Restoring authorship annotation for Andrey Khalyavin <halyavin@gmail.com>. Commit 2 of 2.

1 files changed, 1775 insertions, 1775 deletions

diff --git a/contrib/libs/cxxsupp/libcxx/include/__locale b/contrib/libs/cxxsupp/libcxx/include/__locale
index f2e48ab937..38cb7a6f39 100644
--- a/contrib/libs/cxxsupp/libcxx/include/__locale
+++ b/contrib/libs/cxxsupp/libcxx/include/__locale
@@ -1,1780 +1,1780 @@
-// -*- C++ -*- 
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 
-// 
+// -*- C++ -*-
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
-// 
-//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// 
- 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP___LOCALE 
-#define _LIBCPP___LOCALE 
- 
-#include <__availability> 
-#include <__config> 
-#include <string> 
-#include <memory> 
-#include <utility> 
-#include <mutex> 
-#include <cstdint> 
-#include <cctype> 
-#include <atomic> 
-#include <locale.h> 
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT_LIKE) 
-# include <cstring> 
-# include <__support/win32/locale_win32.h> 
-#elif defined(_AIX) || defined(__MVS__) 
-# include <__support/ibm/xlocale.h> 
-#elif defined(__ANDROID__) 
-# include <__support/android/locale_bionic.h> 
-#elif defined(__sun__) 
-# include <xlocale.h> 
-# include <__support/solaris/xlocale.h> 
-#elif defined(_NEWLIB_VERSION) 
-# include <__support/newlib/xlocale.h> 
-#elif defined(__OpenBSD__) 
-# include <__support/openbsd/xlocale.h> 
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP___LOCALE
+#define _LIBCPP___LOCALE
+
+#include <__availability>
+#include <__config>
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+#include <utility>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <locale.h>
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT_LIKE)
+# include <cstring>
+# include <__support/win32/locale_win32.h>
+#elif defined(_AIX) || defined(__MVS__)
+# include <__support/ibm/xlocale.h>
+#elif defined(__ANDROID__)
+# include <__support/android/locale_bionic.h>
+#elif defined(__sun__)
+# include <xlocale.h>
+# include <__support/solaris/xlocale.h>
+#elif defined(_NEWLIB_VERSION)
+# include <__support/newlib/xlocale.h>
+#elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
+# include <__support/openbsd/xlocale.h>
 #elif (defined(__APPLE__)      || defined(__FreeBSD__) \
-    || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) || defined(__IBMCPP__)) 
-# include <xlocale.h> 
-#elif defined(__Fuchsia__) 
-# include <__support/fuchsia/xlocale.h> 
-#elif defined(__wasi__) 
-// WASI libc uses musl's locales support. 
-# include <__support/musl/xlocale.h> 
-#elif defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_MUSL_LIBC) 
-# include <__support/musl/xlocale.h> 
-#endif 
- 
-#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER) 
-#pragma GCC system_header 
-#endif 
- 
-_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD 
- 
-#if !defined(_LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS) 
-struct __libcpp_locale_guard { 
-  _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-  __libcpp_locale_guard(locale_t& __loc) : __old_loc_(uselocale(__loc)) {} 
- 
-  _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-  ~__libcpp_locale_guard() { 
-    if (__old_loc_) 
-      uselocale(__old_loc_); 
-  } 
- 
-  locale_t __old_loc_; 
-private: 
-  __libcpp_locale_guard(__libcpp_locale_guard const&); 
-  __libcpp_locale_guard& operator=(__libcpp_locale_guard const&); 
-}; 
-#elif defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT_LIKE) 
-struct __libcpp_locale_guard { 
-    __libcpp_locale_guard(locale_t __l) : 
-        __status(_configthreadlocale(_ENABLE_PER_THREAD_LOCALE)) { 
-      // Setting the locale can be expensive even when the locale given is 
-      // already the current locale, so do an explicit check to see if the 
-      // current locale is already the one we want. 
-      const char* __lc = __setlocale(nullptr); 
-      // If every category is the same, the locale string will simply be the 
-      // locale name, otherwise it will be a semicolon-separated string listing 
-      // each category.  In the second case, we know at least one category won't 
-      // be what we want, so we only have to check the first case. 
-      if (_VSTD::strcmp(__l.__get_locale(), __lc) != 0) { 
-        __locale_all = _strdup(__lc); 
-        if (__locale_all == nullptr) 
-          __throw_bad_alloc(); 
-        __setlocale(__l.__get_locale()); 
-      } 
-    } 
-    ~__libcpp_locale_guard() { 
-      // The CRT documentation doesn't explicitly say, but setlocale() does the 
-      // right thing when given a semicolon-separated list of locale settings 
-      // for the different categories in the same format as returned by 
-      // setlocale(LC_ALL, nullptr). 
-      if (__locale_all != nullptr) { 
-        __setlocale(__locale_all); 
-        free(__locale_all); 
-      } 
+    || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) || defined(__IBMCPP__))
+# include <xlocale.h>
+#elif defined(__Fuchsia__)
+# include <__support/fuchsia/xlocale.h>
+#elif defined(__wasi__)
+// WASI libc uses musl's locales support.
+# include <__support/musl/xlocale.h>
+#elif defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_MUSL_LIBC)
+# include <__support/musl/xlocale.h>
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
+#pragma GCC system_header
+#endif
+
+_LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+#if !defined(_LIBCPP_LOCALE__L_EXTENSIONS)
+struct __libcpp_locale_guard {
+  _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+  __libcpp_locale_guard(locale_t& __loc) : __old_loc_(uselocale(__loc)) {}
+
+  _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+  ~__libcpp_locale_guard() {
+    if (__old_loc_)
+      uselocale(__old_loc_);
+  }
+
+  locale_t __old_loc_;
+private:
+  __libcpp_locale_guard(__libcpp_locale_guard const&);
+  __libcpp_locale_guard& operator=(__libcpp_locale_guard const&);
+};
+#elif defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT_LIKE)
+struct __libcpp_locale_guard {
+    __libcpp_locale_guard(locale_t __l) :
+        __status(_configthreadlocale(_ENABLE_PER_THREAD_LOCALE)) {
+      // Setting the locale can be expensive even when the locale given is
+      // already the current locale, so do an explicit check to see if the
+      // current locale is already the one we want.
+      const char* __lc = __setlocale(nullptr);
+      // If every category is the same, the locale string will simply be the
+      // locale name, otherwise it will be a semicolon-separated string listing
+      // each category.  In the second case, we know at least one category won't
+      // be what we want, so we only have to check the first case.
+      if (_VSTD::strcmp(__l.__get_locale(), __lc) != 0) {
+        __locale_all = _strdup(__lc);
+        if (__locale_all == nullptr)
+          __throw_bad_alloc();
+        __setlocale(__l.__get_locale());
+      }
+    }
+    ~__libcpp_locale_guard() {
+      // The CRT documentation doesn't explicitly say, but setlocale() does the
+      // right thing when given a semicolon-separated list of locale settings
+      // for the different categories in the same format as returned by
+      // setlocale(LC_ALL, nullptr).
+      if (__locale_all != nullptr) {
+        __setlocale(__locale_all);
+        free(__locale_all);
+      }
       _configthreadlocale(__status);
-    } 
-    static const char* __setlocale(const char* __locale) { 
-      const char* __new_locale = setlocale(LC_ALL, __locale); 
-      if (__new_locale == nullptr) 
-        __throw_bad_alloc(); 
-      return __new_locale; 
-    } 
-    int __status; 
-    char* __locale_all = nullptr; 
-}; 
-#endif 
- 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS locale; 
- 
-template <class _Facet> 
-_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-has_facet(const locale&) _NOEXCEPT; 
- 
-template <class _Facet> 
-_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-const _Facet& 
-use_facet(const locale&); 
- 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS locale 
-{ 
-public: 
-    // types: 
-    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS facet; 
-    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS id; 
- 
-    typedef int category; 
-    _LIBCPP_AVAILABILITY_LOCALE_CATEGORY 
-    static const category // values assigned here are for exposition only 
-        none     = 0, 
-        collate  = LC_COLLATE_MASK, 
-        ctype    = LC_CTYPE_MASK, 
-        monetary = LC_MONETARY_MASK, 
-        numeric  = LC_NUMERIC_MASK, 
-        time     = LC_TIME_MASK, 
-        messages = LC_MESSAGES_MASK, 
-        all = collate | ctype | monetary | numeric | time | messages; 
- 
-    // construct/copy/destroy: 
-    locale()  _NOEXCEPT; 
-    locale(const locale&)  _NOEXCEPT; 
-    explicit locale(const char*); 
-    explicit locale(const string&); 
-    locale(const locale&, const char*, category); 
-    locale(const locale&, const string&, category); 
-    template <class _Facet> 
-        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY locale(const locale&, _Facet*); 
-    locale(const locale&, const locale&, category); 
- 
-    ~locale(); 
- 
-    const locale& operator=(const locale&)  _NOEXCEPT; 
- 
-    template <class _Facet> 
-      _LIBCPP_METHOD_TEMPLATE_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION_VIS 
-      locale combine(const locale&) const; 
- 
-    // locale operations: 
-    string name() const; 
-    bool operator==(const locale&) const; 
-    bool operator!=(const locale& __y) const {return !(*this == __y);} 
-    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Allocator> 
-      _LIBCPP_METHOD_TEMPLATE_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION_VIS 
-      bool operator()(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>&, 
-                      const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>&) const; 
- 
-    // global locale objects: 
-    static locale global(const locale&); 
-    static const locale& classic(); 
- 
-private: 
-    class __imp; 
-    __imp* __locale_; 
- 
-    void __install_ctor(const locale&, facet*, long); 
-    static locale& __global(); 
-    bool has_facet(id&) const; 
-    const facet* use_facet(id&) const; 
- 
-    template <class _Facet> friend bool has_facet(const locale&)  _NOEXCEPT; 
-    template <class _Facet> friend const _Facet& use_facet(const locale&); 
-}; 
- 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS locale::facet 
-    : public __shared_count 
-{ 
-protected: 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit facet(size_t __refs = 0) 
-        : __shared_count(static_cast<long>(__refs)-1) {} 
- 
-    virtual ~facet(); 
- 
-//    facet(const facet&) = delete;     // effectively done in __shared_count 
-//    void operator=(const facet&) = delete; 
-private: 
-    virtual void __on_zero_shared() _NOEXCEPT; 
-}; 
- 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS locale::id 
-{ 
-    std::atomic<int32_t>        __id_; 
- 
-    static int32_t __next_id; 
-public: 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR id() :__id_(0) {} 
-private: 
-    void operator=(const id&); // = delete; 
-    id(const id&); // = delete; 
-public:  // only needed for tests 
-    long __get(); 
- 
-    friend class locale; 
-    friend class locale::__imp; 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _Facet> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-locale::locale(const locale& __other, _Facet* __f) 
-{ 
-    __install_ctor(__other, __f, __f ? __f->id.__get() : 0); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _Facet> 
-locale 
-locale::combine(const locale& __other) const 
-{ 
-    if (!_VSTD::has_facet<_Facet>(__other)) 
-        __throw_runtime_error("locale::combine: locale missing facet"); 
- 
-    return locale(*this, &const_cast<_Facet&>(_VSTD::use_facet<_Facet>(__other))); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _Facet> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-has_facet(const locale& __l)  _NOEXCEPT 
-{ 
-    return __l.has_facet(_Facet::id); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _Facet> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-const _Facet& 
-use_facet(const locale& __l) 
-{ 
-    return static_cast<const _Facet&>(*__l.use_facet(_Facet::id)); 
-} 
- 
-// template <class _CharT> class collate; 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS collate 
-    : public locale::facet 
-{ 
-public: 
-    typedef _CharT char_type; 
-    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type; 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit collate(size_t __refs = 0) 
-        : locale::facet(__refs) {} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1, 
-                const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const 
-    { 
-        return do_compare(__lo1, __hi1, __lo2, __hi2); 
-    } 
- 
-// Disable double inline warning. 
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC 
-#pragma warning ( push ) 
-#pragma warning ( disable : 4141 ) 
-#endif 
-    // FIXME(EricWF): The _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE is needed on Windows to work 
-    // around a dllimport bug that expects an external instantiation. 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE 
-    string_type transform(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const 
-    { 
-        return do_transform(__lo, __hi); 
-    } 
-#ifdef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC 
-#pragma warning ( pop ) 
-#endif 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    long hash(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const 
-    { 
-        return do_hash(__lo, __hi); 
-    } 
- 
-    static locale::id id; 
- 
-protected: 
-    ~collate(); 
-    virtual int do_compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1, 
-                           const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const; 
-    virtual string_type do_transform(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const 
-        {return string_type(__lo, __hi);} 
-    virtual long do_hash(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const; 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _CharT> locale::id collate<_CharT>::id; 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-collate<_CharT>::~collate() 
-{ 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-int 
-collate<_CharT>::do_compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1, 
-                            const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const 
-{ 
-    for (; __lo2 != __hi2; ++__lo1, ++__lo2) 
-    { 
-        if (__lo1 == __hi1 || *__lo1 < *__lo2) 
-            return -1; 
-        if (*__lo2 < *__lo1) 
-            return 1; 
-    } 
-    return __lo1 != __hi1; 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-long 
-collate<_CharT>::do_hash(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const 
-{ 
-    size_t __h = 0; 
-    const size_t __sr = __CHAR_BIT__ * sizeof(size_t) - 8; 
-    const size_t __mask = size_t(0xF) << (__sr + 4); 
-    for(const char_type* __p = __lo; __p != __hi; ++__p) 
-    { 
-        __h = (__h << 4) + static_cast<size_t>(*__p); 
-        size_t __g = __h & __mask; 
-        __h ^= __g | (__g >> __sr); 
-    } 
-    return static_cast<long>(__h); 
-} 
- 
-_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_EVEN_IN_DEBUG_MODE(class _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_TYPE_VIS collate<char>) 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
-_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_EVEN_IN_DEBUG_MODE(class _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_TYPE_VIS collate<wchar_t>) 
-#endif 
- 
-// template <class CharT> class collate_byname; 
- 
-template <class _CharT> class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS collate_byname; 
- 
-template <> 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS collate_byname<char> 
-    : public collate<char> 
-{ 
-    locale_t __l; 
-public: 
-    typedef char char_type; 
-    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type; 
- 
-    explicit collate_byname(const char* __n, size_t __refs = 0); 
-    explicit collate_byname(const string& __n, size_t __refs = 0); 
- 
-protected: 
-    ~collate_byname(); 
-    virtual int do_compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1, 
-                           const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const; 
-    virtual string_type do_transform(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const; 
-}; 
- 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
-template <> 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS collate_byname<wchar_t> 
-    : public collate<wchar_t> 
-{ 
-    locale_t __l; 
-public: 
-    typedef wchar_t char_type; 
-    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type; 
- 
-    explicit collate_byname(const char* __n, size_t __refs = 0); 
-    explicit collate_byname(const string& __n, size_t __refs = 0); 
- 
-protected: 
-    ~collate_byname(); 
- 
-    virtual int do_compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1, 
-                           const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const; 
-    virtual string_type do_transform(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const; 
-}; 
-#endif 
- 
-template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Allocator> 
-bool 
-locale::operator()(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>& __x, 
-                   const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>& __y) const 
-{ 
-    return _VSTD::use_facet<_VSTD::collate<_CharT> >(*this).compare( 
-                                       __x.data(), __x.data() + __x.size(), 
-                                       __y.data(), __y.data() + __y.size()) < 0; 
-} 
- 
-// template <class charT> class ctype 
- 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS ctype_base 
-{ 
-public: 
-#if defined(_LIBCPP_PROVIDES_DEFAULT_RUNE_TABLE) 
-    typedef unsigned long mask; 
-    static const mask space  = 1<<0; 
-    static const mask print  = 1<<1; 
-    static const mask cntrl  = 1<<2; 
-    static const mask upper  = 1<<3; 
-    static const mask lower  = 1<<4; 
-    static const mask alpha  = 1<<5; 
-    static const mask digit  = 1<<6; 
-    static const mask punct  = 1<<7; 
-    static const mask xdigit = 1<<8; 
-    static const mask blank  = 1<<9; 
-#if defined(__BIONIC__) 
-    // Historically this was a part of regex_traits rather than ctype_base. The 
-    // historical value of the constant is preserved for ABI compatibility. 
-    static const mask __regex_word = 0x8000; 
-#else 
-    static const mask __regex_word = 1<<10; 
-#endif // defined(__BIONIC__) 
-#elif defined(__GLIBC__) 
-    typedef unsigned short mask; 
-    static const mask space  = _ISspace; 
-    static const mask print  = _ISprint; 
-    static const mask cntrl  = _IScntrl; 
-    static const mask upper  = _ISupper; 
-    static const mask lower  = _ISlower; 
-    static const mask alpha  = _ISalpha; 
-    static const mask digit  = _ISdigit; 
-    static const mask punct  = _ISpunct; 
-    static const mask xdigit = _ISxdigit; 
-    static const mask blank  = _ISblank; 
-#if defined(__mips__) 
-    static const mask __regex_word = static_cast<mask>(_ISbit(15)); 
-#else 
-    static const mask __regex_word = 0x80; 
-#endif 
-#elif defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT_LIKE) 
-    typedef unsigned short mask; 
-    static const mask space  = _SPACE; 
-    static const mask print  = _BLANK|_PUNCT|_ALPHA|_DIGIT; 
-    static const mask cntrl  = _CONTROL; 
-    static const mask upper  = _UPPER; 
-    static const mask lower  = _LOWER; 
-    static const mask alpha  = _ALPHA; 
-    static const mask digit  = _DIGIT; 
-    static const mask punct  = _PUNCT; 
-    static const mask xdigit = _HEX; 
-    static const mask blank  = _BLANK; 
-    static const mask __regex_word = 0x80; 
-# define _LIBCPP_CTYPE_MASK_IS_COMPOSITE_PRINT 
-#elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) || defined(__NetBSD__) 
-# ifdef __APPLE__ 
-    typedef __uint32_t mask; 
-# elif defined(__FreeBSD__) 
-    typedef unsigned long mask; 
-# elif defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) || defined(__NetBSD__) 
-    typedef unsigned short mask; 
-# endif 
-    static const mask space  = _CTYPE_S; 
-    static const mask print  = _CTYPE_R; 
-    static const mask cntrl  = _CTYPE_C; 
-    static const mask upper  = _CTYPE_U; 
-    static const mask lower  = _CTYPE_L; 
-    static const mask alpha  = _CTYPE_A; 
-    static const mask digit  = _CTYPE_D; 
-    static const mask punct  = _CTYPE_P; 
-    static const mask xdigit = _CTYPE_X; 
- 
-# if defined(__NetBSD__) 
-    static const mask blank  = _CTYPE_BL; 
-    // NetBSD defines classes up to 0x2000 
-    // see sys/ctype_bits.h, _CTYPE_Q 
-    static const mask __regex_word = 0x8000; 
-# else 
-    static const mask blank  = _CTYPE_B; 
-    static const mask __regex_word = 0x80; 
-# endif 
-#elif defined(__sun__) || defined(_AIX) 
-    typedef unsigned int mask; 
-    static const mask space  = _ISSPACE; 
-    static const mask print  = _ISPRINT; 
-    static const mask cntrl  = _ISCNTRL; 
-    static const mask upper  = _ISUPPER; 
-    static const mask lower  = _ISLOWER; 
-    static const mask alpha  = _ISALPHA; 
-    static const mask digit  = _ISDIGIT; 
-    static const mask punct  = _ISPUNCT; 
-    static const mask xdigit = _ISXDIGIT; 
-    static const mask blank  = _ISBLANK; 
-    static const mask __regex_word = 0x80; 
-#elif defined(_NEWLIB_VERSION) 
-    // Same type as Newlib's _ctype_ array in newlib/libc/include/ctype.h. 
-    typedef char mask; 
-    static const mask space  = _S; 
-    static const mask print  = _P | _U | _L | _N | _B; 
-    static const mask cntrl  = _C; 
-    static const mask upper  = _U; 
-    static const mask lower  = _L; 
-    static const mask alpha  = _U | _L; 
-    static const mask digit  = _N; 
-    static const mask punct  = _P; 
-    static const mask xdigit = _X | _N; 
-    static const mask blank  = _B; 
-    static const mask __regex_word = 0x80; 
-# define _LIBCPP_CTYPE_MASK_IS_COMPOSITE_PRINT 
-# define _LIBCPP_CTYPE_MASK_IS_COMPOSITE_ALPHA 
-# define _LIBCPP_CTYPE_MASK_IS_COMPOSITE_XDIGIT 
-#else 
-# error unknown rune table for this platform -- do you mean to define _LIBCPP_PROVIDES_DEFAULT_RUNE_TABLE? 
-#endif 
-    static const mask alnum  = alpha | digit; 
-    static const mask graph  = alnum | punct; 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY ctype_base() {} 
-}; 
- 
-template <class _CharT> class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS ctype; 
- 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
-template <> 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS ctype<wchar_t> 
-    : public locale::facet, 
-      public ctype_base 
-{ 
-public: 
-    typedef wchar_t char_type; 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit ctype(size_t __refs = 0) 
-        : locale::facet(__refs) {} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    bool is(mask __m, char_type __c) const 
-    { 
-        return do_is(__m, __c); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const char_type* is(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, mask* __vec) const 
-    { 
-        return do_is(__low, __high, __vec); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const char_type* scan_is(mask __m, const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const 
-    { 
-        return do_scan_is(__m, __low, __high); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const char_type* scan_not(mask __m, const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const 
-    { 
-        return do_scan_not(__m, __low, __high); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    char_type toupper(char_type __c) const 
-    { 
-        return do_toupper(__c); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const char_type* toupper(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const 
-    { 
-        return do_toupper(__low, __high); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    char_type tolower(char_type __c) const 
-    { 
-        return do_tolower(__c); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const char_type* tolower(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const 
-    { 
-        return do_tolower(__low, __high); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    char_type widen(char __c) const 
-    { 
-        return do_widen(__c); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const char* widen(const char* __low, const char* __high, char_type* __to) const 
-    { 
-        return do_widen(__low, __high, __to); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    char narrow(char_type __c, char __dfault) const 
-    { 
-        return do_narrow(__c, __dfault); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const char_type* narrow(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, char __dfault, char* __to) const 
-    { 
-        return do_narrow(__low, __high, __dfault, __to); 
-    } 
- 
-    static locale::id id; 
- 
-protected: 
-    ~ctype(); 
-    virtual bool do_is(mask __m, char_type __c) const; 
-    virtual const char_type* do_is(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, mask* __vec) const; 
-    virtual const char_type* do_scan_is(mask __m, const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const; 
-    virtual const char_type* do_scan_not(mask __m, const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const; 
-    virtual char_type do_toupper(char_type) const; 
-    virtual const char_type* do_toupper(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const; 
-    virtual char_type do_tolower(char_type) const; 
-    virtual const char_type* do_tolower(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const; 
-    virtual char_type do_widen(char) const; 
-    virtual const char* do_widen(const char* __low, const char* __high, char_type* __dest) const; 
-    virtual char do_narrow(char_type, char __dfault) const; 
-    virtual const char_type* do_narrow(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, char __dfault, char* __dest) const; 
-}; 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
- 
-template <> 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS ctype<char> 
-    : public locale::facet, public ctype_base 
-{ 
-    const mask* __tab_; 
-    bool        __del_; 
-public: 
-    typedef char char_type; 
- 
-    explicit ctype(const mask* __tab = nullptr, bool __del = false, size_t __refs = 0); 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    bool is(mask __m, char_type __c) const 
-    { 
-        return isascii(__c) ? (__tab_[static_cast<int>(__c)] & __m) !=0 : false; 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const char_type* is(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, mask* __vec) const 
-    { 
-        for (; __low != __high; ++__low, ++__vec) 
-            *__vec = isascii(*__low) ? __tab_[static_cast<int>(*__low)] : 0; 
-        return __low; 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const char_type* scan_is (mask __m, const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const 
-    { 
-        for (; __low != __high; ++__low) 
-            if (isascii(*__low) && (__tab_[static_cast<int>(*__low)] & __m)) 
-                break; 
-        return __low; 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const char_type* scan_not(mask __m, const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const 
-    { 
-        for (; __low != __high; ++__low) 
-            if (!(isascii(*__low) && (__tab_[static_cast<int>(*__low)] & __m))) 
-                break; 
-        return __low; 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    char_type toupper(char_type __c) const 
-    { 
-        return do_toupper(__c); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const char_type* toupper(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const 
-    { 
-        return do_toupper(__low, __high); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    char_type tolower(char_type __c) const 
-    { 
-        return do_tolower(__c); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const char_type* tolower(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const 
-    { 
-        return do_tolower(__low, __high); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    char_type widen(char __c) const 
-    { 
-        return do_widen(__c); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const char* widen(const char* __low, const char* __high, char_type* __to) const 
-    { 
-        return do_widen(__low, __high, __to); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    char narrow(char_type __c, char __dfault) const 
-    { 
-        return do_narrow(__c, __dfault); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    const char* narrow(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, char __dfault, char* __to) const 
-    { 
-        return do_narrow(__low, __high, __dfault, __to); 
-    } 
- 
-    static locale::id id; 
- 
-#ifdef _CACHED_RUNES 
-    static const size_t table_size = _CACHED_RUNES; 
-#else 
-    static const size_t table_size = 256;  // FIXME: Don't hardcode this. 
-#endif 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY const mask* table() const  _NOEXCEPT {return __tab_;} 
-    static const mask* classic_table()  _NOEXCEPT; 
-#if defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) 
-    static const int* __classic_upper_table() _NOEXCEPT; 
-    static const int* __classic_lower_table() _NOEXCEPT; 
-#endif 
-#if defined(__NetBSD__) 
-    static const short* __classic_upper_table() _NOEXCEPT; 
-    static const short* __classic_lower_table() _NOEXCEPT; 
-#endif 
- 
-protected: 
-    ~ctype(); 
-    virtual char_type do_toupper(char_type __c) const; 
-    virtual const char_type* do_toupper(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const; 
-    virtual char_type do_tolower(char_type __c) const; 
-    virtual const char_type* do_tolower(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const; 
-    virtual char_type do_widen(char __c) const; 
-    virtual const char* do_widen(const char* __low, const char* __high, char_type* __to) const; 
-    virtual char do_narrow(char_type __c, char __dfault) const; 
-    virtual const char* do_narrow(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, char __dfault, char* __to) const; 
-}; 
- 
-// template <class CharT> class ctype_byname; 
- 
-template <class _CharT> class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS ctype_byname; 
- 
-template <> 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS ctype_byname<char> 
-    : public ctype<char> 
-{ 
-    locale_t __l; 
- 
-public: 
-    explicit ctype_byname(const char*, size_t = 0); 
-    explicit ctype_byname(const string&, size_t = 0); 
- 
-protected: 
-    ~ctype_byname(); 
-    virtual char_type do_toupper(char_type) const; 
-    virtual const char_type* do_toupper(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const; 
-    virtual char_type do_tolower(char_type) const; 
-    virtual const char_type* do_tolower(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const; 
-}; 
- 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
-template <> 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS ctype_byname<wchar_t> 
-    : public ctype<wchar_t> 
-{ 
-    locale_t __l; 
- 
-public: 
-    explicit ctype_byname(const char*, size_t = 0); 
-    explicit ctype_byname(const string&, size_t = 0); 
- 
-protected: 
-    ~ctype_byname(); 
-    virtual bool do_is(mask __m, char_type __c) const; 
-    virtual const char_type* do_is(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, mask* __vec) const; 
-    virtual const char_type* do_scan_is(mask __m, const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const; 
-    virtual const char_type* do_scan_not(mask __m, const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const; 
-    virtual char_type do_toupper(char_type) const; 
-    virtual const char_type* do_toupper(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const; 
-    virtual char_type do_tolower(char_type) const; 
-    virtual const char_type* do_tolower(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const; 
-    virtual char_type do_widen(char) const; 
-    virtual const char* do_widen(const char* __low, const char* __high, char_type* __dest) const; 
-    virtual char do_narrow(char_type, char __dfault) const; 
-    virtual const char_type* do_narrow(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, char __dfault, char* __dest) const; 
-}; 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-isspace(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc) 
-{ 
-    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::space, __c); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-isprint(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc) 
-{ 
-    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::print, __c); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-iscntrl(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc) 
-{ 
-    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::cntrl, __c); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-isupper(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc) 
-{ 
-    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::upper, __c); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-islower(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc) 
-{ 
-    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::lower, __c); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-isalpha(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc) 
-{ 
-    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::alpha, __c); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-isdigit(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc) 
-{ 
-    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::digit, __c); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-ispunct(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc) 
-{ 
-    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::punct, __c); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-isxdigit(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc) 
-{ 
-    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::xdigit, __c); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-isalnum(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc) 
-{ 
-    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::alnum, __c); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-bool 
-isgraph(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc) 
-{ 
-    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::graph, __c); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-_CharT 
-toupper(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc) 
-{ 
-    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).toupper(__c); 
-} 
- 
-template <class _CharT> 
-inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-_CharT 
-tolower(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc) 
-{ 
-    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).tolower(__c); 
-} 
- 
-// codecvt_base 
- 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS codecvt_base 
-{ 
-public: 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY codecvt_base() {} 
-    enum result {ok, partial, error, noconv}; 
-}; 
- 
-// template <class internT, class externT, class stateT> class codecvt; 
- 
-template <class _InternT, class _ExternT, class _StateT> class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS codecvt; 
- 
-// template <> class codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> 
- 
-template <> 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t> 
-    : public locale::facet, 
-      public codecvt_base 
-{ 
-public: 
-    typedef char      intern_type; 
-    typedef char      extern_type; 
-    typedef mbstate_t state_type; 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit codecvt(size_t __refs = 0) 
-        : locale::facet(__refs) {} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result out(state_type& __st, 
-               const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-               extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_out(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result unshift(state_type& __st, 
-                   extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_unshift(__st, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result in(state_type& __st, 
-              const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-              intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_in(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_encoding(); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    bool always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_always_noconv(); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int length(state_type& __st, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const 
-    { 
-        return do_length(__st, __frm, __end, __mx); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_max_length(); 
-    } 
- 
-    static locale::id id; 
- 
-protected: 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit codecvt(const char*, size_t __refs = 0) 
-        : locale::facet(__refs) {} 
- 
-    ~codecvt(); 
- 
-    virtual result do_out(state_type& __st, 
-                          const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-                          extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual result do_in(state_type& __st, 
-                         const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-                         intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual result do_unshift(state_type& __st, 
-                              extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual int do_encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-    virtual bool do_always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-    virtual int do_length(state_type& __st, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const; 
-    virtual int do_max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-}; 
- 
-// template <> class codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> 
- 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
-template <> 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t> 
-    : public locale::facet, 
-      public codecvt_base 
-{ 
-    locale_t __l; 
-public: 
-    typedef wchar_t   intern_type; 
-    typedef char      extern_type; 
-    typedef mbstate_t state_type; 
- 
-    explicit codecvt(size_t __refs = 0); 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result out(state_type& __st, 
-               const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-               extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_out(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result unshift(state_type& __st, 
-                   extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_unshift(__st, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result in(state_type& __st, 
-              const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-              intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_in(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_encoding(); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    bool always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_always_noconv(); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int length(state_type& __st, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const 
-    { 
-        return do_length(__st, __frm, __end, __mx); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_max_length(); 
-    } 
- 
-    static locale::id id; 
- 
-protected: 
-    explicit codecvt(const char*, size_t __refs = 0); 
- 
-    ~codecvt(); 
- 
-    virtual result do_out(state_type& __st, 
-                          const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-                          extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual result do_in(state_type& __st, 
-                         const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-                         intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual result do_unshift(state_type& __st, 
-                              extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual int do_encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-    virtual bool do_always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-    virtual int do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const; 
-    virtual int do_max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-}; 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
- 
-// template <> class codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t> // deprecated in C++20 
- 
-template <> 
-class _LIBCPP_DEPRECATED_IN_CXX20 _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t> 
-    : public locale::facet, 
-      public codecvt_base 
-{ 
-public: 
-    typedef char16_t  intern_type; 
-    typedef char      extern_type; 
-    typedef mbstate_t state_type; 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit codecvt(size_t __refs = 0) 
-        : locale::facet(__refs) {} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result out(state_type& __st, 
-               const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-               extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_out(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result unshift(state_type& __st, 
-                   extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_unshift(__st, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result in(state_type& __st, 
-              const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-              intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_in(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_encoding(); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    bool always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_always_noconv(); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int length(state_type& __st, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const 
-    { 
-        return do_length(__st, __frm, __end, __mx); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_max_length(); 
-    } 
- 
-    static locale::id id; 
- 
-protected: 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit codecvt(const char*, size_t __refs = 0) 
-        : locale::facet(__refs) {} 
- 
-    ~codecvt(); 
- 
-    virtual result do_out(state_type& __st, 
-                          const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-                          extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual result do_in(state_type& __st, 
-                         const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-                         intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual result do_unshift(state_type& __st, 
-                              extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual int do_encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-    virtual bool do_always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-    virtual int do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const; 
-    virtual int do_max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-}; 
- 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T 
- 
-// template <> class codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t> // C++20 
- 
-template <> 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t> 
-    : public locale::facet, 
-      public codecvt_base 
-{ 
-public: 
-    typedef char16_t  intern_type; 
-    typedef char8_t   extern_type; 
-    typedef mbstate_t state_type; 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit codecvt(size_t __refs = 0) 
-        : locale::facet(__refs) {} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result out(state_type& __st, 
-               const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-               extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_out(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result unshift(state_type& __st, 
-                   extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_unshift(__st, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result in(state_type& __st, 
-              const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-              intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_in(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_encoding(); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    bool always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_always_noconv(); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int length(state_type& __st, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const 
-    { 
-        return do_length(__st, __frm, __end, __mx); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_max_length(); 
-    } 
- 
-    static locale::id id; 
- 
-protected: 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit codecvt(const char*, size_t __refs = 0) 
-        : locale::facet(__refs) {} 
- 
-    ~codecvt(); 
- 
-    virtual result do_out(state_type& __st, 
-                          const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-                          extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual result do_in(state_type& __st, 
-                         const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-                         intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual result do_unshift(state_type& __st, 
-                              extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual int do_encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-    virtual bool do_always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-    virtual int do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const; 
-    virtual int do_max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-}; 
- 
-#endif 
- 
-// template <> class codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t> // deprecated in C++20 
- 
-template <> 
-class _LIBCPP_DEPRECATED_IN_CXX20 _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t> 
-    : public locale::facet, 
-      public codecvt_base 
-{ 
-public: 
-    typedef char32_t  intern_type; 
-    typedef char      extern_type; 
-    typedef mbstate_t state_type; 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit codecvt(size_t __refs = 0) 
-        : locale::facet(__refs) {} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result out(state_type& __st, 
-               const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-               extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_out(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result unshift(state_type& __st, 
-                   extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_unshift(__st, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result in(state_type& __st, 
-              const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-              intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_in(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_encoding(); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    bool always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_always_noconv(); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int length(state_type& __st, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const 
-    { 
-        return do_length(__st, __frm, __end, __mx); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_max_length(); 
-    } 
- 
-    static locale::id id; 
- 
-protected: 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit codecvt(const char*, size_t __refs = 0) 
-        : locale::facet(__refs) {} 
- 
-    ~codecvt(); 
- 
-    virtual result do_out(state_type& __st, 
-                          const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-                          extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual result do_in(state_type& __st, 
-                         const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-                         intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual result do_unshift(state_type& __st, 
-                              extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual int do_encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-    virtual bool do_always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-    virtual int do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const; 
-    virtual int do_max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-}; 
- 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T 
- 
-// template <> class codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t> // C++20 
- 
-template <> 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t> 
-    : public locale::facet, 
-      public codecvt_base 
-{ 
-public: 
-    typedef char32_t  intern_type; 
-    typedef char8_t   extern_type; 
-    typedef mbstate_t state_type; 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit codecvt(size_t __refs = 0) 
-        : locale::facet(__refs) {} 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result out(state_type& __st, 
-               const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-               extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_out(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result unshift(state_type& __st, 
-                   extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_unshift(__st, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    result in(state_type& __st, 
-              const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-              intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const 
-    { 
-        return do_in(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_encoding(); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    bool always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_always_noconv(); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int length(state_type& __st, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const 
-    { 
-        return do_length(__st, __frm, __end, __mx); 
-    } 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    int max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT 
-    { 
-        return do_max_length(); 
-    } 
- 
-    static locale::id id; 
- 
-protected: 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit codecvt(const char*, size_t __refs = 0) 
-        : locale::facet(__refs) {} 
- 
-    ~codecvt(); 
- 
-    virtual result do_out(state_type& __st, 
-                          const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-                          extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual result do_in(state_type& __st, 
-                         const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt, 
-                         intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual result do_unshift(state_type& __st, 
-                              extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const; 
-    virtual int do_encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-    virtual bool do_always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-    virtual int do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const; 
-    virtual int do_max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT; 
-}; 
- 
-#endif 
- 
-// template <class _InternT, class _ExternT, class _StateT> class codecvt_byname 
- 
-template <class _InternT, class _ExternT, class _StateT> 
-class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS codecvt_byname 
-    : public codecvt<_InternT, _ExternT, _StateT> 
-{ 
-public: 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit codecvt_byname(const char* __nm, size_t __refs = 0) 
-        : codecvt<_InternT, _ExternT, _StateT>(__nm, __refs) {} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    explicit codecvt_byname(const string& __nm, size_t __refs = 0) 
-        : codecvt<_InternT, _ExternT, _StateT>(__nm.c_str(), __refs) {} 
-protected: 
-    ~codecvt_byname(); 
-}; 
- 
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH 
-template <class _InternT, class _ExternT, class _StateT> 
-codecvt_byname<_InternT, _ExternT, _StateT>::~codecvt_byname() 
-{ 
-} 
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP 
- 
-_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_EVEN_IN_DEBUG_MODE(class _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_TYPE_VIS codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>) 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
-_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_EVEN_IN_DEBUG_MODE(class _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_TYPE_VIS codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>) 
-#endif 
-_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_EVEN_IN_DEBUG_MODE(class _LIBCPP_DEPRECATED_IN_CXX20 _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_TYPE_VIS codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>) // deprecated in C++20 
-_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_EVEN_IN_DEBUG_MODE(class _LIBCPP_DEPRECATED_IN_CXX20 _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_TYPE_VIS codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>) // deprecated in C++20 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T 
-_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_EVEN_IN_DEBUG_MODE(class _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_TYPE_VIS codecvt_byname<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>) // C++20 
-_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_EVEN_IN_DEBUG_MODE(class _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_TYPE_VIS codecvt_byname<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>) // C++20 
-#endif 
- 
-template <size_t _Np> 
-struct __narrow_to_utf8 
-{ 
-    template <class _OutputIterator, class _CharT> 
-    _OutputIterator 
-    operator()(_OutputIterator __s, const _CharT* __wb, const _CharT* __we) const; 
-}; 
- 
-template <> 
-struct __narrow_to_utf8<8> 
-{ 
-    template <class _OutputIterator, class _CharT> 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    _OutputIterator 
-    operator()(_OutputIterator __s, const _CharT* __wb, const _CharT* __we) const 
-    { 
-        for (; __wb < __we; ++__wb, ++__s) 
-            *__s = *__wb; 
-        return __s; 
-    } 
-}; 
- 
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH 
-template <> 
-struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __narrow_to_utf8<16> 
-    : public codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t> 
-{ 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    __narrow_to_utf8() : codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>(1) {} 
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP 
- 
-    ~__narrow_to_utf8(); 
- 
-    template <class _OutputIterator, class _CharT> 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    _OutputIterator 
-    operator()(_OutputIterator __s, const _CharT* __wb, const _CharT* __we) const 
-    { 
-        result __r = ok; 
-        mbstate_t __mb; 
-        while (__wb < __we && __r != error) 
-        { 
-            const int __sz = 32; 
-            char __buf[__sz]; 
-            char* __bn; 
-            const char16_t* __wn = (const char16_t*)__wb; 
-            __r = do_out(__mb, (const char16_t*)__wb, (const char16_t*)__we, __wn, 
-                         __buf, __buf+__sz, __bn); 
-            if (__r == codecvt_base::error || __wn == (const char16_t*)__wb) 
-                __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
-            for (const char* __p = __buf; __p < __bn; ++__p, ++__s) 
-                *__s = *__p; 
-            __wb = (const _CharT*)__wn; 
-        } 
-        return __s; 
-    } 
-}; 
- 
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH 
-template <> 
-struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __narrow_to_utf8<32> 
-    : public codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t> 
-{ 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    __narrow_to_utf8() : codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>(1) {} 
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP 
- 
-    ~__narrow_to_utf8(); 
- 
-    template <class _OutputIterator, class _CharT> 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    _OutputIterator 
-    operator()(_OutputIterator __s, const _CharT* __wb, const _CharT* __we) const 
-    { 
-        result __r = ok; 
-        mbstate_t __mb; 
-        while (__wb < __we && __r != error) 
-        { 
-            const int __sz = 32; 
-            char __buf[__sz]; 
-            char* __bn; 
-            const char32_t* __wn = (const char32_t*)__wb; 
-            __r = do_out(__mb, (const char32_t*)__wb, (const char32_t*)__we, __wn, 
-                         __buf, __buf+__sz, __bn); 
-            if (__r == codecvt_base::error || __wn == (const char32_t*)__wb) 
-                __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
-            for (const char* __p = __buf; __p < __bn; ++__p, ++__s) 
-                *__s = *__p; 
-            __wb = (const _CharT*)__wn; 
-        } 
-        return __s; 
-    } 
-}; 
- 
-template <size_t _Np> 
-struct __widen_from_utf8 
-{ 
-    template <class _OutputIterator> 
-    _OutputIterator 
-    operator()(_OutputIterator __s, const char* __nb, const char* __ne) const; 
-}; 
- 
-template <> 
-struct __widen_from_utf8<8> 
-{ 
-    template <class _OutputIterator> 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    _OutputIterator 
-    operator()(_OutputIterator __s, const char* __nb, const char* __ne) const 
-    { 
-        for (; __nb < __ne; ++__nb, ++__s) 
-            *__s = *__nb; 
-        return __s; 
-    } 
-}; 
- 
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH 
-template <> 
-struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __widen_from_utf8<16> 
-    : public codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t> 
-{ 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    __widen_from_utf8() : codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>(1) {} 
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP 
- 
-    ~__widen_from_utf8(); 
- 
-    template <class _OutputIterator> 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    _OutputIterator 
-    operator()(_OutputIterator __s, const char* __nb, const char* __ne) const 
-    { 
-        result __r = ok; 
-        mbstate_t __mb; 
-        while (__nb < __ne && __r != error) 
-        { 
-            const int __sz = 32; 
-            char16_t __buf[__sz]; 
-            char16_t* __bn; 
-            const char* __nn = __nb; 
-            __r = do_in(__mb, __nb, __ne - __nb > __sz ? __nb+__sz : __ne, __nn, 
-                        __buf, __buf+__sz, __bn); 
-            if (__r == codecvt_base::error || __nn == __nb) 
-                __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
-            for (const char16_t* __p = __buf; __p < __bn; ++__p, ++__s) 
-                *__s = *__p; 
-            __nb = __nn; 
-        } 
-        return __s; 
-    } 
-}; 
- 
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH 
-template <> 
-struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __widen_from_utf8<32> 
-    : public codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t> 
-{ 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    __widen_from_utf8() : codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>(1) {} 
-_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP 
- 
-    ~__widen_from_utf8(); 
- 
-    template <class _OutputIterator> 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY 
-    _OutputIterator 
-    operator()(_OutputIterator __s, const char* __nb, const char* __ne) const 
-    { 
-        result __r = ok; 
-        mbstate_t __mb; 
-        while (__nb < __ne && __r != error) 
-        { 
-            const int __sz = 32; 
-            char32_t __buf[__sz]; 
-            char32_t* __bn; 
-            const char* __nn = __nb; 
-            __r = do_in(__mb, __nb, __ne - __nb > __sz ? __nb+__sz : __ne, __nn, 
-                        __buf, __buf+__sz, __bn); 
-            if (__r == codecvt_base::error || __nn == __nb) 
-                __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported"); 
-            for (const char32_t* __p = __buf; __p < __bn; ++__p, ++__s) 
-                *__s = *__p; 
-            __nb = __nn; 
-        } 
-        return __s; 
-    } 
-}; 
- 
-// template <class charT> class numpunct 
- 
-template <class _CharT> class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS numpunct; 
- 
-template <> 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS numpunct<char> 
-    : public locale::facet 
-{ 
-public: 
-    typedef char char_type; 
-    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type; 
- 
-    explicit numpunct(size_t __refs = 0); 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY char_type decimal_point() const {return do_decimal_point();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY char_type thousands_sep() const {return do_thousands_sep();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY string grouping() const         {return do_grouping();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY string_type truename() const    {return do_truename();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY string_type falsename() const   {return do_falsename();} 
- 
-    static locale::id id; 
- 
-protected: 
-    ~numpunct(); 
-    virtual char_type do_decimal_point() const; 
-    virtual char_type do_thousands_sep() const; 
-    virtual string do_grouping() const; 
-    virtual string_type do_truename() const; 
-    virtual string_type do_falsename() const; 
- 
-    char_type __decimal_point_; 
-    char_type __thousands_sep_; 
-    string __grouping_; 
-}; 
- 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
-template <> 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS numpunct<wchar_t> 
-    : public locale::facet 
-{ 
-public: 
-    typedef wchar_t char_type; 
-    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type; 
- 
-    explicit numpunct(size_t __refs = 0); 
- 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY char_type decimal_point() const {return do_decimal_point();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY char_type thousands_sep() const {return do_thousands_sep();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY string grouping() const         {return do_grouping();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY string_type truename() const    {return do_truename();} 
-    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY string_type falsename() const   {return do_falsename();} 
- 
-    static locale::id id; 
- 
-protected: 
-    ~numpunct(); 
-    virtual char_type do_decimal_point() const; 
-    virtual char_type do_thousands_sep() const; 
-    virtual string do_grouping() const; 
-    virtual string_type do_truename() const; 
-    virtual string_type do_falsename() const; 
- 
-    char_type __decimal_point_; 
-    char_type __thousands_sep_; 
-    string __grouping_; 
-}; 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
- 
-// template <class charT> class numpunct_byname 
- 
-template <class _CharT> class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS numpunct_byname; 
- 
-template <> 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS numpunct_byname<char> 
-: public numpunct<char> 
-{ 
-public: 
-    typedef char char_type; 
-    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type; 
- 
-    explicit numpunct_byname(const char* __nm, size_t __refs = 0); 
-    explicit numpunct_byname(const string& __nm, size_t __refs = 0); 
- 
-protected: 
-    ~numpunct_byname(); 
- 
-private: 
-    void __init(const char*); 
-}; 
- 
-#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
-template <> 
-class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS numpunct_byname<wchar_t> 
-: public numpunct<wchar_t> 
-{ 
-public: 
-    typedef wchar_t char_type; 
-    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type; 
- 
-    explicit numpunct_byname(const char* __nm, size_t __refs = 0); 
-    explicit numpunct_byname(const string& __nm, size_t __refs = 0); 
- 
-protected: 
-    ~numpunct_byname(); 
- 
-private: 
-    void __init(const char*); 
-}; 
-#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS 
- 
-_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD 
- 
-#endif // _LIBCPP___LOCALE 
+    }
+    static const char* __setlocale(const char* __locale) {
+      const char* __new_locale = setlocale(LC_ALL, __locale);
+      if (__new_locale == nullptr)
+        __throw_bad_alloc();
+      return __new_locale;
+    }
+    int __status;
+    char* __locale_all = nullptr;
+};
+#endif
+
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS locale;
+
+template <class _Facet>
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+has_facet(const locale&) _NOEXCEPT;
+
+template <class _Facet>
+_LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+const _Facet&
+use_facet(const locale&);
+
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS locale
+{
+public:
+    // types:
+    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS facet;
+    class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS id;
+
+    typedef int category;
+    _LIBCPP_AVAILABILITY_LOCALE_CATEGORY
+    static const category // values assigned here are for exposition only
+        none     = 0,
+        collate  = LC_COLLATE_MASK,
+        ctype    = LC_CTYPE_MASK,
+        monetary = LC_MONETARY_MASK,
+        numeric  = LC_NUMERIC_MASK,
+        time     = LC_TIME_MASK,
+        messages = LC_MESSAGES_MASK,
+        all = collate | ctype | monetary | numeric | time | messages;
+
+    // construct/copy/destroy:
+    locale()  _NOEXCEPT;
+    locale(const locale&)  _NOEXCEPT;
+    explicit locale(const char*);
+    explicit locale(const string&);
+    locale(const locale&, const char*, category);
+    locale(const locale&, const string&, category);
+    template <class _Facet>
+        _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY locale(const locale&, _Facet*);
+    locale(const locale&, const locale&, category);
+
+    ~locale();
+
+    const locale& operator=(const locale&)  _NOEXCEPT;
+
+    template <class _Facet>
+      _LIBCPP_METHOD_TEMPLATE_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION_VIS
+      locale combine(const locale&) const;
+
+    // locale operations:
+    string name() const;
+    bool operator==(const locale&) const;
+    bool operator!=(const locale& __y) const {return !(*this == __y);}
+    template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Allocator>
+      _LIBCPP_METHOD_TEMPLATE_IMPLICIT_INSTANTIATION_VIS
+      bool operator()(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>&,
+                      const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>&) const;
+
+    // global locale objects:
+    static locale global(const locale&);
+    static const locale& classic();
+
+private:
+    class __imp;
+    __imp* __locale_;
+
+    void __install_ctor(const locale&, facet*, long);
+    static locale& __global();
+    bool has_facet(id&) const;
+    const facet* use_facet(id&) const;
+
+    template <class _Facet> friend bool has_facet(const locale&)  _NOEXCEPT;
+    template <class _Facet> friend const _Facet& use_facet(const locale&);
+};
+
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS locale::facet
+    : public __shared_count
+{
+protected:
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit facet(size_t __refs = 0)
+        : __shared_count(static_cast<long>(__refs)-1) {}
+
+    virtual ~facet();
+
+//    facet(const facet&) = delete;     // effectively done in __shared_count
+//    void operator=(const facet&) = delete;
+private:
+    virtual void __on_zero_shared() _NOEXCEPT;
+};
+
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS locale::id
+{
+    std::atomic<int32_t>        __id_;
+
+    static int32_t __next_id;
+public:
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR id() :__id_(0) {}
+private:
+    void operator=(const id&); // = delete;
+    id(const id&); // = delete;
+public:  // only needed for tests
+    long __get();
+
+    friend class locale;
+    friend class locale::__imp;
+};
+
+template <class _Facet>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+locale::locale(const locale& __other, _Facet* __f)
+{
+    __install_ctor(__other, __f, __f ? __f->id.__get() : 0);
+}
+
+template <class _Facet>
+locale
+locale::combine(const locale& __other) const
+{
+    if (!_VSTD::has_facet<_Facet>(__other))
+        __throw_runtime_error("locale::combine: locale missing facet");
+
+    return locale(*this, &const_cast<_Facet&>(_VSTD::use_facet<_Facet>(__other)));
+}
+
+template <class _Facet>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+has_facet(const locale& __l)  _NOEXCEPT
+{
+    return __l.has_facet(_Facet::id);
+}
+
+template <class _Facet>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+const _Facet&
+use_facet(const locale& __l)
+{
+    return static_cast<const _Facet&>(*__l.use_facet(_Facet::id));
+}
+
+// template <class _CharT> class collate;
+
+template <class _CharT>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS collate
+    : public locale::facet
+{
+public:
+    typedef _CharT char_type;
+    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit collate(size_t __refs = 0)
+        : locale::facet(__refs) {}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1,
+                const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const
+    {
+        return do_compare(__lo1, __hi1, __lo2, __hi2);
+    }
+
+// Disable double inline warning.
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
+#pragma warning ( push )
+#pragma warning ( disable : 4141 )
+#endif
+    // FIXME(EricWF): The _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE is needed on Windows to work
+    // around a dllimport bug that expects an external instantiation.
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _LIBCPP_ALWAYS_INLINE
+    string_type transform(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const
+    {
+        return do_transform(__lo, __hi);
+    }
+#ifdef _LIBCPP_COMPILER_MSVC
+#pragma warning ( pop )
+#endif
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    long hash(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const
+    {
+        return do_hash(__lo, __hi);
+    }
+
+    static locale::id id;
+
+protected:
+    ~collate();
+    virtual int do_compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1,
+                           const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const;
+    virtual string_type do_transform(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const
+        {return string_type(__lo, __hi);}
+    virtual long do_hash(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const;
+};
+
+template <class _CharT> locale::id collate<_CharT>::id;
+
+template <class _CharT>
+collate<_CharT>::~collate()
+{
+}
+
+template <class _CharT>
+int
+collate<_CharT>::do_compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1,
+                            const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const
+{
+    for (; __lo2 != __hi2; ++__lo1, ++__lo2)
+    {
+        if (__lo1 == __hi1 || *__lo1 < *__lo2)
+            return -1;
+        if (*__lo2 < *__lo1)
+            return 1;
+    }
+    return __lo1 != __hi1;
+}
+
+template <class _CharT>
+long
+collate<_CharT>::do_hash(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const
+{
+    size_t __h = 0;
+    const size_t __sr = __CHAR_BIT__ * sizeof(size_t) - 8;
+    const size_t __mask = size_t(0xF) << (__sr + 4);
+    for(const char_type* __p = __lo; __p != __hi; ++__p)
+    {
+        __h = (__h << 4) + static_cast<size_t>(*__p);
+        size_t __g = __h & __mask;
+        __h ^= __g | (__g >> __sr);
+    }
+    return static_cast<long>(__h);
+}
+
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_EVEN_IN_DEBUG_MODE(class _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_TYPE_VIS collate<char>)
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_EVEN_IN_DEBUG_MODE(class _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_TYPE_VIS collate<wchar_t>)
+#endif
+
+// template <class CharT> class collate_byname;
+
+template <class _CharT> class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS collate_byname;
+
+template <>
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS collate_byname<char>
+    : public collate<char>
+{
+    locale_t __l;
+public:
+    typedef char char_type;
+    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type;
+
+    explicit collate_byname(const char* __n, size_t __refs = 0);
+    explicit collate_byname(const string& __n, size_t __refs = 0);
+
+protected:
+    ~collate_byname();
+    virtual int do_compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1,
+                           const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const;
+    virtual string_type do_transform(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const;
+};
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
+template <>
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS collate_byname<wchar_t>
+    : public collate<wchar_t>
+{
+    locale_t __l;
+public:
+    typedef wchar_t char_type;
+    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type;
+
+    explicit collate_byname(const char* __n, size_t __refs = 0);
+    explicit collate_byname(const string& __n, size_t __refs = 0);
+
+protected:
+    ~collate_byname();
+
+    virtual int do_compare(const char_type* __lo1, const char_type* __hi1,
+                           const char_type* __lo2, const char_type* __hi2) const;
+    virtual string_type do_transform(const char_type* __lo, const char_type* __hi) const;
+};
+#endif
+
+template <class _CharT, class _Traits, class _Allocator>
+bool
+locale::operator()(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>& __x,
+                   const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Allocator>& __y) const
+{
+    return _VSTD::use_facet<_VSTD::collate<_CharT> >(*this).compare(
+                                       __x.data(), __x.data() + __x.size(),
+                                       __y.data(), __y.data() + __y.size()) < 0;
+}
+
+// template <class charT> class ctype
+
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS ctype_base
+{
+public:
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_PROVIDES_DEFAULT_RUNE_TABLE)
+    typedef unsigned long mask;
+    static const mask space  = 1<<0;
+    static const mask print  = 1<<1;
+    static const mask cntrl  = 1<<2;
+    static const mask upper  = 1<<3;
+    static const mask lower  = 1<<4;
+    static const mask alpha  = 1<<5;
+    static const mask digit  = 1<<6;
+    static const mask punct  = 1<<7;
+    static const mask xdigit = 1<<8;
+    static const mask blank  = 1<<9;
+#if defined(__BIONIC__)
+    // Historically this was a part of regex_traits rather than ctype_base. The
+    // historical value of the constant is preserved for ABI compatibility.
+    static const mask __regex_word = 0x8000;
+#else
+    static const mask __regex_word = 1<<10;
+#endif // defined(__BIONIC__)
+#elif defined(__GLIBC__)
+    typedef unsigned short mask;
+    static const mask space  = _ISspace;
+    static const mask print  = _ISprint;
+    static const mask cntrl  = _IScntrl;
+    static const mask upper  = _ISupper;
+    static const mask lower  = _ISlower;
+    static const mask alpha  = _ISalpha;
+    static const mask digit  = _ISdigit;
+    static const mask punct  = _ISpunct;
+    static const mask xdigit = _ISxdigit;
+    static const mask blank  = _ISblank;
+#if defined(__mips__)
+    static const mask __regex_word = static_cast<mask>(_ISbit(15));
+#else
+    static const mask __regex_word = 0x80;
+#endif
+#elif defined(_LIBCPP_MSVCRT_LIKE)
+    typedef unsigned short mask;
+    static const mask space  = _SPACE;
+    static const mask print  = _BLANK|_PUNCT|_ALPHA|_DIGIT;
+    static const mask cntrl  = _CONTROL;
+    static const mask upper  = _UPPER;
+    static const mask lower  = _LOWER;
+    static const mask alpha  = _ALPHA;
+    static const mask digit  = _DIGIT;
+    static const mask punct  = _PUNCT;
+    static const mask xdigit = _HEX;
+    static const mask blank  = _BLANK;
+    static const mask __regex_word = 0x80;
+# define _LIBCPP_CTYPE_MASK_IS_COMPOSITE_PRINT
+#elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
+# ifdef __APPLE__
+    typedef __uint32_t mask;
+# elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
+    typedef unsigned long mask;
+# elif defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
+    typedef unsigned short mask;
+# endif
+    static const mask space  = _CTYPE_S;
+    static const mask print  = _CTYPE_R;
+    static const mask cntrl  = _CTYPE_C;
+    static const mask upper  = _CTYPE_U;
+    static const mask lower  = _CTYPE_L;
+    static const mask alpha  = _CTYPE_A;
+    static const mask digit  = _CTYPE_D;
+    static const mask punct  = _CTYPE_P;
+    static const mask xdigit = _CTYPE_X;
+
+# if defined(__NetBSD__)
+    static const mask blank  = _CTYPE_BL;
+    // NetBSD defines classes up to 0x2000
+    // see sys/ctype_bits.h, _CTYPE_Q
+    static const mask __regex_word = 0x8000;
+# else
+    static const mask blank  = _CTYPE_B;
+    static const mask __regex_word = 0x80;
+# endif
+#elif defined(__sun__) || defined(_AIX)
+    typedef unsigned int mask;
+    static const mask space  = _ISSPACE;
+    static const mask print  = _ISPRINT;
+    static const mask cntrl  = _ISCNTRL;
+    static const mask upper  = _ISUPPER;
+    static const mask lower  = _ISLOWER;
+    static const mask alpha  = _ISALPHA;
+    static const mask digit  = _ISDIGIT;
+    static const mask punct  = _ISPUNCT;
+    static const mask xdigit = _ISXDIGIT;
+    static const mask blank  = _ISBLANK;
+    static const mask __regex_word = 0x80;
+#elif defined(_NEWLIB_VERSION)
+    // Same type as Newlib's _ctype_ array in newlib/libc/include/ctype.h.
+    typedef char mask;
+    static const mask space  = _S;
+    static const mask print  = _P | _U | _L | _N | _B;
+    static const mask cntrl  = _C;
+    static const mask upper  = _U;
+    static const mask lower  = _L;
+    static const mask alpha  = _U | _L;
+    static const mask digit  = _N;
+    static const mask punct  = _P;
+    static const mask xdigit = _X | _N;
+    static const mask blank  = _B;
+    static const mask __regex_word = 0x80;
+# define _LIBCPP_CTYPE_MASK_IS_COMPOSITE_PRINT
+# define _LIBCPP_CTYPE_MASK_IS_COMPOSITE_ALPHA
+# define _LIBCPP_CTYPE_MASK_IS_COMPOSITE_XDIGIT
+#else
+# error unknown rune table for this platform -- do you mean to define _LIBCPP_PROVIDES_DEFAULT_RUNE_TABLE?
+#endif
+    static const mask alnum  = alpha | digit;
+    static const mask graph  = alnum | punct;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY ctype_base() {}
+};
+
+template <class _CharT> class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS ctype;
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
+template <>
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS ctype<wchar_t>
+    : public locale::facet,
+      public ctype_base
+{
+public:
+    typedef wchar_t char_type;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit ctype(size_t __refs = 0)
+        : locale::facet(__refs) {}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool is(mask __m, char_type __c) const
+    {
+        return do_is(__m, __c);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const char_type* is(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, mask* __vec) const
+    {
+        return do_is(__low, __high, __vec);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const char_type* scan_is(mask __m, const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const
+    {
+        return do_scan_is(__m, __low, __high);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const char_type* scan_not(mask __m, const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const
+    {
+        return do_scan_not(__m, __low, __high);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    char_type toupper(char_type __c) const
+    {
+        return do_toupper(__c);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const char_type* toupper(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const
+    {
+        return do_toupper(__low, __high);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    char_type tolower(char_type __c) const
+    {
+        return do_tolower(__c);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const char_type* tolower(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const
+    {
+        return do_tolower(__low, __high);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    char_type widen(char __c) const
+    {
+        return do_widen(__c);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const char* widen(const char* __low, const char* __high, char_type* __to) const
+    {
+        return do_widen(__low, __high, __to);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    char narrow(char_type __c, char __dfault) const
+    {
+        return do_narrow(__c, __dfault);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const char_type* narrow(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, char __dfault, char* __to) const
+    {
+        return do_narrow(__low, __high, __dfault, __to);
+    }
+
+    static locale::id id;
+
+protected:
+    ~ctype();
+    virtual bool do_is(mask __m, char_type __c) const;
+    virtual const char_type* do_is(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, mask* __vec) const;
+    virtual const char_type* do_scan_is(mask __m, const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const;
+    virtual const char_type* do_scan_not(mask __m, const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const;
+    virtual char_type do_toupper(char_type) const;
+    virtual const char_type* do_toupper(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const;
+    virtual char_type do_tolower(char_type) const;
+    virtual const char_type* do_tolower(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const;
+    virtual char_type do_widen(char) const;
+    virtual const char* do_widen(const char* __low, const char* __high, char_type* __dest) const;
+    virtual char do_narrow(char_type, char __dfault) const;
+    virtual const char_type* do_narrow(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, char __dfault, char* __dest) const;
+};
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
+
+template <>
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS ctype<char>
+    : public locale::facet, public ctype_base
+{
+    const mask* __tab_;
+    bool        __del_;
+public:
+    typedef char char_type;
+
+    explicit ctype(const mask* __tab = nullptr, bool __del = false, size_t __refs = 0);
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool is(mask __m, char_type __c) const
+    {
+        return isascii(__c) ? (__tab_[static_cast<int>(__c)] & __m) !=0 : false;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const char_type* is(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, mask* __vec) const
+    {
+        for (; __low != __high; ++__low, ++__vec)
+            *__vec = isascii(*__low) ? __tab_[static_cast<int>(*__low)] : 0;
+        return __low;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const char_type* scan_is (mask __m, const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const
+    {
+        for (; __low != __high; ++__low)
+            if (isascii(*__low) && (__tab_[static_cast<int>(*__low)] & __m))
+                break;
+        return __low;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const char_type* scan_not(mask __m, const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const
+    {
+        for (; __low != __high; ++__low)
+            if (!(isascii(*__low) && (__tab_[static_cast<int>(*__low)] & __m)))
+                break;
+        return __low;
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    char_type toupper(char_type __c) const
+    {
+        return do_toupper(__c);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const char_type* toupper(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const
+    {
+        return do_toupper(__low, __high);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    char_type tolower(char_type __c) const
+    {
+        return do_tolower(__c);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const char_type* tolower(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const
+    {
+        return do_tolower(__low, __high);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    char_type widen(char __c) const
+    {
+        return do_widen(__c);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const char* widen(const char* __low, const char* __high, char_type* __to) const
+    {
+        return do_widen(__low, __high, __to);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    char narrow(char_type __c, char __dfault) const
+    {
+        return do_narrow(__c, __dfault);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    const char* narrow(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, char __dfault, char* __to) const
+    {
+        return do_narrow(__low, __high, __dfault, __to);
+    }
+
+    static locale::id id;
+
+#ifdef _CACHED_RUNES
+    static const size_t table_size = _CACHED_RUNES;
+#else
+    static const size_t table_size = 256;  // FIXME: Don't hardcode this.
+#endif
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY const mask* table() const  _NOEXCEPT {return __tab_;}
+    static const mask* classic_table()  _NOEXCEPT;
+#if defined(__GLIBC__) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+    static const int* __classic_upper_table() _NOEXCEPT;
+    static const int* __classic_lower_table() _NOEXCEPT;
+#endif
+#if defined(__NetBSD__)
+    static const short* __classic_upper_table() _NOEXCEPT;
+    static const short* __classic_lower_table() _NOEXCEPT;
+#endif
+
+protected:
+    ~ctype();
+    virtual char_type do_toupper(char_type __c) const;
+    virtual const char_type* do_toupper(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const;
+    virtual char_type do_tolower(char_type __c) const;
+    virtual const char_type* do_tolower(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const;
+    virtual char_type do_widen(char __c) const;
+    virtual const char* do_widen(const char* __low, const char* __high, char_type* __to) const;
+    virtual char do_narrow(char_type __c, char __dfault) const;
+    virtual const char* do_narrow(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, char __dfault, char* __to) const;
+};
+
+// template <class CharT> class ctype_byname;
+
+template <class _CharT> class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS ctype_byname;
+
+template <>
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS ctype_byname<char>
+    : public ctype<char>
+{
+    locale_t __l;
+
+public:
+    explicit ctype_byname(const char*, size_t = 0);
+    explicit ctype_byname(const string&, size_t = 0);
+
+protected:
+    ~ctype_byname();
+    virtual char_type do_toupper(char_type) const;
+    virtual const char_type* do_toupper(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const;
+    virtual char_type do_tolower(char_type) const;
+    virtual const char_type* do_tolower(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const;
+};
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
+template <>
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS ctype_byname<wchar_t>
+    : public ctype<wchar_t>
+{
+    locale_t __l;
+
+public:
+    explicit ctype_byname(const char*, size_t = 0);
+    explicit ctype_byname(const string&, size_t = 0);
+
+protected:
+    ~ctype_byname();
+    virtual bool do_is(mask __m, char_type __c) const;
+    virtual const char_type* do_is(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, mask* __vec) const;
+    virtual const char_type* do_scan_is(mask __m, const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const;
+    virtual const char_type* do_scan_not(mask __m, const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const;
+    virtual char_type do_toupper(char_type) const;
+    virtual const char_type* do_toupper(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const;
+    virtual char_type do_tolower(char_type) const;
+    virtual const char_type* do_tolower(char_type* __low, const char_type* __high) const;
+    virtual char_type do_widen(char) const;
+    virtual const char* do_widen(const char* __low, const char* __high, char_type* __dest) const;
+    virtual char do_narrow(char_type, char __dfault) const;
+    virtual const char_type* do_narrow(const char_type* __low, const char_type* __high, char __dfault, char* __dest) const;
+};
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
+
+template <class _CharT>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+isspace(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
+{
+    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::space, __c);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+isprint(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
+{
+    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::print, __c);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+iscntrl(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
+{
+    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::cntrl, __c);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+isupper(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
+{
+    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::upper, __c);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+islower(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
+{
+    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::lower, __c);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+isalpha(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
+{
+    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::alpha, __c);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+isdigit(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
+{
+    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::digit, __c);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+ispunct(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
+{
+    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::punct, __c);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+isxdigit(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
+{
+    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::xdigit, __c);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+isalnum(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
+{
+    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::alnum, __c);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+bool
+isgraph(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
+{
+    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).is(ctype_base::graph, __c);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+_CharT
+toupper(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
+{
+    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).toupper(__c);
+}
+
+template <class _CharT>
+inline _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+_CharT
+tolower(_CharT __c, const locale& __loc)
+{
+    return use_facet<ctype<_CharT> >(__loc).tolower(__c);
+}
+
+// codecvt_base
+
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS codecvt_base
+{
+public:
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY codecvt_base() {}
+    enum result {ok, partial, error, noconv};
+};
+
+// template <class internT, class externT, class stateT> class codecvt;
+
+template <class _InternT, class _ExternT, class _StateT> class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS codecvt;
+
+// template <> class codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>
+
+template <>
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS codecvt<char, char, mbstate_t>
+    : public locale::facet,
+      public codecvt_base
+{
+public:
+    typedef char      intern_type;
+    typedef char      extern_type;
+    typedef mbstate_t state_type;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit codecvt(size_t __refs = 0)
+        : locale::facet(__refs) {}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result out(state_type& __st,
+               const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+               extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_out(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result unshift(state_type& __st,
+                   extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_unshift(__st, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result in(state_type& __st,
+              const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+              intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_in(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_encoding();
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_always_noconv();
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int length(state_type& __st, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const
+    {
+        return do_length(__st, __frm, __end, __mx);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_max_length();
+    }
+
+    static locale::id id;
+
+protected:
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit codecvt(const char*, size_t __refs = 0)
+        : locale::facet(__refs) {}
+
+    ~codecvt();
+
+    virtual result do_out(state_type& __st,
+                          const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+                          extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual result do_in(state_type& __st,
+                         const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+                         intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual result do_unshift(state_type& __st,
+                              extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual int do_encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+    virtual bool do_always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+    virtual int do_length(state_type& __st, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const;
+    virtual int do_max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+};
+
+// template <> class codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
+template <>
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS codecvt<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>
+    : public locale::facet,
+      public codecvt_base
+{
+    locale_t __l;
+public:
+    typedef wchar_t   intern_type;
+    typedef char      extern_type;
+    typedef mbstate_t state_type;
+
+    explicit codecvt(size_t __refs = 0);
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result out(state_type& __st,
+               const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+               extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_out(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result unshift(state_type& __st,
+                   extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_unshift(__st, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result in(state_type& __st,
+              const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+              intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_in(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_encoding();
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_always_noconv();
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int length(state_type& __st, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const
+    {
+        return do_length(__st, __frm, __end, __mx);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_max_length();
+    }
+
+    static locale::id id;
+
+protected:
+    explicit codecvt(const char*, size_t __refs = 0);
+
+    ~codecvt();
+
+    virtual result do_out(state_type& __st,
+                          const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+                          extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual result do_in(state_type& __st,
+                         const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+                         intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual result do_unshift(state_type& __st,
+                              extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual int do_encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+    virtual bool do_always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+    virtual int do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const;
+    virtual int do_max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+};
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
+
+// template <> class codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t> // deprecated in C++20
+
+template <>
+class _LIBCPP_DEPRECATED_IN_CXX20 _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>
+    : public locale::facet,
+      public codecvt_base
+{
+public:
+    typedef char16_t  intern_type;
+    typedef char      extern_type;
+    typedef mbstate_t state_type;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit codecvt(size_t __refs = 0)
+        : locale::facet(__refs) {}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result out(state_type& __st,
+               const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+               extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_out(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result unshift(state_type& __st,
+                   extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_unshift(__st, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result in(state_type& __st,
+              const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+              intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_in(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_encoding();
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_always_noconv();
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int length(state_type& __st, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const
+    {
+        return do_length(__st, __frm, __end, __mx);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_max_length();
+    }
+
+    static locale::id id;
+
+protected:
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit codecvt(const char*, size_t __refs = 0)
+        : locale::facet(__refs) {}
+
+    ~codecvt();
+
+    virtual result do_out(state_type& __st,
+                          const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+                          extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual result do_in(state_type& __st,
+                         const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+                         intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual result do_unshift(state_type& __st,
+                              extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual int do_encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+    virtual bool do_always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+    virtual int do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const;
+    virtual int do_max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+};
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T
+
+// template <> class codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t> // C++20
+
+template <>
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS codecvt<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>
+    : public locale::facet,
+      public codecvt_base
+{
+public:
+    typedef char16_t  intern_type;
+    typedef char8_t   extern_type;
+    typedef mbstate_t state_type;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit codecvt(size_t __refs = 0)
+        : locale::facet(__refs) {}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result out(state_type& __st,
+               const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+               extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_out(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result unshift(state_type& __st,
+                   extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_unshift(__st, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result in(state_type& __st,
+              const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+              intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_in(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_encoding();
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_always_noconv();
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int length(state_type& __st, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const
+    {
+        return do_length(__st, __frm, __end, __mx);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_max_length();
+    }
+
+    static locale::id id;
+
+protected:
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit codecvt(const char*, size_t __refs = 0)
+        : locale::facet(__refs) {}
+
+    ~codecvt();
+
+    virtual result do_out(state_type& __st,
+                          const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+                          extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual result do_in(state_type& __st,
+                         const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+                         intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual result do_unshift(state_type& __st,
+                              extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual int do_encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+    virtual bool do_always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+    virtual int do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const;
+    virtual int do_max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+};
+
+#endif
+
+// template <> class codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t> // deprecated in C++20
+
+template <>
+class _LIBCPP_DEPRECATED_IN_CXX20 _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>
+    : public locale::facet,
+      public codecvt_base
+{
+public:
+    typedef char32_t  intern_type;
+    typedef char      extern_type;
+    typedef mbstate_t state_type;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit codecvt(size_t __refs = 0)
+        : locale::facet(__refs) {}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result out(state_type& __st,
+               const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+               extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_out(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result unshift(state_type& __st,
+                   extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_unshift(__st, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result in(state_type& __st,
+              const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+              intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_in(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_encoding();
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_always_noconv();
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int length(state_type& __st, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const
+    {
+        return do_length(__st, __frm, __end, __mx);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_max_length();
+    }
+
+    static locale::id id;
+
+protected:
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit codecvt(const char*, size_t __refs = 0)
+        : locale::facet(__refs) {}
+
+    ~codecvt();
+
+    virtual result do_out(state_type& __st,
+                          const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+                          extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual result do_in(state_type& __st,
+                         const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+                         intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual result do_unshift(state_type& __st,
+                              extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual int do_encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+    virtual bool do_always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+    virtual int do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const;
+    virtual int do_max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+};
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T
+
+// template <> class codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t> // C++20
+
+template <>
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS codecvt<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>
+    : public locale::facet,
+      public codecvt_base
+{
+public:
+    typedef char32_t  intern_type;
+    typedef char8_t   extern_type;
+    typedef mbstate_t state_type;
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit codecvt(size_t __refs = 0)
+        : locale::facet(__refs) {}
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result out(state_type& __st,
+               const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+               extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_out(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result unshift(state_type& __st,
+                   extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_unshift(__st, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    result in(state_type& __st,
+              const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+              intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const
+    {
+        return do_in(__st, __frm, __frm_end, __frm_nxt, __to, __to_end, __to_nxt);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_encoding();
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    bool always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_always_noconv();
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int length(state_type& __st, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const
+    {
+        return do_length(__st, __frm, __end, __mx);
+    }
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    int max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return do_max_length();
+    }
+
+    static locale::id id;
+
+protected:
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit codecvt(const char*, size_t __refs = 0)
+        : locale::facet(__refs) {}
+
+    ~codecvt();
+
+    virtual result do_out(state_type& __st,
+                          const intern_type* __frm, const intern_type* __frm_end, const intern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+                          extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual result do_in(state_type& __st,
+                         const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __frm_end, const extern_type*& __frm_nxt,
+                         intern_type* __to, intern_type* __to_end, intern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual result do_unshift(state_type& __st,
+                              extern_type* __to, extern_type* __to_end, extern_type*& __to_nxt) const;
+    virtual int do_encoding() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+    virtual bool do_always_noconv() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+    virtual int do_length(state_type&, const extern_type* __frm, const extern_type* __end, size_t __mx) const;
+    virtual int do_max_length() const  _NOEXCEPT;
+};
+
+#endif
+
+// template <class _InternT, class _ExternT, class _StateT> class codecvt_byname
+
+template <class _InternT, class _ExternT, class _StateT>
+class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS codecvt_byname
+    : public codecvt<_InternT, _ExternT, _StateT>
+{
+public:
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit codecvt_byname(const char* __nm, size_t __refs = 0)
+        : codecvt<_InternT, _ExternT, _StateT>(__nm, __refs) {}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    explicit codecvt_byname(const string& __nm, size_t __refs = 0)
+        : codecvt<_InternT, _ExternT, _StateT>(__nm.c_str(), __refs) {}
+protected:
+    ~codecvt_byname();
+};
+
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH
+template <class _InternT, class _ExternT, class _StateT>
+codecvt_byname<_InternT, _ExternT, _StateT>::~codecvt_byname()
+{
+}
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP
+
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_EVEN_IN_DEBUG_MODE(class _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_TYPE_VIS codecvt_byname<char, char, mbstate_t>)
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_EVEN_IN_DEBUG_MODE(class _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_TYPE_VIS codecvt_byname<wchar_t, char, mbstate_t>)
+#endif
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_EVEN_IN_DEBUG_MODE(class _LIBCPP_DEPRECATED_IN_CXX20 _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_TYPE_VIS codecvt_byname<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>) // deprecated in C++20
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_EVEN_IN_DEBUG_MODE(class _LIBCPP_DEPRECATED_IN_CXX20 _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_TYPE_VIS codecvt_byname<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>) // deprecated in C++20
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_CHAR8_T
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_EVEN_IN_DEBUG_MODE(class _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_TYPE_VIS codecvt_byname<char16_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>) // C++20
+_LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_EVEN_IN_DEBUG_MODE(class _LIBCPP_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_TYPE_VIS codecvt_byname<char32_t, char8_t, mbstate_t>) // C++20
+#endif
+
+template <size_t _Np>
+struct __narrow_to_utf8
+{
+    template <class _OutputIterator, class _CharT>
+    _OutputIterator
+    operator()(_OutputIterator __s, const _CharT* __wb, const _CharT* __we) const;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct __narrow_to_utf8<8>
+{
+    template <class _OutputIterator, class _CharT>
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _OutputIterator
+    operator()(_OutputIterator __s, const _CharT* __wb, const _CharT* __we) const
+    {
+        for (; __wb < __we; ++__wb, ++__s)
+            *__s = *__wb;
+        return __s;
+    }
+};
+
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH
+template <>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __narrow_to_utf8<16>
+    : public codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>
+{
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    __narrow_to_utf8() : codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>(1) {}
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP
+
+    ~__narrow_to_utf8();
+
+    template <class _OutputIterator, class _CharT>
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _OutputIterator
+    operator()(_OutputIterator __s, const _CharT* __wb, const _CharT* __we) const
+    {
+        result __r = ok;
+        mbstate_t __mb;
+        while (__wb < __we && __r != error)
+        {
+            const int __sz = 32;
+            char __buf[__sz];
+            char* __bn;
+            const char16_t* __wn = (const char16_t*)__wb;
+            __r = do_out(__mb, (const char16_t*)__wb, (const char16_t*)__we, __wn,
+                         __buf, __buf+__sz, __bn);
+            if (__r == codecvt_base::error || __wn == (const char16_t*)__wb)
+                __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+            for (const char* __p = __buf; __p < __bn; ++__p, ++__s)
+                *__s = *__p;
+            __wb = (const _CharT*)__wn;
+        }
+        return __s;
+    }
+};
+
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH
+template <>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __narrow_to_utf8<32>
+    : public codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>
+{
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    __narrow_to_utf8() : codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>(1) {}
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP
+
+    ~__narrow_to_utf8();
+
+    template <class _OutputIterator, class _CharT>
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _OutputIterator
+    operator()(_OutputIterator __s, const _CharT* __wb, const _CharT* __we) const
+    {
+        result __r = ok;
+        mbstate_t __mb;
+        while (__wb < __we && __r != error)
+        {
+            const int __sz = 32;
+            char __buf[__sz];
+            char* __bn;
+            const char32_t* __wn = (const char32_t*)__wb;
+            __r = do_out(__mb, (const char32_t*)__wb, (const char32_t*)__we, __wn,
+                         __buf, __buf+__sz, __bn);
+            if (__r == codecvt_base::error || __wn == (const char32_t*)__wb)
+                __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+            for (const char* __p = __buf; __p < __bn; ++__p, ++__s)
+                *__s = *__p;
+            __wb = (const _CharT*)__wn;
+        }
+        return __s;
+    }
+};
+
+template <size_t _Np>
+struct __widen_from_utf8
+{
+    template <class _OutputIterator>
+    _OutputIterator
+    operator()(_OutputIterator __s, const char* __nb, const char* __ne) const;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct __widen_from_utf8<8>
+{
+    template <class _OutputIterator>
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _OutputIterator
+    operator()(_OutputIterator __s, const char* __nb, const char* __ne) const
+    {
+        for (; __nb < __ne; ++__nb, ++__s)
+            *__s = *__nb;
+        return __s;
+    }
+};
+
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH
+template <>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __widen_from_utf8<16>
+    : public codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>
+{
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    __widen_from_utf8() : codecvt<char16_t, char, mbstate_t>(1) {}
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP
+
+    ~__widen_from_utf8();
+
+    template <class _OutputIterator>
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _OutputIterator
+    operator()(_OutputIterator __s, const char* __nb, const char* __ne) const
+    {
+        result __r = ok;
+        mbstate_t __mb;
+        while (__nb < __ne && __r != error)
+        {
+            const int __sz = 32;
+            char16_t __buf[__sz];
+            char16_t* __bn;
+            const char* __nn = __nb;
+            __r = do_in(__mb, __nb, __ne - __nb > __sz ? __nb+__sz : __ne, __nn,
+                        __buf, __buf+__sz, __bn);
+            if (__r == codecvt_base::error || __nn == __nb)
+                __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+            for (const char16_t* __p = __buf; __p < __bn; ++__p, ++__s)
+                *__s = *__p;
+            __nb = __nn;
+        }
+        return __s;
+    }
+};
+
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_PUSH
+template <>
+struct _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS __widen_from_utf8<32>
+    : public codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>
+{
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    __widen_from_utf8() : codecvt<char32_t, char, mbstate_t>(1) {}
+_LIBCPP_SUPPRESS_DEPRECATED_POP
+
+    ~__widen_from_utf8();
+
+    template <class _OutputIterator>
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY
+    _OutputIterator
+    operator()(_OutputIterator __s, const char* __nb, const char* __ne) const
+    {
+        result __r = ok;
+        mbstate_t __mb;
+        while (__nb < __ne && __r != error)
+        {
+            const int __sz = 32;
+            char32_t __buf[__sz];
+            char32_t* __bn;
+            const char* __nn = __nb;
+            __r = do_in(__mb, __nb, __ne - __nb > __sz ? __nb+__sz : __ne, __nn,
+                        __buf, __buf+__sz, __bn);
+            if (__r == codecvt_base::error || __nn == __nb)
+                __throw_runtime_error("locale not supported");
+            for (const char32_t* __p = __buf; __p < __bn; ++__p, ++__s)
+                *__s = *__p;
+            __nb = __nn;
+        }
+        return __s;
+    }
+};
+
+// template <class charT> class numpunct
+
+template <class _CharT> class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS numpunct;
+
+template <>
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS numpunct<char>
+    : public locale::facet
+{
+public:
+    typedef char char_type;
+    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type;
+
+    explicit numpunct(size_t __refs = 0);
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY char_type decimal_point() const {return do_decimal_point();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY char_type thousands_sep() const {return do_thousands_sep();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY string grouping() const         {return do_grouping();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY string_type truename() const    {return do_truename();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY string_type falsename() const   {return do_falsename();}
+
+    static locale::id id;
+
+protected:
+    ~numpunct();
+    virtual char_type do_decimal_point() const;
+    virtual char_type do_thousands_sep() const;
+    virtual string do_grouping() const;
+    virtual string_type do_truename() const;
+    virtual string_type do_falsename() const;
+
+    char_type __decimal_point_;
+    char_type __thousands_sep_;
+    string __grouping_;
+};
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
+template <>
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS numpunct<wchar_t>
+    : public locale::facet
+{
+public:
+    typedef wchar_t char_type;
+    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type;
+
+    explicit numpunct(size_t __refs = 0);
+
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY char_type decimal_point() const {return do_decimal_point();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY char_type thousands_sep() const {return do_thousands_sep();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY string grouping() const         {return do_grouping();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY string_type truename() const    {return do_truename();}
+    _LIBCPP_INLINE_VISIBILITY string_type falsename() const   {return do_falsename();}
+
+    static locale::id id;
+
+protected:
+    ~numpunct();
+    virtual char_type do_decimal_point() const;
+    virtual char_type do_thousands_sep() const;
+    virtual string do_grouping() const;
+    virtual string_type do_truename() const;
+    virtual string_type do_falsename() const;
+
+    char_type __decimal_point_;
+    char_type __thousands_sep_;
+    string __grouping_;
+};
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
+
+// template <class charT> class numpunct_byname
+
+template <class _CharT> class _LIBCPP_TEMPLATE_VIS numpunct_byname;
+
+template <>
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS numpunct_byname<char>
+: public numpunct<char>
+{
+public:
+    typedef char char_type;
+    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type;
+
+    explicit numpunct_byname(const char* __nm, size_t __refs = 0);
+    explicit numpunct_byname(const string& __nm, size_t __refs = 0);
+
+protected:
+    ~numpunct_byname();
+
+private:
+    void __init(const char*);
+};
+
+#ifndef _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
+template <>
+class _LIBCPP_TYPE_VIS numpunct_byname<wchar_t>
+: public numpunct<wchar_t>
+{
+public:
+    typedef wchar_t char_type;
+    typedef basic_string<char_type> string_type;
+
+    explicit numpunct_byname(const char* __nm, size_t __refs = 0);
+    explicit numpunct_byname(const string& __nm, size_t __refs = 0);
+
+protected:
+    ~numpunct_byname();
+
+private:
+    void __init(const char*);
+};
+#endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_NO_WIDE_CHARACTERS
+
+_LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
+
+#endif // _LIBCPP___LOCALE