avcodec/put_bits: Add functions for amount of bytes written/left

Often a caller doesn't want the amount of bits written via a
PutBitContext, but the amount of bytes. This in particular happens
after one has flushed the PutBitContext (e.g. at the end of encoding,
when one wants to know the actual packet size). The current way of doing
this is with put_bits_count(pb)/8 (or (put_bits_count(pb) + 7)/8).

Yet this has some issues: It contains implicit multiplications and
divisions by 8 with a cast in between; it obscurs the intent; and
it restricts the size of the buffer to (currently) INT_MAX/8 (or
to 1/8 of the maximum of whatever put_bits_count() returns), although
said restriction is not really necessary for users that don't need
a bitcount.

Corresponding functions for the amount of bytes left have also been
addded.

Signed-off-by: Andreas Rheinhardt <andreas.rheinhardt@gmail.com>

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