd_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef lognormal_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit param_type(result_type __m = 0, result_type __s = 1) 
-            : __nd_(__m, __s) {} 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type m() const {return __nd_.mean();} 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type s() const {return __nd_.stddev();} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__nd_ == __y.__nd_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
-        friend class lognormal_distribution; 
- 
-        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-        friend 
-        basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-        operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-                   const lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x); 
- 
-        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-        friend 
-        basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-        operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-                   lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x); 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    lognormal_distribution() : lognormal_distribution(0) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit lognormal_distribution(result_type __m, result_type __s = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__m, __s)) {} 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit lognormal_distribution(result_type __m = 0, 
-                                    result_type __s = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__m, __s)) {} 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit lognormal_distribution(const param_type& __p) 
-        : __p_(__p) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {__p_.__nd_.reset();} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p) 
-        {return _VSTD::exp(const_cast<normal_distribution<result_type>&>(__p.__nd_)(__g));} 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type m() const {return __p_.m();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type s() const {return __p_.s();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return 0;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const lognormal_distribution& __x, 
-                        const lognormal_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const lognormal_distribution& __x, 
-                        const lognormal_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-               const lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-               lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x); 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    return __os << __x.__p_.__nd_; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    return __is >> __x.__p_.__nd_; 
-} 
- 
-// poisson_distribution 
- 
-template<class _IntType = int> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS poisson_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _IntType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        double __mean_; 
-        double __s_; 
-        double __d_; 
-        double __l_; 
-        double __omega_; 
-        double __c0_; 
-        double __c1_; 
-        double __c2_; 
-        double __c3_; 
-        double __c_; 
- 
-    public: 
-        typedef poisson_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        explicit param_type(double __mean = 1.0); 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        double mean() const {return __mean_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__mean_ == __y.__mean_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
- 
-        friend class poisson_distribution; 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    poisson_distribution() : poisson_distribution(1.0) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit poisson_distribution(double __mean) 
-        : __p_(__mean) {} 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit poisson_distribution(double __mean = 1.0) 
-        : __p_(__mean) {} 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit poisson_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    double mean() const {return __p_.mean();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return 0;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::max();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const poisson_distribution& __x, 
-                        const poisson_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const poisson_distribution& __x, 
-                        const poisson_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
-}; 
- 
-template<class _IntType> 
-poisson_distribution<_IntType>::param_type::param_type(double __mean) 
-    // According to the standard `inf` is a valid input, but it causes the 
-    // distribution to hang, so we replace it with the maximum representable 
-    // mean. 
-    : __mean_(isinf(__mean) ? numeric_limits<double>::max() : __mean) 
-{ 
-    if (__mean_ < 10) 
-    { 
-        __s_ = 0; 
-        __d_ = 0; 
-        __l_ = _VSTD::exp(-__mean_); 
-        __omega_ = 0; 
-        __c3_ = 0; 
-        __c2_ = 0; 
-        __c1_ = 0; 
-        __c0_ = 0; 
-        __c_ = 0; 
-    } 
-    else 
-    { 
-        __s_ = _VSTD::sqrt(__mean_); 
-        __d_ = 6 * __mean_ * __mean_; 
-        __l_ = _VSTD::trunc(__mean_ - 1.1484); 
-        __omega_ = .3989423 / __s_; 
-        double __b1_ = .4166667E-1 / __mean_; 
-        double __b2_ = .3 * __b1_ * __b1_; 
-        __c3_ = .1428571 * __b1_ * __b2_; 
-        __c2_ = __b2_ - 15. * __c3_; 
-        __c1_ = __b1_ - 6. * __b2_ + 45. * __c3_; 
-        __c0_ = 1. - __b1_ + 3. * __b2_ - 15. * __c3_; 
-        __c_ = .1069 / __mean_; 
-    } 
-} 
- 
-template <class _IntType> 
-template<class _URNG> 
-_IntType 
-poisson_distribution<_IntType>::operator()(_URNG& __urng, const param_type& __pr) 
-{ 
-    double __tx; 
-    uniform_real_distribution<double> __urd; 
-    if (__pr.__mean_ < 10) 
-    { 
-         __tx = 0; 
-        for (double __p = __urd(__urng); __p > __pr.__l_; ++__tx) 
-            __p *= __urd(__urng); 
-    } 
-    else 
-    { 
-        double __difmuk; 
-        double __g = __pr.__mean_ + __pr.__s_ * normal_distribution<double>()(__urng); 
-        double __u; 
-        if (__g > 0) 
-        { 
-            __tx = _VSTD::trunc(__g); 
-            if (__tx >= __pr.__l_) 
-                return _VSTD::__clamp_to_integral<result_type>(__tx); 
-            __difmuk = __pr.__mean_ - __tx; 
-            __u = __urd(__urng); 
-            if (__pr.__d_ * __u >= __difmuk * __difmuk * __difmuk) 
-                return _VSTD::__clamp_to_integral<result_type>(__tx); 
-        } 
-        exponential_distribution<double> __edist; 
-        for (bool __using_exp_dist = false; true; __using_exp_dist = true) 
-        { 
-            double __e; 
-            if (__using_exp_dist || __g <= 0) 
-            { 
-                double __t; 
-                do 
-                { 
-                    __e = __edist(__urng); 
-                    __u = __urd(__urng); 
-                    __u += __u - 1; 
-                    __t = 1.8 + (__u < 0 ? -__e : __e); 
-                } while (__t <= -.6744); 
-                __tx = _VSTD::trunc(__pr.__mean_ + __pr.__s_ * __t); 
-                __difmuk = __pr.__mean_ - __tx; 
-                __using_exp_dist = true; 
-            } 
-            double __px; 
-            double __py; 
-            if (__tx < 10 && __tx >= 0) 
-            { 
-                const double __fac[] = {1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720, 5040, 
-                                             40320, 362880}; 
-                __px = -__pr.__mean_; 
-                __py = _VSTD::pow(__pr.__mean_, (double)__tx) / __fac[static_cast<int>(__tx)]; 
-            } 
-            else 
-            { 
-                double __del = .8333333E-1 / __tx; 
-                __del -= 4.8 * __del * __del * __del; 
-                double __v = __difmuk / __tx; 
-                if (_VSTD::abs(__v) > 0.25) 
-                    __px = __tx * _VSTD::log(1 + __v) - __difmuk - __del; 
-                else 
-                    __px = __tx * __v * __v * (((((((.1250060 * __v + -.1384794) * 
-                           __v + .1421878) * __v + -.1661269) * __v + .2000118) * 
-                           __v + -.2500068) * __v + .3333333) * __v + -.5) - __del; 
-                __py = .3989423 / _VSTD::sqrt(__tx); 
-            } 
-            double __r = (0.5 - __difmuk) / __pr.__s_; 
-            double __r2 = __r * __r; 
-            double __fx = -0.5 * __r2; 
-            double __fy = __pr.__omega_ * (((__pr.__c3_ * __r2 + __pr.__c2_) * 
-                                        __r2 + __pr.__c1_) * __r2 + __pr.__c0_); 
-            if (__using_exp_dist) 
-            { 
-                if (__pr.__c_ * _VSTD::abs(__u) <= __py * _VSTD::exp(__px + __e) - 
-                                                   __fy * _VSTD::exp(__fx + __e)) 
-                    break; 
-            } 
-            else 
-            { 
-                if (__fy - __u * __fy <= __py * _VSTD::exp(__px - __fx)) 
-                    break; 
-            } 
-        } 
-    } 
-    return _VSTD::__clamp_to_integral<result_type>(__tx); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const poisson_distribution<_IntType>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    return __os << __x.mean(); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           poisson_distribution<_IntType>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef poisson_distribution<_IntType> _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    double __mean; 
-    __is >> __mean; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        __x.param(param_type(__mean)); 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// weibull_distribution 
- 
-template<class _RealType = double> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS weibull_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        result_type __a_; 
-        result_type __b_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef weibull_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit param_type(result_type __a = 1, result_type __b = 1) 
-            : __a_(__a), __b_(__b) {} 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type a() const {return __a_;} 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type b() const {return __b_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__a_ == __y.__a_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    weibull_distribution() : weibull_distribution(1) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit weibull_distribution(result_type __a, result_type __b = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {} 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit weibull_distribution(result_type __a = 1, result_type __b = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {} 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit weibull_distribution(const param_type& __p) 
-        : __p_(__p) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p) 
-        {return __p.b() * 
-            _VSTD::pow(exponential_distribution<result_type>()(__g), 1/__p.a());} 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type a() const {return __p_.a();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type b() const {return __p_.b();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return 0;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const weibull_distribution& __x, 
-                        const weibull_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const weibull_distribution& __x, 
-                        const weibull_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const weibull_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    __os << __x.a() << __sp << __x.b(); 
-    return __os; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           weibull_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef weibull_distribution<_RT> _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    result_type __a; 
-    result_type __b; 
-    __is >> __a >> __b; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        __x.param(param_type(__a, __b)); 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-template<class _RealType = double> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS extreme_value_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        result_type __a_; 
-        result_type __b_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef extreme_value_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit param_type(result_type __a = 0, result_type __b = 1) 
-            : __a_(__a), __b_(__b) {} 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type a() const {return __a_;} 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type b() const {return __b_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__a_ == __y.__a_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    extreme_value_distribution() : extreme_value_distribution(0) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit extreme_value_distribution(result_type __a, result_type __b = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {} 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit extreme_value_distribution(result_type __a = 0, 
-                                        result_type __b = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {} 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit extreme_value_distribution(const param_type& __p) 
-        : __p_(__p) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type a() const {return __p_.a();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type b() const {return __p_.b();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return -numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const extreme_value_distribution& __x, 
-                        const extreme_value_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const extreme_value_distribution& __x, 
-                        const extreme_value_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
-}; 
- 
-template<class _RealType> 
-template<class _URNG> 
-_RealType 
-extreme_value_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p) 
-{ 
-    return __p.a() - __p.b() * 
-         _VSTD::log(-_VSTD::log(1-uniform_real_distribution<result_type>()(__g))); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const extreme_value_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    __os << __x.a() << __sp << __x.b(); 
-    return __os; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           extreme_value_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef extreme_value_distribution<_RT> _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    result_type __a; 
-    result_type __b; 
-    __is >> __a >> __b; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        __x.param(param_type(__a, __b)); 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// gamma_distribution 
- 
-template<class _RealType = double> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS gamma_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        result_type __alpha_; 
-        result_type __beta_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef gamma_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit param_type(result_type __alpha = 1, result_type __beta = 1) 
-            : __alpha_(__alpha), __beta_(__beta) {} 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type alpha() const {return __alpha_;} 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type beta() const {return __beta_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__alpha_ == __y.__alpha_ && __x.__beta_ == __y.__beta_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    gamma_distribution() : gamma_distribution(1) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit gamma_distribution(result_type __alpha, result_type __beta = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__alpha, __beta)) {} 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit gamma_distribution(result_type __alpha = 1, 
-                                result_type __beta = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__alpha, __beta)) {} 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit gamma_distribution(const param_type& __p) 
-        : __p_(__p) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type alpha() const {return __p_.alpha();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type beta() const {return __p_.beta();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return 0;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const gamma_distribution& __x, 
-                        const gamma_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const gamma_distribution& __x, 
-                        const gamma_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _RealType> 
-template<class _URNG> 
-_RealType 
-gamma_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p) 
-{ 
-    result_type __a = __p.alpha(); 
-    uniform_real_distribution<result_type> __gen(0, 1); 
-    exponential_distribution<result_type> __egen; 
-    result_type __x; 
-    if (__a == 1) 
-        __x = __egen(__g); 
-    else if (__a > 1) 
-    { 
-        const result_type __b = __a - 1; 
-        const result_type __c = 3 * __a - result_type(0.75); 
-        while (true) 
-        { 
-            const result_type __u = __gen(__g); 
-            const result_type __v = __gen(__g); 
-            const result_type __w = __u * (1 - __u); 
-            if (__w != 0) 
-            { 
-                const result_type __y = _VSTD::sqrt(__c / __w) * 
-                                        (__u - result_type(0.5)); 
-                __x = __b + __y; 
-                if (__x >= 0) 
-                { 
-                    const result_type __z = 64 * __w * __w * __w * __v * __v; 
-                    if (__z <= 1 - 2 * __y * __y / __x) 
-                        break; 
-                    if (_VSTD::log(__z) <= 2 * (__b * _VSTD::log(__x / __b) - __y)) 
-                        break; 
-                } 
-            } 
-        } 
-    } 
-    else  // __a < 1 
-    { 
-        while (true) 
-        { 
-            const result_type __u = __gen(__g); 
-            const result_type __es = __egen(__g); 
-            if (__u <= 1 - __a) 
-            { 
-                __x = _VSTD::pow(__u, 1 / __a); 
-                if (__x <= __es) 
-                    break; 
-            } 
-            else 
-            { 
-                const result_type __e = -_VSTD::log((1-__u)/__a); 
-                __x = _VSTD::pow(1 - __a + __a * __e, 1 / __a); 
-                if (__x <= __e + __es) 
-                    break; 
-            } 
-        } 
-    } 
-    return __x * __p.beta(); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const gamma_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    __os << __x.alpha() << __sp << __x.beta(); 
-    return __os; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           gamma_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef gamma_distribution<_RT> _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    result_type __alpha; 
-    result_type __beta; 
-    __is >> __alpha >> __beta; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        __x.param(param_type(__alpha, __beta)); 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// negative_binomial_distribution 
- 
-template<class _IntType = int> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS negative_binomial_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _IntType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        result_type __k_; 
-        double __p_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef negative_binomial_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit param_type(result_type __k = 1, double __p = 0.5) 
-            : __k_(__k), __p_(__p) {} 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type k() const {return __k_;} 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        double p() const {return __p_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__k_ == __y.__k_ && __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    negative_binomial_distribution() : negative_binomial_distribution(1) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit negative_binomial_distribution(result_type __k, double __p = 0.5) 
-        : __p_(__k, __p) {} 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit negative_binomial_distribution(result_type __k = 1, 
-                                            double __p = 0.5) 
-        : __p_(__k, __p) {} 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit negative_binomial_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type k() const {return __p_.k();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    double p() const {return __p_.p();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return 0;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::max();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const negative_binomial_distribution& __x, 
-                        const negative_binomial_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const negative_binomial_distribution& __x, 
-                        const negative_binomial_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _IntType> 
-template<class _URNG> 
-_IntType 
-negative_binomial_distribution<_IntType>::operator()(_URNG& __urng, const param_type& __pr) 
-{ 
-    result_type __k = __pr.k(); 
-    double __p = __pr.p(); 
-    if (__k <= 21 * __p) 
-    { 
-        bernoulli_distribution __gen(__p); 
-        result_type __f = 0; 
-        result_type __s = 0; 
-        while (__s < __k) 
-        { 
-            if (__gen(__urng)) 
-                ++__s; 
-            else 
-                ++__f; 
-        } 
-        return __f; 
-    } 
-    return poisson_distribution<result_type>(gamma_distribution<double> 
-                                            (__k, (1-__p)/__p)(__urng))(__urng); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const negative_binomial_distribution<_IntType>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    return __os << __x.k() << __sp << __x.p(); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           negative_binomial_distribution<_IntType>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef negative_binomial_distribution<_IntType> _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    result_type __k; 
-    double __p; 
-    __is >> __k >> __p; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        __x.param(param_type(__k, __p)); 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// geometric_distribution 
- 
-template<class _IntType = int> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS geometric_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _IntType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        double __p_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef geometric_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit param_type(double __p = 0.5) : __p_(__p) {} 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        double p() const {return __p_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructors and reset functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    geometric_distribution() : geometric_distribution(0.5) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit geometric_distribution(double __p) 
-        : __p_(__p) {} 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit geometric_distribution(double __p = 0.5) 
-        : __p_(__p) {} 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit geometric_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p) 
-        {return negative_binomial_distribution<result_type>(1, __p.p())(__g);} 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    double p() const {return __p_.p();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return 0;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::max();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const geometric_distribution& __x, 
-                        const geometric_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const geometric_distribution& __x, 
-                        const geometric_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const geometric_distribution<_IntType>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    return __os << __x.p(); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           geometric_distribution<_IntType>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef geometric_distribution<_IntType> _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    double __p; 
-    __is >> __p; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        __x.param(param_type(__p)); 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// chi_squared_distribution 
- 
-template<class _RealType = double> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS chi_squared_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        result_type __n_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef chi_squared_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit param_type(result_type __n = 1) : __n_(__n) {} 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type n() const {return __n_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__n_ == __y.__n_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    chi_squared_distribution() : chi_squared_distribution(1) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit chi_squared_distribution(result_type __n) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__n)) {} 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit chi_squared_distribution(result_type __n = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__n)) {} 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit chi_squared_distribution(const param_type& __p) 
-        : __p_(__p) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p) 
-        {return gamma_distribution<result_type>(__p.n() / 2, 2)(__g);} 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type n() const {return __p_.n();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return 0;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const chi_squared_distribution& __x, 
-                        const chi_squared_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const chi_squared_distribution& __x, 
-                        const chi_squared_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const chi_squared_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    __os << __x.n(); 
-    return __os; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           chi_squared_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef chi_squared_distribution<_RT> _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    result_type __n; 
-    __is >> __n; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        __x.param(param_type(__n)); 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// cauchy_distribution 
- 
-template<class _RealType = double> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS cauchy_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        result_type __a_; 
-        result_type __b_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef cauchy_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit param_type(result_type __a = 0, result_type __b = 1) 
-            : __a_(__a), __b_(__b) {} 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type a() const {return __a_;} 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type b() const {return __b_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__a_ == __y.__a_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    cauchy_distribution() : cauchy_distribution(0) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit cauchy_distribution(result_type __a, result_type __b = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {} 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit cauchy_distribution(result_type __a = 0, result_type __b = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {} 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit cauchy_distribution(const param_type& __p) 
-        : __p_(__p) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type a() const {return __p_.a();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type b() const {return __p_.b();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return -numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const cauchy_distribution& __x, 
-                        const cauchy_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const cauchy_distribution& __x, 
-                        const cauchy_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _RealType> 
-template<class _URNG> 
-inline 
-_RealType 
-cauchy_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p) 
-{ 
-    uniform_real_distribution<result_type> __gen; 
-    // purposefully let tan arg get as close to pi/2 as it wants, tan will return a finite 
-    return __p.a() + __p.b() * _VSTD::tan(3.1415926535897932384626433832795 * __gen(__g)); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const cauchy_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    __os << __x.a() << __sp << __x.b(); 
-    return __os; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           cauchy_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef cauchy_distribution<_RT> _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    result_type __a; 
-    result_type __b; 
-    __is >> __a >> __b; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        __x.param(param_type(__a, __b)); 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// fisher_f_distribution 
- 
-template<class _RealType = double> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS fisher_f_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        result_type __m_; 
-        result_type __n_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef fisher_f_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit param_type(result_type __m = 1, result_type __n = 1) 
-            : __m_(__m), __n_(__n) {} 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type m() const {return __m_;} 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type n() const {return __n_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__m_ == __y.__m_ && __x.__n_ == __y.__n_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    fisher_f_distribution() : fisher_f_distribution(1) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit fisher_f_distribution(result_type __m, result_type __n = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__m, __n)) {} 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit fisher_f_distribution(result_type __m = 1, result_type __n = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__m, __n)) {} 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit fisher_f_distribution(const param_type& __p) 
-        : __p_(__p) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type m() const {return __p_.m();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type n() const {return __p_.n();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return 0;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const fisher_f_distribution& __x, 
-                        const fisher_f_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const fisher_f_distribution& __x, 
-                        const fisher_f_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _RealType> 
-template<class _URNG> 
-_RealType 
-fisher_f_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p) 
-{ 
-    gamma_distribution<result_type> __gdm(__p.m() * result_type(.5)); 
-    gamma_distribution<result_type> __gdn(__p.n() * result_type(.5)); 
-    return __p.n() * __gdm(__g) / (__p.m() * __gdn(__g)); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const fisher_f_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    __os << __x.m() << __sp << __x.n(); 
-    return __os; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           fisher_f_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef fisher_f_distribution<_RT> _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    result_type __m; 
-    result_type __n; 
-    __is >> __m >> __n; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        __x.param(param_type(__m, __n)); 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// student_t_distribution 
- 
-template<class _RealType = double> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS student_t_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        result_type __n_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef student_t_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        explicit param_type(result_type __n = 1) : __n_(__n) {} 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type n() const {return __n_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__n_ == __y.__n_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
-    normal_distribution<result_type> __nd_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    student_t_distribution() : student_t_distribution(1) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit student_t_distribution(result_type __n) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__n)) {} 
-#else 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit student_t_distribution(result_type __n = 1) 
-        : __p_(param_type(__n)) {} 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit student_t_distribution(const param_type& __p) 
-        : __p_(__p) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {__nd_.reset();} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type n() const {return __p_.n();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return -numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const student_t_distribution& __x, 
-                        const student_t_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const student_t_distribution& __x, 
-                        const student_t_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _RealType> 
-template<class _URNG> 
-_RealType 
-student_t_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p) 
-{ 
-    gamma_distribution<result_type> __gd(__p.n() * .5, 2); 
-    return __nd_(__g) * _VSTD::sqrt(__p.n()/__gd(__g)); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const student_t_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    __os << __x.n(); 
-    return __os; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           student_t_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef student_t_distribution<_RT> _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    result_type __n; 
-    __is >> __n; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        __x.param(param_type(__n)); 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// discrete_distribution 
- 
-template<class _IntType = int> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS discrete_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _IntType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        vector<double> __p_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef discrete_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        param_type() {} 
-        template<class _InputIterator> 
-            _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            param_type(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l) 
-            : __p_(__f, __l) {__init();} 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        param_type(initializer_list<double> __wl) 
-            : __p_(__wl.begin(), __wl.end()) {__init();} 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-        template<class _UnaryOperation> 
-            param_type(size_t __nw, double __xmin, double __xmax, 
-                       _UnaryOperation __fw); 
- 
-        vector<double> probabilities() const; 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
- 
-    private: 
-        void __init(); 
- 
-        friend class discrete_distribution; 
- 
-        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT> 
-        friend 
-        basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-        operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-                   const discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x); 
- 
-        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT> 
-        friend 
-        basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-        operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-                   discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x); 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    discrete_distribution() {} 
-    template<class _InputIterator> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        discrete_distribution(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l) 
-            : __p_(__f, __l) {} 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    discrete_distribution(initializer_list<double> __wl) 
-        : __p_(__wl) {} 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    template<class _UnaryOperation> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        discrete_distribution(size_t __nw, double __xmin, double __xmax, 
-                              _UnaryOperation __fw) 
-        : __p_(__nw, __xmin, __xmax, __fw) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit discrete_distribution(const param_type& __p) 
-        : __p_(__p) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    vector<double> probabilities() const {return __p_.probabilities();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return 0;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return __p_.__p_.size();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const discrete_distribution& __x, 
-                        const discrete_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const discrete_distribution& __x, 
-                        const discrete_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-               const discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-               discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class _IntType> 
-template<class _UnaryOperation> 
-discrete_distribution<_IntType>::param_type::param_type(size_t __nw, 
-                                                        double __xmin, 
-                                                        double __xmax, 
-                                                        _UnaryOperation __fw) 
-{ 
-    if (__nw > 1) 
-    { 
-        __p_.reserve(__nw - 1); 
-        double __d = (__xmax - __xmin) / __nw; 
-        double __d2 = __d / 2; 
-        for (size_t __k = 0; __k < __nw; ++__k) 
-            __p_.push_back(__fw(__xmin + __k * __d + __d2)); 
-        __init(); 
-    } 
-} 
- 
-template<class _IntType> 
-void 
-discrete_distribution<_IntType>::param_type::__init() 
-{ 
-    if (!__p_.empty()) 
-    { 
-        if (__p_.size() > 1) 
-        { 
-            double __s = _VSTD::accumulate(__p_.begin(), __p_.end(), 0.0); 
-            for (vector<double>::iterator __i = __p_.begin(), __e = __p_.end(); __i < __e; ++__i) 
-                *__i /= __s; 
-            vector<double> __t(__p_.size() - 1); 
-            _VSTD::partial_sum(__p_.begin(), __p_.end() - 1, __t.begin()); 
-            swap(__p_, __t); 
-        } 
-        else 
-        { 
-            __p_.clear(); 
-            __p_.shrink_to_fit(); 
-        } 
-    } 
-} 
- 
-template<class _IntType> 
-vector<double> 
-discrete_distribution<_IntType>::param_type::probabilities() const 
-{ 
-    size_t __n = __p_.size(); 
-    vector<double> __p(__n+1); 
-    _VSTD::adjacent_difference(__p_.begin(), __p_.end(), __p.begin()); 
-    if (__n > 0) 
-        __p[__n] = 1 - __p_[__n-1]; 
-    else 
-        __p[0] = 1; 
-    return __p; 
-} 
- 
-template<class _IntType> 
-template<class _URNG> 
-_IntType 
-discrete_distribution<_IntType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p) 
-{ 
-    uniform_real_distribution<double> __gen; 
-    return static_cast<_IntType>( 
-           _VSTD::upper_bound(__p.__p_.begin(), __p.__p_.end(), __gen(__g)) - 
-                                                              __p.__p_.begin()); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    size_t __n = __x.__p_.__p_.size(); 
-    __os << __n; 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__p_[__i]; 
-    return __os; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    size_t __n; 
-    __is >> __n; 
-    vector<double> __p(__n); 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __is >> __p[__i]; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-        swap(__x.__p_.__p_, __p); 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// piecewise_constant_distribution 
- 
-template<class _RealType = double> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS piecewise_constant_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        vector<result_type> __b_; 
-        vector<result_type> __densities_; 
-        vector<result_type> __areas_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef piecewise_constant_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        param_type(); 
-        template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW> 
-            param_type(_InputIteratorB __fB, _InputIteratorB __lB, 
-                       _InputIteratorW __fW); 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-        template<class _UnaryOperation> 
-            param_type(initializer_list<result_type> __bl, _UnaryOperation __fw); 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-        template<class _UnaryOperation> 
-            param_type(size_t __nw, result_type __xmin, result_type __xmax, 
-                       _UnaryOperation __fw); 
-        param_type(param_type const&) = default; 
-        param_type & operator=(const param_type& __rhs); 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        vector<result_type> intervals() const {return __b_;} 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        vector<result_type> densities() const {return __densities_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__densities_ == __y.__densities_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
- 
-    private: 
-        void __init(); 
- 
-        friend class piecewise_constant_distribution; 
- 
-        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-        friend 
-        basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-        operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-                   const piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x); 
- 
-        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-        friend 
-        basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-        operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-                   piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x); 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    piecewise_constant_distribution() {} 
-    template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        piecewise_constant_distribution(_InputIteratorB __fB, 
-                                        _InputIteratorB __lB, 
-                                        _InputIteratorW __fW) 
-        : __p_(__fB, __lB, __fW) {} 
- 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    template<class _UnaryOperation> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        piecewise_constant_distribution(initializer_list<result_type> __bl, 
-                                        _UnaryOperation __fw) 
-        : __p_(__bl, __fw) {} 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
- 
-    template<class _UnaryOperation> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        piecewise_constant_distribution(size_t __nw, result_type __xmin, 
-                                        result_type __xmax, _UnaryOperation __fw) 
-        : __p_(__nw, __xmin, __xmax, __fw) {} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit piecewise_constant_distribution(const param_type& __p) 
-        : __p_(__p) {} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    vector<result_type> intervals() const {return __p_.intervals();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    vector<result_type> densities() const {return __p_.densities();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return __p_.__b_.front();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return __p_.__b_.back();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const piecewise_constant_distribution& __x, 
-                        const piecewise_constant_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const piecewise_constant_distribution& __x, 
-                           const piecewise_constant_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-               const piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-               piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class _RealType> 
-typename piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type & 
-piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::operator= 
-                                                       (const param_type& __rhs) 
-{ 
-//  These can throw 
-    __b_.reserve        (__rhs.__b_.size ()); 
-    __densities_.reserve(__rhs.__densities_.size()); 
-    __areas_.reserve    (__rhs.__areas_.size()); 
- 
-//  These can not throw 
-    __b_         = __rhs.__b_; 
-    __densities_ = __rhs.__densities_; 
-    __areas_     =  __rhs.__areas_; 
-    return *this; 
-} 
- 
-template<class _RealType> 
-void 
-piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::__init() 
-{ 
-    // __densities_ contains non-normalized areas 
-    result_type __total_area = _VSTD::accumulate(__densities_.begin(), 
-                                                __densities_.end(), 
-                                                result_type()); 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __densities_.size(); ++__i) 
-        __densities_[__i] /= __total_area; 
-    // __densities_ contains normalized areas 
-    __areas_.assign(__densities_.size(), result_type()); 
-    _VSTD::partial_sum(__densities_.begin(), __densities_.end() - 1, 
-                                                          __areas_.begin() + 1); 
-    // __areas_ contains partial sums of normalized areas: [0, __densities_ - 1] 
-    __densities_.back() = 1 - __areas_.back();  // correct round off error 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __densities_.size(); ++__i) 
-        __densities_[__i] /= (__b_[__i+1] - __b_[__i]); 
-    // __densities_ now contains __densities_ 
-} 
- 
-template<class _RealType> 
-piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type() 
-    : __b_(2), 
-      __densities_(1, 1.0), 
-      __areas_(1, 0.0) 
-{ 
-    __b_[1] = 1; 
-} 
- 
-template<class _RealType> 
-template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW> 
-piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type( 
-        _InputIteratorB __fB, _InputIteratorB __lB, _InputIteratorW __fW) 
-    : __b_(__fB, __lB) 
-{ 
-    if (__b_.size() < 2) 
-    { 
-        __b_.resize(2); 
-        __b_[0] = 0; 
-        __b_[1] = 1; 
-        __densities_.assign(1, 1.0); 
-        __areas_.assign(1, 0.0); 
-    } 
-    else 
-    { 
-        __densities_.reserve(__b_.size() - 1); 
-        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __b_.size() - 1; ++__i, ++__fW) 
-            __densities_.push_back(*__fW); 
-        __init(); 
-    } 
-} 
- 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
- 
-template<class _RealType> 
-template<class _UnaryOperation> 
-piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type( 
-        initializer_list<result_type> __bl, _UnaryOperation __fw) 
-    : __b_(__bl.begin(), __bl.end()) 
-{ 
-    if (__b_.size() < 2) 
-    { 
-        __b_.resize(2); 
-        __b_[0] = 0; 
-        __b_[1] = 1; 
-        __densities_.assign(1, 1.0); 
-        __areas_.assign(1, 0.0); 
-    } 
-    else 
-    { 
-        __densities_.reserve(__b_.size() - 1); 
-        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __b_.size() - 1; ++__i) 
-            __densities_.push_back(__fw((__b_[__i+1] + __b_[__i])*.5)); 
-        __init(); 
-    } 
-} 
- 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
- 
-template<class _RealType> 
-template<class _UnaryOperation> 
-piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type( 
-        size_t __nw, result_type __xmin, result_type __xmax, _UnaryOperation __fw) 
-    : __b_(__nw == 0 ? 2 : __nw + 1) 
-{ 
-    size_t __n = __b_.size() - 1; 
-    result_type __d = (__xmax - __xmin) / __n; 
-    __densities_.reserve(__n); 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-    { 
-        __b_[__i] = __xmin + __i * __d; 
-        __densities_.push_back(__fw(__b_[__i] + __d*.5)); 
-    } 
-    __b_[__n] = __xmax; 
-    __init(); 
-} 
- 
-template<class _RealType> 
-template<class _URNG> 
-_RealType 
-piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p) 
-{ 
-    typedef uniform_real_distribution<result_type> _Gen; 
-    result_type __u = _Gen()(__g); 
-    ptrdiff_t __k = _VSTD::upper_bound(__p.__areas_.begin(), __p.__areas_.end(), 
-                                      __u) - __p.__areas_.begin() - 1; 
-    return (__u - __p.__areas_[__k]) / __p.__densities_[__k] + __p.__b_[__k]; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    size_t __n = __x.__p_.__b_.size(); 
-    __os << __n; 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__b_[__i]; 
-    __n = __x.__p_.__densities_.size(); 
-    __os << __sp << __n; 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__densities_[__i]; 
-    __n = __x.__p_.__areas_.size(); 
-    __os << __sp << __n; 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__areas_[__i]; 
-    return __os; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT> _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    size_t __n; 
-    __is >> __n; 
-    vector<result_type> __b(__n); 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __is >> __b[__i]; 
-    __is >> __n; 
-    vector<result_type> __densities(__n); 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __is >> __densities[__i]; 
-    __is >> __n; 
-    vector<result_type> __areas(__n); 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __is >> __areas[__i]; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-    { 
-        swap(__x.__p_.__b_, __b); 
-        swap(__x.__p_.__densities_, __densities); 
-        swap(__x.__p_.__areas_, __areas); 
-    } 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-// piecewise_linear_distribution 
- 
-template<class _RealType = double> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS piecewise_linear_distribution 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types 
-    typedef _RealType result_type; 
- 
-    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type 
-    { 
-        vector<result_type> __b_; 
-        vector<result_type> __densities_; 
-        vector<result_type> __areas_; 
-    public: 
-        typedef piecewise_linear_distribution distribution_type; 
- 
-        param_type(); 
-        template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW> 
-            param_type(_InputIteratorB __fB, _InputIteratorB __lB, 
-                       _InputIteratorW __fW); 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-        template<class _UnaryOperation> 
-            param_type(initializer_list<result_type> __bl, _UnaryOperation __fw); 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-        template<class _UnaryOperation> 
-            param_type(size_t __nw, result_type __xmin, result_type __xmax, 
-                       _UnaryOperation __fw); 
+    }
+}
+
+template <class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __n, size_t __m, size_t __r,
+          _UIntType __a, size_t __u, _UIntType __d, size_t __s,
+          _UIntType __b, size_t __t, _UIntType __c, size_t __l, _UIntType __f>
+_UIntType
+mersenne_twister_engine<_UIntType, __w, __n, __m, __r, __a, __u, __d, __s, __b,
+    __t, __c, __l, __f>::operator()()
+{
+    const size_t __j = (__i_ + 1) % __n;
+    const result_type __mask = __r == _Dt ? result_type(~0) :
+                                       (result_type(1) << __r) - result_type(1);
+    const result_type _Yp = (__x_[__i_] & ~__mask) | (__x_[__j] & __mask);
+    const size_t __k = (__i_ + __m) % __n;
+    __x_[__i_] = __x_[__k] ^ __rshift<1>(_Yp) ^ (__a * (_Yp & 1));
+    result_type __z = __x_[__i_] ^ (__rshift<__u>(__x_[__i_]) & __d);
+    __i_ = __j;
+    __z ^= __lshift<__s>(__z) & __b;
+    __z ^= __lshift<__t>(__z) & __c;
+    return __z ^ __rshift<__l>(__z);
+}
+
+template <class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
+          _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp,
+          _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp>
+bool
+operator==(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x,
+           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y)
+{
+    if (__x.__i_ == __y.__i_)
+        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + _Np, __y.__x_);
+    if (__x.__i_ == 0 || __y.__i_ == 0)
+    {
+        size_t __j = _VSTD::min(_Np - __x.__i_, _Np - __y.__i_);
+        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __x.__i_, __x.__x_ + __x.__i_ + __j,
+                         __y.__x_ + __y.__i_))
+            return false;
+        if (__x.__i_ == 0)
+            return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __j, __x.__x_ + _Np, __y.__x_);
+        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + (_Np - __j), __y.__x_ + __j);
+    }
+    if (__x.__i_ < __y.__i_)
+    {
+        size_t __j = _Np - __y.__i_;
+        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __x.__i_, __x.__x_ + (__x.__i_ + __j),
+                         __y.__x_ + __y.__i_))
+            return false;
+        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + (__x.__i_ + __j), __x.__x_ + _Np,
+                         __y.__x_))
+            return false;
+        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + __x.__i_,
+                           __y.__x_ + (_Np - (__x.__i_ + __j)));
+    }
+    size_t __j = _Np - __x.__i_;
+    if (!_VSTD::equal(__y.__x_ + __y.__i_, __y.__x_ + (__y.__i_ + __j),
+                     __x.__x_ + __x.__i_))
+        return false;
+    if (!_VSTD::equal(__y.__x_ + (__y.__i_ + __j), __y.__x_ + _Np,
+                     __x.__x_))
+        return false;
+    return _VSTD::equal(__y.__x_, __y.__x_ + __y.__i_,
+                       __x.__x_ + (_Np - (__y.__i_ + __j)));
+}
+
+template <class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
+          _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp,
+          _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+operator!=(const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x,
+           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __y)
+{
+    return !(__x == __y);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
+          _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp,
+          _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                         _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _Ostream;
+    __os.flags(_Ostream::dec | _Ostream::left);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    __os << __x.__x_[__x.__i_];
+    for (size_t __j = __x.__i_ + 1; __j < _Np; ++__j)
+        __os << __sp << __x.__x_[__j];
+    for (size_t __j = 0; __j < __x.__i_; ++__j)
+        __os << __sp << __x.__x_[__j];
+    return __os;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Np, size_t _Mp, size_t _Rp,
+          _UInt _Ap, size_t _Up, _UInt _Dp, size_t _Sp,
+          _UInt _Bp, size_t _Tp, _UInt _Cp, size_t _Lp, _UInt _Fp>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           mersenne_twister_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Np, _Mp, _Rp, _Ap, _Up, _Dp, _Sp,
+                                   _Bp, _Tp, _Cp, _Lp, _Fp>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    _UInt __t[_Np];
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Np; ++__i)
+        __is >> __t[__i];
+    if (!__is.fail())
+    {
+        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Np; ++__i)
+            __x.__x_[__i] = __t[__i];
+        __x.__i_ = 0;
+    }
+    return __is;
+}
+
+typedef mersenne_twister_engine<uint_fast32_t, 32, 624, 397, 31,
+                                0x9908b0df, 11, 0xffffffff,
+                                7,  0x9d2c5680,
+                                15, 0xefc60000,
+                                18, 1812433253>                         mt19937;
+typedef mersenne_twister_engine<uint_fast64_t, 64, 312, 156, 31,
+                                0xb5026f5aa96619e9ULL, 29, 0x5555555555555555ULL,
+                                17, 0x71d67fffeda60000ULL,
+                                37, 0xfff7eee000000000ULL,
+                                43, 6364136223846793005ULL>          mt19937_64;
+
+// subtract_with_carry_engine
+
+template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS subtract_with_carry_engine;
+
+template<class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
+bool
+operator==(
+    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x,
+    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y);
+
+template<class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+operator!=(
+    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x,
+    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y);
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x);
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x);
+
+template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS subtract_with_carry_engine
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _UIntType result_type;
+
+private:
+    result_type __x_[__r];
+    result_type  __c_;
+    size_t      __i_;
+
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Dt = numeric_limits<result_type>::digits;
+    static_assert(  0 <  __w, "subtract_with_carry_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__w <= _Dt, "subtract_with_carry_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(  0 <  __s, "subtract_with_carry_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__s <  __r, "subtract_with_carry_engine invalid parameters");
+public:
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = 0;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = __w == _Dt ? result_type(~0) :
+                                                      (result_type(1) << __w) - result_type(1);
+    static_assert(_Min < _Max, "subtract_with_carry_engine invalid parameters");
+
+    // engine characteristics
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t word_size = __w;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t short_lag = __s;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t long_lag = __r;
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Min; }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Max; }
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type default_seed = 19780503u;
+
+    // constructors and seeding functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    subtract_with_carry_engine() : subtract_with_carry_engine(default_seed) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit subtract_with_carry_engine(result_type __sd) { seed(__sd); }
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit subtract_with_carry_engine(result_type __sd = default_seed) {
+      seed(__sd);
+    }
+#endif
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit subtract_with_carry_engine(_Sseq& __q,
+        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, subtract_with_carry_engine>::value>::type* = 0)
+        {seed(__q);}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void seed(result_type __sd = default_seed)
+        {seed(__sd, integral_constant<unsigned, 1 + (__w - 1) / 32>());}
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        typename enable_if
+        <
+            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, subtract_with_carry_engine>::value,
+            void
+        >::type
+        seed(_Sseq& __q)
+            {__seed(__q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1 + (__w - 1) / 32>());}
+
+    // generating functions
+    result_type operator()();
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();}
+
+    template<class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
+    friend
+    bool
+    operator==(
+        const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x,
+        const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y);
+
+    template<class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
+    friend
+    bool
+    operator!=(
+        const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x,
+        const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+              class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+               const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+              class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+               subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x);
+
+private:
+
+    void seed(result_type __sd, integral_constant<unsigned, 1>);
+    void seed(result_type __sd, integral_constant<unsigned, 2>);
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 1>);
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        void __seed(_Sseq& __q, integral_constant<unsigned, 2>);
+};
+
+template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::word_size;
+
+template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::short_lag;
+
+template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::long_lag;
+
+template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const typename subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::result_type
+    subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::default_seed;
+
+template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
+void
+subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::seed(result_type __sd,
+        integral_constant<unsigned, 1>)
+{
+    linear_congruential_engine<result_type, 40014u, 0u, 2147483563u>
+        __e(__sd == 0u ? default_seed : __sd);
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __r; ++__i)
+        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>(__e() & _Max);
+    __c_ = __x_[__r-1] == 0;
+    __i_ = 0;
+}
+
+template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
+void
+subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::seed(result_type __sd,
+        integral_constant<unsigned, 2>)
+{
+    linear_congruential_engine<result_type, 40014u, 0u, 2147483563u>
+        __e(__sd == 0u ? default_seed : __sd);
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __r; ++__i)
+    {
+        result_type __e0 = __e();
+        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>(
+                                    (__e0 + ((uint64_t)__e() << 32)) & _Max);
+    }
+    __c_ = __x_[__r-1] == 0;
+    __i_ = 0;
+}
+
+template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
+template<class _Sseq>
+void
+subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::__seed(_Sseq& __q,
+        integral_constant<unsigned, 1>)
+{
+    const unsigned __k = 1;
+    uint32_t __ar[__r * __k];
+    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __r * __k);
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __r; ++__i)
+        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>(__ar[__i] & _Max);
+    __c_ = __x_[__r-1] == 0;
+    __i_ = 0;
+}
+
+template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
+template<class _Sseq>
+void
+subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::__seed(_Sseq& __q,
+        integral_constant<unsigned, 2>)
+{
+    const unsigned __k = 2;
+    uint32_t __ar[__r * __k];
+    __q.generate(__ar, __ar + __r * __k);
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __r; ++__i)
+        __x_[__i] = static_cast<result_type>(
+                  (__ar[2 * __i] + ((uint64_t)__ar[2 * __i + 1] << 32)) & _Max);
+    __c_ = __x_[__r-1] == 0;
+    __i_ = 0;
+}
+
+template<class _UIntType, size_t __w, size_t __s, size_t __r>
+_UIntType
+subtract_with_carry_engine<_UIntType, __w, __s, __r>::operator()()
+{
+    const result_type& __xs = __x_[(__i_ + (__r - __s)) % __r];
+    result_type& __xr = __x_[__i_];
+    result_type __new_c = __c_ == 0 ? __xs < __xr : __xs != 0 ? __xs <= __xr : 1;
+    __xr = (__xs - __xr - __c_) & _Max;
+    __c_ = __new_c;
+    __i_ = (__i_ + 1) % __r;
+    return __xr;
+}
+
+template<class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
+bool
+operator==(
+    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x,
+    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y)
+{
+    if (__x.__c_ != __y.__c_)
+        return false;
+    if (__x.__i_ == __y.__i_)
+        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + _Rp, __y.__x_);
+    if (__x.__i_ == 0 || __y.__i_ == 0)
+    {
+        size_t __j = _VSTD::min(_Rp - __x.__i_, _Rp - __y.__i_);
+        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __x.__i_, __x.__x_ + __x.__i_ + __j,
+                         __y.__x_ + __y.__i_))
+            return false;
+        if (__x.__i_ == 0)
+            return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __j, __x.__x_ + _Rp, __y.__x_);
+        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + (_Rp - __j), __y.__x_ + __j);
+    }
+    if (__x.__i_ < __y.__i_)
+    {
+        size_t __j = _Rp - __y.__i_;
+        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + __x.__i_, __x.__x_ + (__x.__i_ + __j),
+                         __y.__x_ + __y.__i_))
+            return false;
+        if (!_VSTD::equal(__x.__x_ + (__x.__i_ + __j), __x.__x_ + _Rp,
+                         __y.__x_))
+            return false;
+        return _VSTD::equal(__x.__x_, __x.__x_ + __x.__i_,
+                           __y.__x_ + (_Rp - (__x.__i_ + __j)));
+    }
+    size_t __j = _Rp - __x.__i_;
+    if (!_VSTD::equal(__y.__x_ + __y.__i_, __y.__x_ + (__y.__i_ + __j),
+                     __x.__x_ + __x.__i_))
+        return false;
+    if (!_VSTD::equal(__y.__x_ + (__y.__i_ + __j), __y.__x_ + _Rp,
+                     __x.__x_))
+        return false;
+    return _VSTD::equal(__y.__x_, __y.__x_ + __y.__i_,
+                       __x.__x_ + (_Rp - (__y.__i_ + __j)));
+}
+
+template<class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+operator!=(
+    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x,
+    const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __y)
+{
+    return !(__x == __y);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _Ostream;
+    __os.flags(_Ostream::dec | _Ostream::left);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    __os << __x.__x_[__x.__i_];
+    for (size_t __j = __x.__i_ + 1; __j < _Rp; ++__j)
+        __os << __sp << __x.__x_[__j];
+    for (size_t __j = 0; __j < __x.__i_; ++__j)
+        __os << __sp << __x.__x_[__j];
+    __os << __sp << __x.__c_;
+    return __os;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _UInt, size_t _Wp, size_t _Sp, size_t _Rp>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           subtract_with_carry_engine<_UInt, _Wp, _Sp, _Rp>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    _UInt __t[_Rp+1];
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Rp+1; ++__i)
+        __is >> __t[__i];
+    if (!__is.fail())
+    {
+        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Rp; ++__i)
+            __x.__x_[__i] = __t[__i];
+        __x.__c_ = __t[_Rp];
+        __x.__i_ = 0;
+    }
+    return __is;
+}
+
+typedef subtract_with_carry_engine<uint_fast32_t, 24, 10, 24>     ranlux24_base;
+typedef subtract_with_carry_engine<uint_fast64_t, 48,  5, 12>     ranlux48_base;
+
+// discard_block_engine
+
+template<class _Engine, size_t __p, size_t __r>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS discard_block_engine
+{
+    _Engine __e_;
+    int     __n_;
+
+    static_assert(  0 <  __r, "discard_block_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__r <= __p, "discard_block_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__r <= INT_MAX, "discard_block_engine invalid parameters");
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef typename _Engine::result_type result_type;
+
+    // engine characteristics
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t block_size = __p;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t used_block = __r;
+
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    static const result_type _Min = _Engine::_Min;
+    static const result_type _Max = _Engine::_Max;
+#else
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = _Engine::min();
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = _Engine::max();
+#endif
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Engine::min(); }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Engine::max(); }
+
+    // constructors and seeding functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    discard_block_engine() : __n_(0) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit discard_block_engine(const _Engine& __e)
+        : __e_(__e), __n_(0) {}
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit discard_block_engine(_Engine&& __e)
+        : __e_(_VSTD::move(__e)), __n_(0) {}
+#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit discard_block_engine(result_type __sd) : __e_(__sd), __n_(0) {}
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit discard_block_engine(_Sseq& __q,
+        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, discard_block_engine>::value &&
+                           !is_convertible<_Sseq, _Engine>::value>::type* = 0)
+        : __e_(__q), __n_(0) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void seed() {__e_.seed(); __n_ = 0;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void seed(result_type __sd) {__e_.seed(__sd); __n_ = 0;}
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        typename enable_if
+        <
+            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, discard_block_engine>::value,
+            void
+        >::type
+        seed(_Sseq& __q) {__e_.seed(__q); __n_ = 0;}
+
+    // generating functions
+    result_type operator()();
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();}
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const _Engine& base() const _NOEXCEPT {return __e_;}
+
+    template<class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp>
+    friend
+    bool
+    operator==(
+        const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x,
+        const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __y);
+
+    template<class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp>
+    friend
+    bool
+    operator!=(
+        const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x,
+        const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __y);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+              class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+               const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+              class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+               discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x);
+};
+
+template<class _Engine, size_t __p, size_t __r>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t discard_block_engine<_Engine, __p, __r>::block_size;
+
+template<class _Engine, size_t __p, size_t __r>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t discard_block_engine<_Engine, __p, __r>::used_block;
+
+template<class _Engine, size_t __p, size_t __r>
+typename discard_block_engine<_Engine, __p, __r>::result_type
+discard_block_engine<_Engine, __p, __r>::operator()()
+{
+    if (__n_ >= static_cast<int>(__r))
+    {
+        __e_.discard(__p - __r);
+        __n_ = 0;
+    }
+    ++__n_;
+    return __e_();
+}
+
+template<class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+operator==(const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x,
+           const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __y)
+{
+    return __x.__n_ == __y.__n_ && __x.__e_ == __y.__e_;
+}
+
+template<class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+operator!=(const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x,
+           const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __y)
+{
+    return !(__x == __y);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _Ostream;
+    __os.flags(_Ostream::dec | _Ostream::left);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    return __os << __x.__e_ << __sp << __x.__n_;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _Eng, size_t _Pp, size_t _Rp>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           discard_block_engine<_Eng, _Pp, _Rp>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    _Eng __e;
+    int __n;
+    __is >> __e >> __n;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+    {
+        __x.__e_ = __e;
+        __x.__n_ = __n;
+    }
+    return __is;
+}
+
+typedef discard_block_engine<ranlux24_base, 223, 23> ranlux24;
+typedef discard_block_engine<ranlux48_base, 389, 11> ranlux48;
+
+// independent_bits_engine
+
+template<class _Engine, size_t __w, class _UIntType>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS independent_bits_engine
+{
+    template <class _UInt, _UInt _R0, size_t _Wp, size_t _Mp>
+    class __get_n
+    {
+        static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _Dt = numeric_limits<_UInt>::digits;
+        static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _Np = _Wp / _Mp + (_Wp % _Mp != 0);
+        static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _W0 = _Wp / _Np;
+        static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _UInt _Y0 = _W0 >= _Dt ? 0 : (_R0 >> _W0) << _W0;
+    public:
+        static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t value = _R0 - _Y0 > _Y0 / _Np ? _Np + 1 : _Np;
+    };
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _UIntType result_type;
+
+private:
+    _Engine __e_;
+
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Dt = numeric_limits<result_type>::digits;
+    static_assert(  0 <  __w, "independent_bits_engine invalid parameters");
+    static_assert(__w <= _Dt, "independent_bits_engine invalid parameters");
+
+    typedef typename _Engine::result_type _Engine_result_type;
+    typedef typename conditional
+        <
+            sizeof(_Engine_result_type) <= sizeof(result_type),
+                result_type,
+                _Engine_result_type
+        >::type _Working_result_type;
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    static const _Working_result_type _Rp = _Engine::_Max - _Engine::_Min
+                                          + _Working_result_type(1);
+#else
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _Working_result_type _Rp = _Engine::max() - _Engine::min()
+                                                            + _Working_result_type(1);
+#endif
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t __m = __log2<_Working_result_type, _Rp>::value;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t __n = __get_n<_Working_result_type, _Rp, __w, __m>::value;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t __w0 = __w / __n;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t __n0 = __n - __w % __n;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _WDt = numeric_limits<_Working_result_type>::digits;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t _EDt = numeric_limits<_Engine_result_type>::digits;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _Working_result_type __y0 = __w0 >= _WDt ? 0 :
+                                                               (_Rp >> __w0) << __w0;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _Working_result_type __y1 = __w0 >= _WDt - 1 ? 0 :
+                                                               (_Rp >> (__w0+1)) << (__w0+1);
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _Engine_result_type __mask0 = __w0 > 0 ?
+                                _Engine_result_type(~0) >> (_EDt - __w0) :
+                                _Engine_result_type(0);
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const _Engine_result_type __mask1 = __w0 < _EDt - 1 ?
+                                _Engine_result_type(~0) >> (_EDt - (__w0 + 1)) :
+                                _Engine_result_type(~0);
+public:
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = 0;
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
+#pragma warning( push )
+#pragma warning( disable: 4293 )
+#endif // _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = __w == _Dt ? result_type(~0) :
+                                                      (result_type(1) << __w) - result_type(1);
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
+#pragma warning( pop )
+#endif // _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
+
+    static_assert(_Min < _Max, "independent_bits_engine invalid parameters");
+
+    // engine characteristics
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Min; }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Max; }
+
+    // constructors and seeding functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    independent_bits_engine() {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit independent_bits_engine(const _Engine& __e)
+        : __e_(__e) {}
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit independent_bits_engine(_Engine&& __e)
+        : __e_(_VSTD::move(__e)) {}
+#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit independent_bits_engine(result_type __sd) : __e_(__sd) {}
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit independent_bits_engine(_Sseq& __q,
+        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, independent_bits_engine>::value &&
+                           !is_convertible<_Sseq, _Engine>::value>::type* = 0)
+         : __e_(__q) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void seed() {__e_.seed();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void seed(result_type __sd) {__e_.seed(__sd);}
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        typename enable_if
+        <
+            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, independent_bits_engine>::value,
+            void
+        >::type
+        seed(_Sseq& __q) {__e_.seed(__q);}
+
+    // generating functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type operator()() {return __eval(integral_constant<bool, _Rp != 0>());}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();}
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const _Engine& base() const _NOEXCEPT {return __e_;}
+
+    template<class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UInt>
+    friend
+    bool
+    operator==(
+        const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __x,
+        const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __y);
+
+    template<class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UInt>
+    friend
+    bool
+    operator!=(
+        const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __x,
+        const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __y);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+              class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UInt>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+               const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __x);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+              class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UInt>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+               independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __x);
+
+private:
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type __eval(false_type);
+    result_type __eval(true_type);
+
+    template <size_t __count>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        static
+        typename enable_if
+        <
+            __count < _Dt,
+            result_type
+        >::type
+        __lshift(result_type __x) {return __x << __count;}
+
+    template <size_t __count>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        static
+        typename enable_if
+        <
+            (__count >= _Dt),
+            result_type
+        >::type
+        __lshift(result_type) {return result_type(0);}
+};
+
+template<class _Engine, size_t __w, class _UIntType>
+inline
+_UIntType
+independent_bits_engine<_Engine, __w, _UIntType>::__eval(false_type)
+{
+    return static_cast<result_type>(__e_() & __mask0);
+}
+
+template<class _Engine, size_t __w, class _UIntType>
+_UIntType
+independent_bits_engine<_Engine, __w, _UIntType>::__eval(true_type)
+{
+    result_type _Sp = 0;
+    for (size_t __k = 0; __k < __n0; ++__k)
+    {
+        _Engine_result_type __u;
+        do
+        {
+            __u = __e_() - _Engine::min();
+        } while (__u >= __y0);
+        _Sp = static_cast<result_type>(__lshift<__w0>(_Sp) + (__u & __mask0));
+    }
+    for (size_t __k = __n0; __k < __n; ++__k)
+    {
+        _Engine_result_type __u;
+        do
+        {
+            __u = __e_() - _Engine::min();
+        } while (__u >= __y1);
+        _Sp = static_cast<result_type>(__lshift<__w0+1>(_Sp) + (__u & __mask1));
+    }
+    return _Sp;
+}
+
+template<class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UInt>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+operator==(
+    const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __x,
+    const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __y)
+{
+    return __x.base() == __y.base();
+}
+
+template<class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UInt>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+operator!=(
+    const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __x,
+    const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __y)
+{
+    return !(__x == __y);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UInt>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __x)
+{
+    return __os << __x.base();
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _Eng, size_t _Wp, class _UInt>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           independent_bits_engine<_Eng, _Wp, _UInt>& __x)
+{
+    _Eng __e;
+    __is >> __e;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        __x.__e_ = __e;
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// shuffle_order_engine
+
+template <uint64_t _Xp, uint64_t _Yp>
+struct __ugcd
+{
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const uint64_t value = __ugcd<_Yp, _Xp % _Yp>::value;
+};
+
+template <uint64_t _Xp>
+struct __ugcd<_Xp, 0>
+{
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const uint64_t value = _Xp;
+};
+
+template <uint64_t _Np, uint64_t _Dp>
+class __uratio
+{
+    static_assert(_Dp != 0, "__uratio divide by 0");
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const uint64_t __gcd = __ugcd<_Np, _Dp>::value;
+public:
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const uint64_t num = _Np / __gcd;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const uint64_t den = _Dp / __gcd;
+
+    typedef __uratio<num, den> type;
+};
+
+template<class _Engine, size_t __k>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS shuffle_order_engine
+{
+    static_assert(0 < __k, "shuffle_order_engine invalid parameters");
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef typename _Engine::result_type result_type;
+
+private:
+    _Engine __e_;
+    result_type _V_[__k];
+    result_type _Y_;
+
+public:
+    // engine characteristics
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t table_size = __k;
+
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    static const result_type _Min = _Engine::_Min;
+    static const result_type _Max = _Engine::_Max;
+#else
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = _Engine::min();
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = _Engine::max();
+#endif
+    static_assert(_Min < _Max, "shuffle_order_engine invalid parameters");
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Min; }
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Max; }
+
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const unsigned long long _Rp = _Max - _Min + 1ull;
+
+    // constructors and seeding functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    shuffle_order_engine() {__init();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit shuffle_order_engine(const _Engine& __e)
+        : __e_(__e) {__init();}
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit shuffle_order_engine(_Engine&& __e)
+        : __e_(_VSTD::move(__e)) {__init();}
+#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit shuffle_order_engine(result_type __sd) : __e_(__sd) {__init();}
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit shuffle_order_engine(_Sseq& __q,
+        typename enable_if<__is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, shuffle_order_engine>::value &&
+                           !is_convertible<_Sseq, _Engine>::value>::type* = 0)
+         : __e_(__q) {__init();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void seed() {__e_.seed(); __init();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void seed(result_type __sd) {__e_.seed(__sd); __init();}
+    template<class _Sseq>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        typename enable_if
+        <
+            __is_seed_sequence<_Sseq, shuffle_order_engine>::value,
+            void
+        >::type
+        seed(_Sseq& __q) {__e_.seed(__q); __init();}
+
+    // generating functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type operator()() {return __eval(integral_constant<bool, _Rp != 0>());}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void discard(unsigned long long __z) {for (; __z; --__z) operator()();}
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const _Engine& base() const _NOEXCEPT {return __e_;}
+
+private:
+    template<class _Eng, size_t _Kp>
+    friend
+    bool
+    operator==(
+        const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x,
+        const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __y);
+
+    template<class _Eng, size_t _Kp>
+    friend
+    bool
+    operator!=(
+        const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x,
+        const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __y);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+              class _Eng, size_t _Kp>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+               const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+              class _Eng, size_t _Kp>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+               shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x);
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void __init()
+    {
+        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __k; ++__i)
+            _V_[__i] = __e_();
+        _Y_ = __e_();
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type __eval(false_type) {return __eval2(integral_constant<bool, __k & 1>());}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type __eval(true_type) {return __eval(__uratio<__k, _Rp>());}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type __eval2(false_type) {return __eval(__uratio<__k/2, 0x8000000000000000ull>());}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type __eval2(true_type) {return __evalf<__k, 0>();}
+
+    template <uint64_t _Np, uint64_t _Dp>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        typename enable_if
+        <
+            (__uratio<_Np, _Dp>::num > 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFull / (_Max - _Min)),
+            result_type
+        >::type
+        __eval(__uratio<_Np, _Dp>)
+            {return __evalf<__uratio<_Np, _Dp>::num, __uratio<_Np, _Dp>::den>();}
+
+    template <uint64_t _Np, uint64_t _Dp>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        typename enable_if
+        <
+            __uratio<_Np, _Dp>::num <= 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFull / (_Max - _Min),
+            result_type
+        >::type
+        __eval(__uratio<_Np, _Dp>)
+        {
+            const size_t __j = static_cast<size_t>(__uratio<_Np, _Dp>::num * (_Y_ - _Min)
+                                                   / __uratio<_Np, _Dp>::den);
+            _Y_ = _V_[__j];
+            _V_[__j] = __e_();
+            return _Y_;
+        }
+
+    template <uint64_t __n, uint64_t __d>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type __evalf()
+        {
+            const double _Fp = __d == 0 ?
+                __n / (2. * 0x8000000000000000ull) :
+                __n / (double)__d;
+            const size_t __j = static_cast<size_t>(_Fp * (_Y_ - _Min));
+            _Y_ = _V_[__j];
+            _V_[__j] = __e_();
+            return _Y_;
+        }
+};
+
+template<class _Engine, size_t __k>
+    _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const size_t shuffle_order_engine<_Engine, __k>::table_size;
+
+template<class _Eng, size_t _Kp>
+bool
+operator==(
+    const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x,
+    const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __y)
+{
+    return __x._Y_ == __y._Y_ && _VSTD::equal(__x._V_, __x._V_ + _Kp, __y._V_) &&
+           __x.__e_ == __y.__e_;
+}
+
+template<class _Eng, size_t _Kp>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+operator!=(
+    const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x,
+    const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __y)
+{
+    return !(__x == __y);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _Eng, size_t _Kp>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _Ostream;
+    __os.flags(_Ostream::dec | _Ostream::left);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    __os << __x.__e_ << __sp << __x._V_[0];
+    for (size_t __i = 1; __i < _Kp; ++__i)
+        __os << __sp << __x._V_[__i];
+    return __os << __sp << __x._Y_;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits,
+          class _Eng, size_t _Kp>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>& __x)
+{
+    typedef typename shuffle_order_engine<_Eng, _Kp>::result_type result_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    _Eng __e;
+    result_type _Vp[_Kp+1];
+    __is >> __e;
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Kp+1; ++__i)
+        __is >> _Vp[__i];
+    if (!__is.fail())
+    {
+        __x.__e_ = __e;
+        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < _Kp; ++__i)
+            __x._V_[__i] = _Vp[__i];
+        __x._Y_ = _Vp[_Kp];
+    }
+    return __is;
+}
+
+typedef shuffle_order_engine<minstd_rand0, 256>                         knuth_b;
+
+// random_device
+
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RANDOM_DEVICE)
+
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS random_device
+{
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_USING_DEV_RANDOM
+    int __f_;
+#endif // defined(_LIBCPP_USING_DEV_RANDOM)
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef unsigned result_type;
+
+    // generator characteristics
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Min = 0;
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR const result_type _Max = 0xFFFFFFFFu;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type min() { return _Min;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR result_type max() { return _Max;}
+
+    // constructors
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    random_device() : random_device("/dev/urandom") {}
+    explicit random_device(const string& __token);
+#else
+    explicit random_device(const string& __token = "/dev/urandom");
+#endif
+    ~random_device();
+
+    // generating functions
+    result_type operator()();
+
+    // property functions
+    double entropy() const _NOEXCEPT;
+
+private:
+    // no copy functions
+    random_device(const random_device&); // = delete;
+    random_device& operator=(const random_device&); // = delete;
+};
+
+#endif // !_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_RANDOM_DEVICE
+
+// seed_seq
+
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS seed_seq
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef uint32_t result_type;
+
+private:
+    vector<result_type> __v_;
+
+    template<class _InputIterator>
+        void init(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last);
+public:
+    // constructors
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    seed_seq() _NOEXCEPT {}
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    template<class _Tp>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        seed_seq(initializer_list<_Tp> __il) {init(__il.begin(), __il.end());}
+#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+
+    template<class _InputIterator>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        seed_seq(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
+             {init(__first, __last);}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _RandomAccessIterator>
+        void generate(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last);
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    size_t size() const _NOEXCEPT {return __v_.size();}
+    template<class _OutputIterator>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        void param(_OutputIterator __dest) const
+            {_VSTD::copy(__v_.begin(), __v_.end(), __dest);}
+
+private:
+    // no copy functions
+    seed_seq(const seed_seq&); // = delete;
+    void operator=(const seed_seq&); // = delete;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    static result_type _Tp(result_type __x) {return __x ^ (__x >> 27);}
+};
+
+template<class _InputIterator>
+void
+seed_seq::init(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
+{
+    for (_InputIterator __s = __first; __s != __last; ++__s)
+        __v_.push_back(*__s & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+}
+
+template<class _RandomAccessIterator>
+void
+seed_seq::generate(_RandomAccessIterator __first, _RandomAccessIterator __last)
+{
+    if (__first != __last)
+    {
+        _VSTD::fill(__first, __last, 0x8b8b8b8b);
+        const size_t __n = static_cast<size_t>(__last - __first);
+        const size_t __s = __v_.size();
+        const size_t __t = (__n >= 623) ? 11
+                         : (__n >= 68) ? 7
+                         : (__n >= 39) ? 5
+                         : (__n >= 7)  ? 3
+                         : (__n - 1) / 2;
+        const size_t __p = (__n - __t) / 2;
+        const size_t __q = __p + __t;
+        const size_t __m = _VSTD::max(__s + 1, __n);
+        // __k = 0;
+        {
+            result_type __r = 1664525 * _Tp(__first[0] ^ __first[__p]
+                                                      ^  __first[__n - 1]);
+            __first[__p] += __r;
+            __r += __s;
+            __first[__q] += __r;
+            __first[0] = __r;
+        }
+        for (size_t __k = 1; __k <= __s; ++__k)
+        {
+            const size_t __kmodn = __k % __n;
+            const size_t __kpmodn = (__k + __p) % __n;
+            result_type __r = 1664525 * _Tp(__first[__kmodn] ^ __first[__kpmodn]
+                                           ^ __first[(__k - 1) % __n]);
+            __first[__kpmodn] += __r;
+            __r +=  __kmodn + __v_[__k-1];
+            __first[(__k + __q) % __n] += __r;
+            __first[__kmodn] = __r;
+        }
+        for (size_t __k = __s + 1; __k < __m; ++__k)
+        {
+            const size_t __kmodn = __k % __n;
+            const size_t __kpmodn = (__k + __p) % __n;
+            result_type __r = 1664525 * _Tp(__first[__kmodn] ^ __first[__kpmodn]
+                                           ^ __first[(__k - 1) % __n]);
+            __first[__kpmodn] += __r;
+            __r +=  __kmodn;
+            __first[(__k + __q) % __n] += __r;
+            __first[__kmodn] = __r;
+        }
+        for (size_t __k = __m; __k < __m + __n; ++__k)
+        {
+            const size_t __kmodn = __k % __n;
+            const size_t __kpmodn = (__k + __p) % __n;
+            result_type __r = 1566083941 * _Tp(__first[__kmodn] +
+                                              __first[__kpmodn] +
+                                              __first[(__k - 1) % __n]);
+            __first[__kpmodn] ^= __r;
+            __r -= __kmodn;
+            __first[(__k + __q) % __n] ^= __r;
+            __first[__kmodn] = __r;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// generate_canonical
+
+template<class _RealType, size_t __bits, class _URNG>
+_RealType
+generate_canonical(_URNG& __g)
+{
+    const size_t _Dt = numeric_limits<_RealType>::digits;
+    const size_t __b = _Dt < __bits ? _Dt : __bits;
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    const size_t __logR = __log2<uint64_t, _URNG::_Max - _URNG::_Min + uint64_t(1)>::value;
+#else
+    const size_t __logR = __log2<uint64_t, _URNG::max() - _URNG::min() + uint64_t(1)>::value;
+#endif
+    const size_t __k = __b / __logR + (__b % __logR != 0) + (__b == 0);
+    const _RealType _Rp = static_cast<_RealType>(_URNG::max() - _URNG::min()) + _RealType(1);
+    _RealType __base = _Rp;
+    _RealType _Sp = __g() - _URNG::min();
+    for (size_t __i = 1; __i < __k; ++__i, __base *= _Rp)
+        _Sp += (__g() - _URNG::min()) * __base;
+    return _Sp / __base;
+}
+
+// uniform_real_distribution
+
+template<class _RealType = double>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS uniform_real_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _RealType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        result_type __a_;
+        result_type __b_;
+    public:
+        typedef uniform_real_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit param_type(result_type __a = 0,
+                            result_type __b = 1)
+            : __a_(__a), __b_(__b) {}
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type a() const {return __a_;}
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type b() const {return __b_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__a_ == __y.__a_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructors and reset functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    uniform_real_distribution() : uniform_real_distribution(0) {}
+    explicit uniform_real_distribution(result_type __a, result_type __b = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {}
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit uniform_real_distribution(result_type __a = 0, result_type __b = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {}
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit uniform_real_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG> _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type a() const {return __p_.a();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type b() const {return __p_.b();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return a();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return b();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const uniform_real_distribution& __x,
+                        const uniform_real_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const uniform_real_distribution& __x,
+                        const uniform_real_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+};
+
+template<class _RealType>
+template<class _URNG>
+inline
+typename uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::result_type
+uniform_real_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
+{
+    return (__p.b() - __p.a())
+        * _VSTD::generate_canonical<_RealType, numeric_limits<_RealType>::digits>(__g)
+        + __p.a();
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const uniform_real_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    return __os << __x.a() << __sp << __x.b();
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           uniform_real_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    typedef uniform_real_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
+    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    result_type __a;
+    result_type __b;
+    __is >> __a >> __b;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        __x.param(param_type(__a, __b));
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// bernoulli_distribution
+
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS bernoulli_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef bool result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        double __p_;
+    public:
+        typedef bernoulli_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit param_type(double __p = 0.5) : __p_(__p) {}
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        double p() const {return __p_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructors and reset functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bernoulli_distribution() : bernoulli_distribution(0.5) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit bernoulli_distribution(double __p) : __p_(param_type(__p)) {}
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit bernoulli_distribution(double __p = 0.5) : __p_(param_type(__p)) {}
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit bernoulli_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG> _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    double p() const {return __p_.p();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return false;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return true;}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const bernoulli_distribution& __x,
+                        const bernoulli_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const bernoulli_distribution& __x,
+                        const bernoulli_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+};
+
+template<class _URNG>
+inline
+bernoulli_distribution::result_type
+bernoulli_distribution::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
+{
+    uniform_real_distribution<double> __gen;
+    return __gen(__g) < __p.p();
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, const bernoulli_distribution& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    return __os << __x.p();
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, bernoulli_distribution& __x)
+{
+    typedef bernoulli_distribution _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    double __p;
+    __is >> __p;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        __x.param(param_type(__p));
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// binomial_distribution
+
+template<class _IntType = int>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS binomial_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _IntType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        result_type __t_;
+        double __p_;
+        double __pr_;
+        double __odds_ratio_;
+        result_type __r0_;
+    public:
+        typedef binomial_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(result_type __t = 1, double __p = 0.5);
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type t() const {return __t_;}
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        double p() const {return __p_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__t_ == __y.__t_ && __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+
+        friend class binomial_distribution;
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructors and reset functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    binomial_distribution() : binomial_distribution(1) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit binomial_distribution(result_type __t, double __p = 0.5)
+        : __p_(param_type(__t, __p)) {}
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit binomial_distribution(result_type __t = 1, double __p = 0.5)
+        : __p_(param_type(__t, __p)) {}
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit binomial_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type t() const {return __p_.t();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    double p() const {return __p_.p();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return 0;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return t();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const binomial_distribution& __x,
+                        const binomial_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const binomial_distribution& __x,
+                        const binomial_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+};
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_MSVCRT_LIKE
+extern "C" double lgamma_r(double, int *);
+#endif
+
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY double __libcpp_lgamma(double __d) {
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT_LIKE)
+  return lgamma(__d);
+#else
+  int __sign;
+  return lgamma_r(__d, &__sign);
+#endif
+}
+
+template<class _IntType>
+binomial_distribution<_IntType>::param_type::param_type(result_type __t, double __p)
+    : __t_(__t), __p_(__p)
+{
+    if (0 < __p_ && __p_ < 1)
+    {
+        __r0_ = static_cast<result_type>((__t_ + 1) * __p_);
+        __pr_ = _VSTD::exp(__libcpp_lgamma(__t_ + 1.) -
+                           __libcpp_lgamma(__r0_ + 1.) -
+                           __libcpp_lgamma(__t_ - __r0_ + 1.) + __r0_ * _VSTD::log(__p_) +
+                           (__t_ - __r0_) * _VSTD::log(1 - __p_));
+        __odds_ratio_ = __p_ / (1 - __p_);
+    }
+}
+
+// Reference: Kemp, C.D. (1986). `A modal method for generating binomial
+//           variables', Commun. Statist. - Theor. Meth. 15(3), 805-813.
+template<class _IntType>
+template<class _URNG>
+_IntType
+binomial_distribution<_IntType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __pr)
+{
+    if (__pr.__t_ == 0 || __pr.__p_ == 0)
+        return 0;
+    if (__pr.__p_ == 1)
+        return __pr.__t_;
+    uniform_real_distribution<double> __gen;
+    double __u = __gen(__g) - __pr.__pr_;
+    if (__u < 0)
+        return __pr.__r0_;
+    double __pu = __pr.__pr_;
+    double __pd = __pu;
+    result_type __ru = __pr.__r0_;
+    result_type __rd = __ru;
+    while (true)
+    {
+        bool __break = true;
+        if (__rd >= 1)
+        {
+            __pd *= __rd / (__pr.__odds_ratio_ * (__pr.__t_ - __rd + 1));
+            __u -= __pd;
+            __break = false;
+            if (__u < 0)
+                return __rd - 1;
+        }
+        if ( __rd != 0 )
+            --__rd;
+        ++__ru;
+        if (__ru <= __pr.__t_)
+        {
+            __pu *= (__pr.__t_ - __ru + 1) * __pr.__odds_ratio_ / __ru;
+            __u -= __pu;
+            __break = false;
+            if (__u < 0)
+                return __ru;
+        }
+        if (__break)
+            return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const binomial_distribution<_IntType>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    return __os << __x.t() << __sp << __x.p();
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           binomial_distribution<_IntType>& __x)
+{
+    typedef binomial_distribution<_IntType> _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
+    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    result_type __t;
+    double __p;
+    __is >> __t >> __p;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        __x.param(param_type(__t, __p));
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// exponential_distribution
+
+template<class _RealType = double>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS exponential_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _RealType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        result_type __lambda_;
+    public:
+        typedef exponential_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit param_type(result_type __lambda = 1) : __lambda_(__lambda) {}
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type lambda() const {return __lambda_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__lambda_ == __y.__lambda_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructors and reset functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    exponential_distribution() : exponential_distribution(1) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit exponential_distribution(result_type __lambda)
+        : __p_(param_type(__lambda)) {}
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit exponential_distribution(result_type __lambda = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__lambda)) {}
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit exponential_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type lambda() const {return __p_.lambda();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return 0;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const exponential_distribution& __x,
+                        const exponential_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const exponential_distribution& __x,
+                        const exponential_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+};
+
+template <class _RealType>
+template<class _URNG>
+_RealType
+exponential_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
+{
+    return -_VSTD::log
+                  (
+                      result_type(1) -
+                      _VSTD::generate_canonical<result_type,
+                                       numeric_limits<result_type>::digits>(__g)
+                  )
+                  / __p.lambda();
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RealType>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const exponential_distribution<_RealType>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    return __os << __x.lambda();
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RealType>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           exponential_distribution<_RealType>& __x)
+{
+    typedef exponential_distribution<_RealType> _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
+    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    result_type __lambda;
+    __is >> __lambda;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        __x.param(param_type(__lambda));
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// normal_distribution
+
+template<class _RealType = double>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS normal_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _RealType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        result_type __mean_;
+        result_type __stddev_;
+    public:
+        typedef normal_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit param_type(result_type __mean = 0, result_type __stddev = 1)
+            : __mean_(__mean), __stddev_(__stddev) {}
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type mean() const {return __mean_;}
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type stddev() const {return __stddev_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__mean_ == __y.__mean_ && __x.__stddev_ == __y.__stddev_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+    result_type _V_;
+    bool _V_hot_;
+
+public:
+    // constructors and reset functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    normal_distribution() : normal_distribution(0) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit normal_distribution(result_type __mean, result_type __stddev = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__mean, __stddev)), _V_hot_(false) {}
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit normal_distribution(result_type __mean = 0,
+                                 result_type __stddev = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__mean, __stddev)), _V_hot_(false) {}
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit normal_distribution(const param_type& __p)
+        : __p_(__p), _V_hot_(false) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {_V_hot_ = false;}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type mean() const {return __p_.mean();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type stddev() const {return __p_.stddev();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return -numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const normal_distribution& __x,
+                        const normal_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_ && __x._V_hot_ == __y._V_hot_ &&
+                (!__x._V_hot_ || __x._V_ == __y._V_);}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const normal_distribution& __x,
+                        const normal_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+               const normal_distribution<_RT>& __x);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+               normal_distribution<_RT>& __x);
+};
+
+template <class _RealType>
+template<class _URNG>
+_RealType
+normal_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
+{
+    result_type _Up;
+    if (_V_hot_)
+    {
+        _V_hot_ = false;
+        _Up = _V_;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        uniform_real_distribution<result_type> _Uni(-1, 1);
+        result_type __u;
+        result_type __v;
+        result_type __s;
+        do
+        {
+            __u = _Uni(__g);
+            __v = _Uni(__g);
+            __s = __u * __u + __v * __v;
+        } while (__s > 1 || __s == 0);
+        result_type _Fp = _VSTD::sqrt(-2 * _VSTD::log(__s) / __s);
+        _V_ = __v * _Fp;
+        _V_hot_ = true;
+        _Up = __u * _Fp;
+    }
+    return _Up * __p.stddev() + __p.mean();
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const normal_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    __os << __x.mean() << __sp << __x.stddev() << __sp << __x._V_hot_;
+    if (__x._V_hot_)
+        __os << __sp << __x._V_;
+    return __os;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           normal_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    typedef normal_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
+    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    result_type __mean;
+    result_type __stddev;
+    result_type _Vp = 0;
+    bool _V_hot = false;
+    __is >> __mean >> __stddev >> _V_hot;
+    if (_V_hot)
+        __is >> _Vp;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+    {
+        __x.param(param_type(__mean, __stddev));
+        __x._V_hot_ = _V_hot;
+        __x._V_ = _Vp;
+    }
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// lognormal_distribution
+
+template<class _RealType = double>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS lognormal_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _RealType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        normal_distribution<result_type> __nd_;
+    public:
+        typedef lognormal_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit param_type(result_type __m = 0, result_type __s = 1)
+            : __nd_(__m, __s) {}
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type m() const {return __nd_.mean();}
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type s() const {return __nd_.stddev();}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__nd_ == __y.__nd_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+        friend class lognormal_distribution;
+
+        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+        friend
+        basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+        operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+                   const lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x);
+
+        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+        friend
+        basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+        operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+                   lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x);
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructor and reset functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    lognormal_distribution() : lognormal_distribution(0) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit lognormal_distribution(result_type __m, result_type __s = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__m, __s)) {}
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit lognormal_distribution(result_type __m = 0,
+                                    result_type __s = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__m, __s)) {}
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit lognormal_distribution(const param_type& __p)
+        : __p_(__p) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {__p_.__nd_.reset();}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
+        {return _VSTD::exp(const_cast<normal_distribution<result_type>&>(__p.__nd_)(__g));}
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type m() const {return __p_.m();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type s() const {return __p_.s();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return 0;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const lognormal_distribution& __x,
+                        const lognormal_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const lognormal_distribution& __x,
+                        const lognormal_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+               const lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+               lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x);
+};
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    return __os << __x.__p_.__nd_;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           lognormal_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    return __is >> __x.__p_.__nd_;
+}
+
+// poisson_distribution
+
+template<class _IntType = int>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS poisson_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _IntType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        double __mean_;
+        double __s_;
+        double __d_;
+        double __l_;
+        double __omega_;
+        double __c0_;
+        double __c1_;
+        double __c2_;
+        double __c3_;
+        double __c_;
+
+    public:
+        typedef poisson_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        explicit param_type(double __mean = 1.0);
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        double mean() const {return __mean_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__mean_ == __y.__mean_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+
+        friend class poisson_distribution;
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructors and reset functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    poisson_distribution() : poisson_distribution(1.0) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit poisson_distribution(double __mean)
+        : __p_(__mean) {}
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit poisson_distribution(double __mean = 1.0)
+        : __p_(__mean) {}
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit poisson_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    double mean() const {return __p_.mean();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return 0;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::max();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const poisson_distribution& __x,
+                        const poisson_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const poisson_distribution& __x,
+                        const poisson_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+};
+
+template<class _IntType>
+poisson_distribution<_IntType>::param_type::param_type(double __mean)
+    // According to the standard `inf` is a valid input, but it causes the
+    // distribution to hang, so we replace it with the maximum representable
+    // mean.
+    : __mean_(isinf(__mean) ? numeric_limits<double>::max() : __mean)
+{
+    if (__mean_ < 10)
+    {
+        __s_ = 0;
+        __d_ = 0;
+        __l_ = _VSTD::exp(-__mean_);
+        __omega_ = 0;
+        __c3_ = 0;
+        __c2_ = 0;
+        __c1_ = 0;
+        __c0_ = 0;
+        __c_ = 0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        __s_ = _VSTD::sqrt(__mean_);
+        __d_ = 6 * __mean_ * __mean_;
+        __l_ = _VSTD::trunc(__mean_ - 1.1484);
+        __omega_ = .3989423 / __s_;
+        double __b1_ = .4166667E-1 / __mean_;
+        double __b2_ = .3 * __b1_ * __b1_;
+        __c3_ = .1428571 * __b1_ * __b2_;
+        __c2_ = __b2_ - 15. * __c3_;
+        __c1_ = __b1_ - 6. * __b2_ + 45. * __c3_;
+        __c0_ = 1. - __b1_ + 3. * __b2_ - 15. * __c3_;
+        __c_ = .1069 / __mean_;
+    }
+}
+
+template <class _IntType>
+template<class _URNG>
+_IntType
+poisson_distribution<_IntType>::operator()(_URNG& __urng, const param_type& __pr)
+{
+    double __tx;
+    uniform_real_distribution<double> __urd;
+    if (__pr.__mean_ < 10)
+    {
+         __tx = 0;
+        for (double __p = __urd(__urng); __p > __pr.__l_; ++__tx)
+            __p *= __urd(__urng);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        double __difmuk;
+        double __g = __pr.__mean_ + __pr.__s_ * normal_distribution<double>()(__urng);
+        double __u;
+        if (__g > 0)
+        {
+            __tx = _VSTD::trunc(__g);
+            if (__tx >= __pr.__l_)
+                return _VSTD::__clamp_to_integral<result_type>(__tx);
+            __difmuk = __pr.__mean_ - __tx;
+            __u = __urd(__urng);
+            if (__pr.__d_ * __u >= __difmuk * __difmuk * __difmuk)
+                return _VSTD::__clamp_to_integral<result_type>(__tx);
+        }
+        exponential_distribution<double> __edist;
+        for (bool __using_exp_dist = false; true; __using_exp_dist = true)
+        {
+            double __e;
+            if (__using_exp_dist || __g <= 0)
+            {
+                double __t;
+                do
+                {
+                    __e = __edist(__urng);
+                    __u = __urd(__urng);
+                    __u += __u - 1;
+                    __t = 1.8 + (__u < 0 ? -__e : __e);
+                } while (__t <= -.6744);
+                __tx = _VSTD::trunc(__pr.__mean_ + __pr.__s_ * __t);
+                __difmuk = __pr.__mean_ - __tx;
+                __using_exp_dist = true;
+            }
+            double __px;
+            double __py;
+            if (__tx < 10 && __tx >= 0)
+            {
+                const double __fac[] = {1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120, 720, 5040,
+                                             40320, 362880};
+                __px = -__pr.__mean_;
+                __py = _VSTD::pow(__pr.__mean_, (double)__tx) / __fac[static_cast<int>(__tx)];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                double __del = .8333333E-1 / __tx;
+                __del -= 4.8 * __del * __del * __del;
+                double __v = __difmuk / __tx;
+                if (_VSTD::abs(__v) > 0.25)
+                    __px = __tx * _VSTD::log(1 + __v) - __difmuk - __del;
+                else
+                    __px = __tx * __v * __v * (((((((.1250060 * __v + -.1384794) *
+                           __v + .1421878) * __v + -.1661269) * __v + .2000118) *
+                           __v + -.2500068) * __v + .3333333) * __v + -.5) - __del;
+                __py = .3989423 / _VSTD::sqrt(__tx);
+            }
+            double __r = (0.5 - __difmuk) / __pr.__s_;
+            double __r2 = __r * __r;
+            double __fx = -0.5 * __r2;
+            double __fy = __pr.__omega_ * (((__pr.__c3_ * __r2 + __pr.__c2_) *
+                                        __r2 + __pr.__c1_) * __r2 + __pr.__c0_);
+            if (__using_exp_dist)
+            {
+                if (__pr.__c_ * _VSTD::abs(__u) <= __py * _VSTD::exp(__px + __e) -
+                                                   __fy * _VSTD::exp(__fx + __e))
+                    break;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (__fy - __u * __fy <= __py * _VSTD::exp(__px - __fx))
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return _VSTD::__clamp_to_integral<result_type>(__tx);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const poisson_distribution<_IntType>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    return __os << __x.mean();
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           poisson_distribution<_IntType>& __x)
+{
+    typedef poisson_distribution<_IntType> _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    double __mean;
+    __is >> __mean;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        __x.param(param_type(__mean));
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// weibull_distribution
+
+template<class _RealType = double>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS weibull_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _RealType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        result_type __a_;
+        result_type __b_;
+    public:
+        typedef weibull_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit param_type(result_type __a = 1, result_type __b = 1)
+            : __a_(__a), __b_(__b) {}
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type a() const {return __a_;}
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type b() const {return __b_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__a_ == __y.__a_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructor and reset functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    weibull_distribution() : weibull_distribution(1) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit weibull_distribution(result_type __a, result_type __b = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {}
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit weibull_distribution(result_type __a = 1, result_type __b = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {}
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit weibull_distribution(const param_type& __p)
+        : __p_(__p) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
+        {return __p.b() *
+            _VSTD::pow(exponential_distribution<result_type>()(__g), 1/__p.a());}
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type a() const {return __p_.a();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type b() const {return __p_.b();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return 0;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const weibull_distribution& __x,
+                        const weibull_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const weibull_distribution& __x,
+                        const weibull_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+};
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const weibull_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    __os << __x.a() << __sp << __x.b();
+    return __os;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           weibull_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    typedef weibull_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
+    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    result_type __a;
+    result_type __b;
+    __is >> __a >> __b;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        __x.param(param_type(__a, __b));
+    return __is;
+}
+
+template<class _RealType = double>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS extreme_value_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _RealType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        result_type __a_;
+        result_type __b_;
+    public:
+        typedef extreme_value_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit param_type(result_type __a = 0, result_type __b = 1)
+            : __a_(__a), __b_(__b) {}
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type a() const {return __a_;}
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type b() const {return __b_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__a_ == __y.__a_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructor and reset functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    extreme_value_distribution() : extreme_value_distribution(0) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit extreme_value_distribution(result_type __a, result_type __b = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {}
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit extreme_value_distribution(result_type __a = 0,
+                                        result_type __b = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {}
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit extreme_value_distribution(const param_type& __p)
+        : __p_(__p) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type a() const {return __p_.a();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type b() const {return __p_.b();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return -numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const extreme_value_distribution& __x,
+                        const extreme_value_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const extreme_value_distribution& __x,
+                        const extreme_value_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+};
+
+template<class _RealType>
+template<class _URNG>
+_RealType
+extreme_value_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
+{
+    return __p.a() - __p.b() *
+         _VSTD::log(-_VSTD::log(1-uniform_real_distribution<result_type>()(__g)));
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const extreme_value_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    __os << __x.a() << __sp << __x.b();
+    return __os;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           extreme_value_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    typedef extreme_value_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
+    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    result_type __a;
+    result_type __b;
+    __is >> __a >> __b;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        __x.param(param_type(__a, __b));
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// gamma_distribution
+
+template<class _RealType = double>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS gamma_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _RealType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        result_type __alpha_;
+        result_type __beta_;
+    public:
+        typedef gamma_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit param_type(result_type __alpha = 1, result_type __beta = 1)
+            : __alpha_(__alpha), __beta_(__beta) {}
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type alpha() const {return __alpha_;}
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type beta() const {return __beta_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__alpha_ == __y.__alpha_ && __x.__beta_ == __y.__beta_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructors and reset functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    gamma_distribution() : gamma_distribution(1) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit gamma_distribution(result_type __alpha, result_type __beta = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__alpha, __beta)) {}
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit gamma_distribution(result_type __alpha = 1,
+                                result_type __beta = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__alpha, __beta)) {}
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit gamma_distribution(const param_type& __p)
+        : __p_(__p) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type alpha() const {return __p_.alpha();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type beta() const {return __p_.beta();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return 0;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const gamma_distribution& __x,
+                        const gamma_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const gamma_distribution& __x,
+                        const gamma_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+};
+
+template <class _RealType>
+template<class _URNG>
+_RealType
+gamma_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
+{
+    result_type __a = __p.alpha();
+    uniform_real_distribution<result_type> __gen(0, 1);
+    exponential_distribution<result_type> __egen;
+    result_type __x;
+    if (__a == 1)
+        __x = __egen(__g);
+    else if (__a > 1)
+    {
+        const result_type __b = __a - 1;
+        const result_type __c = 3 * __a - result_type(0.75);
+        while (true)
+        {
+            const result_type __u = __gen(__g);
+            const result_type __v = __gen(__g);
+            const result_type __w = __u * (1 - __u);
+            if (__w != 0)
+            {
+                const result_type __y = _VSTD::sqrt(__c / __w) *
+                                        (__u - result_type(0.5));
+                __x = __b + __y;
+                if (__x >= 0)
+                {
+                    const result_type __z = 64 * __w * __w * __w * __v * __v;
+                    if (__z <= 1 - 2 * __y * __y / __x)
+                        break;
+                    if (_VSTD::log(__z) <= 2 * (__b * _VSTD::log(__x / __b) - __y))
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else  // __a < 1
+    {
+        while (true)
+        {
+            const result_type __u = __gen(__g);
+            const result_type __es = __egen(__g);
+            if (__u <= 1 - __a)
+            {
+                __x = _VSTD::pow(__u, 1 / __a);
+                if (__x <= __es)
+                    break;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                const result_type __e = -_VSTD::log((1-__u)/__a);
+                __x = _VSTD::pow(1 - __a + __a * __e, 1 / __a);
+                if (__x <= __e + __es)
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return __x * __p.beta();
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const gamma_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    __os << __x.alpha() << __sp << __x.beta();
+    return __os;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           gamma_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    typedef gamma_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
+    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    result_type __alpha;
+    result_type __beta;
+    __is >> __alpha >> __beta;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        __x.param(param_type(__alpha, __beta));
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// negative_binomial_distribution
+
+template<class _IntType = int>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS negative_binomial_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _IntType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        result_type __k_;
+        double __p_;
+    public:
+        typedef negative_binomial_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit param_type(result_type __k = 1, double __p = 0.5)
+            : __k_(__k), __p_(__p) {}
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type k() const {return __k_;}
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        double p() const {return __p_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__k_ == __y.__k_ && __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructor and reset functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    negative_binomial_distribution() : negative_binomial_distribution(1) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit negative_binomial_distribution(result_type __k, double __p = 0.5)
+        : __p_(__k, __p) {}
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit negative_binomial_distribution(result_type __k = 1,
+                                            double __p = 0.5)
+        : __p_(__k, __p) {}
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit negative_binomial_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type k() const {return __p_.k();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    double p() const {return __p_.p();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return 0;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::max();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const negative_binomial_distribution& __x,
+                        const negative_binomial_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const negative_binomial_distribution& __x,
+                        const negative_binomial_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+};
+
+template <class _IntType>
+template<class _URNG>
+_IntType
+negative_binomial_distribution<_IntType>::operator()(_URNG& __urng, const param_type& __pr)
+{
+    result_type __k = __pr.k();
+    double __p = __pr.p();
+    if (__k <= 21 * __p)
+    {
+        bernoulli_distribution __gen(__p);
+        result_type __f = 0;
+        result_type __s = 0;
+        while (__s < __k)
+        {
+            if (__gen(__urng))
+                ++__s;
+            else
+                ++__f;
+        }
+        return __f;
+    }
+    return poisson_distribution<result_type>(gamma_distribution<double>
+                                            (__k, (1-__p)/__p)(__urng))(__urng);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const negative_binomial_distribution<_IntType>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    return __os << __x.k() << __sp << __x.p();
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           negative_binomial_distribution<_IntType>& __x)
+{
+    typedef negative_binomial_distribution<_IntType> _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
+    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    result_type __k;
+    double __p;
+    __is >> __k >> __p;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        __x.param(param_type(__k, __p));
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// geometric_distribution
+
+template<class _IntType = int>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS geometric_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _IntType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        double __p_;
+    public:
+        typedef geometric_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit param_type(double __p = 0.5) : __p_(__p) {}
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        double p() const {return __p_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructors and reset functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    geometric_distribution() : geometric_distribution(0.5) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit geometric_distribution(double __p)
+        : __p_(__p) {}
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit geometric_distribution(double __p = 0.5)
+        : __p_(__p) {}
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit geometric_distribution(const param_type& __p) : __p_(__p) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
+        {return negative_binomial_distribution<result_type>(1, __p.p())(__g);}
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    double p() const {return __p_.p();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return 0;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::max();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const geometric_distribution& __x,
+                        const geometric_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const geometric_distribution& __x,
+                        const geometric_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+};
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const geometric_distribution<_IntType>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    return __os << __x.p();
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IntType>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           geometric_distribution<_IntType>& __x)
+{
+    typedef geometric_distribution<_IntType> _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    double __p;
+    __is >> __p;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        __x.param(param_type(__p));
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// chi_squared_distribution
+
+template<class _RealType = double>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS chi_squared_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _RealType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        result_type __n_;
+    public:
+        typedef chi_squared_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit param_type(result_type __n = 1) : __n_(__n) {}
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type n() const {return __n_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__n_ == __y.__n_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructor and reset functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    chi_squared_distribution() : chi_squared_distribution(1) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit chi_squared_distribution(result_type __n)
+        : __p_(param_type(__n)) {}
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit chi_squared_distribution(result_type __n = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__n)) {}
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit chi_squared_distribution(const param_type& __p)
+        : __p_(__p) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
+        {return gamma_distribution<result_type>(__p.n() / 2, 2)(__g);}
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type n() const {return __p_.n();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return 0;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const chi_squared_distribution& __x,
+                        const chi_squared_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const chi_squared_distribution& __x,
+                        const chi_squared_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+};
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const chi_squared_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    __os << __x.n();
+    return __os;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           chi_squared_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    typedef chi_squared_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
+    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    result_type __n;
+    __is >> __n;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        __x.param(param_type(__n));
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// cauchy_distribution
+
+template<class _RealType = double>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS cauchy_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _RealType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        result_type __a_;
+        result_type __b_;
+    public:
+        typedef cauchy_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit param_type(result_type __a = 0, result_type __b = 1)
+            : __a_(__a), __b_(__b) {}
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type a() const {return __a_;}
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type b() const {return __b_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__a_ == __y.__a_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructor and reset functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    cauchy_distribution() : cauchy_distribution(0) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit cauchy_distribution(result_type __a, result_type __b = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {}
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit cauchy_distribution(result_type __a = 0, result_type __b = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__a, __b)) {}
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit cauchy_distribution(const param_type& __p)
+        : __p_(__p) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG> _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type a() const {return __p_.a();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type b() const {return __p_.b();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return -numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const cauchy_distribution& __x,
+                        const cauchy_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const cauchy_distribution& __x,
+                        const cauchy_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+};
+
+template <class _RealType>
+template<class _URNG>
+inline
+_RealType
+cauchy_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
+{
+    uniform_real_distribution<result_type> __gen;
+    // purposefully let tan arg get as close to pi/2 as it wants, tan will return a finite
+    return __p.a() + __p.b() * _VSTD::tan(3.1415926535897932384626433832795 * __gen(__g));
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const cauchy_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    __os << __x.a() << __sp << __x.b();
+    return __os;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           cauchy_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    typedef cauchy_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
+    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    result_type __a;
+    result_type __b;
+    __is >> __a >> __b;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        __x.param(param_type(__a, __b));
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// fisher_f_distribution
+
+template<class _RealType = double>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS fisher_f_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _RealType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        result_type __m_;
+        result_type __n_;
+    public:
+        typedef fisher_f_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit param_type(result_type __m = 1, result_type __n = 1)
+            : __m_(__m), __n_(__n) {}
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type m() const {return __m_;}
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type n() const {return __n_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__m_ == __y.__m_ && __x.__n_ == __y.__n_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructor and reset functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    fisher_f_distribution() : fisher_f_distribution(1) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit fisher_f_distribution(result_type __m, result_type __n = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__m, __n)) {}
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit fisher_f_distribution(result_type __m = 1, result_type __n = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__m, __n)) {}
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit fisher_f_distribution(const param_type& __p)
+        : __p_(__p) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type m() const {return __p_.m();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type n() const {return __p_.n();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return 0;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const fisher_f_distribution& __x,
+                        const fisher_f_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const fisher_f_distribution& __x,
+                        const fisher_f_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+};
+
+template <class _RealType>
+template<class _URNG>
+_RealType
+fisher_f_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
+{
+    gamma_distribution<result_type> __gdm(__p.m() * result_type(.5));
+    gamma_distribution<result_type> __gdn(__p.n() * result_type(.5));
+    return __p.n() * __gdm(__g) / (__p.m() * __gdn(__g));
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const fisher_f_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    __os << __x.m() << __sp << __x.n();
+    return __os;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           fisher_f_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    typedef fisher_f_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
+    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    result_type __m;
+    result_type __n;
+    __is >> __m >> __n;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        __x.param(param_type(__m, __n));
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// student_t_distribution
+
+template<class _RealType = double>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS student_t_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _RealType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        result_type __n_;
+    public:
+        typedef student_t_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        explicit param_type(result_type __n = 1) : __n_(__n) {}
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type n() const {return __n_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__n_ == __y.__n_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+    normal_distribution<result_type> __nd_;
+
+public:
+    // constructor and reset functions
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    student_t_distribution() : student_t_distribution(1) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit student_t_distribution(result_type __n)
+        : __p_(param_type(__n)) {}
+#else
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit student_t_distribution(result_type __n = 1)
+        : __p_(param_type(__n)) {}
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit student_t_distribution(const param_type& __p)
+        : __p_(__p) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {__nd_.reset();}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type n() const {return __p_.n();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return -numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return numeric_limits<result_type>::infinity();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const student_t_distribution& __x,
+                        const student_t_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const student_t_distribution& __x,
+                        const student_t_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+};
+
+template <class _RealType>
+template<class _URNG>
+_RealType
+student_t_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
+{
+    gamma_distribution<result_type> __gd(__p.n() * .5, 2);
+    return __nd_(__g) * _VSTD::sqrt(__p.n()/__gd(__g));
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const student_t_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    __os << __x.n();
+    return __os;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           student_t_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    typedef student_t_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
+    typedef typename _Eng::param_type param_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    result_type __n;
+    __is >> __n;
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        __x.param(param_type(__n));
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// discrete_distribution
+
+template<class _IntType = int>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS discrete_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _IntType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        vector<double> __p_;
+    public:
+        typedef discrete_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        param_type() {}
+        template<class _InputIterator>
+            _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            param_type(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l)
+            : __p_(__f, __l) {__init();}
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        param_type(initializer_list<double> __wl)
+            : __p_(__wl.begin(), __wl.end()) {__init();}
+#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+        template<class _UnaryOperation>
+            param_type(size_t __nw, double __xmin, double __xmax,
+                       _UnaryOperation __fw);
+
+        vector<double> probabilities() const;
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+
+    private:
+        void __init();
+
+        friend class discrete_distribution;
+
+        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT>
+        friend
+        basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+        operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+                   const discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x);
+
+        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT>
+        friend
+        basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+        operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+                   discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x);
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructor and reset functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    discrete_distribution() {}
+    template<class _InputIterator>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        discrete_distribution(_InputIterator __f, _InputIterator __l)
+            : __p_(__f, __l) {}
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    discrete_distribution(initializer_list<double> __wl)
+        : __p_(__wl) {}
+#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    template<class _UnaryOperation>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        discrete_distribution(size_t __nw, double __xmin, double __xmax,
+                              _UnaryOperation __fw)
+        : __p_(__nw, __xmin, __xmax, __fw) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit discrete_distribution(const param_type& __p)
+        : __p_(__p) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    vector<double> probabilities() const {return __p_.probabilities();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return 0;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return __p_.__p_.size();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const discrete_distribution& __x,
+                        const discrete_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const discrete_distribution& __x,
+                        const discrete_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+               const discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+               discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x);
+};
+
+template<class _IntType>
+template<class _UnaryOperation>
+discrete_distribution<_IntType>::param_type::param_type(size_t __nw,
+                                                        double __xmin,
+                                                        double __xmax,
+                                                        _UnaryOperation __fw)
+{
+    if (__nw > 1)
+    {
+        __p_.reserve(__nw - 1);
+        double __d = (__xmax - __xmin) / __nw;
+        double __d2 = __d / 2;
+        for (size_t __k = 0; __k < __nw; ++__k)
+            __p_.push_back(__fw(__xmin + __k * __d + __d2));
+        __init();
+    }
+}
+
+template<class _IntType>
+void
+discrete_distribution<_IntType>::param_type::__init()
+{
+    if (!__p_.empty())
+    {
+        if (__p_.size() > 1)
+        {
+            double __s = _VSTD::accumulate(__p_.begin(), __p_.end(), 0.0);
+            for (vector<double>::iterator __i = __p_.begin(), __e = __p_.end(); __i < __e; ++__i)
+                *__i /= __s;
+            vector<double> __t(__p_.size() - 1);
+            _VSTD::partial_sum(__p_.begin(), __p_.end() - 1, __t.begin());
+            swap(__p_, __t);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            __p_.clear();
+            __p_.shrink_to_fit();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+template<class _IntType>
+vector<double>
+discrete_distribution<_IntType>::param_type::probabilities() const
+{
+    size_t __n = __p_.size();
+    vector<double> __p(__n+1);
+    _VSTD::adjacent_difference(__p_.begin(), __p_.end(), __p.begin());
+    if (__n > 0)
+        __p[__n] = 1 - __p_[__n-1];
+    else
+        __p[0] = 1;
+    return __p;
+}
+
+template<class _IntType>
+template<class _URNG>
+_IntType
+discrete_distribution<_IntType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
+{
+    uniform_real_distribution<double> __gen;
+    return static_cast<_IntType>(
+           _VSTD::upper_bound(__p.__p_.begin(), __p.__p_.end(), __gen(__g)) -
+                                                              __p.__p_.begin());
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    size_t __n = __x.__p_.__p_.size();
+    __os << __n;
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__p_[__i];
+    return __os;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _IT>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           discrete_distribution<_IT>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    size_t __n;
+    __is >> __n;
+    vector<double> __p(__n);
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __is >> __p[__i];
+    if (!__is.fail())
+        swap(__x.__p_.__p_, __p);
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// piecewise_constant_distribution
+
+template<class _RealType = double>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS piecewise_constant_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _RealType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        vector<result_type> __b_;
+        vector<result_type> __densities_;
+        vector<result_type> __areas_;
+    public:
+        typedef piecewise_constant_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        param_type();
+        template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW>
+            param_type(_InputIteratorB __fB, _InputIteratorB __lB,
+                       _InputIteratorW __fW);
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+        template<class _UnaryOperation>
+            param_type(initializer_list<result_type> __bl, _UnaryOperation __fw);
+#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+        template<class _UnaryOperation>
+            param_type(size_t __nw, result_type __xmin, result_type __xmax,
+                       _UnaryOperation __fw);
         param_type(param_type const&) = default;
-        param_type & operator=(const param_type& __rhs); 
- 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        vector<result_type> intervals() const {return __b_;} 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        vector<result_type> densities() const {return __densities_;} 
- 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return __x.__densities_ == __y.__densities_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;} 
-        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y) 
-            {return !(__x == __y);} 
- 
-    private: 
-        void __init(); 
- 
-        friend class piecewise_linear_distribution; 
- 
-        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-        friend 
-        basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-        operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-                   const piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x); 
- 
-        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-        friend 
-        basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-        operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-                   piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x); 
-    }; 
- 
-private: 
-    param_type __p_; 
- 
-public: 
-    // constructor and reset functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    piecewise_linear_distribution() {} 
-    template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        piecewise_linear_distribution(_InputIteratorB __fB, 
-                                      _InputIteratorB __lB, 
-                                      _InputIteratorW __fW) 
-        : __p_(__fB, __lB, __fW) {} 
- 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
-    template<class _UnaryOperation> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        piecewise_linear_distribution(initializer_list<result_type> __bl, 
-                                      _UnaryOperation __fw) 
-        : __p_(__bl, __fw) {} 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
- 
-    template<class _UnaryOperation> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        piecewise_linear_distribution(size_t __nw, result_type __xmin, 
-                                      result_type __xmax, _UnaryOperation __fw) 
-        : __p_(__nw, __xmin, __xmax, __fw) {} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit piecewise_linear_distribution(const param_type& __p) 
-        : __p_(__p) {} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void reset() {} 
- 
-    // generating functions 
-    template<class _URNG> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g) 
-        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);} 
-    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p); 
- 
-    // property functions 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    vector<result_type> intervals() const {return __p_.intervals();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    vector<result_type> densities() const {return __p_.densities();} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    param_type param() const {return __p_;} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type min() const {return __p_.__b_.front();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result_type max() const {return __p_.__b_.back();} 
- 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator==(const piecewise_linear_distribution& __x, 
-                        const piecewise_linear_distribution& __y) 
-        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;} 
-    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-        bool operator!=(const piecewise_linear_distribution& __x, 
-                        const piecewise_linear_distribution& __y) 
-        {return !(__x == __y);} 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-    friend 
-    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-               const piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x); 
- 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-    friend 
-    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-               piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x); 
-}; 
- 
-template<class _RealType> 
-typename piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type & 
-piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::operator= 
-                                                       (const param_type& __rhs) 
-{ 
-//  These can throw 
-    __b_.reserve        (__rhs.__b_.size ()); 
-    __densities_.reserve(__rhs.__densities_.size()); 
-    __areas_.reserve    (__rhs.__areas_.size()); 
- 
-//  These can not throw 
-    __b_         = __rhs.__b_; 
-    __densities_ = __rhs.__densities_; 
-    __areas_     =  __rhs.__areas_; 
-    return *this; 
-} 
- 
- 
-template<class _RealType> 
-void 
-piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::__init() 
-{ 
-    __areas_.assign(__densities_.size() - 1, result_type()); 
-    result_type _Sp = 0; 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __areas_.size(); ++__i) 
-    { 
-        __areas_[__i] = (__densities_[__i+1] + __densities_[__i]) * 
-                        (__b_[__i+1] - __b_[__i]) * .5; 
-        _Sp += __areas_[__i]; 
-    } 
-    for (size_t __i = __areas_.size(); __i > 1;) 
-    { 
-        --__i; 
-        __areas_[__i] = __areas_[__i-1] / _Sp; 
-    } 
-    __areas_[0] = 0; 
-    for (size_t __i = 1; __i < __areas_.size(); ++__i) 
-        __areas_[__i] += __areas_[__i-1]; 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __densities_.size(); ++__i) 
-        __densities_[__i] /= _Sp; 
-} 
- 
-template<class _RealType> 
-piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type() 
-    : __b_(2), 
-      __densities_(2, 1.0), 
-      __areas_(1, 0.0) 
-{ 
-    __b_[1] = 1; 
-} 
- 
-template<class _RealType> 
-template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW> 
-piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type( 
-        _InputIteratorB __fB, _InputIteratorB __lB, _InputIteratorW __fW) 
-    : __b_(__fB, __lB) 
-{ 
-    if (__b_.size() < 2) 
-    { 
-        __b_.resize(2); 
-        __b_[0] = 0; 
-        __b_[1] = 1; 
-        __densities_.assign(2, 1.0); 
-        __areas_.assign(1, 0.0); 
-    } 
-    else 
-    { 
-        __densities_.reserve(__b_.size()); 
-        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __b_.size(); ++__i, ++__fW) 
-            __densities_.push_back(*__fW); 
-        __init(); 
-    } 
-} 
- 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
- 
-template<class _RealType> 
-template<class _UnaryOperation> 
-piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type( 
-        initializer_list<result_type> __bl, _UnaryOperation __fw) 
-    : __b_(__bl.begin(), __bl.end()) 
-{ 
-    if (__b_.size() < 2) 
-    { 
-        __b_.resize(2); 
-        __b_[0] = 0; 
-        __b_[1] = 1; 
-        __densities_.assign(2, 1.0); 
-        __areas_.assign(1, 0.0); 
-    } 
-    else 
-    { 
-        __densities_.reserve(__b_.size()); 
-        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __b_.size(); ++__i) 
-            __densities_.push_back(__fw(__b_[__i])); 
-        __init(); 
-    } 
-} 
- 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG 
- 
-template<class _RealType> 
-template<class _UnaryOperation> 
-piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type( 
-        size_t __nw, result_type __xmin, result_type __xmax, _UnaryOperation __fw) 
-    : __b_(__nw == 0 ? 2 : __nw + 1) 
-{ 
-    size_t __n = __b_.size() - 1; 
-    result_type __d = (__xmax - __xmin) / __n; 
-    __densities_.reserve(__b_.size()); 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-    { 
-        __b_[__i] = __xmin + __i * __d; 
-        __densities_.push_back(__fw(__b_[__i])); 
-    } 
-    __b_[__n] = __xmax; 
-    __densities_.push_back(__fw(__b_[__n])); 
-    __init(); 
-} 
- 
-template<class _RealType> 
-template<class _URNG> 
-_RealType 
-piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p) 
-{ 
-    typedef uniform_real_distribution<result_type> _Gen; 
-    result_type __u = _Gen()(__g); 
-    ptrdiff_t __k = _VSTD::upper_bound(__p.__areas_.begin(), __p.__areas_.end(), 
-                                      __u) - __p.__areas_.begin() - 1; 
-    __u -= __p.__areas_[__k]; 
-    const result_type __dk = __p.__densities_[__k]; 
-    const result_type __dk1 = __p.__densities_[__k+1]; 
-    const result_type __deltad = __dk1 - __dk; 
-    const result_type __bk = __p.__b_[__k]; 
-    if (__deltad == 0) 
-        return __u / __dk + __bk; 
-    const result_type __bk1 = __p.__b_[__k+1]; 
-    const result_type __deltab = __bk1 - __bk; 
-    return (__bk * __dk1 - __bk1 * __dk + 
-        _VSTD::sqrt(__deltab * (__deltab * __dk * __dk + 2 * __deltad * __u))) / 
-        __deltad; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os, 
-           const piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os); 
-    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream; 
-    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed | 
-               _OStream::scientific); 
-    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' '); 
-    __os.fill(__sp); 
-    size_t __n = __x.__p_.__b_.size(); 
-    __os << __n; 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__b_[__i]; 
-    __n = __x.__p_.__densities_.size(); 
-    __os << __sp << __n; 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__densities_[__i]; 
-    __n = __x.__p_.__areas_.size(); 
-    __os << __sp << __n; 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__areas_[__i]; 
-    return __os; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT> 
-basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& 
-operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is, 
-           piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x) 
-{ 
-    typedef piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT> _Eng; 
-    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type; 
-    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is); 
-    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream; 
-    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws); 
-    size_t __n; 
-    __is >> __n; 
-    vector<result_type> __b(__n); 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __is >> __b[__i]; 
-    __is >> __n; 
-    vector<result_type> __densities(__n); 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __is >> __densities[__i]; 
-    __is >> __n; 
-    vector<result_type> __areas(__n); 
-    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i) 
-        __is >> __areas[__i]; 
-    if (!__is.fail()) 
-    { 
-        swap(__x.__p_.__b_, __b); 
-        swap(__x.__p_.__densities_, __densities); 
-        swap(__x.__p_.__areas_, __areas); 
-    } 
-    return __is; 
-} 
- 
-_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD 
- 
-_LIBCPP_POP_MACROS 
- 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_RANDOM 
+        param_type & operator=(const param_type& __rhs);
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        vector<result_type> intervals() const {return __b_;}
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        vector<result_type> densities() const {return __densities_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__densities_ == __y.__densities_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+
+    private:
+        void __init();
+
+        friend class piecewise_constant_distribution;
+
+        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+        friend
+        basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+        operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+                   const piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x);
+
+        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+        friend
+        basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+        operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+                   piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x);
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructor and reset functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    piecewise_constant_distribution() {}
+    template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        piecewise_constant_distribution(_InputIteratorB __fB,
+                                        _InputIteratorB __lB,
+                                        _InputIteratorW __fW)
+        : __p_(__fB, __lB, __fW) {}
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    template<class _UnaryOperation>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        piecewise_constant_distribution(initializer_list<result_type> __bl,
+                                        _UnaryOperation __fw)
+        : __p_(__bl, __fw) {}
+#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+
+    template<class _UnaryOperation>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        piecewise_constant_distribution(size_t __nw, result_type __xmin,
+                                        result_type __xmax, _UnaryOperation __fw)
+        : __p_(__nw, __xmin, __xmax, __fw) {}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit piecewise_constant_distribution(const param_type& __p)
+        : __p_(__p) {}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    vector<result_type> intervals() const {return __p_.intervals();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    vector<result_type> densities() const {return __p_.densities();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return __p_.__b_.front();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return __p_.__b_.back();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const piecewise_constant_distribution& __x,
+                        const piecewise_constant_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const piecewise_constant_distribution& __x,
+                           const piecewise_constant_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+               const piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+               piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x);
+};
+
+template<class _RealType>
+typename piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type &
+piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::operator=
+                                                       (const param_type& __rhs)
+{
+//  These can throw
+    __b_.reserve        (__rhs.__b_.size ());
+    __densities_.reserve(__rhs.__densities_.size());
+    __areas_.reserve    (__rhs.__areas_.size());
+
+//  These can not throw
+    __b_         = __rhs.__b_;
+    __densities_ = __rhs.__densities_;
+    __areas_     =  __rhs.__areas_;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+template<class _RealType>
+void
+piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::__init()
+{
+    // __densities_ contains non-normalized areas
+    result_type __total_area = _VSTD::accumulate(__densities_.begin(),
+                                                __densities_.end(),
+                                                result_type());
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __densities_.size(); ++__i)
+        __densities_[__i] /= __total_area;
+    // __densities_ contains normalized areas
+    __areas_.assign(__densities_.size(), result_type());
+    _VSTD::partial_sum(__densities_.begin(), __densities_.end() - 1,
+                                                          __areas_.begin() + 1);
+    // __areas_ contains partial sums of normalized areas: [0, __densities_ - 1]
+    __densities_.back() = 1 - __areas_.back();  // correct round off error
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __densities_.size(); ++__i)
+        __densities_[__i] /= (__b_[__i+1] - __b_[__i]);
+    // __densities_ now contains __densities_
+}
+
+template<class _RealType>
+piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type()
+    : __b_(2),
+      __densities_(1, 1.0),
+      __areas_(1, 0.0)
+{
+    __b_[1] = 1;
+}
+
+template<class _RealType>
+template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW>
+piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type(
+        _InputIteratorB __fB, _InputIteratorB __lB, _InputIteratorW __fW)
+    : __b_(__fB, __lB)
+{
+    if (__b_.size() < 2)
+    {
+        __b_.resize(2);
+        __b_[0] = 0;
+        __b_[1] = 1;
+        __densities_.assign(1, 1.0);
+        __areas_.assign(1, 0.0);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        __densities_.reserve(__b_.size() - 1);
+        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __b_.size() - 1; ++__i, ++__fW)
+            __densities_.push_back(*__fW);
+        __init();
+    }
+}
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+
+template<class _RealType>
+template<class _UnaryOperation>
+piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type(
+        initializer_list<result_type> __bl, _UnaryOperation __fw)
+    : __b_(__bl.begin(), __bl.end())
+{
+    if (__b_.size() < 2)
+    {
+        __b_.resize(2);
+        __b_[0] = 0;
+        __b_[1] = 1;
+        __densities_.assign(1, 1.0);
+        __areas_.assign(1, 0.0);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        __densities_.reserve(__b_.size() - 1);
+        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __b_.size() - 1; ++__i)
+            __densities_.push_back(__fw((__b_[__i+1] + __b_[__i])*.5));
+        __init();
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+
+template<class _RealType>
+template<class _UnaryOperation>
+piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type(
+        size_t __nw, result_type __xmin, result_type __xmax, _UnaryOperation __fw)
+    : __b_(__nw == 0 ? 2 : __nw + 1)
+{
+    size_t __n = __b_.size() - 1;
+    result_type __d = (__xmax - __xmin) / __n;
+    __densities_.reserve(__n);
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+    {
+        __b_[__i] = __xmin + __i * __d;
+        __densities_.push_back(__fw(__b_[__i] + __d*.5));
+    }
+    __b_[__n] = __xmax;
+    __init();
+}
+
+template<class _RealType>
+template<class _URNG>
+_RealType
+piecewise_constant_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
+{
+    typedef uniform_real_distribution<result_type> _Gen;
+    result_type __u = _Gen()(__g);
+    ptrdiff_t __k = _VSTD::upper_bound(__p.__areas_.begin(), __p.__areas_.end(),
+                                      __u) - __p.__areas_.begin() - 1;
+    return (__u - __p.__areas_[__k]) / __p.__densities_[__k] + __p.__b_[__k];
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    size_t __n = __x.__p_.__b_.size();
+    __os << __n;
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__b_[__i];
+    __n = __x.__p_.__densities_.size();
+    __os << __sp << __n;
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__densities_[__i];
+    __n = __x.__p_.__areas_.size();
+    __os << __sp << __n;
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__areas_[__i];
+    return __os;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    typedef piecewise_constant_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    size_t __n;
+    __is >> __n;
+    vector<result_type> __b(__n);
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __is >> __b[__i];
+    __is >> __n;
+    vector<result_type> __densities(__n);
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __is >> __densities[__i];
+    __is >> __n;
+    vector<result_type> __areas(__n);
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __is >> __areas[__i];
+    if (!__is.fail())
+    {
+        swap(__x.__p_.__b_, __b);
+        swap(__x.__p_.__densities_, __densities);
+        swap(__x.__p_.__areas_, __areas);
+    }
+    return __is;
+}
+
+// piecewise_linear_distribution
+
+template<class _RealType = double>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS piecewise_linear_distribution
+{
+public:
+    // types
+    typedef _RealType result_type;
+
+    class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS param_type
+    {
+        vector<result_type> __b_;
+        vector<result_type> __densities_;
+        vector<result_type> __areas_;
+    public:
+        typedef piecewise_linear_distribution distribution_type;
+
+        param_type();
+        template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW>
+            param_type(_InputIteratorB __fB, _InputIteratorB __lB,
+                       _InputIteratorW __fW);
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+        template<class _UnaryOperation>
+            param_type(initializer_list<result_type> __bl, _UnaryOperation __fw);
+#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+        template<class _UnaryOperation>
+            param_type(size_t __nw, result_type __xmin, result_type __xmax,
+                       _UnaryOperation __fw);
+        param_type(param_type const&) = default;
+        param_type & operator=(const param_type& __rhs);
+
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        vector<result_type> intervals() const {return __b_;}
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        vector<result_type> densities() const {return __densities_;}
+
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator==(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return __x.__densities_ == __y.__densities_ && __x.__b_ == __y.__b_;}
+        friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+            bool operator!=(const param_type& __x, const param_type& __y)
+            {return !(__x == __y);}
+
+    private:
+        void __init();
+
+        friend class piecewise_linear_distribution;
+
+        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+        friend
+        basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+        operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+                   const piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x);
+
+        template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+        friend
+        basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+        operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+                   piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x);
+    };
+
+private:
+    param_type __p_;
+
+public:
+    // constructor and reset functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    piecewise_linear_distribution() {}
+    template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        piecewise_linear_distribution(_InputIteratorB __fB,
+                                      _InputIteratorB __lB,
+                                      _InputIteratorW __fW)
+        : __p_(__fB, __lB, __fW) {}
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+    template<class _UnaryOperation>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        piecewise_linear_distribution(initializer_list<result_type> __bl,
+                                      _UnaryOperation __fw)
+        : __p_(__bl, __fw) {}
+#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+
+    template<class _UnaryOperation>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        piecewise_linear_distribution(size_t __nw, result_type __xmin,
+                                      result_type __xmax, _UnaryOperation __fw)
+        : __p_(__nw, __xmin, __xmax, __fw) {}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit piecewise_linear_distribution(const param_type& __p)
+        : __p_(__p) {}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void reset() {}
+
+    // generating functions
+    template<class _URNG>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        result_type operator()(_URNG& __g)
+        {return (*this)(__g, __p_);}
+    template<class _URNG> result_type operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p);
+
+    // property functions
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    vector<result_type> intervals() const {return __p_.intervals();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    vector<result_type> densities() const {return __p_.densities();}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    param_type param() const {return __p_;}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    void param(const param_type& __p) {__p_ = __p;}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type min() const {return __p_.__b_.front();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result_type max() const {return __p_.__b_.back();}
+
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator==(const piecewise_linear_distribution& __x,
+                        const piecewise_linear_distribution& __y)
+        {return __x.__p_ == __y.__p_;}
+    friend _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+        bool operator!=(const piecewise_linear_distribution& __x,
+                        const piecewise_linear_distribution& __y)
+        {return !(__x == __y);}
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+    friend
+    basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+               const piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x);
+
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+    friend
+    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+               piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x);
+};
+
+template<class _RealType>
+typename piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type &
+piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::operator=
+                                                       (const param_type& __rhs)
+{
+//  These can throw
+    __b_.reserve        (__rhs.__b_.size ());
+    __densities_.reserve(__rhs.__densities_.size());
+    __areas_.reserve    (__rhs.__areas_.size());
+
+//  These can not throw
+    __b_         = __rhs.__b_;
+    __densities_ = __rhs.__densities_;
+    __areas_     =  __rhs.__areas_;
+    return *this;
+}
+
+
+template<class _RealType>
+void
+piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::__init()
+{
+    __areas_.assign(__densities_.size() - 1, result_type());
+    result_type _Sp = 0;
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __areas_.size(); ++__i)
+    {
+        __areas_[__i] = (__densities_[__i+1] + __densities_[__i]) *
+                        (__b_[__i+1] - __b_[__i]) * .5;
+        _Sp += __areas_[__i];
+    }
+    for (size_t __i = __areas_.size(); __i > 1;)
+    {
+        --__i;
+        __areas_[__i] = __areas_[__i-1] / _Sp;
+    }
+    __areas_[0] = 0;
+    for (size_t __i = 1; __i < __areas_.size(); ++__i)
+        __areas_[__i] += __areas_[__i-1];
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __densities_.size(); ++__i)
+        __densities_[__i] /= _Sp;
+}
+
+template<class _RealType>
+piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type()
+    : __b_(2),
+      __densities_(2, 1.0),
+      __areas_(1, 0.0)
+{
+    __b_[1] = 1;
+}
+
+template<class _RealType>
+template<class _InputIteratorB, class _InputIteratorW>
+piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type(
+        _InputIteratorB __fB, _InputIteratorB __lB, _InputIteratorW __fW)
+    : __b_(__fB, __lB)
+{
+    if (__b_.size() < 2)
+    {
+        __b_.resize(2);
+        __b_[0] = 0;
+        __b_[1] = 1;
+        __densities_.assign(2, 1.0);
+        __areas_.assign(1, 0.0);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        __densities_.reserve(__b_.size());
+        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __b_.size(); ++__i, ++__fW)
+            __densities_.push_back(*__fW);
+        __init();
+    }
+}
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+
+template<class _RealType>
+template<class _UnaryOperation>
+piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type(
+        initializer_list<result_type> __bl, _UnaryOperation __fw)
+    : __b_(__bl.begin(), __bl.end())
+{
+    if (__b_.size() < 2)
+    {
+        __b_.resize(2);
+        __b_[0] = 0;
+        __b_[1] = 1;
+        __densities_.assign(2, 1.0);
+        __areas_.assign(1, 0.0);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        __densities_.reserve(__b_.size());
+        for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __b_.size(); ++__i)
+            __densities_.push_back(__fw(__b_[__i]));
+        __init();
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP_CXX03_LANG
+
+template<class _RealType>
+template<class _UnaryOperation>
+piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::param_type::param_type(
+        size_t __nw, result_type __xmin, result_type __xmax, _UnaryOperation __fw)
+    : __b_(__nw == 0 ? 2 : __nw + 1)
+{
+    size_t __n = __b_.size() - 1;
+    result_type __d = (__xmax - __xmin) / __n;
+    __densities_.reserve(__b_.size());
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+    {
+        __b_[__i] = __xmin + __i * __d;
+        __densities_.push_back(__fw(__b_[__i]));
+    }
+    __b_[__n] = __xmax;
+    __densities_.push_back(__fw(__b_[__n]));
+    __init();
+}
+
+template<class _RealType>
+template<class _URNG>
+_RealType
+piecewise_linear_distribution<_RealType>::operator()(_URNG& __g, const param_type& __p)
+{
+    typedef uniform_real_distribution<result_type> _Gen;
+    result_type __u = _Gen()(__g);
+    ptrdiff_t __k = _VSTD::upper_bound(__p.__areas_.begin(), __p.__areas_.end(),
+                                      __u) - __p.__areas_.begin() - 1;
+    __u -= __p.__areas_[__k];
+    const result_type __dk = __p.__densities_[__k];
+    const result_type __dk1 = __p.__densities_[__k+1];
+    const result_type __deltad = __dk1 - __dk;
+    const result_type __bk = __p.__b_[__k];
+    if (__deltad == 0)
+        return __u / __dk + __bk;
+    const result_type __bk1 = __p.__b_[__k+1];
+    const result_type __deltab = __bk1 - __bk;
+    return (__bk * __dk1 - __bk1 * __dk +
+        _VSTD::sqrt(__deltab * (__deltab * __dk * __dk + 2 * __deltad * __u))) /
+        __deltad;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
+           const piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__os);
+    typedef basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits> _OStream;
+    __os.flags(_OStream::dec | _OStream::left | _OStream::fixed |
+               _OStream::scientific);
+    _CharT __sp = __os.widen(' ');
+    __os.fill(__sp);
+    size_t __n = __x.__p_.__b_.size();
+    __os << __n;
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__b_[__i];
+    __n = __x.__p_.__densities_.size();
+    __os << __sp << __n;
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__densities_[__i];
+    __n = __x.__p_.__areas_.size();
+    __os << __sp << __n;
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __os << __sp << __x.__p_.__areas_[__i];
+    return __os;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _RT>
+basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
+operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
+           piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT>& __x)
+{
+    typedef piecewise_linear_distribution<_RT> _Eng;
+    typedef typename _Eng::result_type result_type;
+    __save_flags<_CharT, _Traits> __lx(__is);
+    typedef basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits> _Istream;
+    __is.flags(_Istream::dec | _Istream::skipws);
+    size_t __n;
+    __is >> __n;
+    vector<result_type> __b(__n);
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __is >> __b[__i];
+    __is >> __n;
+    vector<result_type> __densities(__n);
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __is >> __densities[__i];
+    __is >> __n;
+    vector<result_type> __areas(__n);
+    for (size_t __i = 0; __i < __n; ++__i)
+        __is >> __areas[__i];
+    if (!__is.fail())
+    {
+        swap(__x.__p_.__b_, __b);
+        swap(__x.__p_.__densities_, __densities);
+        swap(__x.__p_.__areas_, __areas);
+    }
+    return __is;
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+_LIBCPP_POP_MACROS
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP_RANDOM